Spinal Cord Injury | Levels of injury

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  • Опубліковано 24 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 155

  • @jujununya9182
    @jujununya9182 4 місяці тому +3

    5 minutes and STRAIGHT TO THE POINT Thank you.

  • @tahlidawson7445
    @tahlidawson7445 3 роки тому +49

    As an OT student, thank you! this is so comprehensive and easy to follow :)

  • @OdetteOfosua
    @OdetteOfosua 4 дні тому

    I've been wondering who Dr Matt is. Finally get to be tutored by you. ❤Thanks for a comprehensive lecture!

  • @sophiat2058
    @sophiat2058 4 роки тому +10

    under 2 mins in and already appreciating thank you sir!

    • @syedwaqasshah5744
      @syedwaqasshah5744 Рік тому

      Spinal cord Injury & its Lesions #DrNajeeb
      ua-cam.com/video/tNfUSS0iZGQ/v-deo.html

    • @cdr408
      @cdr408 10 місяців тому

      Cervical has 7 btw. Lumbar has five

  • @deborahthompson6248
    @deborahthompson6248 2 роки тому +48

    I’m here because my brother got into a motorcycle accident in a hit and run . It’s only day 3 and too soon to tel anything if he is paralyzed or not . He got fractured from t1-t 6 and Al broken ribs and a broken shoulder . He can’t move his legs at all and I’m just praying he will be able to . Or at least his upper body . Learning about spines seem so complicated . I just hope his fracture does not paralyze him . Atm he can’t use the bathroom on his own and it is tearing me a apart . He can’t even eat in his own . Just want him to feel human .

    • @hemmm936
      @hemmm936 2 роки тому +7

      My prayers to him

    • @bethanyb.3299
      @bethanyb.3299 2 роки тому +4

      I hope your brother heals physically and mentally, bless him 🙏🏼

    • @deborahthompson6248
      @deborahthompson6248 2 роки тому +9

      @@bethanyb.3299 thanks . We are confident he will recover his upper body normally. He is able to eat in his own now and brush his teeth . Still unsure on anything below his waist , he keeps having uti and had covid and pressure sores that delays his physical therapy . He will be in the hospital for a long time . But he’s alive and at least he can move his upper body

    • @brutallyhonestguy5985
      @brutallyhonestguy5985 2 роки тому +3

      @@deborahthompson6248 How is your bro now

    • @deborahthompson6248
      @deborahthompson6248 2 роки тому +7

      @@brutallyhonestguy5985 he's doing alright . Paralyzed from the waist down . Don't think he will ever walk again.

  • @hapiness78
    @hapiness78 3 роки тому +9

    I just watched this video again, you made it so easy to understand, thank you!!!!!👍

  • @vssu1
    @vssu1 2 роки тому +3

    THANK YOU FOR THE EXPLAINATION YOU HELP A LOT

  • @QuincyKeith
    @QuincyKeith 4 роки тому +33

    Thank you Dr. Matt for explaining last year I got shot in the back in the bullet came out the front which lead to my spinal cord injury. My level of injury is C-8 complete this video was educational and I share this video all the time to people who don’t understand SCI. This video help me to understand also that my injury extends to T1-T5 thank you 🙏🏾 so much
    Could you all make an in-depth video explaining the levels with nerve what they do and correlation to the body.could y’all also do a video talking about The difference between paraplegia and quadriplegia/tetraplegia
    Much
    🖤🤎🖤🤎🖤🤎🖤🤎🖤🤎🤎🖤🖤🤎✊🏿

    • @christslove8121
      @christslove8121 3 роки тому +4

      Ive heard of and experienced healing while reading the Bible out loud so definately do that every day. I had neck pain so bad I could only sleep on my back and it vanished while I was reading the Bible out loud. I felt so much stronger my bones , joints and every thing. You can look up healing scriptures on utube or maybe all the Bible is healing I don't know. 🤗

    • @QuincyKeith
      @QuincyKeith 3 роки тому

      @@christslove8121 🙏🏾 thank you so much

    • @christslove8121
      @christslove8121 3 роки тому

      @@QuincyKeith you're welcome so much!

    • @christslove8121
      @christslove8121 3 роки тому

      Also, if you understand biblical tithing and need a better income CBN has utube videos about 'financial freedom'. In these videos people share about when they started tithing to CBN they started experiencing financial miracles of wealth. Just a suggestion, you can try devoting your tithes to CBN or if someone in your family understands tithing better you can tell them, God bless! 🤗🙏

    • @safuwanfauzi5014
      @safuwanfauzi5014 2 роки тому

      I have friend c8 complete injured he miss masturbate, it sad

  • @thebaneking4787
    @thebaneking4787 4 роки тому +9

    As long as 1 hand works I know that I'm in control of how long I suffer.

  • @AndrewPilayan-zr5xb
    @AndrewPilayan-zr5xb 9 місяців тому +1

    CAN YOU ALSO KNOW WHICH PART OF THE BODY CAN BE ANESTHETICIZED IF THE INJURY IS C3 TO C6. THANK YOU

  • @baffledbybullshit805
    @baffledbybullshit805 2 роки тому +1

    Been having upper back, left shoulder blade, left arm pain 24/7. CT Friday and today Monday found out advanced arthritis and spinal compression c5/6. So will be seeing a neurologist asap.

    • @nonyobussiness3440
      @nonyobussiness3440 2 роки тому +1

      Good luck specialists take their time and it takes years to get help

    • @baffledbybullshit805
      @baffledbybullshit805 2 роки тому

      @@nonyobussiness3440 they sure do, my original appointment isn't until the 25th.

    • @baffledbybullshit805
      @baffledbybullshit805 2 роки тому

      @@nonyobussiness3440 but I found out my diagnosis is myomalacia affecting me from my c3 down to my t1.

  • @dustin9893
    @dustin9893 10 місяців тому +1

    Does the motor cortex in your brain control both arms and legs?

  • @bettinarykr5724
    @bettinarykr5724 Рік тому +3

    Thank you for the explanation. If there is a injury at the level from Th2-TH10, and the symptoms are inabilety of walking, balance, bladder - and bowel function, will these symptoms with rehabilitation disappear?

  • @shireesh92
    @shireesh92 Рік тому +3

    I got c2 c3 fracture in 2010 full body paralysed now i can walk with walker stick full body movement and strength but can walk without support till now

  • @DavyErni-y6c
    @DavyErni-y6c 9 місяців тому +5

    I went paraplegic from the waist down aswell . They dug out a tumor on my t7 till t10 . Twas agressive . 8 months later . Cured hodgekins body/bonemarrow . Now i walk again after some months in a wheelchair . I move so good now that i resumed my volunteer caregiver job. 😊 🙏😇🥰🥰❤️&Light . If the doctor says you will most likely never walk again . Tell him/her . Than it is my job to prove you wrong . And then do it . 🫶🤩

  • @n.ll.8796
    @n.ll.8796 11 місяців тому

    I knew some one who was paralyzed from the chest down , uncontrollable bowels they would have to change the bag 30 times a day . Terrible . He was well in his late 60's when this happened he didnt like doing excercises , he was non verbal but could talk up a storm at times . He got discharged from a nursing home and went to one of his siblings home ... had 24 - 7 care . Lasted only 2 years and passed away . Everybody said he wouldn't make it negative attitude about everything . Its been 5yrs he's been gone .

  • @US-bc3nt
    @US-bc3nt 3 роки тому +4

    Best explanation ever! Wow.Thank you🙏

  • @Smurfis
    @Smurfis 9 місяців тому

    Thank you for this I sometimes have burning sensations in my legs it’s been a year since I had a 20 roughly meter fall.

  • @mnnomad1870
    @mnnomad1870 Рік тому

    Can you get spinal cord injury during ACDF neck surgery? I had ACDF C5 C6 done in 2019 and have been in continuous state of vertigo and pain. I went back to the doctor and he threw the CD with my MRI on it back at me. I literally had no symptoms other than a consequential finding of the herniated disc and compression with some signal cord damage taking place. Neurosurgeon said he should do the surgery for safety sake. I think I should have got a second or third opinion because that totally changed my life in a very negative manner not able to work or play or hardly sleep with the constant excruciating pain.

  • @lakshmanjagarlamudi4423
    @lakshmanjagarlamudi4423 10 місяців тому

    Can u please explain the effects of injury to T11 and T12 and compression of cord

  • @luzalmanza8329
    @luzalmanza8329 Рік тому

    Thank you so much!!! (nursing student)

  • @Pete-c9k
    @Pete-c9k 6 місяців тому

    I have been T10 complete since 1959.
    Was a patient of
    Ludwig Gutman in Stoke Manderville. Long time ago.😎

  • @CuddlesgaloreCats
    @CuddlesgaloreCats 3 роки тому +10

    This was great !!! Thank you for clarifying the functions so concisely!

  • @theirishman8356
    @theirishman8356 2 роки тому +1

    I have a double fusion. C3-4-5. I can still function but have 7 pieces of titanium in my neck and suffer from chronic pain. Passed on low back fusion. I just deal with the pain.

    • @brutallyhonestguy5985
      @brutallyhonestguy5985 2 роки тому

      You know what sometimes I think that paraplegia is better than dealing with chronic pain

  • @henhowell2433
    @henhowell2433 2 роки тому +6

    Also to inform people that may not know this quadriplegia and tetraplegia are not the same, as quadriplegia affects the upper and lower extremities, tetraplegia includes these but also the neck.

  • @belliotrungy9107
    @belliotrungy9107 4 роки тому +10

    Love the elevator concept. Never thought of it that way.

  • @avomarkarian6187
    @avomarkarian6187 Рік тому

    My dad fell 7 years ago and he had neck injury he had a slight neck bone compression and it compressed his spaniel cord since then he has week one side and walks unbalanced and his body doesn’t command to release his urain so he has urainbag no Dr or medication helped him to go back to normal your help would be great Dr 🙏🙏

  • @Unknown-nc4jq
    @Unknown-nc4jq 3 роки тому +3

    is it possible a T7 lesion to damage ONLY sensory nerves at the lower half of the body?

    • @liatm3042
      @liatm3042 3 роки тому

      Theoretically, there is no reason why it would be impossible. In practice though, it's not something that is known to occur, at least some motor nerves are always(*) damaged.

  • @aafreenimtiaz901
    @aafreenimtiaz901 8 місяців тому

    Thank you sir my pt neuronexam is after 2 days

  • @shrutibadge8842
    @shrutibadge8842 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks sir for imp information

  • @brianlam257
    @brianlam257 2 роки тому +2

    It's like different levels of hell. It's scary

  • @jennyp4934
    @jennyp4934 2 роки тому +1

    Great video thank you.

  • @Abdelrahman_Ragab1
    @Abdelrahman_Ragab1 Рік тому +2

    ## Summary
    This video provides an overview of the different levels of spinal cord injury and their corresponding symptoms. The spinal cord is compared to an elevator with 31 levels, each region having its own specific functions and impacts. The severity and symptoms of spinal cord injuries can vary, with injuries to different regions affecting different parts of the body and bodily functions.
    ## Highlights
    - The spinal cord is divided into different regions, each with its own levels and functions.
    - The cervical region has 8 levels and supplies sensations to the neck, shoulders, and upper arm.
    - The thoracic region has 12 levels and provides motor movement and sensory input to the thorax and abdomen.
    - The lumbar region has 5 levels and affects the lower back, hips, and legs.
    - The sacral region also has 5 levels and impacts the lower part of the legs, as well as bowel, bladder, and sexual function.
    - Injuries to the cervical region can result in quadriplegia or tetraplegia, affecting the arms and legs.
    - Injuries to the thoracic region can impact posture, balance, and the autonomic nervous system.
    - Lumbar region injuries affect the muscles around the hips, thighs, and lower legs.
    - Sacral region injuries primarily affect bowel, bladder, and sexual function.
    ## Detailed Summary
    - This video provides an overview of the levels of spinal cord injury and the corresponding symptoms. The spinal cord is compared to an elevator with 31 different levels. The cervical region, closest to the brain, has 8 levels and supplies sensations to the neck, shoulders, and upper arm. The thoracic region has 12 levels and provides motor movement and sensory input to the thorax and abdomen. The lumbar region has 5 levels and affects the lower back, hips, and legs. The sacral region also has 5 levels and impacts the lower part of the legs, as well as bowel, bladder, and sexual function. It is important to note that the severity and symptoms of spinal cord injuries can vary. Injuries to the cervical region can result in quadriplegia or tetraplegia, affecting the arms and legs. Injuries to the thoracic region can impact posture, balance, and the autonomic nervous system. Lumbar region injuries affect the muscles around the hips, thighs, and lower legs, while sacral region injuries primarily affect bowel, bladder, and sexual function.

  • @koushikvisagan3
    @koushikvisagan3 4 роки тому +1

    You are making great videos

  • @AnnieHyams-uo9pm
    @AnnieHyams-uo9pm 27 днів тому

    Hi @ Dr Matt & Dr Mike Thank You So Much For Sharing Your Very Interesting Beautiful Video @ Dr Matt & Dr Mike 👍👍❤️❤️

  • @alifarhann
    @alifarhann 2 роки тому

    Thank you sir. It was so comprehensive.

  • @arthur1010123
    @arthur1010123 2 роки тому

    Great explanation, thanks

  • @jinlim88
    @jinlim88 2 роки тому +4

    Hi dr.Matt, my father had an accident 6 years ago and injured his spinal cord from C-3 to C-7.. miraculously my father still survive to this day. From your experience is it possible for my father to heal or maybe walk again? Appreciate if you reply me.

    • @gabbytaylor3909
      @gabbytaylor3909 2 роки тому +2

      i got into an accident less than a year ago and shattered L3,L4,L5 and i wouldnt wish that pain on ANYBODY i really hope he gets better 🖤

    • @holdencawffle626
      @holdencawffle626 Рік тому

      Highly impossible

  • @lexigudenkauf8235
    @lexigudenkauf8235 3 роки тому

    Is there supposed to be one more Lumbar vertebrae?

  • @jacksonmaguires8407
    @jacksonmaguires8407 3 роки тому +1

    But the spinal cord ends at L1?

  • @fcjey8194
    @fcjey8194 4 роки тому +2

    Hi Dr Mike & Matt , could u pls do one video on the vertebral column osteology , it would rly help me thanks .

  • @bhavanapatelabsolutelytrue2625
    @bhavanapatelabsolutelytrue2625 2 роки тому

    Excellent teaching.

  • @ime-hq9wq
    @ime-hq9wq 3 роки тому +1

    Very good explanation
    Thank you so much🙏

  • @tenminutetokyo2643
    @tenminutetokyo2643 6 місяців тому

    But what about the Coxyx and its nerves?

  • @norhanknan2397
    @norhanknan2397 3 роки тому +1

    What about UMNL and LMNL ?

  • @meare5592
    @meare5592 2 роки тому

    Thank you! you made it very easy to understand!

  • @deborahthompson6248
    @deborahthompson6248 2 роки тому

    I thought t -6 spinal injury also controls the movement of the legs ?

  • @matthaines4249
    @matthaines4249 2 роки тому

    I have the issues with the 3D space and balance following car wreck ! What steps would you suggest i take

  • @RICHIE_RICH89
    @RICHIE_RICH89 Рік тому

    I had a sever lower back injury l4 l5 my legs are f,d now much showed up down the road. Just weird symptoms.

  • @hapiness78
    @hapiness78 3 роки тому +1

    loving this a lot!!!! great job explaining it!

  • @AS-pu5wv
    @AS-pu5wv 3 роки тому

    Great video but spoilt by bad lighting causing flickering, making it difficult to watch. Any chance of an update?

  • @rickialbertzai9984
    @rickialbertzai9984 3 роки тому +1

    Good sir, thank you

  • @abdulqaadir6510
    @abdulqaadir6510 2 роки тому

    Haven't watched it all yet... but did you just draw 4 lumbar vertebrae? Isn't there supposed to be 5? SO confusing!

  • @alyanaiza7024
    @alyanaiza7024 3 роки тому

    c6 injury recovery is possible or not if possible how many percent,??

  • @OhMasters.
    @OhMasters. 3 роки тому

    Then how did my friend who is in a wheelchair break her neck, and she is paralyzed from the waist down?

  • @basrahg.250
    @basrahg.250 2 роки тому +1

    Thank you for this vid 🙌🙌🙌

  • @mustafaalmansory
    @mustafaalmansory 3 роки тому +1

    nicely done 🙂🙂

  • @AndrewPilayan-zr5xb
    @AndrewPilayan-zr5xb 9 місяців тому

    WHICH PARTY WILL BE AFFECTED FROM C3 TO C6 SIR?

  • @joyceportela2024
    @joyceportela2024 2 роки тому

    Easy to understand. Like it!

  • @ahmadabras2846
    @ahmadabras2846 2 роки тому

    Thank you doctor, can the symptoms of a spinal cord contusion return and get worse after it has improved well..?

    • @syedwaqasshah5744
      @syedwaqasshah5744 Рік тому

      Spinal cord Injury & its Lesions #DrNajeeb
      ua-cam.com/video/tNfUSS0iZGQ/v-deo.html

  • @mattisfahani6021
    @mattisfahani6021 3 роки тому

    thanks mate, awesome work

  • @med.student.8625
    @med.student.8625 4 роки тому +1

    If the lesion at C4 level, how that will affect respiratory function?

    • @DrMattDrMike
      @DrMattDrMike  4 роки тому +5

      The phrenic nerve, which supplies the diaphragm (breathing muscle) exits the spinal cord at C3, C4 and C5. Therefore, a lesion at C4 could well impact this nerve.

    • @skarpengland
      @skarpengland 4 роки тому +9

      3,4,5, keeps the diaphragm alive

    • @med.student.8625
      @med.student.8625 3 роки тому

      @Ellie Henderson
      Stay safe 🌹

  • @nishant7780
    @nishant7780 3 роки тому

    What about a ligament injury in the spine?

  • @lathakumar8905
    @lathakumar8905 3 роки тому

    Hi doctor yesterday accidentally i was hitted my backbone in steel it really hurting now is there any problem please kindly reply me what can I do now?

  • @skinncosmetics1979
    @skinncosmetics1979 2 роки тому

    Anyone weak sensation feeling both legs after chiropractor adjustments and now 2 weeks with nausea discomfort any suggestions what it can? No pain but discomfort feeling sensation

  • @chazz7430
    @chazz7430 4 роки тому +3

    another awesome video, going to steal this concept for teaching. Was there a reason to only drawing 4 lumbar vert?

    • @DrMattDrMike
      @DrMattDrMike  4 роки тому +4

      haha, I realised that when I edited the video ;-)

    • @chazz7430
      @chazz7430 4 роки тому

      ​@@DrMattDrMike wasn't sure if it was a convention I wasn't aware of hahaha

  • @parameswarykanagaratnam5152
    @parameswarykanagaratnam5152 3 роки тому +1

    When there is a lesion in C5-T2. Why it is spastic paralysis in lower extremities and flaccid paralysis in upper extremities?

    • @KingOfAllLlamas
      @KingOfAllLlamas 3 роки тому +3

      First recall the difference between upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions and lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions. You get LMN lesion characteristics (including flaccidity) to the muscles being supplied at the level of the spinal cord injury (e.g. C5-T1, which has supply to upper limbs). However, all of the tracts below the level of the injury, which are composed of UMNs, are non-functional, leading to a UMN pattern (spasticity) in the lower limbs. *Check other sources to make sure this answer is correct.

  • @funty3000
    @funty3000 Рік тому

    What about c6-c7?

    • @hplarli510
      @hplarli510 8 місяців тому

      Same question from me

  • @yosefsbehat3013
    @yosefsbehat3013 Рік тому

    thanks

  • @moniquegonzalez1232
    @moniquegonzalez1232 10 місяців тому

    Got hit by a van while walking hit me side ways and my center spine pressed in and fliped back hit my head on the winsheild and flew 20 feet walked away no issues scrapes or cuts now 8 yrs later i can barely lift my legs at all my entire spine hurts and get dizzy from the pain especially when its cold i could almost pass out from the pain my speech gets slurred the guy who hit me had no insurance and was illegally here in los angeles california dr just want to give me pills but i feel in another 5 yrs i wont be walking at all

  • @DeeDee-il7zk
    @DeeDee-il7zk Рік тому

    Very interesting!!

  • @thescottishmexican
    @thescottishmexican 3 роки тому

    Thank you!

  • @youthcity4580
    @youthcity4580 3 роки тому

    Is there a remed?, can I meet you?

  • @tytraulich4987
    @tytraulich4987 3 роки тому

    I Have yet to see a spinal cord injury where the person is unable to blink.
    There may be no such thing as a complete spinal cord injury because you couldn’t ‘cheek a gum

  • @mq46312
    @mq46312 2 роки тому +1

    Sorry but I see only 7 Cs and 4 Ls?

    • @Odes1Angel
      @Odes1Angel 20 днів тому

      Yeah he drew it stupid. He's counting the white spaces.

  • @dingdong436.
    @dingdong436. 2 роки тому +1

    Thanx dude!😍

  • @antonioushanalla6477
    @antonioushanalla6477 4 роки тому

    Sorry why I can’t see the video

  • @sportsinjuries6593
    @sportsinjuries6593 3 роки тому +8

    Spinal Cord Ends at L1 🙄🙄🙄
    Below L1 it acts as individual nerves coming out of cord. Which is called Cauda equina. Injury to cauda equina region doesn't affect as much as spinal cord injury. Patients need to be educated rightly. We shouldn't create unnecessary fear among patients.

  • @Thevwmethod
    @Thevwmethod 19 днів тому

    Autonomic dysreflexia is very miss understood. It is more a vagus to spinal cord problem and you can still walk.. like me PRES and anything under the autonomic umbrella can be at play when AD is triggered lucky all it takes is a BM my biggest problem. Is UK Doctors as AD pulls its BP anxiety etc from the adrenal glands IE adrenaline and if you have cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.. gtn will drop the bp Doctors see it as a ok bp I have a bm Bp drops again..

  • @ihsankhan3834
    @ihsankhan3834 2 роки тому

    My father parelis since 1998

  • @fahimkhan5876
    @fahimkhan5876 2 роки тому +1

    Hi Doctor , i have a spinal card male patient in my home ,his level is C7,T1 ,he is 25 years old ,if you do his treatment , i will take him over there , plz reply me , i shall be very thanksfull to you .

  • @eloisety1392
    @eloisety1392 3 роки тому

    I've never heard anyone read this as "cervaycal" before. Hm.. new knowledge. Haha

  • @lostsoul4317
    @lostsoul4317 Рік тому

    Does anyone experiencing panic attacks or depression?

  • @shihabuddinzaki2942
    @shihabuddinzaki2942 4 роки тому +1

    Finally!! Tnx

  • @mkc1rrc
    @mkc1rrc 5 місяців тому

    The Aussie pronunciation on cervical really threw me off there mate. ser-VY-kal vs SER-vik-kal haha

  • @cdr408
    @cdr408 10 місяців тому

    Wait a min, cervical only has 7 and lumbar has five not four

    • @Overwalking
      @Overwalking 3 місяці тому

      Spinal cord has 8! Vertebral column has 7 😊

  • @jav4346
    @jav4346 3 роки тому +1

    Perfect!

  • @Zetsuke4
    @Zetsuke4 3 роки тому +2

    basic

  • @st.paulmn9159
    @st.paulmn9159 4 роки тому

    I don’t understand why information isn’t relayed when there appears to be no break in the spinal cord.
    Also, the electrical devices that are used, I believe are active, meaning they have a battery/they stimulate. A passive design would seem to make more sense. I’m not an ee

    • @hindugoat2302
      @hindugoat2302 4 роки тому +1

      there are tiny delicate nerves running through the spinal cord that are damaged and cant transmit the signal past
      you cant see the break its microscopic

    • @st.paulmn9159
      @st.paulmn9159 4 роки тому

      @@hindugoat2302 Okay, hopefully the wickedness of Zeus can offer a temp repair until an organic one is reached.

    • @christslove8121
      @christslove8121 3 роки тому

      If the spinal ligment is stretched too much it is damaged to the point that it can't relay info properly. The ligments are soft tissue , I think they are cartiledge. For example , I bent my wrist too hard and now it sticks out and hurts because I stretched the ligment too much. I can still use it but it's damaged.

  • @n.ll.8796
    @n.ll.8796 11 місяців тому

    ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

  • @zubaerzahid4306
    @zubaerzahid4306 3 роки тому +1

    Brain is a penthouses!!!!

  • @Enchilada_Angel
    @Enchilada_Angel 3 роки тому +2

    Anyone else notice he drew 4 lumbar nerves

  • @scirecoveryjourney5598
    @scirecoveryjourney5598 2 роки тому

    #scirecoveryjourney nice

  • @nuzhayparveen
    @nuzhayparveen Рік тому

    See jawaid contact him