might be that a lot of views are given to the first video since people are saving the playlist and it always starts with that when you load it. I've probably technically clicked it a few times
Can you make some videos on morphology in depth please ? Not introduction to morphology but thoroughly detailed explanation. thanks for the incredible efforts you make to help others. ☺
No doubt, these videos are very helpful and highly informative and provide a strong basis for the study of syntax. I, personally have no words for such a contribution. I would request you please recommend certain books to study in detail these concepts presented in these videos. Thanks a lot.
It seems that all the word orders are possible in Sinhalese. Look the example "James threw the ball" (I am not using the Sinhalese script here): James visi kalaa bolaya - SVO James bolaya visi kalaa - SOV visi kalaa James bolaya - VSO visi kalaa bolaya James - VOS bolaya James visi kalaa - OSV bolaya visi kalaa James - OVS All these forms are valid. But I think SOV is more common in written Sinhalese. I think this is a wonderful feature but in some rare situations where the nominative of both the subject and object does not inflect in the case that the object is in, this this can result in ambiguous understandings and maybe that's why SOV is more commonly used in writing. i.e. : "bolaya" (the ball) in the example is in accusative case but it's the same word in both nominative and accusative cases. So, we can't determine whether it's the subject or the object. But, "James" is in nominative case. (It changes in other cases like "Jameswa" in accustive, "Jamesta" in dative etc.) So, we know James is the subject here. Please let me know if you know other languages like this!
That's just the passive voice. We use passive voice in English to promote the object to the subject position, and then the old subject becomes optional. This isn't a case of scrambling because the verb position has to remain the same, and the direct object no longer remains the direct object. It becomes the subject. "The balloon was popped by the needle". "The balloon" is the subject. "was popped" is the main verb consisting of an auxiliary + verb "by the needle" is an adjunct (optional)
00:30 Umm.... "Long lived the king" :q 06:06 The problem with this approach, especially in English, is that the same word can belong to multiple categories at the same time, and switch the category depending on the grammatical context. For example: in "Drink the milk", "drink" is a verb, and "milk" is a noun. But in "Milk the cow", "milk" is a verb (to milk), and "cow" is a noun. And in "Give me a drink", the word "drink" is no longer a verb - now it is a noun :q So it seems that the lexical category of a word may depend on the granmmatical context, and it's really that grammatical context that classifies a word to a certain category. However, it's not that simple again, because one cannot use _any_ word whatsoever in _any_ position in a sentence. There seem to be some inherent rules in words that tell whether a word can be used as a noun, or as a verb, or as an adjective etc. and sometimes those rules cannot be bent. The problem is, I haven't seen any linguist so far who would figure it out. Most of them go no further than stating that "A noun is a word that can be used as a subject". Sure, that works, but it doesn't tell much WHY does it work for some words, and doesn't work for other. 06:45 But I can say "his quick dog" ;) Abd before you say "But it refers to the noun 'dog' in there" - well, then how about "the quick"? As in "The quick outpaced the fast" :) (substantive adjective) 07:40 Aren't determiners classified as a type of adjectives?
Transmitted knowledge of the the use of the language according to what knowledgeable people have said in the past for the purpose of reading, speaking and writing well is the definition of prescriptive grammar. English is not what is spoken between two people that looks similar to English but that language issued from mother language with influences from many corners and is defined as conventional significant sound. But per what convention and which convention takes priority and in some particular issue, etc. is what is discussed. It's decidedly non-plebian and somewhat the monopoly of the British, for e.g. Dr Jhonson( but Americans like Murray also have much authority. This is related to classical learning, for e.g. on punctuation they refer to the Greeks as the authority). I'm only learn knowledge related to language but I know much on philosophy prescriptive and descriptive differ according to what the take for convention; I myself could make up a English like language and teach it to my family that it begins to take the form of a convention( Google says convention is "way things are usually done", wherefore the definition of "usually do" is what is mean. I'll help; "usually do" is what is done habitually by one individual or more, for e.g. "I usually keep my thoughts to myself", but is also used for more than one person, "Their family usually go ro Church on Sundays"; now of the latter sense, "more than one", both number, kind of people and did it and for for how long has to be answered: here, spoken, written are the actions, most esteemed for what kind, all or most of them for number or how many and always or for the most part for how long. Thus if the thing usually done by more than one person is done by most of the people, or the better part of them, then that is an aspect that makes it more conventional as opposed to the contrary if none or few did it or if it is done by men who are more esteemed then that is more conventional than.., and so on for rest. That's why we don't see Grammars of common languages pop up till two or three centuries ago. Obviously prescriptivism is favoured by in politics by the conservative and on the question of tradition by the religious and among the religious by the religiously orthodox.
I may find this out later in a video, but what about Adjective Phrases that contain adverbs? He was cautiously aware of the danger vs he was very aware of the danger. Is the adverb considered a qualifier, is the adverb considered to be part of the VP? (however it isn't right to say, he cautiously was aware of the danger, because we want cautiously to affect the adjective.) Or is this just grammatically incorrect?
A noun identifies a person, animal, or thing. Pronouns are words like he, she, yourself, mine, who, this, and someone. Pronouns commonly refer to or fill the position of a noun or noun phrase. A determiner specifies the kind of reference a noun has. When is an adverb, a relative adverb to be more precise. There are three of them: where, when, why.
Any word can be a phrase because it DOES NOT require a verb: "Hi!" is a phrase; "Kevin and John." is also a phrase. On the other hand, a sentence MUST have a verb.
I (N) tried (V): In (P) this (P) video (N) we (N) look (V) at (P) word (N) order (N) in (P) languages (N), grammaticality (N), prescriptive (A) and (Con) descriptive (A) grammar (N), as well as (?) go (V) over (P) functional (A) categories (N) and (Con) lexical (A) categories (N).
I just want to add something to this video. Verbs are not only actions, are also emotions. For instance: I love you What's the action for love? To kiss? To hug? As you see you have to describe this feeling with more verbs, meanwhile, with others verbs don't happen.
To kiss and to hug are action verbs because you make the action of kissing something or hugging something. As for verbs that express feelings, like love, hate, need, look, become, and so on, they are called stative verbs or linking verbs.
yea what the hell was that about? Looking to see if anyone was paying attention? Were there any other easter eggs in there that I missed? I only caught that last one.
Of course, an adverb phrase can serve as the head of a phrase. "The car drove incredibly slowly." >> Here, "incredibly slowly" is an adverb phrase, with "slowly" serving as the head of the phrase modified by "incredibly." This adverb phrase modifies the verb "drove" by providing information about how the action was performed. The adverb phrase takes the central role within a larger phrase, either by modifying a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Another example is: "He was extremely happy." Here, "extremely happy" is an adverb phrase modifying the adjective "happy."
Pronouns are types of nouns. Well, eventually we find that they act more like determiners (when placing them in trees), but at first we can generalize them as nouns.
![[Introduction to Linguistics] Constituency Tests](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/5wTem6TBbPI/mqdefault.jpg)
![[Introduction to Linguistics] Constituency Tests](/img/tr.png)
![[Introduction to Linguistics] Phrase Structure Rules, Specifiers, Complements, Tree Structures](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/tyLnW7rwnOU/mqdefault.jpg)
This guy is hilarious. Informative, too. I can't believe more people didn't continue from the first video.
might be that a lot of views are given to the first video since people are saving the playlist and it always starts with that when you load it. I've probably technically clicked it a few times
You sir are an angel. Thanks a ton for this series!
Can you make some videos on morphology in depth please ? Not introduction to morphology but thoroughly detailed explanation. thanks for the incredible efforts you make to help others. ☺
Your explanations are clear and easily understood so thank you very much for the hard work you put into it !
No doubt, these videos are very helpful and highly informative and provide a strong basis for the study of syntax. I, personally have no words for such a contribution. I would request you please recommend certain books to study in detail these concepts presented in these videos. Thanks a lot.
I'm going to study linguistics this year, taking notes and practising in advance ^_^
Sir, u made a slip of d tongue in saying breakfast is a preposition although u wrote noun which is correct.
It seems that all the word orders are possible in Sinhalese.
Look the example "James threw the ball" (I am not using the Sinhalese script here):
James visi kalaa bolaya - SVO
James bolaya visi kalaa - SOV
visi kalaa James bolaya - VSO
visi kalaa bolaya James - VOS
bolaya James visi kalaa - OSV
bolaya visi kalaa James - OVS
All these forms are valid. But I think SOV is more common in written Sinhalese.
I think this is a wonderful feature but in some rare situations where the nominative of both the subject and object does not inflect in the case that the object is in, this this can result in ambiguous understandings and maybe that's why SOV is more commonly used in writing.
i.e. : "bolaya" (the ball) in the example is in accusative case but it's the same word in both nominative and accusative cases.
So, we can't determine whether it's the subject or the object.
But, "James" is in nominative case. (It changes in other cases like "Jameswa" in accustive, "Jamesta" in dative etc.)
So, we know James is the subject here.
Please let me know if you know other languages like this!
This may be of interest to you.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrambling_(linguistics)
Yeah, thanks. It was interesting. I am really linguistics.
That's just the passive voice. We use passive voice in English to promote the object to the subject position, and then the old subject becomes optional. This isn't a case of scrambling because the verb position has to remain the same, and the direct object no longer remains the direct object. It becomes the subject.
"The balloon was popped by the needle".
"The balloon" is the subject.
"was popped" is the main verb consisting of an auxiliary + verb
"by the needle" is an adjunct (optional)
Thank ou for this. Your explanations are easy to grasp because of how simply you explain.
His Jim. Her Jim. The Jim.
I'm only poking fun. English has too many rules. But you are doing a great job explaining them
Quick can be used as a noun. It is the soft flesh behind the growing part of a fingernail or toenail.
You are amazing. You teach better than my teachers👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Hi, I really liked the way you teach. Thank you so much for these useful videos🌹
Excellent introduction. Will certainly watch more. Thanks
00:30 Umm.... "Long lived the king" :q
06:06 The problem with this approach, especially in English, is that the same word can belong to multiple categories at the same time, and switch the category depending on the grammatical context. For example: in "Drink the milk", "drink" is a verb, and "milk" is a noun. But in "Milk the cow", "milk" is a verb (to milk), and "cow" is a noun. And in "Give me a drink", the word "drink" is no longer a verb - now it is a noun :q So it seems that the lexical category of a word may depend on the granmmatical context, and it's really that grammatical context that classifies a word to a certain category. However, it's not that simple again, because one cannot use _any_ word whatsoever in _any_ position in a sentence. There seem to be some inherent rules in words that tell whether a word can be used as a noun, or as a verb, or as an adjective etc. and sometimes those rules cannot be bent. The problem is, I haven't seen any linguist so far who would figure it out. Most of them go no further than stating that "A noun is a word that can be used as a subject". Sure, that works, but it doesn't tell much WHY does it work for some words, and doesn't work for other.
06:45 But I can say "his quick dog" ;) Abd before you say "But it refers to the noun 'dog' in there" - well, then how about "the quick"? As in "The quick outpaced the fast" :) (substantive adjective)
07:40 Aren't determiners classified as a type of adjectives?
wow this is really helpful for my study....thank you sooooooo much!!!
Thanks for sharing!! This is just what I was looking for! also, the Texas 'might could' reminds me of the Canadian 'yeah no, for sure' 😂
Thank you very much.. I've reviewed a lot through this short video
The ball threw James.
informative thankyou keep giving us more greatly appreciated
Thank you it realy is helping ! Do you know where i CAN find tests in ordre to practice ?
8:28 - "I have went to the store" should be, "I have gone to the store?"
Dialectal differences. Either are acceptable in Western Canadian English which is what I'm basing it around.
this will help me learn more languages!
Unbelievable good!!! Master of Linguistics :))
Things that signify temporal, spatial, teleological, or strictly relative locality, Relations.
Transmitted knowledge of the the use of the language according to what knowledgeable people have said in the past for the purpose of reading, speaking and writing well is the definition of prescriptive grammar. English is not what is spoken between two people that looks similar to English but that language issued from mother language with influences from many corners and is defined as conventional significant sound. But per what convention and which convention takes priority and in some particular issue, etc. is what is discussed. It's decidedly non-plebian and somewhat the monopoly of the British, for e.g. Dr Jhonson( but Americans like Murray also have much authority. This is related to classical learning, for e.g. on punctuation they refer to the Greeks as the authority).
I'm only learn knowledge related to language but I know much on philosophy prescriptive and descriptive differ according to what the take for convention; I myself could make up a English like language and teach it to my family that it begins to take the form of a convention( Google says convention is "way things are usually done", wherefore the definition of "usually do" is what is mean. I'll help; "usually do" is what is done habitually by one individual or more, for e.g. "I usually keep my thoughts to myself", but is also used for more than one person, "Their family usually go ro Church on Sundays"; now of the latter sense, "more than one", both number, kind of people and did it and for for how long has to be answered: here, spoken, written are the actions, most esteemed for what kind, all or most of them for number or how many and always or for the most part for how long. Thus if the thing usually done by more than one person is done by most of the people, or the better part of them, then that is an aspect that makes it more conventional as opposed to the contrary if none or few did it or if it is done by men who are more esteemed then that is more conventional than.., and so on for rest. That's why we don't see Grammars of common languages pop up till two or three centuries ago. Obviously prescriptivism is favoured by in politics by the conservative and on the question of tradition by the religious and among the religious by the religiously orthodox.
Plz make a video on "word order transformation"
I may find this out later in a video, but what about Adjective Phrases that contain adverbs? He was cautiously aware of the danger vs he was very aware of the danger. Is the adverb considered a qualifier, is the adverb considered to be part of the VP? (however it isn't right to say, he cautiously was aware of the danger, because we want cautiously to affect the adjective.) Or is this just grammatically incorrect?
Very nice n precise..sir thanks
Hello, thank you for your videos. I have a question, Are your videos in order? I am trying to go over the whole course. thanks!
Sir, what about question and negative words..
Can I use "article instead of " determiner" ?
Yeah .
thank you for your great video. but what is a pronoun? is it a type of noun? and also what is "when"?
A noun identifies a person, animal, or thing. Pronouns are words like he, she, yourself, mine, who, this, and someone. Pronouns commonly refer to or fill the position of a noun or noun phrase. A determiner specifies the kind of reference a noun has.
When is an adverb, a relative adverb to be more precise. There are three of them: where, when, why.
Anybody ever heard of David Wyn Miller and have any thoughts on his quantum grammar stuff?
Why you didn't say object for "I" teacher?
thaaank youu
thank you sir
Can I ask why 'I' is a Noun instead of Pronoun?
Can someone explain me please?
Ha, all the verbs you gave in your lexical categories are also nouns.
Are you saying that a phrase can be just a word? As far as I know a phrase is a small GROUP of WORDS. Pls.enlighten me
Any word can be a phrase because it DOES NOT require a verb: "Hi!" is a phrase; "Kevin and John." is also a phrase. On the other hand, a sentence MUST have a verb.
You say breakfast is a preposition but wrote "n" for noun.
Noun is correct
He didn't say that
@@stylepiew9426 Yes he did. At 9:40 he said, "and breakfast is also a preposition".
where is syntax 2?
I (N) tried (V):
In (P) this (P) video (N) we (N) look (V) at (P) word (N) order (N) in (P) languages (N), grammaticality (N), prescriptive (A) and (Con) descriptive (A) grammar (N), as well as (?) go (V) over (P) functional (A) categories (N) and (Con) lexical (A) categories (N).
I was watching, and he called breakfast a noun. I was c o n f u s e d
Do you know why? Its because you can write his, her, and the before it.
Just to nit pick, Quick can me a noun :)
Sorry but "breakfast is a preposition"? 9:42
We'll nvm, there's a Noun (N) label already.
I just want to add something to this video. Verbs are not only actions, are also emotions.
For instance: I love you
What's the action for love? To kiss? To hug? As you see you have to describe this feeling with more verbs, meanwhile, with others verbs don't happen.
To kiss and to hug are action verbs because you make the action of kissing something or hugging something. As for verbs that express feelings, like love, hate, need, look, become, and so on, they are called stative verbs or linking verbs.
Omg i love you...
You might think they're lower class if they say ain't? ...
13:28min ;D
yea what the hell was that about? Looking to see if anyone was paying attention? Were there any other easter eggs in there that I missed? I only caught that last one.
I think the joke is that he said "pp" which is also used to refer to a man's genitals
"i have ran the marathon" ...really?
11:58 I disagree with you about the phrases, the Adverb Phrase will never be the head of a phrase.
Of course, an adverb phrase can serve as the head of a phrase.
"The car drove incredibly slowly." >> Here, "incredibly slowly" is an adverb phrase, with "slowly" serving as the head of the phrase modified by "incredibly." This adverb phrase modifies the verb "drove" by providing information about how the action was performed.
The adverb phrase takes the central role within a larger phrase, either by modifying a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Another example is:
"He was extremely happy."
Here, "extremely happy" is an adverb phrase modifying the adjective "happy."
I thought "I" was a pronoun. In "I would like cereal for breakfast" you categorized "I" as a noun. Is that right?
Pronouns are types of nouns. Well, eventually we find that they act more like determiners (when placing them in trees), but at first we can generalize them as nouns.
@@Trevtutor Thank you.
اخخبتتتتتت
this makes me nervus
Hello, you said "I" is a noun...I thought it was a pronoun
You can say pronoun to be more specific. Because there are many kinds of nouns
Were not here for japanese word order.
So many mistakes