Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Part 6 of memoirs of Two former officers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, who tell their version of the history of the kamikaze attacks. One of them served as senior staff officer to Vice Admiral Takijiro Ohnishi, who initiated Japan's kamikaze attacks against American ships in the Philippines. Second Officer was flight operations officer for the 201st Air Group, which organized the first kamikaze special attack corps. Their memoirs cover the kamikaze operations from October 19, 1944, the date of the formation of the first kamikaze special attack corps, to the end of the war. Here is the link of the playlist ua-cam.com/play/PLGjbe3ikd0XFm1LjNNMlJPKSOtLwLatx3.html Link of Part 1 ua-cam.com/video/HLLlLZ2fSoI/v-deo.html Link of Part 2 ua-cam.com/video/Q5dmCSpJVRA/v-deo.html Link of Part 3 ua-cam.com/video/EKb2u_qdfFA/v-deo.html Link of Part 4 ua-cam.com/video/LKvGUqeXO8Q/v-deo.html Link of Part 5 ua-cam.com/video/q-7_babQE9M/v-deo.html
Ugaki's suicide mission failed to do any harm to the Americans, caused the senseless needless deaths of the young men who followed him, and showed that any claim to be a servant of his emperor was a lie by his disobedience of his emperor's command to surrender. A fitting end of the Kamikazes.
The argument still rages on the Unites Sates using the bomb to end the war. I think there is no doubt that in the dire situation they faced in 1944 and early 1945, Japan would have had no hesitation in using nuclear weapons, both tactically and strategically to achieve victory, had they developed them in time. And had the US not used atomic weapons, the whole nation of Japan being used as a special attack force to defend against invasion would have seen slaughter on scale never seen before in human history.
All absolutely true. And I think it's evident the ignition of these 2 bombs over Japan and the resulting human & physical damage incurred has successfully discouraged anyone else's use of them against another country or people. At least so far.
The fact that the Russians finally decided to actively militarily enter the war against Japan at nearly the same time as the nuclear destruction of their two cities, may have also influenced their final decision to surrender. Caught between two powerful adversaries, the Japanese had realistically no other choice but to surrender to avoid complete annihilation as a country.
@@andrewtaylor940 Thank you for the added details! The deteriorating Japanese civilian situation, which added to the pressure to end the war, seems to have been greatly minimized by the West and you are absolutely right in pointing this out as a cofactor in Hirohito's decision to seek a way out to save his country from total ruin.
This seems a common thread in the IJN , issuing orders that result in senseless losses and deaths while they themselves sit safely in the homeland. One wonders; if these admirals were standing to on the bridges of these ships, would the orders have been the same
Ugaki wanted to die as a warrior. Instead, he ignored the wishes of the Emperor and instead committed a crime. If anyone died because of his attack then it was murder. A similar attack by Americans in reverse circumstances would have resulted in an orgy of Japanese retribution. He was not a warrior, he was a fanatic.
Picture appears to be Admiral Ugaki right before his infamous kamikaze attack AFTER Japan surrendered. He was criticized for taking other young fliers with him on the attack. The marines found him in a wrecked plane on a beach and used a rope and jeep, I think, to pull his body out of the plane.
It's telling that Japanese officers spoke of making any sacrifice to insure the continued existence of Japan, when in reality they were only trying to insure the continued existence of THEIR Japan. A Japan were feudal warlords and officers lived in their own world of privilege, and the vast majority of Japanese only lived to serve them in a "medieval" type of society. Japan itself was NEVER in danger of being removed from the earth. Anyone can look at Japan today if they are in doubt of that fact. During WWII the Japanese "leaders" and officers proved, by their savage mistreatment of prisoners and conquered people, that they had absolutely no honor at all. If that sounds harsh, check out 'The Rape of Nanking', by Iris Chang, copyright 1997.
I have watched almost all of these videos, assembled from diaries and memoirs written after the War was over and I can't help but feel the utter hopelessness, sadness that is the result of war. What a waste of everything decent. I hope and pray that God will judge those that made the ultimate sacrifice of their lives on all sides with mercy.
Idk. From what I've read a lot of pilots in the suicide squad were not so eager and were shamed, threatened and forced. I guess this is just from one person's perspective.
I am not a war veteran I just study and watch a lot of ww2 videos and from my perspective is that loosing your trained pilots is why wars are lost Germany in the Battle of Britain lost countless pilots captured or lost at sea because they had lousy air sea rescue the Japanese and their Kamikaze just dam crazy as an Australian I think the Americans with there tour of duty then go home and past their knowledge onto the new pilots
As a retired US Marine, I find these videos insightful, but very sad. While the willingness to give ones life in defense of his country is admirable on an individual level, to organize suicide attacks from the highest levels of command are despicable and reflect selfishness and corrupt leadership. Willingness to wantonly sacrifice your men and a significant portion of your civilian population is just plain evil.
In war, it is important to remember that honor and courage may be expressed in equal measure by the warriors and soldiers of any combatant nation. There are no nations of cowards. All young men will sacrifice and die, never mind what side they are on. The Americans and the Japanese were equally brave in battle. The only differences, really, were the ways in which they went about it. True to their culture, the Japanese thought as a group, not as individuals. It does not matter if they were the enemy at the time, honor and courage must be respected, no matter what its origin. In this, we must honor the Japanese.
Japan was wise to surrender in August 1945. The Soviets, having completed the fighting in Germany, saw an opportunity to secure a partial occupation of Japan and other formerly Japanese occupied territory. They blew through Manchuria and would've invaded Japan about the same time as the US. Life in postwar Japan would have been much worse had this occurred.
I read a Korean take on Japan's slowness to surrender. They viewed it as causing a greater catastrophe than just Hiroshima and Nagasaki - the Korean War. Had Japan surrendered earlier then the Korean peninsula would not have been partially occupied by the Soviets -> there would not have been a partition at the 38th parallel -> no war 5 years later. There were analysts who had called for surrender as early as mid 44. One guy went so far as to brief Tojo. Days later he was reassigned from Tokyo to China. xd
Also, the US promised the Soviets a lot of concessions at Potsdam in exchange for Soviet entry into the war 90 days after the defeat of Germany. Those specific promises were greater than the kind of generalized wishfulness Japan was offering as part of their fantasy plan to get the Soviets to take up arms beside Japan against the Anglosphere.
The Eastern campaign was pretty much a land grab as the Soviets steam rollered over the Japanese. Big reward for a month of work for Stalin....unlike the USA in the west who got 1/3 of half of Germany and half of Berlin. I guess the IOUs from arms sales was the big bonus for USA for European theater?
Okinawa is not considered one of the home islands. The Japanese wanted the sovereignty of the Emporer included as a condition of the surrender, but the US rejected this. Once MacArthur was in control he wisely took a laissez faire attitude on this.@@joesmith701
Interesting. Mao didn’t defeat the Kuomintang until 1948….probably too late to affect a division of Korea. Had the Soviets been occupying Manchuria, who knows how that would have worked out. @@Iamkcs2c
The glory days of Japan surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and SE Asia were forgotten. Gone were the memories of the thousands of their victims all across SE Pacific. The invaders forgot they were the cause of their own defeat. The aggression of their relentless assaults, murder of multitudes of innocent victims, use of captive women for their lusts, and devotion to evil were ignored as they sought to expand their empire across the South Pacific. At the end of the war and defeat inevitable, the war lords couldn't face the reality of their own aggression and cause of their defeat.
It’s curious how he notes, almost in passing, the atomic destruction of Hiroshima and makes no mention at all of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki or the reasons for it. Too painful maybe?
The folly of human beings is amazing. Germany and Japan somehow thought they could take on the easily two most powerful nations of the time, the USSR and the USA, and win. Add in the British empire, well the final outcome followed.
35:30 I wonder if the pilots just made the calls back to say they were making their final dive when they were really about to get shot down... and they just wanted to keep everybody's morale high
Bataan death march Kamikeze The rape of Nan King Running the gauntlet And another 1/2 dozen reasons i have 0 sympathy for these people I wasn't born yet but i know enough. If not for the atomic bomb we would have had to land on the mainland and take it hand to hand with terrible losses. There are other nations not to be trusted ever again also. Weird thing tho, i guess not everybody remembers because it looks like war again
And of course, the supremely notorious and disgusting: "Unit 731 (Japanese: ７３１部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai), short for Manshu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment and the Ishii Unit, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons" My father saw what unspeakable atrocities they did in New Guinea, and while that is not the worst by any means, he was traumatised for life by it. 😮
Ehhhhh... invading would have been stupid. Japan is a series of islands lacking critical natural resources. A naval blockade combined with naval and air bombardment would have led to mass starvation...along with casualties from ongoing attacks. Japan had no real means of resisting. Japanese casualties would have been even more horrific. Invasion was popular with Army and Marine generals who didn't want to cede position to the Navy and Army Air Force.
I wonder if some of their reports of damage to American ships weren't embellished by the pilots. It sounds as though half the fleet was put out of action.
Unintended consequences. Death over life. As beautiful as self sacrifice may be viewed from the Japanese perspective, it was seen from the American perspective as maniacal. It unhappily led to a very dim view of Japanese culture. Time heals and a greater understanding has thankfully taken place.
There is nothing noble in wasting a life for a cause that is evil to begin with. The ingrained attitude of this kind of following is demented and wasteful of life given by God. The (Emperor) was a blatant fool of whom bears the responsibility of lives lost.
If Hirohito had refused to approve the starting of the war the military work have killed him. When he did surrender the surviving hardliners attempted a coup. The culture was as insane as the Nazis.
@@mikespangler98 the "attempted coup" you talked about was a minority in the Japanese Army where a handful of Mid ranked officers literally had to kill their commanding officer to forge documents to start. And not all the mid ranked officers who participated in various points knew that two other officers killed the commander. However I would agree prior to the start of the war the chance for a coup would've likely been much greater which also might have influenced Hirohito in starting the war.
1700 pilots in kamikaze attacks is a waste of manpower, equipment, and resources. There is a famous quote that this story reminds me of “A Man must know his limitations”! The leadership of Japan violated this quote.
Ugaki defied the Emperor's call to surrender and proceeded with his suicidal attack? He even allowed a younger pilot to sit next to him in a cockpit made for just one? Japanese often tell me Americans are racist and this influenced their decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. But this fanatic resistance in the face of certain defeat must have also influenced the American decision.
Many of the comments in this thread reflect the unbridgeable gap between cultures. Read Ruth Benedict’s description of Guilt Cultures v. Shame Cultures in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.
Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Part 6 of memoirs of Two former officers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, who tell their version of the history of the kamikaze attacks. One of them served as senior staff officer to Vice Admiral Takijiro Ohnishi, who initiated Japan's kamikaze attacks against American ships in the Philippines. Second Officer was flight operations officer for the 201st Air Group, which organized the first kamikaze special attack corps. Their memoirs cover the kamikaze operations from October 19, 1944, the date of the formation of the first kamikaze special attack corps, to the end of the war.
Here is the link of the playlist
ua-cam.com/play/PLGjbe3ikd0XFm1LjNNMlJPKSOtLwLatx3.html
Link of Part 1 ua-cam.com/video/HLLlLZ2fSoI/v-deo.html
Link of Part 2 ua-cam.com/video/Q5dmCSpJVRA/v-deo.html
Link of Part 3 ua-cam.com/video/EKb2u_qdfFA/v-deo.html
Link of Part 4 ua-cam.com/video/LKvGUqeXO8Q/v-deo.html
Link of Part 5 ua-cam.com/video/q-7_babQE9M/v-deo.html
To be reckless is to aide the enemy. True words never spoken.
Indeed, the purity of youth did bring a divine wind of Hell Cats, Corsairs, Mustangs, Flying Fortresses, Super Fortresses, and Liberators
Ugaki's suicide mission failed to do any harm to the Americans, caused the senseless needless deaths of the young men who followed him, and showed that any claim to be a servant of his emperor was a lie by his disobedience of his emperor's command to surrender. A fitting end of the Kamikazes.
Ugaki was a coward.
Wrong! It helped the saki marchers!
The argument still rages on the Unites Sates using the bomb to end the war. I think there is no doubt that in the dire situation they faced in 1944 and early 1945, Japan would have had no hesitation in using nuclear weapons, both tactically and strategically to achieve victory, had they developed them in time. And had the US not used atomic weapons, the whole nation of Japan being used as a special attack force to defend against invasion would have seen slaughter on scale never seen before in human history.
Very true.
Many of those criticising the use of atomic bombs never wore a uniform, let alone fought the fanatical Japanese.
All absolutely true.
And I think it's evident the ignition of these 2 bombs over Japan and the resulting human & physical damage incurred has successfully discouraged anyone else's use of them against another country or people.
At least so far.
The fact that the Russians finally decided to actively militarily enter the war against Japan at nearly the same time as the nuclear destruction of their two cities, may have also influenced their final decision to surrender. Caught between two powerful adversaries, the Japanese had realistically no other choice but to surrender to avoid complete annihilation as a country.
@@andrewtaylor940 Thank you for the added details! The deteriorating Japanese civilian situation, which added to the pressure to end the war, seems to have been greatly minimized by the West and you are absolutely right in pointing this out as a cofactor in Hirohito's decision to seek a way out to save his country from total ruin.
The word "special " has a nice ring to it when it's used as a substitute word
"A pressure which encouraged volunteering". .... deeelicious......
Yes, I would not like to be subject to the 'pressure' of a death-worshipping Japanese commander who saw my only value as a suicide bomb.
The admiral demands the right to choose a method of his death while sending tens of thousands of young men to die with no choice. Such arrogance.
Not if you understand the Japanese psyche. You cannot use western reasoning on a culture that is quite different.
@@Slaktrax I spent 3 years in Japan from early 2009 through late 2012. I am very familiar with their society.
@@Slaktrax Of course we can. After defeating them.
This seems a common thread in the IJN , issuing orders that result in senseless losses and deaths while they themselves sit safely in the homeland. One wonders; if these admirals were standing to on the bridges of these ships, would the orders have been the same
Ugaki wanted to die as a warrior. Instead, he ignored the wishes of the Emperor and instead committed a crime. If anyone died because of his attack then it was murder. A similar attack by Americans in reverse circumstances would have resulted in an orgy of Japanese retribution. He was not a warrior, he was a fanatic.
Picture appears to be Admiral Ugaki right before his infamous kamikaze attack AFTER Japan surrendered. He was criticized for taking other young fliers with him on the attack. The marines found him in a wrecked plane on a beach and used a rope and jeep, I think, to pull his body out of the plane.
It's telling that Japanese officers spoke of making any sacrifice to insure the continued existence of Japan, when in reality they were only trying to insure the continued existence of THEIR Japan. A Japan were feudal warlords and officers lived in their own world of privilege, and the vast majority of Japanese only lived to serve them in a "medieval" type of society. Japan itself was NEVER in danger of being removed from the earth. Anyone can look at Japan today if they are in doubt of that fact. During WWII the Japanese "leaders" and officers proved, by their savage mistreatment of prisoners and conquered people, that they had absolutely no honor at all. If that sounds harsh, check out 'The Rape of Nanking', by Iris Chang, copyright 1997.
I have watched almost all of these videos, assembled from diaries and memoirs written after the War was over and I can't help but feel the utter hopelessness, sadness that is the result of war. What a waste of everything decent. I hope and pray that God will judge those that made the ultimate sacrifice of their lives on all sides with mercy.
I dont know why but ive been in awe of ww2 since i was a wee lad from Birmingham 😮
Yer from Alabama? Roll Tide! Yeehah.
@@richardm3023 noooo the original birmingham england boyyyy
@@Nochancet.v yeehah! Roll...um...uh...Ashton Villa???
@richardm3023 yeah mate !!! Aston villa fc!!!! Or birmingham city fc
@@Nochancet.v honestly. I don't really watch much sports anymore. Seems either boring or fixed.
Idk. From what I've read a lot of pilots in the suicide squad were not so eager and were shamed, threatened and forced. I guess this is just from one person's perspective.
I've read accounts that some of the pilots had their canopies bolted shut and in grneral the planes were given only enough fuel to reach the target.
The author alluded to this at 15:55 "there developed a pressure that encouraged volunteering"
@@Iamkcs2c typically (Japanese) understated to the extreme.
@@Iamkcs2c”encouraged volunteering” is ominous
I’d like to read more true accounts of the kamikaze pilots and phenomenon. What book did you read and does anyone else have recommendations?
I am not a war veteran I just study and watch a lot of ww2 videos and from my perspective is that loosing your trained pilots is why wars are lost Germany in the Battle of Britain lost countless pilots captured or lost at sea because they had lousy air sea rescue the Japanese and their Kamikaze just dam crazy as an Australian I think the Americans with there tour of duty then go home and past their knowledge onto the new pilots
As a retired US Marine, I find these videos insightful, but very sad. While the willingness to give ones life in defense of his country is admirable on an individual level, to organize suicide attacks from the highest levels of command are despicable and reflect selfishness and corrupt leadership. Willingness to wantonly sacrifice your men and a significant portion of your civilian population is just plain evil.
Tameichi Hara was captain of the Yahagi. He got fished out of the water and survived to write his book.
In war, it is important to remember that honor and courage may be expressed in equal measure by the warriors and soldiers of any combatant nation. There are no nations of cowards. All young men will sacrifice and die, never mind what side they are on. The Americans and the Japanese were equally brave in battle. The only differences, really, were the ways in which they went about it. True to their culture, the Japanese thought as a group, not as individuals. It does not matter if they were the enemy at the time, honor and courage must be respected, no matter what its origin. In this, we must honor the Japanese.
Japan was wise to surrender in August 1945. The Soviets, having completed the fighting in Germany, saw an opportunity to secure a partial occupation of Japan and other formerly Japanese occupied territory. They blew through Manchuria and would've invaded Japan about the same time as the US. Life in postwar Japan would have been much worse had this occurred.
I read a Korean take on Japan's slowness to surrender. They viewed it as causing a greater catastrophe than just Hiroshima and Nagasaki - the Korean War. Had Japan surrendered earlier then the Korean peninsula would not have been partially occupied by the Soviets -> there would not have been a partition at the 38th parallel -> no war 5 years later.
There were analysts who had called for surrender as early as mid 44. One guy went so far as to brief Tojo. Days later he was reassigned from Tokyo to China. xd
Also, the US promised the Soviets a lot of concessions at Potsdam in exchange for Soviet entry into the war 90 days after the defeat of Germany. Those specific promises were greater than the kind of generalized wishfulness Japan was offering as part of their fantasy plan to get the Soviets to take up arms beside Japan against the Anglosphere.
The Eastern campaign was pretty much a land grab as the Soviets steam rollered over the Japanese. Big reward for a month of work for Stalin....unlike the USA in the west who got 1/3 of half of Germany and half of Berlin.
I guess the IOUs from arms sales was the big bonus for USA for European theater?
Okinawa is not considered one of the home islands. The Japanese wanted the sovereignty of the Emporer included as a condition of the surrender, but the US rejected this. Once MacArthur was in control he wisely took a laissez faire attitude on this.@@joesmith701
Interesting. Mao didn’t defeat the Kuomintang until 1948….probably too late to affect a division of Korea. Had the Soviets been occupying Manchuria, who knows how that would have worked out. @@Iamkcs2c
The glory days of Japan surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and SE Asia were forgotten.
Gone were the memories of the thousands of their victims all across SE Pacific.
The invaders forgot they were the cause of their own defeat. The aggression of their relentless assaults, murder of multitudes of innocent victims, use of captive women for their lusts, and devotion to evil were ignored as they sought to expand their empire across the South Pacific.
At the end of the war and defeat inevitable, the war lords couldn't face the reality of their own aggression and cause of their defeat.
It’s curious how he notes, almost in passing, the atomic destruction of Hiroshima and makes no mention at all of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki or the reasons for it. Too painful maybe?
Such a talented bedding officer gone west. Squandered talent gone to waste
The folly of human beings is amazing. Germany and Japan somehow thought they could take on the easily two most powerful nations of the time, the USSR and the USA, and win. Add in the British empire, well the final outcome followed.
I would love to hear these as Podcasts with few commercials.
otherwise great work.
What commercials? I have seen/heard none.
35:30 I wonder if the pilots just made the calls back to say they were making their final dive when they were really
about to get shot down... and they just wanted to keep everybody's morale high
Is that plane in the photo a Suisei (“Judy”)?
I wondered that, too. I think it is the torpedo bomber... with the long greenhouse canopy.
Seems too big for a fighter.
Yup. Judys have versions with an inline engine and a radial engine.
old men killing young men for nothing.....
Bataan death march
Kamikeze
The rape of Nan King
Running the gauntlet
And another 1/2 dozen reasons i have 0 sympathy for these people
I wasn't born yet but i know enough. If not for the atomic bomb we would have had to land on the mainland and take it hand to hand with terrible losses. There are other nations not to be trusted ever again also. Weird thing tho, i guess not everybody remembers because it looks like war again
And of course, the supremely notorious and disgusting:
"Unit 731 (Japanese: ７３１部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai), short for Manshu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment and the Ishii Unit, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons"
My father saw what unspeakable atrocities they did in New Guinea, and while that is not the worst by any means, he was traumatised for life by it. 😮
Ehhhhh... invading would have been stupid. Japan is a series of islands lacking critical natural resources. A naval blockade combined with naval and air bombardment would have led to mass starvation...along with casualties from ongoing attacks. Japan had no real means of resisting. Japanese casualties would have been even more horrific. Invasion was popular with Army and Marine generals who didn't want to cede position to the Navy and Army Air Force.
I wonder if some of their reports of damage to American ships weren't embellished by the pilots. It sounds as though half the fleet was put out of action.
They definitely overstated the effects of the attacks. America built an unprecedented number of warships, but even we couldn't have kept up this rate
Unintended consequences. Death over life. As beautiful as self sacrifice may be viewed from the Japanese perspective, it was seen from the American perspective as maniacal. It unhappily led to a very dim view of Japanese culture. Time heals and a greater understanding has thankfully taken place.
😮😮
Some men would rather die than adjust to a new reality.
I wonder if one of the reasons the Admiral wanted to die is because he was avoiding possible trial later.😢
I think he was humiliated given his language such as accusing US forces of arrogance - I rather think he was talking about himself.
There is nothing noble in wasting a life for a cause that is evil to begin with. The ingrained attitude of this kind of following is demented and wasteful of life given by God. The (Emperor) was a blatant fool of whom bears the responsibility of lives lost.
If Hirohito had refused to approve the starting of the war the military work have killed him.
When he did surrender the surviving hardliners attempted a coup.
The culture was as insane as the Nazis.
@@mikespangler98 the "attempted coup" you talked about was a minority in the Japanese Army where a handful of Mid ranked officers literally had to kill their commanding officer to forge documents to start. And not all the mid ranked officers who participated in various points knew that two other officers killed the commander. However I would agree prior to the start of the war the chance for a coup would've likely been much greater which also might have influenced Hirohito in starting the war.
Sad story of these men. I don’t see the glory or honor.
1700 pilots in kamikaze attacks is a waste of manpower, equipment, and resources. There is a famous quote that this story reminds me of “A Man must know his limitations”! The leadership of Japan violated this quote.
Always hoping for that one last Divine Wind to repeat itself. Unfortunately for them the Divine Wind was just sheer luck and nothing more.
I wonder how much sake it would take to make me volunteer.
I'm not saying i could drink all of it, but they would have to put on a night shift.
the whole kamikkaze idea is beyond disgusting.
Kamakaze, what a waste of young men horribly brainwashed.
Ugaki defied the Emperor's call to surrender and proceeded with his suicidal attack? He even allowed a younger pilot to sit next to him in a cockpit made for just one? Japanese often tell me Americans are racist and this influenced their decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. But this fanatic resistance in the face of certain defeat must have also influenced the American decision.
Kamikaze had 1 fatal flaw the pilot was sure to die
these idiots didn't even flinch when over 100, 000 burned to death in Tokyo
To quote Country Joe and The Fish 🎵Well, there ain’t no time wonder why. Whoopee!! We’re all gonna die!🎵
Be the first one on the block,
To have your kid come home in a box!
Sleeping Giant Syndrome.
Many of the comments in this thread reflect the unbridgeable gap between cultures. Read Ruth Benedict’s description of Guilt Cultures v. Shame Cultures in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.
....... 'arrogant enemy'. 'conceited enemy'? from a wwII Japanese. wow. that is pure sh!+.
Ok, six ads in the first 30 mins. Unsubscribing.
From all of UA-cam? I doubt it.