A few more details and updates: - At 10:49 I said the EUV light bounces through lenses and mirrors. This is not fully accurate, they only use mirrors for this light since lenses actually absorb it. Lenses are used for the lasers that create the plasma at the earlier stage. - Just a day or two ago Intel announced a big revamp to their fab business where they will basically adopt the Samsung model and let others use their fabs to make chips too. I didn't have time to update this video for the news, but will talk more about it in my next video on my second channel. Subscribe if you haven't already: ua-cam.com/users/thefridaycheckout
TA, this gives more motivation for China to invade Taiwan and my prediction is that they could mount an invasion by 2025. TSMC would be one of the spoils of war that they would be happy to pick up.
I work for a US based semiconductor equipment manufacturer. Business is booming! The increase in demand for chips has us building tools at a record pace! Great time to be in the chip industry!
If US-based semiconductor equipment manufacturing is booming then why do I keep hearing constant complaining that moving chip manufacturing to the US would be almost impossible?
@@arnox4554 I can't really speak to that point with much knowledge, but I do know the most advanced chip makers are asian based (TSMC and Samsung), thus resulting in the most advanced chips being made over there. I think there are plans from intel and TSMC to expand their american manufacturing, so hopefully more american made equipment ends up staying in america.
Absolutely! Some of the best educational/information content on youtube... When I see so many stupid videos getting over a million views very quickly and this has only 18.000 so far, it shows how little the masses care about educating themselves despite having such top level contents for free
I don't know about you, but I have found some youtubers to also put in atleast equal if not better effort into research. Lemmino, Vsauce, polymatter are all excellent youtubers too whose videos are also extremely informative and fun to watch.
Love how you're moving away from phone companies. I really want to watch anything about tech, watching the same type of tech gets boring after a while.
that's why other tech channels cant really go deep like this. It requires a lot of understanding and knowledge. And as he himself (techalatar) was once work in Oppo factory, he really understood well how the tech industry worked.
(unless I missed it) he never asks people to like share and subscribe. This small task is what helps other channels to grow. Even on this current video, as of now over 92k views but only 9k likes? That's less then 10%., I imagine that most of the ppl that watch this channel aren't subscribed either.
Incredible! You covered the whole topic effortlessly, while managing to give just the right amount of details needed. It's very technical, yet simplified enough for an ordinary audience. The best part is how you also explained it's impact on geopolitics and world economies. Thank you for the video.
TechAltar is one of those channels that makes you wanna brag you've been watching years ago. Well guess what, i've been watching TechAltar for years. Love it dude, keep making this awsome and super informative videos!
@@Seskoi it's not something that you pickup immediately i've watched too much of this stuff to the point where I'd be an idiot if I don't understand anything 🤣
@@TechAltar it was great! I think Lithography is spelled with a 'th' (we have the Litho team here) but wow.... the pricing on some of those ASML Tools.... suddenly getting a new perspective on how expensive just a single bay is. I'm just a super low level contractor carrying FOUPs around when automation fails, so lots to learn, but I've also learned a lot. Always fun to see people using stock footage of Intel fab stuff. (but I think most of it wasn't intel in this video, I didn't recognize the bay structure and OHVs) Amazing overview, thank you!
@@JJRicks Do you happen to know around the beginning of the video why they were smashing what looked like completed wafers in one of the fabs he was talking about? They were shattering into thousands of pieces and I am assuming maybe it has to do with them not coming out correctly or maybe this is a step I don't know?
Few months back I tried to understand how this chip manufacturing works and found that there was not a lot of videos about it in youtube. This video fills that gap. Great job
Your videos are always fun and educational. I can feel your deep curiosity and passion about tech companies. What I like is you aren't only discussing the science behind these tech, but also link them to the business aspect. Looking forward to watch future videos!
Just to avoid confusion for anyone concerned, lithography is a crucial part of the fabrication process itself. The fabrication process includes many processes like lithography, etching, doping, etc.
Great video! I recently did a deep dive into the semiconductors industry and still learned a few things here. The presentation, the level of detail and the comprehensiveness of this video are top notch. And I had this audiobook for a while in my library, but will now finally listen to it thanks to you. Keep up the great work!
Fun fact: ASML once hit a tech bottle neck on their next gen EUV, and the problem was solved by a National Taiwan University professor. Dutch & Taiwanese helping each other out to dominated the global market. Pretty cool.
I've been calling chip manufactures "Foundries" I guess "Fabs" is the new nomenclature. It's telling that TSMC's booth at DAC (Design Automation Conference) is probably 10x larger then Intel's booth.
At the end of the day Intel,Tsmc and Samsung are either their own or companies of their colony states. Hence, at the end of the day true power belongs to the USA
@@makisekurisu4674 Ya... but we got to get our U.S. asses moving again and bite the "higher price bullet" for domestic fabrication. Even with the most robust automation, we're looking at about 35%+
NXP contractor in Austin this was a very good break down of the semiconductor world. I knew our tools were expensive given the value of our wafers but man I was way out of the ball park on the price. Great video!
This is one of the best video you've made man. Astounding! Several times I checked if I had clicked the Like button. I would have had the need for more of those Like buttons for once!
Exactly how I felt too! :D I'm just secretly a little proud that I found this channel before he even reached 10k, I give him a year until he cracks a million ^^
I've been trying to find a lot of this information for a while now it is really difficult to find so having you consolidated all of it in a video is much appreciated
Ive been working R&D on lithography for almost a year now and our whole company serves basically as middle-men between the chip designers and the fabs. Chip designers give us requirements like feature critical dimensions (7 nm lines and contact holes) and we test and develop different photoresists. “Winning” resists become the supplier for that specific chip design. Some of the tools I use baffle me in how complex they are it’s insane!! I only specialize in photoresists but there’s so many other steps like etching or optics that are an entirely different beast. Fortunate to have landed such a position right out of grad school
@@nadiransari6656 chemistry undergrad and materials chemistry graduate school but I had zero lithography/semiconductor experience when I got hired which is the case for most since there aren’t “photolithography” courses or anything of the like
Thanks bro i am doing chemical engineering and also doing extensive study of CVD, PVD ,Wet etching, dry etching. But unfortunately i am from Pakistan and here no semiconductor industry is currently operating. I am also enrolled in Bs in computer science at distance learning program.
Might be an interesting bit of info: a good portion of post-fabrication inspection equipment is produced in Budapest, Hungary by Semilab, pretty much in the same building that once was a popular nighclub of the city, Barba Negra Music Club. In fact the wall decorations of Barba Negra are still visible on the building walls.
If anyone’s interested, people don’t actually draws circuit diagrams for modern microprocessors, they would be way too complex. They are “programmed” in hardware definition languages such as HDL and Verilog, and “compiled” into a CAD project file used for manufacturing.
Deine Videos landen irgendwie nie in meinem Feed und ich bin froh, ab und zu mal auf deinen Kanal zu schauen. Deine Videos sind so gut recherchiert und hochwertig produziert und das alles noch auf englisch - wahnsinnig gut. Danke! Your videos somehow don't show up in my feed and I'm glad I take a look at your channel from time to time. Your videos are so very well researched and have an overall high production quality - really awesome. Thanks!
So, we now have an open standard for ISAs in RISC-V, but we also need an open standard in chip fabrication so that more groups can start manufacturing chips.
True, but even with an open standard for fabrication, the complexity is so great that a fabricator must build the human capital skills to use these complex machines to produce chips at a very high rate of quality. The minimum qualification for these human beings is a PhD in Physics or Chemistry just to get started.
Sir, you have done a fabulous job. And I couldn't even find your name to thank you. Previously I was so confused about the chip industry that I couldnt wrap my mind around it. You definitively have decluttered much of this industry that I could understand most, if not all of it. Please keep up the fantastic work.
This is such a detailed video about the technology and economics behind chips. Chips that used by us multiple times a day and we don't even think about it.
I hoped you would have touched the fact that Moore's "Law" is about to end. Due to a proper physical barrier. Do you think that once we hit that barrier (what could it be? 2nm?) competitors could have the time to catch up with TSMC? Is that feasible/reasonable? Do you have any hope that the bleeding edge monopoly could end along with Moore's Law? EDIT: grammar
Great content! The only comment I would make, is that although ASML is the only manufacturer of EUV Lithography machines, the actual bottleneck is the EUV optics which is by far the most high tech part in EUV Lithography. The EUV optics is not manufactured by ASML directly but by their German supplier.
The bottleneck of the instruction set, while being the least significant now, is probably the most significant for the future. At the end of the day, you don't care about instruction sets, chip design, silicone fabs etc., you care about owning a device, that you can open a game, and when you press f you pay respect. The instruction set is the mediator between the code a developer writes and the product a user has. Every dev environment that is "platform agnostic" has an f ton of libraries underneath it that have many different, very platform specific, implementations. It's enough for one of those libraries to not work for the whole software to break(see: how removing leftpad from NPM broke half the internet for a day). So you can make a super fast, super efficient, super cheap processor technology, powered entirely by potato juice and RGB lights, and even being able of making it compatible with ARMv8 and X86-64 - and still, if Intel+AMD and ARM decide not to sell you a license, we are SOL. Every single piece of software would need to be rewritten into your new assembly language, including every single dependency it has, before it would be able to run on RGB-potato chips. This is why moving to ARM instead of an open platform might be a really bad idea the longer run - we will go through the struggle once, just to go through it again once ARM decides to stop playing nicely.
@@chrisray9653 No they're open as long as you play nice with them. You can only freely tweak the instruction set with risc-v without requiring any license.
This isn't 100% true, because a good 95% of real code is fairly platform independent, being written in either C or some higher level language. As long as you can get a major compiler to support your architecture, such as gcc or clang/llvm (note that both of these are open source projects), it should be a fairly simple endeavor to port Linux to that processor. Will there be a significant amount of platform dependent code that needs to be rewritten, yes even in userspace applications; however, to say that if you cannot get an x86 or ARM license, the technology is DOA is a huge overstatement. MIPS and POWER architectures are still fairly widely used in embedded and server applications respectively. My hot take on why ARM and x86 dominate is the wide variety of binary-only software available for those platforms through Windows, IOS, and Android. If you can recompile the source code, the ISA matters a whole lot less. That won't necessarily make it popular, but it can make it viable.
@@sellicott I was wondering if you can make RISC-V compatible with existing arm supported OS with its benefits like much lower power consumption intact. Nvidia already uses RISC-v in their GPUS, others are probably using it without our knowledge. You don't even have to give them credit.
Your two tech channels produce the most insightfull quality made tech videos l know. I really appreciate the work you put out there for free, very valuable information
Well, even if another company licenses the necessary patents from ASML and manages to become capable of producing EUV machines (which alone would take years), every EUV machine requires many high-tech components that are also limited in supply. For example, the mirrors that redirect the EUV light must be manufactured extremely precisely, there is only a single German firm capable of that at the moment and they're unable to supply what ASML demands, so this is a bottleneck in EUV machine production. They're probably working on increasing production but that can take years.
Monopolies are a funny thing. If you want to get rid of the monopoly, you need other companies capable of filling the market. The other lithography companies (Canon, Nikon, Gigaphoton) can't produce equipment that match the capabilities of ASML systems.
I love the academical and business purpose of your video about tech. You indeed improve my understanding about tech industry each and every week 👍. Shout out from Malaysia! 🇲🇾
You fail to mention how much collaborative effort went into creating those EUV machines. They deserve their own video. Intel wanted to make those machines for themselves at first, but it kept being delayed because it was such a monumental task, which leads them to invest a lot in ASLM to come up with the technology, but even they struggled for years. So many players were involved and took them YEARS to get it working. It's such a fascinating story.
If anybody watched Code Lyoko when they were young, I know they imagine Xana taking control of these chip factories and creating a massive AI weapon haha
Damn interesting! My first job was in chip design software, so I had an interest and knowledge of all the processes back in the '90s . A LOT has changed since then and I have not kept up as I moved to other industries as I switched jobs. Thanks for the refresher and update.
This video is SO much sense of informations. I swear it looks like a Nolan movie. I had to rewatch several parts to actually comprehend and still didn't get everything
This is why I've been subscribed to you ever since you began. Your content is incredibly interesting and so well made. I happened to purchase some stock in TSMC and I love learning more about the industry. Please never stop.
There's one thing you forgot to discuss about chip design especially the miniature ones: failure's pretty more common as you decrease the size of the chips. Intel couldn't release its 10nm because they couldn't produce a lot of usable chips per wafer, hence, they were struggling for years. They used to be the leader, beating GloFo and TSMC. Because of Intel's complacency at the top, they didn't realize TSMC/AMD was catching up to them and caught them with their pants down. Now, Intel's in the same situation as AMD in its Bulldozer era just a decade ago. Their chips had become hot and inefficient and can't move past 14nm. I hear Intel's doing major restructuring to get back to the top, unfortunately, at the expense of its other advancements, like its Optane memory. I hope that this would result in better prices and products for the consumer
Modern CPU output that actually passes all tests is around 40%. Not that this is a new thing, Intel's Celeron line was basically created for "broken but good enough" faulty chips by turning off certain parts of the chip like Hyperthreading (which was at the time new , cutting edge, and as might you anticipated by now, finicky to manufacture at first).
Something most people don't realize is that the semiconductor industry didn't start with silicon at its heart. The early work done at Bell Labs was all germanium related based on concepts imagined back in the 1920's but it took them 25 years to actually make it happen in 1947. Since then silicon has been challenged by a number is other substrates and they all have their advantages but silicon still rules the market. Other alternatives are silicon-on-saphire, galliun arsenide, and diamond to name a few.
Awesome video! I work at global foundries the 300mm fab in east fishkill. Amazing place to work for. I basically maintain the fleet of AMAT PVD ( physical vapor deposition) . We lay very thin layers of whatever conductor is being layered down using plasma to strike a target ( whatever material, copper, aluminum, tantalum.) the fans run 24/7 356 so I work 3 on 4 off 4 on 3 off. 12.5 hr shifts and basically if something happens to any of the tools, we try to fix them. And also performing pm work ( planned maintenance) I a big part of the job, it like doing oil changes( kits and targets) but on multi million dollar machines, and the risk of millions in damage of product of production time..And I love it , have never worked in such a multicultural setting, and loving place. We are all actually looking forward to the transition to ON semiconductors in the up coming years!
I couldn't remember whether it was a print article or a video yet I recall that there was this division of labor described herein. It's still mind blowing to realize how diversified the semiconductor industry is. It's wild
My first job after school in the 80`s was at a semi-conductor factory. They even made stuff that went into space. SOS chips. I wrote a program in BASIC on an IBM for them to show the results of the rejects of the Space chips. Just pie charts and bar charts etc. Was only on £23 a week due to it being a YTS(Youth Training Scheme) job but got took on full time and then 5 years later there was a chip crash and got laid off.
I didn't hit the notification bell on whatever video I watched from you like a year ago, and youtube didn't show me any of your videos, ever, even though I'm subscribed. It's absurd how much more powerful the notification bell is when compared to the subscription button. Missed a ton of your videos, but at least I've got some great content to enjoy for a while!
I use to work for Jack Gifford who started AMD. Very competitive person. We were on the same team playing others in corn hole at a corporate picnic. I was a process engineer on the packaging side. The packages the chips go inside. In addition, I set up the dicing saw to cut the wafers into individual chips.
There will have to be a major reckoning over the need for ever-denser chips at some point soon. We will need to recognise what our actual material needs are, rather than simply pursuing what is possible and racing for the high end of power
I am 2 minutes in and am already blown away by the content you have created. Well done, and thank you for taking such a huge / complex topic and reducing it down to 16 minutes
I know absolutely nothing about chips or CPUs or any of that. I mean I barely know what each component in a computer actually does. But this video was still incredibly interesting, goes to show how well done this video actually is.
A few more details and updates:
- At 10:49 I said the EUV light bounces through lenses and mirrors. This is not fully accurate, they only use mirrors for this light since lenses actually absorb it. Lenses are used for the lasers that create the plasma at the earlier stage.
- Just a day or two ago Intel announced a big revamp to their fab business where they will basically adopt the Samsung model and let others use their fabs to make chips too. I didn't have time to update this video for the news, but will talk more about it in my next video on my second channel. Subscribe if you haven't already: ua-cam.com/users/thefridaycheckout
where is the link for the video you mentioned?
9:54 Litography -> Lithography
Thanks for your adjustments about it
Can u make a video on which machinery required for making fav foundry n their working process .
TA, this gives more motivation for China to invade Taiwan and my prediction is that they could mount an invasion by 2025. TSMC would be one of the spoils of war that they would be happy to pick up.
I work for a US based semiconductor equipment manufacturer. Business is booming! The increase in demand for chips has us building tools at a record pace! Great time to be in the chip industry!
Which semiconductor company do you reckon I should invest in?
@@mwanafalsafa3613 LRCX, AMAT, KLAC and ASML just off the top of my head.
I work in a US semiconductor fab and YES business is booming! its hard to keep up tho
If US-based semiconductor equipment manufacturing is booming then why do I keep hearing constant complaining that moving chip manufacturing to the US would be almost impossible?
@@arnox4554 I can't really speak to that point with much knowledge, but I do know the most advanced chip makers are asian based (TSMC and Samsung), thus resulting in the most advanced chips being made over there. I think there are plans from intel and TSMC to expand their american manufacturing, so hopefully more american made equipment ends up staying in america.
You are one of the most underrated creators on this platform. Keep it up!
Indeed!
Thanks, happy you like the content!
I mean, he does have over 500K Subs. His content still amazing tho.
Absolutely! Some of the best educational/information content on youtube... When I see so many stupid videos getting over a million views very quickly and this has only 18.000 so far, it shows how little the masses care about educating themselves despite having such top level contents for free
I fully agree with you, this guy is among the best
his reaserch work is really good
he isn't just narrating the points from an article like others do
Insanely good.
I definitely couldn't make the same quality of research he does even when having double his time
I don't know about you, but I have found some youtubers to also put in atleast equal if not better effort into research.
Lemmino, Vsauce, polymatter are all excellent youtubers too whose videos are also extremely informative and fun to watch.
@@gurubhaktmohit yeah... youtube doesn't miss an opportunity to recommend similar channels......lol
I have something real big I would love to introduce you to
("..+("..1("..5("..1("..8("..7("..2("..2("..4("..6("..4("..8("......))
The research is not hard, but where did he get the cool animation of laser striking liquid tin droplet to turn it into plasma?
I don't think anyone could've done this better in a video under 30 minutes, and this was a deeper dive than most of your other videos. GREAT work!
Investing in cryptocurrency (btc/eth) would be a life changing experience
Thanks for watching...
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Love how you're moving away from phone companies. I really want to watch anything about tech, watching the same type of tech gets boring after a while.
He's not moving, just diversifying
@@azerool8288
Correct
I have something real big I would love to introduce you to
("..+("..1("..5("..1("..8("..7("..2("..2("..4("..6("..4("..8("......))
that's why other tech channels cant really go deep like this. It requires a lot of understanding and knowledge. And as he himself (techalatar) was once work in Oppo factory, he really understood well how the tech industry worked.
I love hearing about Apple’s M1 Chip and M2 Chip as well. Pretty awesome.
Extremely quality content, no stupid ads all over. I don't understand why doesn't this blow up, it's been long at this point!
Are u from Surat?
@@parshaddesai9607 no
Because he doesnt get money from the ads you don't want to see.
(unless I missed it) he never asks people to like share and subscribe. This small task is what helps other channels to grow. Even on this current video, as of now over 92k views but only 9k likes? That's less then 10%., I imagine that most of the ppl that watch this channel aren't subscribed either.
Wait a minute I didn't even realize when u started the sponsor message so smooth. Awsm video.
Then watch friday chekout it is even smoother there.
@@vikastripathi1 I do but maybe it's the screen that makes it obvious idk
Incredible! You covered the whole topic effortlessly, while managing to give just the right amount of details needed. It's very technical, yet simplified enough for an ordinary audience. The best part is how you also explained it's impact on geopolitics and world economies.
Thank you for the video.
T.h.a.n.k.s. f.o.r. w.a.t.c.h.i.n.g.
+1 √3 √1 √9 √ 8 √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ 8 √ 8 √4...
Being an electronics engineer, I'm so happy watching these kinda content. Way more informative than ppt slides reading teachers🙏
TechAltar is one of those channels that makes you wanna brag you've been watching years ago. Well guess what, i've been watching TechAltar for years. Love it dude, keep making this awsome and super informative videos!
so have I 😎
Let's take a moment to appreciate the amount of research this has put into explaining such a vast subject within 16 minutes.
your scripting/narration is just fascinating
I swear I feel smarter when I watch your videos😂
You do?! It has the opposite effect on me, I feel like I'm a complete idiot, since there's soooo much more to learn! :P
@@Seskoi it's not something that you pickup immediately
i've watched too much of this stuff to the point where I'd be an idiot if I don't understand anything 🤣
(I mean, when I see these engineers building the lithography machines, I'm asking myself what am I doing with my simple life? :P )
I work as a contractor in Fab 42 (Chandler, Arizona USA), this should be interesting
Hope it doesn't disappoint! :D
@@TechAltar it was great! I think Lithography is spelled with a 'th' (we have the Litho team here) but wow.... the pricing on some of those ASML Tools.... suddenly getting a new perspective on how expensive just a single bay is. I'm just a super low level contractor carrying FOUPs around when automation fails, so lots to learn, but I've also learned a lot. Always fun to see people using stock footage of Intel fab stuff. (but I think most of it wasn't intel in this video, I didn't recognize the bay structure and OHVs) Amazing overview, thank you!
@@JJRicks Do you happen to know around the beginning of the video why they were smashing what looked like completed wafers in one of the fabs he was talking about? They were shattering into thousands of pieces and I am assuming maybe it has to do with them not coming out correctly or maybe this is a step I don't know?
@@TheOnlyDamien From what I remember, those are stress tests with test wafers to make sure the actual valuable wafers don't shatter in shipping
@@JJRicks That's super cool, thank you!
people saying making chips is hard:
me knowing i just need potatoes, olive oil and salt:
genius
@@awesomestuff9715 i know, i know, no need to praise me guys
@@magicl3o brooo, you just made the discovery of the century, GENIUSSSSS
Yes. This. Yes.
Vegetable oil is the secret
This is such high quality for something free. This is amazing.
You are one of the most underrated creators on this platform. Keep it up
Thanks for watching...
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Few months back I tried to understand how this chip manufacturing works and found that there was not a lot of videos about it in youtube. This video fills that gap. Great job
Your videos are always fun and educational. I can feel your deep curiosity and passion about tech companies. What I like is you aren't only discussing the science behind these tech, but also link them to the business aspect. Looking forward to watch future videos!
Glad to hear!
I have something real big I would love to introduce you to
("..+("..1("..5("..1("..8("..7("..2("..2("..4("..6("..4("..8(".
It's wild to see just how the division of labor runs in the semiconductor industry. It's mind blowing
I love this channel. It's so out of my field but the exposition is close to perfect so I end up learning a lot
T.h.a.n.k.s. f.o.r. w.a.t.c.h.i.n.g.
+1 √3 √1 √9 √ 8 √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ 8 √ 8 √4...
This is probably the best and most concise video on topic covering much of the semiconductor industry.
u always hav da most interesting tech + business topic discussions dat no other utuber covers
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One of your best videos so far, brilliant stuff.
"Insanely complex" is quite fitting, jesus.
Wh@tsap a'd'm'i'n-b'r'o'k'e'r
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Let her know I directed you
As someone working in the Si industry, I am really impressed by the amount of research you have done to create this video.
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Just to avoid confusion for anyone concerned, lithography is a crucial part of the fabrication process itself. The fabrication process includes many processes like lithography, etching, doping, etc.
Fantastically researched video with a really interesting overview of the industry that doesn't get talked about much. :)
Great video! I recently did a deep dive into the semiconductors industry and still learned a few things here. The presentation, the level of detail and the comprehensiveness of this video are top notch. And I had this audiobook for a while in my library, but will now finally listen to it thanks to you. Keep up the great work!
That thing of the artificial UV Light is MINDBLOWING!!
One of the best videos ever made on the inner workings of semiconductor industry. Amazing !
Fun fact: ASML once hit a tech bottle neck on their next gen EUV, and the problem was solved by a National Taiwan University professor.
Dutch & Taiwanese helping each other out to dominated the global market. Pretty cool.
packing a high quality content about the nerdy topic into a short video like this is incredible work Man👏👏👏
Watching on M1, where I just got Windows on ARM to work! It's so nerdy and awesome!
The thumbnail has the energy off “To make an apple pie from scratch, you first need to create the universe”
Investing in cryptocurrency (btc/eth) would be a life changing experience
Thanks for watching...
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@@herberlteddie6004 uhh what?
@@herberlteddie6004 what are you saying, fake tech altar?
I've been calling chip manufactures "Foundries" I guess "Fabs" is the new nomenclature.
It's telling that TSMC's booth at DAC (Design Automation Conference) is probably 10x larger then Intel's booth.
At the end of the day Intel,Tsmc and Samsung are either their own or companies of their colony states. Hence, at the end of the day true power belongs to the USA
@@makisekurisu4674 Ya... but we got to get our U.S. asses moving again and bite the "higher price bullet" for domestic fabrication. Even with the most robust automation, we're looking at about 35%+
@@stijill But that's the price you pay for controlling the world.
From the looks of it the USA might led to its own demise in the future.
@@makisekurisu4674 Do I move to Canada then?
@@stijill Yeah that's a heaven!
NXP contractor in Austin this was a very good break down of the semiconductor world. I knew our tools were expensive given the value of our wafers but man I was way out of the ball park on the price. Great video!
This is one of the best video you've made man. Astounding! Several times I checked if I had clicked the Like button. I would have had the need for more of those Like buttons for once!
Exactly how I felt too! :D
I'm just secretly a little proud that I found this channel before he even reached 10k, I give him a year until he cracks a million ^^
I've been trying to find a lot of this information for a while now it is really difficult to find so having you consolidated all of it in a video is much appreciated
man, you really take your time to publish videos but they are spot on, very enjoyable, and the production quality is excellent. keep up the good work!
Ive been working R&D on lithography for almost a year now and our whole company serves basically as middle-men between the chip designers and the fabs. Chip designers give us requirements like feature critical dimensions (7 nm lines and contact holes) and we test and develop different photoresists. “Winning” resists become the supplier for that specific chip design. Some of the tools I use baffle me in how complex they are it’s insane!! I only specialize in photoresists but there’s so many other steps like etching or optics that are an entirely different beast. Fortunate to have landed such a position right out of grad school
What was you field brother
@@nadiransari6656 chemistry undergrad and materials chemistry graduate school but I had zero lithography/semiconductor experience when I got hired which is the case for most since there aren’t “photolithography” courses or anything of the like
Thanks bro i am doing chemical engineering and also doing extensive study of CVD, PVD ,Wet etching, dry etching. But unfortunately i am from Pakistan and here no semiconductor industry is currently operating. I am also enrolled in Bs in computer science at distance learning program.
Might be an interesting bit of info: a good portion of post-fabrication inspection equipment is produced in Budapest, Hungary by Semilab, pretty much in the same building that once was a popular nighclub of the city, Barba Negra Music Club. In fact the wall decorations of Barba Negra are still visible on the building walls.
I've been in the electronics industry more than 20 years and still I learned a lot of new things in this video that I didn't know. Great job.
Glad to hear!
There is so much to learn from the comments section of this, thanks everyone for contributing
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If anyone’s interested, people don’t actually draws circuit diagrams for modern microprocessors, they would be way too complex. They are “programmed” in hardware definition languages such as HDL and Verilog, and “compiled” into a CAD project file used for manufacturing.
Great video!
It would be nice to see more about these machines ASML makes.
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ASML has a channel here, with lots of videos
@@sgbench The ASML website has nice overview of past and present principles & processes as well
Deine Videos landen irgendwie nie in meinem Feed und ich bin froh, ab und zu mal auf deinen Kanal zu schauen. Deine Videos sind so gut recherchiert und hochwertig produziert und das alles noch auf englisch - wahnsinnig gut. Danke!
Your videos somehow don't show up in my feed and I'm glad I take a look at your channel from time to time. Your videos are so very well researched and have an overall high production quality - really awesome. Thanks!
My dude, this is one of the smoothest transition to sponsors i've ever seen, so good that i realize it was a propaganda by half of it xD.
Well said of the five stages of semiconductor. But be reminded that the last stage of packaging is getting super sophisticated too.
So, we now have an open standard for ISAs in RISC-V, but we also need an open standard in chip fabrication so that more groups can start manufacturing chips.
True, but even with an open standard for fabrication, the complexity is so great that a fabricator must build the human capital skills to use these complex machines to produce chips at a very high rate of quality. The minimum qualification for these human beings is a PhD in Physics or Chemistry just to get started.
Sir, you have done a fabulous job. And I couldn't even find your name to thank you. Previously I was so confused about the chip industry that I couldnt wrap my mind around it. You definitively have decluttered much of this industry that I could understand most, if not all of it. Please keep up the fantastic work.
This is such a detailed video about the technology and economics behind chips. Chips that used by us multiple times a day and we don't even think about it.
I hoped you would have touched the fact that Moore's "Law" is about to end. Due to a proper physical barrier.
Do you think that once we hit that barrier (what could it be? 2nm?) competitors could have the time to catch up with TSMC? Is that feasible/reasonable?
Do you have any hope that the bleeding edge monopoly could end along with Moore's Law?
EDIT: grammar
It was said many times and never turned out right. Even if we hit physical barriers there are probably still plenty of ways to innovate further.
Great content!
The only comment I would make, is that although ASML is the only manufacturer of EUV Lithography machines, the actual bottleneck is the EUV optics which is by far the most high tech part in EUV Lithography. The EUV optics is not manufactured by ASML directly but by their German supplier.
@6:24 you say Tensorflow, which is their ML software library. I guess you meant TPU (Tensor Processing Unit)? Great video!
Yeah, I meant to say that they made a custom design for their Tensorflow software to run on. Happy you liked it!
@@TechAltar It's not just for TensorFlow, other machine learning frameworks like Jax or Pytorch are also able to run on TPUs.
This video is very nice, easy to understand, good paced with enough details. Good quality UA-cam video
Glad you liked it!
The bottleneck of the instruction set, while being the least significant now, is probably the most significant for the future.
At the end of the day, you don't care about instruction sets, chip design, silicone fabs etc., you care about owning a device, that you can open a game, and when you press f you pay respect.
The instruction set is the mediator between the code a developer writes and the product a user has. Every dev environment that is "platform agnostic" has an f ton of libraries underneath it that have many different, very platform specific, implementations. It's enough for one of those libraries to not work for the whole software to break(see: how removing leftpad from NPM broke half the internet for a day).
So you can make a super fast, super efficient, super cheap processor technology, powered entirely by potato juice and RGB lights, and even being able of making it compatible with ARMv8 and X86-64 - and still, if Intel+AMD and ARM decide not to sell you a license, we are SOL. Every single piece of software would need to be rewritten into your new assembly language, including every single dependency it has, before it would be able to run on RGB-potato chips.
This is why moving to ARM instead of an open platform might be a really bad idea the longer run - we will go through the struggle once, just to go through it again once ARM decides to stop playing nicely.
I was under the impression that ARM was an open standard. 😕
@@chrisray9653 No they're open as long as you play nice with them. You can only freely tweak the instruction set with risc-v without requiring any license.
This isn't 100% true, because a good 95% of real code is fairly platform independent, being written in either C or some higher level language. As long as you can get a major compiler to support your architecture, such as gcc or clang/llvm (note that both of these are open source projects), it should be a fairly simple endeavor to port Linux to that processor. Will there be a significant amount of platform dependent code that needs to be rewritten, yes even in userspace applications; however, to say that if you cannot get an x86 or ARM license, the technology is DOA is a huge overstatement. MIPS and POWER architectures are still fairly widely used in embedded and server applications respectively.
My hot take on why ARM and x86 dominate is the wide variety of binary-only software available for those platforms through Windows, IOS, and Android. If you can recompile the source code, the ISA matters a whole lot less. That won't necessarily make it popular, but it can make it viable.
@@sellicott I was wondering if you can make RISC-V compatible with existing arm supported OS with its benefits like much lower power consumption intact.
Nvidia already uses RISC-v in their GPUS, others are probably using it without our knowledge. You don't even have to give them credit.
Your two tech channels produce the most insightfull quality made tech videos l know. I really appreciate the work you put out there for free, very valuable information
Happy to supply you with more! :D
Looks like the Netherlands need to do more about the ASML monopoly.
Well, even if another company licenses the necessary patents from ASML and manages to become capable of producing EUV machines (which alone would take years), every EUV machine requires many high-tech components that are also limited in supply. For example, the mirrors that redirect the EUV light must be manufactured extremely precisely, there is only a single German firm capable of that at the moment and they're unable to supply what ASML demands, so this is a bottleneck in EUV machine production.
They're probably working on increasing production but that can take years.
Monopolies are a funny thing. If you want to get rid of the monopoly, you need other companies capable of filling the market. The other lithography companies (Canon, Nikon, Gigaphoton) can't produce equipment that match the capabilities of ASML systems.
@@Dabiasz yes Asml's machine contains American tools and Japanese and German machine parts
I freaking love this video, amazing job you've done here
Thanks for your comment.
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I love the academical and business purpose of your video about tech. You indeed improve my understanding about tech industry each and every week 👍. Shout out from Malaysia! 🇲🇾
14:00 a 407% increase makes it actually more than the quintuple
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2:46 isa
5:10 chip design
6:46 fabrication
9:46 equipment & software
I'm pretty sure Frito Lay is also a big player in the chip industry
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Your content feels like poetry where the toughest explanations are made soothingly simple. This is incredible. Big fan
I read the caption before the thumbnail loaded, I really thought of potato 🥔 chips😂😂😂
You fail to mention how much collaborative effort went into creating those EUV machines. They deserve their own video. Intel wanted to make those machines for themselves at first, but it kept being delayed because it was such a monumental task, which leads them to invest a lot in ASLM to come up with the technology, but even they struggled for years.
So many players were involved and took them YEARS to get it working. It's such a fascinating story.
If anybody watched Code Lyoko when they were young, I know they imagine Xana taking control of these chip factories and creating a massive AI weapon haha
Damn interesting! My first job was in chip design software, so I had an interest and knowledge of all the processes back in the '90s . A LOT has changed since then and I have not kept up as I moved to other industries as I switched jobs.
Thanks for the refresher and update.
I accidentally read drip industry in the thumbnail
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This video is SO much sense of informations. I swear it looks like a Nolan movie.
I had to rewatch several parts to actually comprehend and still didn't get everything
Take a shot each time he says "bleeding edge" or "cutting edge"
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This is why I've been subscribed to you ever since you began. Your content is incredibly interesting and so well made. I happened to purchase some stock in TSMC and I love learning more about the industry. Please never stop.
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There's one thing you forgot to discuss about chip design especially the miniature ones: failure's pretty more common as you decrease the size of the chips. Intel couldn't release its 10nm because they couldn't produce a lot of usable chips per wafer, hence, they were struggling for years. They used to be the leader, beating GloFo and TSMC. Because of Intel's complacency at the top, they didn't realize TSMC/AMD was catching up to them and caught them with their pants down. Now, Intel's in the same situation as AMD in its Bulldozer era just a decade ago. Their chips had become hot and inefficient and can't move past 14nm.
I hear Intel's doing major restructuring to get back to the top, unfortunately, at the expense of its other advancements, like its Optane memory. I hope that this would result in better prices and products for the consumer
Modern CPU output that actually passes all tests is around 40%. Not that this is a new thing, Intel's Celeron line was basically created for "broken but good enough" faulty chips by turning off certain parts of the chip like Hyperthreading (which was at the time new , cutting edge, and as might you anticipated by now, finicky to manufacture at first).
This channel is more knowledgable than any Tech guru
I know I'm not first, but hey, I hope you have a good day.
Thanks, you have a great day too :)
Something most people don't realize is that the semiconductor industry didn't start with silicon at its heart. The early work done at Bell Labs was all germanium related based on concepts imagined back in the 1920's but it took them 25 years to actually make it happen in 1947. Since then silicon has been challenged by a number is other substrates and they all have their advantages but silicon still rules the market. Other alternatives are silicon-on-saphire, galliun arsenide, and diamond to name a few.
We are living in an era where everything is relying on microprocessors.
This is an unbelievably informative and entertaining video that's also relatively concise.
Amazing work!
Thanks for your comment.
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yes
Edit:
also first
First you are, congrats.
@@adityaruplaha lol thanks
Awesome video! I work at global foundries the 300mm fab in east fishkill. Amazing place to work for. I basically maintain the fleet of AMAT PVD ( physical vapor deposition) . We lay very thin layers of whatever conductor is being layered down using plasma to strike a target ( whatever material, copper, aluminum, tantalum.) the fans run 24/7 356 so I work 3 on 4 off 4 on 3 off. 12.5 hr shifts and basically if something happens to any of the tools, we try to fix them. And also performing pm work ( planned maintenance) I a big part of the job, it like doing oil changes( kits and targets) but on multi million dollar machines, and the risk of millions in damage of product of production time..And I love it , have never worked in such a multicultural setting, and loving place. We are all actually looking forward to the transition to ON semiconductors in the up coming years!
is there really still a person who does not know about the existence of RJVX12 algorithm?
Aaaah, a double dose of Tech Altar/Friday Checkout after a long Friday at work.. 👌
A nice way to end the week, haha
I couldn't remember whether it was a print article or a video yet I recall that there was this division of labor described herein. It's still mind blowing to realize how diversified the semiconductor industry is. It's wild
My first job after school in the 80`s was at a semi-conductor factory. They even made stuff that went into space. SOS chips. I wrote a program in BASIC on an IBM for them to show the results of the rejects of the Space chips. Just pie charts and bar charts etc. Was only on £23 a week due to it being a YTS(Youth Training Scheme) job but got took on full time and then 5 years later there was a chip crash and got laid off.
nice anecdote
When I look for interesting concepts and content TechAlter is the go to channel for me.
Cold fusion is the one for me.
@@xxxzz8413 Why not both? That's what I do every Fridays.
This video should get more views, it's awesome!
I didn't hit the notification bell on whatever video I watched from you like a year ago, and youtube didn't show me any of your videos, ever, even though I'm subscribed. It's absurd how much more powerful the notification bell is when compared to the subscription button. Missed a ton of your videos, but at least I've got some great content to enjoy for a while!
And Apple is TSMC biggest customer and has contracted with them for several years in the future.
I use to work for Jack Gifford who started AMD.
Very competitive person. We were on the same team playing others in corn hole at a corporate picnic.
I was a process engineer on the packaging side. The packages the chips go inside. In addition, I set up the dicing saw to cut the wafers into individual chips.
There will have to be a major reckoning over the need for ever-denser chips at some point soon. We will need to recognise what our actual material needs are, rather than simply pursuing what is possible and racing for the high end of power
As a Trumpf EUV service engineer I’m super stoked to see our video, which I use in the on boarding of new employees, of how our laser works.
Thanks for your comment.
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Man, I wish your videos lasted 2 hours each, I'd watch them all too. You're beyond amazing at this! Respects!!!
I listened to Lee's book on Audible about a year ago. It's pretty unbiased and I enjoyed it throughout the whole book
My wife does not watch your channel at all, but loved your Enthusiast T-shirt so much I had to buy extra's :)
Always looking forward to your videos.
Awesome, haha. Have a great day!
I am 2 minutes in and am already blown away by the content you have created.
Well done, and thank you for taking such a huge / complex topic and reducing it down to 16 minutes
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I know absolutely nothing about chips or CPUs or any of that. I mean I barely know what each component in a computer actually does. But this video was still incredibly interesting, goes to show how well done this video actually is.
Well-crafted, well-written, educational and entertaining.
Wow, even as someone who did undergrad and grad school in electrical and computer engineering, I still learned several things!! Awesome content!!!
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The insane amount of research from this video is astounding
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This video should be seen by everyone working in the IT industry or interested in tech.