@@JapanischErfahren It’s my impression that most schools focus on memorization by rote. If that’s the case, and language learning keeps failing to teach its students, then such talks are important
This video made me think of a great organization called Reading is Fundamental. I donate regularly to them. The organization gives new books to children that may not be able to afford them or their parents won't buy them. I think this video has a lot of proof that it works!
+bumblesby Thank you for this - sounds like a really valuable organisation. Krashen says, "Children of poverty have practically no access to books" - the rest of us are worrying about broadband!
Reading is like planting seeds. Reading is so rewarding, empowering and beneficial. Because the planted seeds have our brain as recipient. Watch your seeds!
This is definitely true, I was barely able to read growing up due to undiagnosed learning issues and an inability to get my eyes to focus on the same place on the page. I'd look down a the page and there was no guarantee that what I'd be reading would be literally on the page. Frequently, it would be a random assortment of the words that were there. So, I wouldn't qualify as completely illiterate, I could still read, I just couldn't count on anything that I wrote or read being an accurate reflection of what was on the paper. I did eventually manage to get over that with a lot of time and patience, but it wasn't until I was in my 30s that I could really read the range of topics that a college educated individual should.
When reading, you will get the constant review of high frequency (most often used) words and due to this constant review, in the process, memorize the meaning of these words. For low frequency words that only pop up several times in a whole book, you have to take additional measures to memorize them and I suggest using Anki to make these words comprehensible. By Krashens theory, comprehensibility is required for learning to occur. If you have an understanding of what the word means, then you can gain an understanding of how it is used by reading, i.e., getting compehensible input.
Hi are there any tips to switch from simple books like graded readers to real books. I can read & understand book for English learners all levels but if i try standars book than most of the words are unknown for me. Tried startrek, harry potter, sawyer etc. Can you recommend something more advanced than books for learners but still quite simple to still have fun with reading ?
@@stasiekkowalski6411 You may have already closed the gap. But I've been recommended reading books meant for native speaking kids in 2nd or 3rd grade. Books that seem like they might be too easy but at the same time still have that 5% of unknown words that you will absorb naturally through context. After a few of those, you can gradually increase in complexity
It strikes you as true at first, but here is the thing: I believe I have a decent vocabulary in my first language, and I have NEVER done anything like that. I just read a lot as a kid. Clearly, there is a way around, and I believe it is reading multiple books by the same author and absorbing his idiom. This way you get the repetitions of words that are very rare in the language in general.
@@stasiekkowalski6411I would suggest to read what you really want to read even if it’s difficult and the process might be slow at the beginning. Just keep reading and eventually you’ll end up being good at it. In my opinion you’ll never be completely ready to read and understand everything unless you start doing that. It’s been working for me and I’m still doing that. I can’t read books for kids or other silly stuff I just read what I like. It’s like getting into cold water if you do that slowly by putting your toes first and slowly progressing it’ll take a long time to get used to it. It’s way more better just to jump into it right away.
I really like the lecture. Thanks to the ones who made it available to watch for us. For the content, as an English teacher, he doesn't say anything new: The more you read, the more you become proficient in the language. However, the way he lectures attracted my attention. His cool style is something other professors should acquire.
In this video, Krashen discusses the importance of reading as an example of the comprehensible input. I tried this with my teenagers students, but most of them found it hard at the beginning especially when the encounter lots of new vocabulary. However, this problem quite disappeared when I asked them to choose books that does not have lots of new vocabulary. How about young learners who do not like reading and prefer to keep moving and playing around? How do we motivate them?
The material has to be comprehensible. That means the students are almost at the point of full comprehension, so that they can understand the new vocabulary by its context. Regarding young kids, how about cartoons in the target language
Best start by reading to them. Tell them you have a very interesting and funny story to tell them. If they like they can take turn adding parts to the story.
Thank you professor I am going to write an article on the Reading for pleasure and I want children in my country will learn any language especially English without much effort ❤❤❤
Prof Krashen, sir, your talks have changed my life and my whole perspective. I owe you a lot sir. Btw my BA is in English Language and Literature. Blessings!
So Tutu read comics. Me? I owe my love for English and reading to a school activity involving the SRA Reading Laboratory. That is first hand proof to me that SSR works. The best motivator for reading is reading itself indeed. One might say the SRA is reading gamified. I can also attest to the power of school libraries because I loved hanging out there when I was in elementary school. This is such a good lecture and I learned a lot even though it's from 2012 and times have changed.
Came here to learn more about the psychology of learning and acquiring information. This is a great speech/lecture. I feel like many of us already have the intuition about the benefits of reading, we're just lazy to experience them ourselves. Hope more people will be reached by this video. I wish the audio was a little louder though. Would love to hear Mr. Krashen's humor more clearly. Heheh. ☺️
Awesome! I love learning about learning. Have you heard of the book "Learning how to Learn" by Barbara Oakley and Terrence Sejnowski? It's an amazing book and they also made a free online course on Coursea with the name title.
thanks a lot Dr Krashen for your brilliant lecture I really liked it and my thanks extends for the program because it helps me a lot to preparer my classes at University where I teach Didactic as subject for English teachers'trainee
Where can I find the study Dr Krashen talks about starting minute 38.40. He talks about the multiple regression analyses. I would like to read the study and use it as a reference in my paper. Thank you so much!
This take is present By Stephen Krashen about reading, he used a term Free Voluntary Reading FVR and Sustained Silent Reading SSR, the mean reading not the sake of an assignment but the for the sake of pleasure, studies show that student who read fun entertainment performed better in test in terms of grammar, vocabulary and organizing ideas that those who taught grammar.I agree with you that offering the students the opportunity to read what appeals them and attracts their attention is very beneficial and rewarding but this lead the students to stick to one genre, how do you make the students read different genres and keeping them motivated. I think teachers should from time to time oblige students to read certain books, I asked my students to grad of their choice and start to read, the read but complained and gave excusses that the face difficulty in reading such as understanding vocabulary, lack of books in the school library but I offered prized for reading, I mean every student gets a prize when they read , my question is how do I motivate my students to read without offering prizes ? thanks Dr. Steven Krashen for the talk, well presented
Why do you need the students to learn different genres? Most books, whatever genre they're in, are going to get students to at least a high intermediate or even advanced level. Also, if the students are reading what they enjoy, why do they need a prize? By giving a prize, you're basically telling students that reading is not fun. The result of that is that, once the learning program is over, they will regard reading as a chore.
Thank you for this! I grew up with SSR in my education. I agree with you that is is very important. My grandchildren"s school supply list is an I Pad and earphones, for the "Podcasts" they will listen to! Very sad!
Krashen is big supporter of audio books. So just use their i pads to buy e books and get them into audio books. As long it is entertaining they will love it.
How about for students and teachers who still use the direct/ grammar method even though studies show that alternative methods such as FVR prove to outperform them?
Humans have been around for around 100,000 years and have only had writing for the last 10,000 years, and yet, we managed to do just fine with pictures and the spoken word.
I read somewhere that kids in Sweden don't start to read until they are seven years old and by the time they are nine, they outperform their counterparts in the UK, who have been reading twice as long as the students in Sweden. It's hard to explain this using the "Comprehensible Input" method, because I learnt to read in the UK and I did so by reading "Compresensible" and enjoyable books. I posit that 'maturity' has a lot to do with a kid's ability to acquire a language using "Cempresensible input".
Hi are there any tips to switch from simple books like graded readers to real books. I can read & understand book for English learners all levels but if i try standars book than most of the words are unknown for me. Tried startrek, harry potter, sawyer etc. Can you recommend something more advanced than books for learners but still quite simple to still have fun with reading ?
Bravo, Stephen Krashen. Keep talking the talk, and walking the walk. You and the USDOE are so out-of-sync--but you are much more in sync with what will help children than the USDOE.
I’ve spoken to university professors and they all agree that entering college students lack the proficiency in reading and writing vs those students 20 years ago.
The problem is that you need to already be pretty good in the language to be able to read a book. Am learning russian and there is absolutely no book I can read yet.
So okay , ph. Dr. Stephen krashen in first I like to say thank you but I have question and I ask you about How we can built up Ability's reading when we can read by understand what we read . I guess that you think when we read should be we guess the meaning of words
لَم أجِد متعة أكبر من متعة قراءة القرآن الكريم ..يُهدّئ الغاضِب ، يثري زاد اللّغة و المعرفة ..قال أحدهم : كلّما ابتعد الإنسان عن القرآن الكريم تشوّهتْ شخصيّته ..الحال ما نعيش من قسوة وَ فوضى في العالَم بأسره
Hi are there any tips to switch from simple books like graded readers to real books. I can read & understand book for English learners all levels but if i try standars book than most of the words are unknown for me. Tried startrek, harry potter, sawyer etc. Can you recommend something more advanced than books for learners but still quite simple to still have fun with reading ? BR
Do your books have language drills in them or just stories to read. More specifically I am wondering if, by Krashens definitions, you advocate learning or acquiring a language?
@@45VikvikI don’t remember exactly in what lecture but I followed his recommendation and found the cartoon in UA-cam, he cartoon is fine if you are a kid but I recommend you some compelling for you something you like a lot I mean I love airplanes and astronomy and science fiction those are my areas of interest you need to figuriout what is your area of interest and read and watch videos about that and most important spend almost 6 hours averyday doing that
In other videos I've watched with Professor Krashen about second language acquisition, he recommends watching movies in the language you're learning. So I suspect he'd say yes.
It's too low. I had to listen to it with good headphones and all the volume up. Anyway, very instructive talk, though he gave a similiar talk a few years ago here in Colombia. Thanks for posting this vid. I'm an avid reader or Dr. Krashen's research and I consider myself his disciple.
The more you read, the more you become proficient in the language. very useful talk
Who would have thought...
@@JapanischErfahren Yeah, somehow like in your native language…🤔
@@JapanischErfahren It’s my impression that most schools focus on memorization by rote. If that’s the case, and language learning keeps failing to teach its students, then such talks are important
I wonder.
However, it does increase your efficiency in reading
Try to read quality writers.
@Salma Elmabrouk
U r frum wher binti ; )
💕😉
What a wonderful professor, a real teacher who loves what he teaches and who he teaches!
This video made me think of a great organization called Reading is Fundamental. I donate regularly to them. The organization gives new books to children that may not be able to afford them or their parents won't buy them. I think this video has a lot of proof that it works!
+bumblesby Thank you for this - sounds like a really valuable organisation. Krashen says, "Children of poverty have practically no access to books" - the rest of us are worrying about broadband!
If you were in Russia, you would get all the books and audiobooks you want on your computer just for $5/month.
Of course, what children read is also of utmost importance.
@@knpstrr they read karl marx and become communist
I grew up on these commercials. Even say it to this day. R.I.F. Reading Is Fundamental
I've heard Dr. Steven Krashen from Effortless English by AJ Hoge. He inspired me to read more.
me too :-) great guys both of them!
me too :)
Link please
+Lui Rock me too
it inspired me to read books in english, like goosebumps and stephen king's books
wow i am a member of effortless english too and can you give me some link of children book or novel book on internet?
nice to meet you
45:40 bilingual, reading...and cofee keeps the brain young
Sit down have a nice cup of coffee and read a book with an another language!! Yes I can do these three things. And I like all of those!! Thank you.
Reading is like planting seeds. Reading is so rewarding, empowering and beneficial. Because the planted seeds have our brain as recipient. Watch your seeds!
This is definitely true, I was barely able to read growing up due to undiagnosed learning issues and an inability to get my eyes to focus on the same place on the page. I'd look down a the page and there was no guarantee that what I'd be reading would be literally on the page. Frequently, it would be a random assortment of the words that were there. So, I wouldn't qualify as completely illiterate, I could still read, I just couldn't count on anything that I wrote or read being an accurate reflection of what was on the paper.
I did eventually manage to get over that with a lot of time and patience, but it wasn't until I was in my 30s that I could really read the range of topics that a college educated individual should.
what was the solution?
@@chickcorea7561Eye patch?
June 10, 2022
The candid, evocative speech; the interwoven humour; the audience inclusion: all impeccable!
I definitely agree that READING is fundamental for getting linguistic and communicative competence
That was excellent. Stephen is as amusing as he is brilliant.
Hi. We produced this video in house when Dr. Krashen paid a visit. It's only available via this channel.
No problem, I have uploaded it to my channel!
@@equwalequwal2042That's disgusting
My name is Rosmina Zuchri live in Indonesia. The power is reading very good, your explanation very clear. Thanks.
This lecture is wonderful! Really inspiring and educational.
19:56 - 20:40 on READING
Thank you Dr. Krashen!! You are amazing.
When reading, you will get the constant review of high frequency (most often used) words and due to this constant review, in the process, memorize the meaning of these words. For low frequency words that only pop up several times in a whole book, you have to take additional measures to memorize them and I suggest using Anki to make these words comprehensible. By Krashens theory, comprehensibility is required for learning to occur. If you have an understanding of what the word means, then you can gain an understanding of how it is used by reading, i.e., getting compehensible input.
Hi are there any tips to switch from simple books like graded readers to real books. I can read & understand book for English learners all levels but if i try standars book than most of the words are unknown for me. Tried startrek, harry potter, sawyer etc. Can you recommend something more advanced than books for learners but still quite simple to still have fun with reading ?
@@stasiekkowalski6411 You may have already closed the gap. But I've been recommended reading books meant for native speaking kids in 2nd or 3rd grade. Books that seem like they might be too easy but at the same time still have that 5% of unknown words that you will absorb naturally through context. After a few of those, you can gradually increase in complexity
It strikes you as true at first, but here is the thing: I believe I have a decent vocabulary in my first language, and I have NEVER done anything like that. I just read a lot as a kid. Clearly, there is a way around, and I believe it is reading multiple books by the same author and absorbing his idiom. This way you get the repetitions of words that are very rare in the language in general.
@@stasiekkowalski6411I would suggest to read what you really want to read even if it’s difficult and the process might be slow at the beginning. Just keep reading and eventually you’ll end up being good at it. In my opinion you’ll never be completely ready to read and understand everything unless you start doing that. It’s been working for me and I’m still doing that. I can’t read books for kids or other silly stuff I just read what I like. It’s like getting into cold water if you do that slowly by putting your toes first and slowly progressing it’ll take a long time to get used to it. It’s way more better just to jump into it right away.
I really like the lecture. Thanks to the ones who made it available to watch for us. For the content, as an English teacher, he doesn't say anything new: The more you read, the more you become proficient in the language. However, the way he lectures attracted my attention. His cool style is something other professors should acquire.
17:11 reading research. 10 months sustain audio reading? Audio lingual; sustain silence reading; share boom experience
Krashen is the GOAT
Amazing! Never realized how much reading as a child served me
Absolutely amazing, formative, humorous, catchy....
Such an informed and humorous lecture. Thanks!
Very interesting, very true that reading does expand the brain capacity. Thank you very much for researching this and giving a talk on the subject.
Very beautiful soul. Thanks you sir Stephen Krashen. I really enjoyed this lecture and I learned:
1. SSR
2. School Libraries
3. Books availability
we owe you so much...
Great and amazing talk, I wonder if we will have high quality talks in the future
This talk put a smile on my face
In this video, Krashen discusses the importance of reading as an example of the comprehensible input. I tried this with my teenagers students, but most of them found it hard at the beginning especially when the encounter lots of new vocabulary. However, this problem quite disappeared when I asked them to choose books that does not have lots of new vocabulary. How about young learners who do not like reading and prefer to keep moving and playing around? How do we motivate them?
omaad anwar Garfield and Captain Underpants clearly
Do not make.them read. They need another kind of comprehensible input such as songs or graphics
The material has to be comprehensible. That means the students are almost at the point of full comprehension, so that they can understand the new vocabulary by its context. Regarding young kids, how about cartoons in the target language
Best start by reading to them. Tell them you have a very interesting and funny story to tell them.
If they like they can take turn adding parts to the story.
Get them to choose books. Kids will naturally read if they are surrounded by books and have time.
Thank you professor
I am going to write an article on the Reading for pleasure and I want children in my country will learn any language especially English without much effort ❤❤❤
Prof Krashen, sir, your talks have changed my life and my whole perspective. I owe you a lot sir. Btw my BA is in English Language and Literature. Blessings!
What have you learned?
So Tutu read comics. Me? I owe my love for English and reading to a school activity involving the SRA Reading Laboratory. That is first hand proof to me that SSR works. The best motivator for reading is reading itself indeed. One might say the SRA is reading gamified.
I can also attest to the power of school libraries because I loved hanging out there when I was in elementary school.
This is such a good lecture and I learned a lot even though it's from 2012 and times have changed.
Came here to learn more about the psychology of learning and acquiring information. This is a great speech/lecture.
I feel like many of us already have the intuition about the benefits of reading, we're just lazy to experience them ourselves. Hope more people will be reached by this video.
I wish the audio was a little louder though. Would love to hear Mr. Krashen's humor more clearly. Heheh. ☺️
Awesome! I love learning about learning. Have you heard of the book "Learning how to Learn" by Barbara Oakley and Terrence Sejnowski? It's an amazing book and they also made a free online course on Coursea with the name title.
thanks a lot Dr Krashen for your brilliant lecture I really liked it and my thanks extends for the program because it helps me a lot to preparer my classes at University where I teach Didactic as subject for English teachers'trainee
35:50 one positive experiences makes a difference
Where can I find the study Dr Krashen talks about starting minute 38.40. He talks about the multiple regression analyses. I would like to read the study and use it as a reference in my paper. Thank you so much!
marvelous works and advice. thanks a lot.
Thank you so much, Dr Krashen, this was so interesting and, if it were necessary, summed up all that Steve Kaufman has taught us at LingQ.
How briliant you are sir, i wish i could be like you thank you for your valuable information
Mereeeed؟ 😍😘⚘ ; )
JrOoowl
Gat fb
This take is present By Stephen Krashen about reading, he used a term Free Voluntary Reading FVR and Sustained Silent Reading SSR, the mean reading not the sake of an assignment but the for the sake of pleasure, studies show that student who read fun entertainment performed better in test in terms of grammar, vocabulary and organizing ideas that those who taught grammar.I agree with you that offering the students the opportunity to read what appeals them and attracts their attention is very beneficial and rewarding but this lead the students to stick to one genre, how do you make the students read different genres and keeping them motivated. I think teachers should from time to time oblige students to read certain books, I asked my students to grad of their choice and start to read, the read but complained and gave excusses that the face difficulty in reading such as understanding vocabulary, lack of books in the school library but I offered prized for reading, I mean every student gets a prize when they read , my question is how do I motivate my students to read without offering prizes ?
thanks Dr. Steven Krashen for the talk, well presented
Why do you need the students to learn different genres? Most books, whatever genre they're in, are going to get students to at least a high intermediate or even advanced level. Also, if the students are reading what they enjoy, why do they need a prize? By giving a prize, you're basically telling students that reading is not fun. The result of that is that, once the learning program is over, they will regard reading as a chore.
Thank you for this! I grew up with SSR in my education. I agree with you that is is very important. My grandchildren"s school supply list is an I Pad and earphones, for the "Podcasts" they will listen to! Very sad!
Krashen is big supporter of audio books.
So just use their i pads to buy e books and get them into audio books.
As long it is entertaining they will love it.
One of the best teacher ❤❤love u
He sounds like a grumpy grandpa. LOVE IT
How about for students and teachers who still use the direct/ grammar method even though studies show that alternative methods such as FVR prove to outperform them?
What about audiobooks? I love listening to audiobooks, are they as good? Or is it best to read hands down?
Humans have been around for around 100,000 years and have only had writing for the last 10,000 years, and yet, we managed to do just fine with pictures and the spoken word.
I read somewhere that kids in Sweden don't start to read until they are seven years old and by the time they are nine, they outperform their counterparts in the UK, who have been reading twice as long as the students in Sweden.
It's hard to explain this using the "Comprehensible Input" method, because I learnt to read in the UK and I did so by reading "Compresensible" and enjoyable books.
I posit that 'maturity' has a lot to do with a kid's ability to acquire a language using "Cempresensible input".
31:11 actually, you have to try: book and time AND book, time and tests AND book time and prices.
Hi are there any tips to switch from simple books like graded readers to real books. I can read & understand book for English learners all levels but if i try standars book than most of the words are unknown for me. Tried startrek, harry potter, sawyer etc. Can you recommend something more advanced than books for learners but still quite simple to still have fun with reading ?
Enjoy this so much!
42:00 conclusión: biblioteca
Good lecture from Professor Bernie Sanders 💯
thank you, Professor!
Mind-blowing lecture, couldn't agree more!
I loved it!!
It doesn't take a guy with a doctors degree to point ot that the grammar model of language teaching is a dismal failure.
But it takes a guy with a doctors degree to prove it scientifically and find a better alternative. Sadly, it's been 50 years and not much has changed.
@@marcelolira7234 yes, I agree.
The question is what do we do about it.
Bravo, Stephen Krashen. Keep talking the talk, and walking the walk. You and the USDOE are so out-of-sync--but you are much more in sync with what will help children than the USDOE.
Hahaha Sweet Valley High one of my favorite to read when I was in High Scholl...
23:30 ;sustained silent reading really works
38:00 factores forma reading
Amazing Teacher
interesting... Can you use that 'punished by rewards' concept to eliminate bad habits?
Muchas gracias
35:00 reading aloud
Professor Krashen is fantastic!
Thanks for the video. It has helped me in such reading skills
Are you Stephen Krashen?....
I have read about you in my M.A. English syllabus....
Oh man, listening to those Adam Sandler and Bill Cosby references in 2020 was painful.
38:00 intnl Pearls examination
I’ve spoken to university professors and they all agree that entering college students lack the proficiency in reading and writing vs those students 20 years ago.
The problem is that you need to already be pretty good in the language to be able to read a book.
Am learning russian and there is absolutely no book I can read yet.
I suck at English and even then I try to read books. Programs like LWT are really helpful, maybe you should look for it
This lecture isnt about learning another language. This seminar was for teachers who wanted to improve literacy rates
Protecc dis man at all cost!
So okay , ph. Dr. Stephen krashen in first I like to say thank you but I have question and I ask you about How we can built up Ability's reading when we can read by understand what we read . I guess that you think when we read should be we guess the meaning of words
35:00 read out loud
It starts at 0:41.
8:15 reading
Where do these videos come from? I would like to know so I can check the credibility and find more of these historic videos 😁
Thanks for the englısh subtıtles and possıbılıtıes to auto translate ın vıdeo.
32:10
41:39 keep brain young
لَم أجِد متعة أكبر من متعة قراءة القرآن الكريم ..يُهدّئ الغاضِب ، يثري زاد اللّغة و المعرفة ..قال أحدهم : كلّما ابتعد الإنسان عن القرآن الكريم تشوّهتْ شخصيّته ..الحال ما نعيش من قسوة وَ فوضى في العالَم بأسره
Hi are there any tips to switch from simple books like graded readers to real books. I can read & understand book for English learners all levels but if i try standars book than most of the words are unknown for me. Tried startrek, harry potter, sawyer etc. Can you recommend something more advanced than books for learners but still quite simple to still have fun with reading ?
BR
Do your books have language drills in them or just stories to read. More specifically I am wondering if, by Krashens definitions, you advocate learning or acquiring a language?
Dr. wich are the cartoons that you recommend i heard it from you in one talk but i cant remember.
at one presentation he recommended 'regular show'
In one lecture about language acquisition
@@javieruriel yes, for some reason in one of the videos he recommended this cartoon in a reason. i gonna send the link if i can find it
@@45VikvikI don’t remember exactly in what lecture but I followed his recommendation and found the cartoon in UA-cam, he cartoon is fine if you are a kid but I recommend you some compelling for you something you like a lot I mean I love airplanes and astronomy and science fiction those are my areas of interest you need to figuriout what is your area of interest and read and watch videos about that and most important spend almost 6 hours averyday doing that
21:35 cree journal
36:30 make dure they hace accesos to books
3 cups of coffee a day? I feel nervous after one cup in the morning 🥲
Thank you sir for such a great talk!
Ten years later, yet schools still haven’t changed the way they teach...
24:45 libros en pobreza
32:52
Add interval walking to help avoid dementia. Just don’t walk and read at the same time. lol
45:40 desmentía
good stuff.
I agree.
25:00
I'll subscribe for more
14:20 resultados
How much reading would be enough per day,
10 minutes a day
Awesome
Does listening to books count as reading?
In other videos I've watched with Professor Krashen about second language acquisition, he recommends watching movies in the language you're learning. So I suspect he'd say yes.
I have a question, how blind people get comprehensible input? How they learn the language?
speed of lyte sorry I mean blind people.
Or they could read in the Braille alphabet.
@@ChrisBadges that is a separate language in itself.
Audiobooks
Anyone else having trouble with the audio in the video?
Hello. I've checked and the audio seems intact. Can you describe the problem you're having?
It's too low. I had to listen to it with good headphones and all the volume up. Anyway, very instructive talk, though he gave a similiar talk a few years ago here in Colombia. Thanks for posting this vid. I'm an avid reader or Dr. Krashen's research and I consider myself his disciple.