Modifiers ।। HSC English।। সবচেয়ে সহজে ।। নিজেই পরীক্ষা করুন

Modifier-এর সাথে আমরা ছোট্ট বেলা থেকেই পরিচিত। হয়ত নামটি জানতাম না যে এর নাম modifier। যেমন এই ছড়াটি আমরা সবাই পড়েছি।
I love my country
I love my land
Green Bangladesh
My homeland.
এখানে my, my, green এবং my এরা হচ্ছে modifier.
আরেকটি উদাহরণ দেখা যাক।
Nilima is a very good girl.
এখানে good, very, এবং article a এরা সবাই modifier.
তাহলে প্রশ্ন হচ্ছে modifier জিনিসটা আসলে কি?
Cambridge Dictionary এর মতে,
“A word or phrase that is used with another word or phrase to limit or add to its meaning.”
কঠিন মনে হচ্ছে? তাহলে একটু সহজ করে বলা যাক। modify মানে হচ্ছে to change slightly অর্থাৎ সামান্য পরিবর্তন করা। তাহলে modifier হচ্ছে যা সামান্য পরিবর্তন করে। আমরা modifier ব্যবহার করি, word অথবা phrase কে আরো সুস্পষ্ট, আরো specific করার জন্য।
In fact, modifier ব্যবহার ছাড়া আমরা আমাদের কথা বার্তা বলা বা কোন কিছু লেখা প্রায় অসম্ভব।
এবার আসা যাক, modifier কি কি হতে পারে?
Modifier হতে পারে adjective আর adverb.
এখন আসুন কে কাকে modify করে?
চলুন আমরা আমাদের আগের উদাহরণটিতে ফিরে যাই।
Nilima is a very good girl.
এখানে girl একটি noun. Girl কে modify করে good. Good একটি adjective. অর্থাৎ noun কে modify করে adjective. আবার দেখুন good কে modify করে very. Very একটি adverb. তাহলে adjective কে modify করে adverb. আবার very কে modify করে a. A একটি article বা বৃহত্তরভাবে বললে a একটি determiner.
আবার আসুন, adverb শুধু adjective কেই modify করে না, adverb- adjective ছাড়াও verb এবং adverb কেও modify করে। যেমন-
Adjective = Nilima is a very good girl.
Verb = She walks slowly.
Adverb = She walks very slowly.
ব্যস, আমাদের modifier সম্পর্কে আলোচনা শেষ।
এখন আমাদের শিখতে হবে কিছু technical terms. এগুলোও আপনাদের আগে থেকেই জানা আছে হয়ত নাম গুলো জানা নেই। এগুলো আমি এখন আলোচনা করছি।
যেমন- Pre-modifier আর post-modifier কি?
চলুন আমরা আমাদের আগের উদাহরণ গুলোতে ফিরে যাই
Nilima is a very good girl.
She walks slowly.
এখানে girl কে modify করে good. Good, girl এর আগে বসেছে। সুতরাং এটি হচ্ছে pre-modifier. আর পরের বাক্যে walks কে modify করে slowly. এটি হচ্ছে post-modifier. Pre মানে পূর্বে আর post মানে পরে। সুতরাং আগে বসলে pre-modifier আর পরে বসলে post-modifier.
এবার চলুন, আমরা কিছু Technical Terms শিখি যে নাম গুলো না জানলে modifier করতে আমাদের ভীষণ অসুবিধা হবে।
1. Apposition/Appositive: Kazi Nazrul Islam, our national poet, was born in Churulia.
2. Determiner: (article) a, an, the
3. Possessive: my, your, his, their etc.
4. Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
5. Quantifier: some, few, little etc.
6. Infinitive: to+verb - to go
7. Infinitive Phrase: to+verb+ one/more words - to go there
8. Participle: verb+ing - going
9. Participle Phrase: verb+ing+one/more words - going there
10. Intensifier: so/very
11. Noun Adjective: English class
12. Adverbial Phrase: at random
13. Relative close: that she lost her purse
14. Numeric: one, two, nine etc.
My facebook link:
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#Modifiers #EnglishGrammar #EnglishLearningTutorial

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ধন্যবাদ স্যার ☺

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