How do brass instruments work??
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- Опубліковано 11 вер 2024
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Wow, I was just asking my physics teacher about the physics behind a brass instrument and he told me he wasn't sure but I could probably find something that could help me, and now my favorite trombone player has just posted this!
Your physics teacher doesn't know how a brass instrument produces a sound? That's odd
Tell your teacher to go read "The Science of Brass Instruments," by Murray Campbell, Joel Gilbert, and Arnold Myers. There aren't too many of us, but I'm a trombone player with a physics degree. This video is pretty badass!
@@jacobruiz97 I think he knows that, but I don't think he could explain much more or connect it to brass playing since he doesn't play a brass instrument
@@jorymil Thank you for letting me know!
I’ve been playing trumpet for 5 years and I never counted to see how many different notes we could play just by doing different fingerings until watching this video.
I just went to my first jazz show last night for my birthday and my parents were wondering how the sax and trumpet worked, I'll make sure to show this to them this is really cool!!
"Here's the question, how does a trombone work?"
As someone who was in a gold medal DCI corps and played trombone in a jazz band, I still don't understand how trombone works
I've been playing trumpet for 10 years and I just knew how to move up and down. Once he explained the ratio between the notes and I ran through the notes you can play on open valves my mind was blown. Low C on trumpet to middle G, a fifth, then G back to C, a fourth, C to E, a perfect third, e to G, minor third, and it kinda falls apart for clean notes there because the ratio keeps getting smaller and smaller. But that is SO fascinating to me
Wow you just made me understand what i never thought i would
Thanks alot!
Great video Christopher Bill! And thanks for the Trombone Visualizer shout out! That’s a pretty crazy way of tuning a guitar! Never thought of it that way
Wow this was SUPER interesting! I’ve never heard it explained this way but it made so much sense! Thank you!
There are 4 Valve Trumpets & also Valve Trombones which have the same range and Fingerings as a Trumpet but down an Octave because it's just twice the length.
Valve trombone is pitched one octave below trumpet. Same fingerings: 1st valve = 2 half steps, 2nd valve = 1 half step, 3rd valve = 3 half steps. It's not perfect, though: 1st plus 2nd valves isn't quite the same as the 3rd valve. To compensate for this effect, brass instruments often add a fourth valve. They even call them "Compensating" instruments. But that's video #2 or #3 ;-)
@@jorymil Yes the 4th Valve lowers the pitch by a perfect fourth and the Miraphohe company (few other companies too) makes Valve Trombones with 4 Valves. Juan Tizol was a Puerto Rican Trombonist known for playing Valve Trombone with Duke Ellington and his Jazz Orchestra. Anything written for Trumpet can be played on Valve Trombone cause it has the same fingerings, the only difference is that it'll come out sounding an Octave lower.
@@jorymil John Sanders was another Valve Trombone icon who also played with Duke Ellington and his Jazz Orchestra.
Wanted to learn trombone, accidentally ended up playing guitar.
This is a really nice explanation, many thanks. I never knew that there are only 7 positions in trombone, and that they're halftone apart. I thought there are a lot more positions that every player have to memorize. But I didn't understand how you select which harmonic will sound on a trombone. On a guitar you stop other harmonics with a finger touch but how is it done on a trombone? Do you sing them with your voice as you play so they resonate?
We buzz the overtone pitch with our lips and because that resonance is so strong in the fundamental, it is easily played!
Additionally, with trombone there is technically 7 slide positions, but realistically there are a lot more than that, those main 7 are just a guide and you just have to hear what you are playing in conjunction with the rest of the band to really get it in tune. I have noticed that, a lot of the time, I have to slightly change where I am in regards to the position when playing notes on different partials. I could be wrong in some of this since I have only been playing for about 6 years, but I think I am at least mostly correct.
This is such a cool way to demonstrate it.
This was really helpful. Thank you!
"how does brass instruments work? well i'm gonna tell you..."
*pulls out a guitar
what a legend move
Very interesting demonstration! Learned a lot!
Explained it better than college professors trying to teach over zoom. Truly shows how music education has evolved through covid. Teachers or professors now have little to no clue on how to make an online class or video engaging and genuinely fun to watch or be a part of. It is our job as future and current music educators to create fun and interesting ways to teach our students no matter how big the obstacle is thrown our way. Thanks for the inspirational video Chris!
What a great explanation, you really make it easy to understand in this video. As for what song you should prepare, I think you should do little except from Ode to Joy (the part that everyone knows). It’d be short, iconic, and not too complex
Awesome explanation. Thanks!
I think fly or die would absolutely hit on that guitar
Sometimes pressing a valve takes away tubing length rather than adding it. There's a really cool configuration of french horns that was used (in France mostly) a while back called 'ascending 3rd'. It raises the instrument by a whole step. It's a neat idea.
Well done. Thanks
I needed the TW for bearded Chris 😂 I was so used to naked face Chris
Flight of the bumblebee!
Something I never really cottoned onto is the notion of "slotting." Thinking about it in terms of overtones, though, you can look at it like "how well does the horn resonate at this particular overtone?" As you go higher in the range, the relative strength of the overtone compared to its neighbors gets less, and your lips have to do more work.
There are many pieces of music which use the harmonic series to construct their themes.
How about a little Gabriel's Oboe (Trombone) for chromatic guitar? Should be easy enough for someone of your caliber. 😇
At around 2:43 you say it's the reverse with the string. Longer string, longer tubing--both equal lower notes, no?
That's correct! The function of the instrument itself is the opposite. Guitar we start with the full length and then press frets to shorten it, brass we start with the shortest and use valves/slide to extend it.
See, that's confusing. Because it depends where one starts and the speed/frequency at which one's lips are vibrating. The trombone is a perfect example of that. But if we're talking tube/string length, the trombone gets shorter from E as the notes go higher just like guitar string E gets shorter as the notes go higher. It's exactly the same.
I'm not sure about the correct terminology, but it might be good to differentiate overtones from harmonics. When you're playing the 2nd harmonic, you're not just cutting out the fundamental "overtone", you're removing half of the overtones. Thus it is radically different from e.g. overtone singing, where you're emphasizing single overtones while still producing all of the overtones of the fundamental note.
In your EQ example you can easily show this by cutting out the lowest frequency: the note stays the same. Cut out every second peak and it starts sounding like a higher note.
It's a good point. I was very surprised to find out that when I play one of the overtones on a brass instrument, that pitch itself is the fundamental for its own overtone series!
Ok I'm a pianist so bear with the super dumb question: are the distances between slide positions equal, or do they taper like the frets on the guitar fingerboard? Or at that scale is it even noticeable?
The ratio between them is exactly the same as the frets on a guitar (although a lot lower, so that distance is multiplied considerably)
Hey, quick question: if a trumpet has three valves, they should provide 8 different combinations, from all closed to all opened. Are there two combinations that render the same horn length? 🤔
Yes!
1 & 2 = 3
(Roughly)
Edit: (sorry it’s pretty wordy) The reason I say roughly is because the number of curves in the tubing is different, and the length is slightly different too. Because of the physics of a tube or something like that, the lower the note (the longer the extension of tubing) the wider apart the notes are, so the 3rd valve sometimes is “longer” than 1 & 2, but even with that, trumpets and other instruments typically need to be able have some kind of mechanism to slide out and extend the length of tubing on the third valve to be in tune. So theoretically 1&2 and 3 are the same, but in practice it depends on the manufacturer.
This is the same as 4th position on trombone
Okay so this is how the valves work: the first valves lowers the pitch by a whole step or 2 half steps, the second valve lowers the pitch by a half step, and the third valve lowers the pitch by 3 half steps, so if you try each valve combination you’ll get: 1st valve is a whole step, second valve is a half step, third valve is 3 half steps, first and second valve is 3 half steps, second and third valve is 2 hole steps, first and second is 5 half steps, and all three valves is 3 whole steps
so here you can see that engaged both the first and the second valve will lower the pitch by 3 half steps and engaging only the third valve will lower the pitch the same amount, so while yes, mathematically there are 8 valve combinations 2 of the the will lower the pitch the same amount and generally players will do first and second valve instead of using the third but I don’t know why trombone is my main instrument
Edit: I’m a dumb freshman in high school who plays trombone so if I’m wrong correct me
Also I don’t know how much music theory you know so just fyi one whole step = two half step I hope I answered you’re question :)
@@camdenrad1124 That's very interesting!
I now wonder why they decided to go with 1-2-3 half-steps instead of 1-2-4 half-steps, which would have provided 8 different pitches and an extra half-step of range.
Yes you are right, there are 8 combinations but valve 3 on its own is the same as 1 and 2 together
valve 1 reduces pitch by a tone
valve 2 reduces pitch by a semitone
valve 3 reduces pitch by a tone + semitone (minor 3rd)
chromatically descending the combinations of valves are
0 C open
2 B semitone lower
1 Bb tone lower
1 2 A tone + semitone lower (valve 3 could be used instead of 1 2 here)
2 3 Ab 2 tones lower
1 3 G perfect 4th lower
1 2 3 F# tritone lower
just asking, what mouth piece do you use
I call my guitar my "six-string trombone." :-)
Does this also apply to woodwinds and over-blowing/bending notes?
I think that overblowing has something to do with overtones but I'm pretty sure that pitch bending is not related to overtones. (I think it has to do with the changing of the mouth shape/pressure on the mouthpiece/reed to make it flatter or sharper by changing the size of the area.)
How about Rochut, Melodious Etudes, book 1, No. 2. 😁
Yess!
We love Rochut 2!
More of a fan of #4, myself.
Can you play Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, by Mozart.
Rolling thunder?
Ha first comment, that what happens when you subscribe and have notifs on 😉
That's righttttt
Would alternate positions also work on this guitar?
100%! Alternate F for example could be played 1st string 6th harmonic, 4th string 7th harmonic, or 6th string 8th harmonic!
Bolero
Bolero! Yes!!!
491st >BD
Second