That is the teeniest tiniest part! So great to learn info like this. Sorry about your likely demonetization for this vid, it is so annoying how artistic nudity is being pushed off the internet nowadays.
These one's are a larger scale that they produce. Roughly 54mm or 1/32nd scale. More in line with military miniature collection's, but there'salso larger miniatures, such as 35mm, 75mm, 90mm, 120mm and even 150mm. I have some female ones I need to put together as a commission for someone. Robert has done a great job at casting.
LOVED this video Robert. I do love your sense of humour and the way you explain everything so well. The little guy does indeed have the musculature of a runner and is so perfect as you cast him. Great job. He would be adorable in a resin worked diorama of some kind, perhaps Olympia or some ancient Greek building. Well done in assembling this lovely little guy so well.
Whoa! This is exactly what I needed!! I’m gonna cast a tiny little figure I sculpted and I don’t have a pressure pot. I thought the rule was “vacuum for rubber/silicone, pressure for resin” But now I’m reconsidering… I don’t have a pressure pot but I do have a vacuum chamber somewhere… never used it but hopefully I won’t get hurt lol Thank you!
I very much appreciate that you show the RIGHT way of doing things, and explain WHY they are best done that way. It's nice to watch videos that aren't 75% "oops, I made a mistake."
Fantastic, Robert! It's been a minute or two since I've been in here but your production quality and camera work have improved so much. Yes, I am also one of those people who LOVE the plexiglass front on your mold pours. It also makes my heart swell to see your subscriber count has gone up dramatically. You are a master! : )
This video is amazing! I make and cast minis for tabletop games as a hobby, and I was unfamiliar with this technique. You just saved me a huge amount of time and aggravation. thanks!
Thanks for the great educational content, I watch since early on and wished many more would watch and learn from you. Especially many creative youtubers. It sometimes hurts to watch, Jazza is such a chaotic creativ. Best Wishes from Switzerland
I've often made a U or L shaped mold for tiny thin parts. I put all the parts on one one side of the U or bottom horizontal leg of the L.Then use the empty upright As a filler. If I've sprued and vented the parts right all the air is forced out by the resin as it fills from the bottom and no vacuum needed.
This was really interesting, thanks Robert. As a hobbyist I'm often molding and casting small parts so I may give this a go. I may have to get a resin with a longer pot life though. I find it enough of a challenge to get a cast poured and into the pressure tank sometimes, let alone finding a spare minute to vacuum it as well.
Yeah, I use a flexible resin with a 3 minute potlife at best. I have to use 20ml and 60ml syringes to get the molds filled in enough time to get them into the tank and get the tank up to pressure. If I'm lucky, I will have a few seconds to spare to rotate the mold around prior to putting it into the pot to make sure everything is covered.
@@thurow37 Yeah for a piece that was relatively thin walled (an action figure torso shell) and it sucked. Absolutely sucked and didn't work at all. I use cut block molds for everything now.
@@outpost206 ...bummer. Robert did a push mold for model parts that looked like it did pretty well. Craftsman replicated the results too. There's gotta be a trick to it (probably working time / pot life). I have a few resins that came in yesterday...one has a 2.5 min working time...and so far after 2 attempts I haven't had a good cast...but i may switch to a 8-15 min working time resin here today. Just playing around w the squish molds I had lined up for a job in hopes the resin(s) i got will work. Casting 1/18 figure parts
Amazing as always thank you so much for making these! Sidenote, I miss seeing more of your original sculptures, they're 100% what initially caught my eye and made me start clicking on your videos. Also I think a lot of us really value the stories about specific jobs you did back in the day and the way the industry used to work. It's fascinating and really helpful perspective. Anyway thank you again sensei 🙇🙏✨
Aha, thank you for the video i had this question as to why I haven't seen resin pours vacuumed to remove trapped air. I thought I was missing something but now I know its a valid technique with its own pros and cons. Thank you Robert!
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us! I learned so much from you! I have an absolute blast making molds, over the last year I have made my own crafting show! Thank you Robert! I still need a pressure pot lol Dang bubbles! I'm happy when I get most of the hands to form hahaha God Bless and thank you!
If you set up small parts so you can just stick an inverted wax paper Dixie cup over them with a hole cut in the bottom, then pour silicone in the inverted cup shape, stopping short of filling it all the way to the paper ‘bottom’ you cut the hole in, then you end up with a mold that, when it shrinks, will simply slide a little further down into the constant taper of the Dixie cup until you have Zero flashing lines. I add thin wires to vent details and act as cutting guides for my razor knife to follow when cutting the mold open. Also, if you don’t have a vacuum pump you can eliminate 99% of all bubbles in small resin castings by ‘pouncing’ the surface of the mold cavity with talcum prior to pouring the resin. In this way you can also cast in resins with very fast cure times that won’t allow the leisurely time to fully vacuum and release the vacuum prior to the resting setting. Alternatively, yu can also solve the bubble problem by casting under high pressure
These come from Preiser of Germany called Adam for the Male set or Eva for Female Sold in three schales 1/22,5, 1/24, 1/32 difficult to get and Father expansive as Dell but to Me the best Anatomy Kit on the Market. Love your reaction on nude facts, holy cow where is my Gun? Droped my Crack in Shame.
You made a great product! This is the best video on vacuum casting I have seen! I did vacuum casting at my job. We used a cabinet that was under a vacuum and a 2 part plastic. Smooth On was best! The cabinet had spots for two beakers that would agitate and gassify for about 10 minutes. Then one breaker was timed to pour into the other, agitate and gassify. Then it poured into the mold before it started to kick. We let it gassify in the mold for about three minutes and would manually bump the vacuum pressure to knock out any remaining bubbles. Some mixes required curing in heat before being removed from the mold, other would fully kick very fast at room temp. We used Stoner brand mold release...good stuff! If you got one of those cabinets...you could make some real nice product! Most videos on vacuum casting are amateur hour, but you did a GREAT job! Wierd figures...never seen them before. They may be a casting of modified "Campus Friends" figures. They are very nice though. Figures that look right are hard to find in 1/25 scale. Lots of great 1/35 scale out there from Tamiya and Dragon.
Awesome job sir! I just discovered vacuum casting today, I have never heard of it and the DIY CHAMBER TO TAKE OUT THE BUBBLES IS BRILLIANT! And I can build one like you did instead of importing one. And worrying about a blow out or a slurp out. I WAS SHOCK HOW THERE WERE NO PARTING LINES, IT REALLY LOOKED LIKE INJECTION MOLDED PARTS.
Very cool. Like @nsjenkins, I'd have to use a resin with a fairly long pot life to make this work. I have found a situation where using vacuum with resin is important: Using metal powders. The powders introduce a lot of microscopic air bubbles because they're rough. They then form larger bubbles during the cure; pressure seems to force that formation. My technique is to mix the powder into the 'B' and then vacuum that, avoiding the pot life problem.
Don't apologise for trimming the coners of the molds. Mold makers train themselves to alert to flappy bits of rubber, as a flap folded over can readily hold a parting plane open. Having the noise from the corners removed lets you pay attention to what matters.
3:02 you mention putting in 100 grams of Rubber. Can you share what materials you were using and either a shore or durometer rating of that material? at 4:47 you show bubbles coming up in the mold under vacuum. can you tell me how many mm Hg or in of water column you had in vacuum? At 5:21 the mold went into the pressure pot. How much pressure were you using?
These are Prieser figures from Germany , probably 1/32 scale . Can you cast this just under vacuum and see what the result is . Give a quality comparison please .
Would putting the mold back into the chamber help for air bubbles? I mean when you said you were worried about air being trapped when you poured the mold.
Sr, I noticed you didn't put the rubber mold to cure inside the pressure pot when it had the original pieces inside, so I wonder if the rubber would shrink when you pour the resin and place the mold inside the pressure pot,.......because the rubber wasnt cured inside the pressure pot first, so the pressure pot will likely shrink the rubber and therefore make the castings smaller than the original copies.
I wonder if I could do this for the hands of a 1/18 scale figure 🤔 I do customization work at this scale and having a good set of hands for the character is important I've been setting myself up by making squish molds for them (thank you Robert for those tutorials and for the link up w/Craftman). I jus got the resin for what I want to do today via FedEx BUT if I can get the resin to pout into/through the peg hole areas and into those tiny fingers...and no bubbles...that'd be a game changer, I think. Will have to try. Only problem is working time (one of the products says 5 mins) Right now i have a homemade vacuum tank using a brake line bleeder (hand pump style)...so...the closest im getting to 1 bar of vac pressure is 25 mg...but its done well for my silicon so far...will jus have to pump fast I guess.
You can use a two-step process where you pump the air out of a cylinder, and then use the cylinder vacuum to suck the air quickly out of a vacuum chamber. You still might have to hand pump the chamber, but the whole process would be much quicker.
@@RobertTolone another option to consider. 🤔 Thanks for the thought here! Would you recommend another method for a home made vac chamber? Also recently retrofitted a pressure pot from a Harbor Freight paint sprayer...holds decent pressure and I was able to solve leakage, etc Have to say though...you make those squish molds look easy. Mine aren't coming out that good (yet) :D Time and practice...and fun (hopefully)
Robert, do you cast things for people using their molds? I'm a professional resin caster, but I don't have a pressure pot, and I have this one part that really needs one.
Hah I try to make vacuum chamber for whole week. But still have leaks. So I bought 30l tank to mixing resin silicone under vacuum. I check in next week what cold be done wit that.
Si Ud.usa hule normal del usado para reparar llantas,este tipo de hule despues de vulcanizar una figura cualquiera,lo ahogas en petroleo durante 24hs,y el molde al igual que el grabado se incha,y aumenta asta 500,veces el grabado impreso,colandole parafina obtener una copua pero mas grande a un costo infimo.proceso "jonapru"
I've been torturing myself watching "Inheritance Machining" and his full machine shop, so it's only fitting that I finish that with a video of all of your tools (at least I will one day own a pressure pot/vac-chamber). Oh well back to the job I hate so that someday I can get said tools
Holly cow ..... there are parts in the mold? Those are the tiniest pieces I have seen you do! Amazing. I was wondering how you were going to verbally navigate around the body parts (pee-pee) of Adonis, ok, Leonidas of Rhoades. I have expected you to blur it out - and in today's upside-down world, I would not be surprised if they did try to demonetize you. Very impressive process, and thank you for the lesson. 🙏
🔴 These are Preiser figures from a set called "Adam and Eve". They're expensive so making copies is not a bad idea.
You finally did the miniature sized thing! Loved it! You might want to add the word miniatures in the description/title to add potential traffic
That is the teeniest tiniest part! So great to learn info like this.
Sorry about your likely demonetization for this vid, it is so annoying how artistic nudity is being pushed off the internet nowadays.
I believe these to be Preiser scale figures, popular with model rail scenery.
These one's are a larger scale that they produce. Roughly 54mm or 1/32nd scale. More in line with military miniature collection's, but there'salso larger miniatures, such as 35mm, 75mm, 90mm, 120mm and even 150mm. I have some female ones I need to put together as a commission for someone. Robert has done a great job at casting.
The 1st time I subscribed to your channel was you have around 25k subs and now you have 79k! Congrats Robert! ❤
LOVED this video Robert. I do love your sense of humour and the way you explain everything so well. The little guy does indeed have the musculature of a runner and is so perfect as you cast him. Great job. He would be adorable in a resin worked diorama of some kind, perhaps Olympia or some ancient Greek building. Well done in assembling this lovely little guy so well.
Whoa! This is exactly what I needed!! I’m gonna cast a tiny little figure I sculpted and I don’t have a pressure pot. I thought the rule was “vacuum for rubber/silicone, pressure for resin” But now I’m reconsidering… I don’t have a pressure pot but I do have a vacuum chamber somewhere… never used it but hopefully I won’t get hurt lol
Thank you!
I very much appreciate that you show the RIGHT way of doing things, and explain WHY they are best done that way. It's nice to watch videos that aren't 75% "oops, I made a mistake."
I love watching the moulds get filled.
Fantastic, Robert! It's been a minute or two since I've been in here but your production quality and camera work have improved so much. Yes, I am also one of those people who LOVE the plexiglass front on your mold pours. It also makes my heart swell to see your subscriber count has gone up dramatically. You are a master! : )
This video is amazing! I make and cast minis for tabletop games as a hobby, and I was unfamiliar with this technique. You just saved me a huge amount of time and aggravation. thanks!
Thanks for the great educational content, I watch since early on and wished many more would watch and learn from you. Especially many creative youtubers. It sometimes hurts to watch, Jazza is such a chaotic creativ.
Best Wishes from Switzerland
Thank you very much!
I'm always impressed by the way you splice/cut your molds open
I've often made a U or L shaped mold for tiny thin parts. I put all the parts on one one side of the U or bottom horizontal leg of the L.Then use the empty upright As a filler. If I've sprued and vented the parts right all the air is forced out by the resin as it fills from the bottom and no vacuum needed.
I love to watch your expressive videos.
Love it! I hadn't considered doing half of the process in vacuum and the latter half under pressure. Makes sense!
This was really interesting, thanks Robert. As a hobbyist I'm often molding and casting small parts so I may give this a go. I may have to get a resin with a longer pot life though. I find it enough of a challenge to get a cast poured and into the pressure tank sometimes, let alone finding a spare minute to vacuum it as well.
Yeah, I use a flexible resin with a 3 minute potlife at best. I have to use 20ml and 60ml syringes to get the molds filled in enough time to get them into the tank and get the tank up to pressure. If I'm lucky, I will have a few seconds to spare to rotate the mold around prior to putting it into the pot to make sure everything is covered.
Have either of you tried the squish mold method for smaller parts?
@@thurow37 Yeah for a piece that was relatively thin walled (an action figure torso shell) and it sucked. Absolutely sucked and didn't work at all. I use cut block molds for everything now.
@@outpost206 ...bummer. Robert did a push mold for model parts that looked like it did pretty well. Craftsman replicated the results too. There's gotta be a trick to it (probably working time / pot life). I have a few resins that came in yesterday...one has a 2.5 min working time...and so far after 2 attempts I haven't had a good cast...but i may switch to a 8-15 min working time resin here today. Just playing around w the squish molds I had lined up for a job in hopes the resin(s) i got will work. Casting 1/18 figure parts
Best videos I've seen for beginners/hobbyists.
Thanks for sharing. Love the mold pouring.
Amazing as always thank you so much for making these!
Sidenote, I miss seeing more of your original sculptures, they're 100% what initially caught my eye and made me start clicking on your videos.
Also I think a lot of us really value the stories about specific jobs you did back in the day and the way the industry used to work. It's fascinating and really helpful perspective.
Anyway thank you again sensei 🙇🙏✨
Nice job Bob. The Little People are so proud of you!!! YEA!!!!
Always great videos. Really love the small tricks you’ve developed overtime, really informative. Really love how enthusiastic you always are. Cheers!
Aha, thank you for the video i had this question as to why I haven't seen resin pours vacuumed to remove trapped air. I thought I was missing something but now I know its a valid technique with its own pros and cons. Thank you Robert!
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us! I learned so much from you! I have an absolute blast making molds, over the last year I have made my own crafting show! Thank you Robert! I still need a pressure pot lol Dang bubbles! I'm happy when I get most of the hands to form hahaha God Bless and thank you!
If you set up small parts so you can just stick an inverted wax paper Dixie cup over them with a hole cut in the bottom, then pour silicone in the inverted cup shape, stopping short of filling it all the way to the paper ‘bottom’ you cut the hole in, then you end up with a mold that, when it shrinks, will simply slide a little further down into the constant taper of the Dixie cup until you have Zero flashing lines. I add thin wires to vent details and act as cutting guides for my razor knife to follow when cutting the mold open. Also, if you don’t have a vacuum pump you can eliminate 99% of all bubbles in small resin castings by ‘pouncing’ the surface of the mold cavity with talcum prior to pouring the resin. In this way you can also cast in resins with very fast cure times that won’t allow the leisurely time to fully vacuum and release the vacuum prior to the resting setting. Alternatively, yu can also solve the bubble problem by casting under high pressure
These come from Preiser of Germany called Adam for the Male set or Eva for Female Sold in three schales 1/22,5, 1/24, 1/32 difficult to get and Father expansive as Dell but to Me the best Anatomy Kit on the Market. Love your reaction on nude facts, holy cow where is my Gun? Droped my Crack in Shame.
Vacuum Chambers Vs Pressure Pots. I did not know that combo. Thanks for making me learn its similarities and differences.
You made a great product! This is the best video on vacuum casting I have seen! I did vacuum casting at my job. We used a cabinet that was under a vacuum and a 2 part plastic. Smooth On was best! The cabinet had spots for two beakers that would agitate and gassify for about 10 minutes. Then one breaker was timed to pour into the other, agitate and gassify. Then it poured into the mold before it started to kick. We let it gassify in the mold for about three minutes and would manually bump the vacuum pressure to knock out any remaining bubbles. Some mixes required curing in heat before being removed from the mold, other would fully kick very fast at room temp. We used Stoner brand mold release...good stuff! If you got one of those cabinets...you could make some real nice product! Most videos on vacuum casting are amateur hour, but you did a GREAT job! Wierd figures...never seen them before. They may be a casting of modified "Campus Friends" figures. They are very nice though. Figures that look right are hard to find in 1/25 scale. Lots of great 1/35 scale out there from Tamiya and Dragon.
Great video, you make it seem so effortless that it makes me want to run out and try my hand at casting something!
Awesome job sir! I just discovered vacuum casting today, I have never heard of it and the DIY CHAMBER TO TAKE OUT THE BUBBLES IS BRILLIANT! And I can build one like you did instead of importing one. And worrying about a blow out or a slurp out. I WAS SHOCK HOW THERE WERE NO PARTING LINES, IT REALLY LOOKED LIKE INJECTION MOLDED PARTS.
You must have an absolute beast of a vacuum pump and compressor.
Fantastic work as always Robert! Thanks for sharing your wisdom.
Really wonderful work. Always appreciate your efforts. Thank you so much! I can usually translate much of what you do to my own projects.
I learned something new, and you sound and look like you had fun with that one!
Very cool. Like @nsjenkins, I'd have to use a resin with a fairly long pot life to make this work. I have found a situation where using vacuum with resin is important: Using metal powders. The powders introduce a lot of microscopic air bubbles because they're rough. They then form larger bubbles during the cure; pressure seems to force that formation. My technique is to mix the powder into the 'B' and then vacuum that, avoiding the pot life problem.
Interesting technique.
! Good tip!
Impressive! NO BUBBLES!
Don't apologise for trimming the coners of the molds. Mold makers train themselves to alert to flappy bits of rubber, as a flap folded over can readily hold a parting plane open. Having the noise from the corners removed lets you pay attention to what matters.
more great content. Thanks again as always Robert!!! Have a great weekend.
Amazing job ! I enjoyed your singing. New moniker of “ Singing Rob T “ is fun. Thanks for the wonderful video of how to get things done !
Wow, I’ve never heard those 4 words before- “I enjoyed your singing”. Mostly people beg me to stop. 🤪
I want these! How great!
Prieser are the manufacturer.
@@ybros6926 Thanks! I found, I bought!
3:02 you mention putting in 100 grams of Rubber. Can you share what materials you were using and either a shore or durometer rating of that material? at 4:47 you show bubbles coming up in the mold under vacuum. can you tell me how many mm Hg or in of water column you had in vacuum? At 5:21 the mold went into the pressure pot. How much pressure were you using?
Pienso que también se pueda usar un vibrador de yeso, como los que usan los dentistas al verter el yeso, luego, luego ponerlo a presión
People have tested it, apparently it's okay for some designs, but it's not ideal for resin or silicone
Excellent as always
We love you Rob!! :D
These are Prieser figures from Germany , probably 1/32 scale .
Can you cast this just under vacuum and see what the result is . Give a quality comparison please .
Another comment confirmed this yah. They're "Adam" Art nr 63900 in 1/32 scale from Preiser.
That was a nice video. :) Liked it very much.
amazing! nice video!
How about a tour of your shop?
Awesome! 😁Rob!
As a self-ordained Greek scholar, I can say without a shadow of a doubt that τα μιτοχόνδρια είναι η δύναμη του κυττάρου.
i want this guy to be my grandpa, i'd show up to christmas and he'd clap me on the back and call me champ 🥺
I love his voice!
Ooohhhh
After some searching, the figure model used it "Unpainted Nude Male Figures Preiser Models"
Great!!!!
Would putting the mold back into the chamber help for air bubbles?
I mean when you said you were worried about air being trapped when you poured the mold.
Can you make a test with out the vacuum process?
Sr, I noticed you didn't put the rubber mold to cure inside the pressure pot when it had the original pieces inside, so I wonder if the rubber would shrink when you pour the resin and place the mold inside the pressure pot,.......because the rubber wasnt cured inside the pressure pot first, so the pressure pot will likely shrink the rubber and therefore make the castings smaller than the original copies.
I wonder if I could do this for the hands of a 1/18 scale figure 🤔
I do customization work at this scale and having a good set of hands for the character is important
I've been setting myself up by making squish molds for them (thank you Robert for those tutorials and for the link up w/Craftman). I jus got the resin for what I want to do today via FedEx
BUT if I can get the resin to pout into/through the peg hole areas and into those tiny fingers...and no bubbles...that'd be a game changer, I think. Will have to try.
Only problem is working time (one of the products says 5 mins)
Right now i have a homemade vacuum tank using a brake line bleeder (hand pump style)...so...the closest im getting to 1 bar of vac pressure is 25 mg...but its done well for my silicon so far...will jus have to pump fast I guess.
You can use a two-step process where you pump the air out of a cylinder, and then use the cylinder vacuum to suck the air quickly out of a vacuum chamber. You still might have to hand pump the chamber, but the whole process would be much quicker.
@@RobertTolone another option to consider. 🤔 Thanks for the thought here! Would you recommend another method for a home made vac chamber?
Also recently retrofitted a pressure pot from a Harbor Freight paint sprayer...holds decent pressure and I was able to solve leakage, etc
Have to say though...you make those squish molds look easy. Mine aren't coming out that good (yet) :D
Time and practice...and fun (hopefully)
Looks like Preiser figuers. "Adam" Art nr 63900 in 1/32 scale.
Just googled it and yah. It's the Preiser 1:32 scale model.
Thanks for the info. I will add it to the description.
I had a stray thought, but does the pressure chamber change the time it takes for the resin to set? Is there a way you could test that?
I’ve never noticed that pressure makes any difference. Heat definitely does.
Robert, do you cast things for people using their molds? I'm a professional resin caster, but I don't have a pressure pot, and I have this one part that really needs one.
I thought I saw a big bubble at first but then remembered that it was anatomically correct.😮😅
perfeeeectt
Hah I try to make vacuum chamber for whole week. But still have leaks. So I bought 30l tank to mixing resin silicone under vacuum. I check in next week what cold be done wit that.
Could I just use the vacuum chamber? I don’t have a pressure pot.
I've had good luck with it do far, but you do have to plan for it
Hey i get the vacum part to pop out the bubbles but i never figured out the pressure tank, why applying pressure ?
"The larger the part, the quicker the cure."
I wonder why that is, scientifically.
Heat, resin is a thermoset plastic.
You can slow down & speed up resin cure by cooling & heating it, respectively
@@NM-wd7kx to expand on @N M's answer, a larger part will liberate more heat which will drive the exothermic reaction faster.
if i only do the vacuum casting and didnt put it under pressure.. is it okay to get better result ?
What products did you use in this video?
I am curious about this too.
Tired a similar process and model but with rubber instead. I think due to viscocity i got a failure.
Si Ud.usa hule normal del usado para reparar llantas,este tipo de hule despues de vulcanizar una figura cualquiera,lo ahogas en petroleo durante 24hs,y el molde al igual que el grabado se incha,y aumenta asta 500,veces el grabado impreso,colandole parafina obtener una copua pero mas grande a un costo infimo.proceso "jonapru"
I've been torturing myself watching "Inheritance Machining" and his full machine shop, so it's only fitting that I finish that with a video of all of your tools (at least I will one day own a pressure pot/vac-chamber). Oh well back to the job I hate so that someday I can get said tools
Holly cow ..... there are parts in the mold? Those are the tiniest pieces I have seen you do! Amazing. I was wondering how you were going to verbally navigate around the body parts (pee-pee) of Adonis, ok, Leonidas of Rhoades. I have expected you to blur it out - and in today's upside-down world, I would not be surprised if they did try to demonetize you. Very impressive process, and thank you for the lesson. 🙏
If only you made that figure at 1:1 scale then you would have something to hang your baseball cap and hats on.
Is it an American thing to be scared of anatomy? We have such statues in most European museums.
It is an unfortunate aspect of American culture that many people are offended by nudity.
It might be a holdover from the Puritans who initially settled in the N-E U.S.
You shouldn't be recasting commercial figures.
punk
tin sn99 soldering filament 3d print for electroplating high temp metals without high temp equipment, even metal thin film molds