0:00 - Glycolysis 0:29 - Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA by PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) 0:43 - Krebs Cycle, Citric Acid Cycle 1:11 - Central Metabolism 1:29 - Why go through central metabolism? ATP!! 1:53 - Reduced cofactors (more ATP through ETC) → ATPs for cells to survive 2:19 - Other monosaccharides can enter central metabolism 2:57 - What about Proteins (amino acids)? Glucogenic & Ketogenic AAs 4:23 - Excess nitrogens → Urea Cycle (in Liver) 5:58 - What about Fatty Acids? Beta-Oxidation (reduced cofactors & acetyl-CoA produced) 7:13 - Reversible Glycolysis → Gluconeogenesis 7:35 - Irreversible Reaction: Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA 7:52 - Gluconeogenesis (genesis of new glucose molecules) 8:15 - Sources of carbons for glucose (for gluconeogenesis): lactate, glycerol 9:00 - Alpha-keto acids as a source of carbons for glucose? NOPE (Acetyl-CoA enters TCA cycle) 9:31 - Can we take proteins/amino acids to form glucose? Depends (Glucogenic vs. Ketogenic AAs) 12:05 - Using fatty acids to form glucose? Acetyl-CoA? No, BUT last 3-carbon molecules can be converted to glucose 12:40 - Importance of Acetyl-CoA (for fatty acid synthesis, phospholipids, triacylglycerides) 13:37 - Fed State (excess carbs & proteins stored as triacylglycerides) 15:04 - Serine + Palmitic Acid → sphingosine backbone → cerimide → sphingomyelin/cerebroside/ganglioside) 16:05 - Fasted State (breakdown of triacylglycerides) 16:54 - Fasted State (ketogenesis in liver): 3 Acetyl Co-A molecules converted to HMG-CoA 17:33 - Why forming ketoacids? (ketolysis: ketoacids to acetyl-CoA to enter TCA Cycle) 18:15 - HMG-CoA can be converted to Isoprene → build larger molecules (Fed State) 19:07 - Biosynthesis of Cholesterol 19:26 - Cholesterol used to create hormones 20:16 - Biosynthesis of amino acids 22:09 - Importance of Serine (Folate cycle, Methionine cycle; SAM - universal methyl donor) 23:20 - PAPS (universal sulfur donor) 23:55 - Glycosylation (monosaccharides from intermediates of glycolysis) 25:32 - Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) 25:50 - NADPH cofactors - electron donor to build bond during anabolism 26:14 - Reduced glutathione (endogenous anti-oxidant) 27:21 - Free radicals produced from ETC 28:46 - Biosynthesis of nucleic acids 30:02 - Degradation of nucleic acids 30:47 - Biosynthesis of nuerotransmitters 32:05 - Biosynthesis of porphyrin ring (used for hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome, ETC) 32:44 - Big picture - see the forest! (links in the description box for each pathway in detail) 33:22 - Limitations to central metabolism: Essential Vitamins (must be obtained from diet) 34:04 - Essential Minerals (must be obtained from diet) 34:42 - Our limitations to central metabolism - final note El fin! Now go get that 528 you guys 🏃♀️🏃♂️
I've taken biochem, sat in on biochem classes, and have been in an MCAT prep course and this was the BEST EXPLANATION I have ever had on these processes. I knew bits and pieces but this guy explained them in a way that had everything just click. I feel so empowered now! Biochem is amazing!
Not ONE college-level textbook ever explained the relationship between cellular metabolism all in one scoop. sure they gave you ONE diagram with vague descriptions, but they never connected it as a whole mechanism like you. It's really easier to understand the role of cellular respiration taking into consideration proteins/fatty acids/and sugars. THANK YOU SO MUCH for the time and dedication to this video, you explained all these really way and simplified (w/o dumbing it down) :)
I watched this to study for the MCAT. I watched this to study for biochem my first year of medical school. And here I am watching this my second year of medical school to study for endocrine. I pray I never have to watch this again, but thank you, this is the BEST explanation!
Amazing summary, this approach should be the first class of every biochemistry class, unfortunately they dive into details and never give us the big picture. Essential video for first learners!
This might be the best explanation I have ever seen. Someone hire this guy. I mean seriously. Not only does he explain everything like a tenured professor at Harvard, but relates everything to the holistic vision of biochemical processes in our bodies. Unreal. Thank you!
I HAVE BEEN STUDYING FOR THE MCAT FOR 4 MONTHS. I HAVE WATCHED MANY YT VIDEOS... ON MANY TOPICS (BELIEVE ME). THIS. THIS HANDS DOWN. THIS IS THE MOST INFORMATIVE, WELL-ORCHESTRATED, THOUGHTFUL, AND INTUITIVE VIDEO I HAVE WATCHED ON THIS TOPIC. AND OF ALL TOPICS, THIS HAPPENS TO BE THE HARDEST. YOUR CHANNEL DEFINITELY LIVES UP TO ITS NAME BRAVO
@@nikaylal No--I'm writing my personal statement and activities section right now and'll be applying this upcoming cycle for the first time. I ended up bombind CARS on the real deal (122) and got 3.72/509. MD or DO, I'll take it--not looking to apply a second cycle by any means. Cheers
Wow... I never comment on UA-cam videos but this is everything and more that I've been looking for in my MCAT studying! I hope both sides of your pillow are cold at night
This 30m video has tied together everything I've learned in all my years of schooling and a TON of my things that I never even thought of. This is gold bra!!
This is an amazing summary. I know everyone is saying it in the comments, but this video should literally have a million views. I have spent 20-30 minutes on just the first couple minutes to outline the steps of glycolysis for myself and man you are amazing. In the first 6 minutes, I am having total brain explosions just from the connections that you are putting together that I never quite got. Thank you so much. I always skip ads but not here
I am a non-trad and only took two bio courses after my Eng degree. I got 129 in BB thanks to this channel. Don't know how to thank you. I hope you make videos of more advanced concepts like IC-50 (as you promised, JK😜) or do greater things in medicine-related education. ❤❤🙏🙏🙏🙏
@periodtyt kaplan content review is best (altho Princeton review is more comprehensive for physics). Also khan academy is good. The most important tho is doing practice questions and then more practice questions
You are a god. There is no better way to make this kind of video, and I thank you eternally for every bit of energy you put into it. I could go on in detail
Instead of a biochemistry class, the professor should give every student 1 semester to watch this video at their own pace and ask whatever questions they want about it. Then at the end a final exam going over the content
WOW WOW WOW WOW!!!! This video should have 1MILLION+ likes!!!!!!! This is sooooo gooood, if someone is able to put everything big picture together like this - you’ll master metabolism forever. Thank you!!!!!
Wow, I finally found someone putting this together. I am preparing for the MCAT and I have not taken biochemistry. I will watch all your videos and study them as my preparation biochem course. Thank you so much. I only wish the pink structures were more visible.
Thank you so much for this video! I've been trying to figure out the details of metabolism for the last 2 weeks and you summarized it all so well in just 34 minutes. You are the best!
I've taken biochem in both undergrad and medical school and this is by far the best video I've seen! Keep simplifying the science and make more videos!
I am not sure why i think this way! I really think if you can just do 3 of this videos on Biochem, you will be my Biochem textbook and reference source. Esp for those prepping for professional school exams. Biochem needs to be taught by people like you who can help students make meaning and relevance out of them. Without this simplification and connection to the cell as a whole, Biochem becomes unnecessarily complex, irrelevant, and difficult. Thank you sir. You are great. Like Khan Academy, you need a place call Biochemistry Academy (taught by you) lol
Wow this was so great! Is it suffice to just watch this 1 video and take detailed notes? or should I also watch all the separate videos you made? (first time learning metabolism)!
This videos purpose is to relate all the pathways, but does not go into enough detail on each individual pathway to be sufficient for the MCAT. Strongly strongly recommend “Kaplan MCAT biochemistry” it’s a great resource for MCAT. But this videos goal was to lay foundation to understand big picture.
I still don't understand why acetyl-CoA can't be converted back into glucose once it goes through the krebs cycle and becomes oxeloacetate Also, love the videos bro. This is the second one I'm watching of yours because they don't put me to sleep like everyone elses. Keep up the good work man! We all appreciate you tons
Acetyl coa has 2 carbons it could theoretically donate for the production of glucose molecules.. however, once acetyl coa enters krebs, very quickly both of those carbons are lost as CO2 and are breathed out of the body.. does that make sense? So the carbons are lost in decarboxylation reactions before they could have ever been used as carbons for the production of glucose molecules
@@sciencesimplified3890why doesn't that happen to every acetyl-CoA then? thanks for taking the time to write back. im totally learning more from these videos than class
You are a fuckin' GENIUS! I'm in medical school, and our biochemistry teacher is an asshole who doesn't know shit and only tells us to read his powerpoint files. You made it much easier to understand, thank you!
@@sciencesimplified3890 Thanks. Probably this cut-off point is higher in human cells? In yeast, it should be quite common from ethanol and pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, and then through the TCA cycle to oxaloacetate, then to phosphoenolpyruvate.
Feel like some things aren’t specified properly, the nitrogen group on the amino acids for urea cycle are ammonia. Which is important as this gives understanding to the enzymes involved and what deficiencies within the cycle will cause
There are a few errors I’ve noticed in the first 10 minutes of this video- there are irreversible steps during glycolysis (Steps 1, 3, and 10) that must be circumvented for gluconeogenesis to take place. Additionally, at 11:25 , acetyl-CoA goes through the cycle two times before it’s lost as CO2 during the third time (as proven by isotopic studies). I haven’t watched the entire video, but don’t you think it would be helpful to include the enzyme names?
Those steps are in fact reversible and that's why we can do gluconeogensis in the first place, we do need to use different enzymes using free energy from ATP to bypass those steps.. but I chose to not list enzymes because the purpose of this video was to show how different pathways interact with one another (with the individual links below providing more in-depth details of enzyme names, intermediates, regulation etc).. for the acetyl coa thing.. the point I was making was why carbons in acetyl coa will never be able to be used to build glucose and hence why certain amino acids are ketogenic vs glucogenic that was the concept I wanted to explain.. yes one carbon dioxide comes from acetyl coa and the other carbon dioxide technically comes from oxaloacetate, but for teleological teaching purposes I wanted the viewer to understand that in the context of metabolic flux in real systems, due to the enzymes our cells express one should not view the carbons in acetyl coa as a source of carbons donated towards gluconeogensis.. and didn't feel it was necessary to explain that the second carbon dioxide technically comes from oxaloacetate which got that carbon from a different acetyl-coa (or thousands of other intermediates that feed into the Krebs cycle).. The purpose of this video was to show connections between pathways and there were hundreds of little technicalities I could have added but I wanted the video to be ~30 minutes
0:00 - Glycolysis
0:29 - Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA by PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex)
0:43 - Krebs Cycle, Citric Acid Cycle
1:11 - Central Metabolism
1:29 - Why go through central metabolism? ATP!!
1:53 - Reduced cofactors (more ATP through ETC) → ATPs for cells to survive
2:19 - Other monosaccharides can enter central metabolism
2:57 - What about Proteins (amino acids)? Glucogenic & Ketogenic AAs
4:23 - Excess nitrogens → Urea Cycle (in Liver)
5:58 - What about Fatty Acids? Beta-Oxidation (reduced cofactors & acetyl-CoA produced)
7:13 - Reversible Glycolysis → Gluconeogenesis
7:35 - Irreversible Reaction: Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
7:52 - Gluconeogenesis (genesis of new glucose molecules)
8:15 - Sources of carbons for glucose (for gluconeogenesis): lactate, glycerol
9:00 - Alpha-keto acids as a source of carbons for glucose? NOPE (Acetyl-CoA enters TCA cycle)
9:31 - Can we take proteins/amino acids to form glucose? Depends (Glucogenic vs. Ketogenic AAs)
12:05 - Using fatty acids to form glucose? Acetyl-CoA? No, BUT last 3-carbon molecules can be converted to glucose
12:40 - Importance of Acetyl-CoA (for fatty acid synthesis, phospholipids, triacylglycerides)
13:37 - Fed State (excess carbs & proteins stored as triacylglycerides)
15:04 - Serine + Palmitic Acid → sphingosine backbone → cerimide → sphingomyelin/cerebroside/ganglioside)
16:05 - Fasted State (breakdown of triacylglycerides)
16:54 - Fasted State (ketogenesis in liver): 3 Acetyl Co-A molecules converted to HMG-CoA
17:33 - Why forming ketoacids? (ketolysis: ketoacids to acetyl-CoA to enter TCA Cycle)
18:15 - HMG-CoA can be converted to Isoprene → build larger molecules (Fed State)
19:07 - Biosynthesis of Cholesterol
19:26 - Cholesterol used to create hormones
20:16 - Biosynthesis of amino acids
22:09 - Importance of Serine (Folate cycle, Methionine cycle; SAM - universal methyl donor)
23:20 - PAPS (universal sulfur donor)
23:55 - Glycosylation (monosaccharides from intermediates of glycolysis)
25:32 - Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)
25:50 - NADPH cofactors - electron donor to build bond during anabolism
26:14 - Reduced glutathione (endogenous anti-oxidant)
27:21 - Free radicals produced from ETC
28:46 - Biosynthesis of nucleic acids
30:02 - Degradation of nucleic acids
30:47 - Biosynthesis of nuerotransmitters
32:05 - Biosynthesis of porphyrin ring (used for hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome, ETC)
32:44 - Big picture - see the forest! (links in the description box for each pathway in detail)
33:22 - Limitations to central metabolism: Essential Vitamins (must be obtained from diet)
34:04 - Essential Minerals (must be obtained from diet)
34:42 - Our limitations to central metabolism - final note
El fin! Now go get that 528 you guys 🏃♀️🏃♂️
Wow thank you! Appreciate it much!
@@sciencesimplified3890 This video was perfect for tying everything up to see the big picture. Thank you for your amazing lecture!
thank you!
THANK YOU💛
Man, you have no idea how much you helped me with my mid-term exam tomorrow. I haven't even watched the video yet, but I can already say thank you.
I can't believe you don't have more followers. This was better than Khan academy.
I've taken biochem, sat in on biochem classes, and have been in an MCAT prep course and this was the BEST EXPLANATION I have ever had on these processes. I knew bits and pieces but this guy explained them in a way that had everything just click. I feel so empowered now! Biochem is amazing!
Not ONE college-level textbook ever explained the relationship between cellular metabolism all in one scoop. sure they gave you ONE diagram with vague descriptions, but they never connected it as a whole mechanism like you. It's really easier to understand the role of cellular respiration taking into consideration proteins/fatty acids/and sugars. THANK YOU SO MUCH for the time and dedication to this video, you explained all these really way and simplified (w/o dumbing it down) :)
“So that’s pretty Cool!” Never change brother, you’re saving everyone in bio chem!
I watch this once a week as part of my MCAT studying. Thank you for this gem
hey, struggling with Mcat ,any tips or site with free sample questions?
@@wycliffenyandika9017 Jack westin has practice questions
@@shannalyle2333 Thank you for responding,how do I link up with Jack Westin though ?
@@shannalyle2333 also I love all you music ,saved to my library for later 🤗
@@wycliffenyandika9017 lol glad you like it!
I watched this to study for the MCAT. I watched this to study for biochem my first year of medical school. And here I am watching this my second year of medical school to study for endocrine. I pray I never have to watch this again, but thank you, this is the BEST explanation!
good luck on this med journey currently studying for my mcat 😭
currently on the MCAT grind and praying for everyone here AAAAAA
Amazing summary, this approach should be the first class of every biochemistry class, unfortunately they dive into details and never give us the big picture. Essential video for first learners!
This might be the best explanation I have ever seen. Someone hire this guy. I mean seriously. Not only does he explain everything like a tenured professor at Harvard, but relates everything to the holistic vision of biochemical processes in our bodies. Unreal. Thank you!
I HAVE BEEN STUDYING FOR THE MCAT FOR 4 MONTHS. I HAVE WATCHED MANY YT VIDEOS... ON MANY TOPICS (BELIEVE ME).
THIS. THIS HANDS DOWN. THIS IS THE MOST INFORMATIVE, WELL-ORCHESTRATED, THOUGHTFUL, AND INTUITIVE VIDEO I HAVE WATCHED ON THIS TOPIC. AND OF ALL TOPICS, THIS HAPPENS TO BE THE HARDEST.
YOUR CHANNEL DEFINITELY LIVES UP TO ITS NAME
BRAVO
are you in med school now? :))
@@nikaylal No--I'm writing my personal statement and activities section right now and'll be applying this upcoming cycle for the first time. I ended up bombind CARS on the real deal (122) and got 3.72/509. MD or DO, I'll take it--not looking to apply a second cycle by any means.
Cheers
@@andersnelson6888 Good luck!! We're in this together
Wow... I never comment on UA-cam videos but this is everything and more that I've been looking for in my MCAT studying! I hope both sides of your pillow are cold at night
This is hands down the best biochem video I've ever seen
This 30m video has tied together everything I've learned in all my years of schooling and a TON of my things that I never even thought of. This is gold bra!!
I love this guys enthusiasm. Makes it easy to listen to.
This is an amazing summary. I know everyone is saying it in the comments, but this video should literally have a million views. I have spent 20-30 minutes on just the first couple minutes to outline the steps of glycolysis for myself and man you are amazing. In the first 6 minutes, I am having total brain explosions just from the connections that you are putting together that I never quite got. Thank you so much. I always skip ads but not here
The Organic Chemistry Tutor may have a rival here.....and that's saying quite a lot.
I salute you, sir.
I love how you just sound so stinkin excited over how cool all this chemistry is - really sets a positive atmosphere for me as a learner.
I am a non-trad and only took two bio courses after my Eng degree. I got 129 in BB thanks to this channel. Don't know how to thank you. I hope you make videos of more advanced concepts like IC-50 (as you promised, JK😜) or do greater things in medicine-related education. ❤❤🙏🙏🙏🙏
Hi! Do you happen to have any tips for the MCAT? What materials did you use to study to get your score? Thank you!
@periodtyt kaplan content review is best (altho Princeton review is more comprehensive for physics). Also khan academy is good. The most important tho is doing practice questions and then more practice questions
Without exaggeration, this is the best video on biochem I've ever watched.
You are a god. There is no better way to make this kind of video, and I thank you eternally for every bit of energy you put into it. I could go on in detail
Im watching on double speed and it’s still coherent
Instead of a biochemistry class, the professor should give every student 1 semester to watch this video at their own pace and ask whatever questions they want about it. Then at the end a final exam going over the content
WOW WOW WOW WOW!!!! This video should have 1MILLION+ likes!!!!!!! This is sooooo gooood, if someone is able to put everything big picture together like this - you’ll master metabolism forever. Thank you!!!!!
best video about mcat on youtube
Wow, I finally found someone putting this together. I am preparing for the MCAT and I have not taken biochemistry. I will watch all your videos and study them as my preparation biochem course. Thank you so much. I only wish the pink structures were more visible.
i'm in love with this man he's gonna save my ass on this biochem midterm in two days
I am not skipping ads, this one is by far the best video of metabolic pathways!!!
Thank you so much, you should have more views. i'm definitely sharing this.
each minute of this video feels so heavy and packed w amazing and concise info. THANK YOU
Thank you so much for this video! I've been trying to figure out the details of metabolism for the last 2 weeks and you summarized it all so well in just 34 minutes. You are the best!
I've taken biochem in both undergrad and medical school and this is by far the best video I've seen! Keep simplifying the science and make more videos!
Which biochem is harder in undergrad or med school ?
Voice is crazy funny but information is condensed and accurate. Cool beans
This is honestly the best, most understandable explanation/teaching of these pathways I've come across! Thank you so much!
You made extremely complex topic to extremely simplified. Thanks man! ❤️
Holy **** ! The channel should be named "Godly simplified science" ! Thank you, awesome work !
Your voice is very engaging, it helps with concentrating and you explain everything very well :)
Holy Jesus Bless this man. Years of biochem agony just came to an abrupt end. Bro you make me wanna call you daddy!
YOOO you need 10 million subscribers. I'm not even kidding. But besides that, holy moly, you are incredible at explaining this subject.
This is a better explanation than the Princeton review damn I am impressed fr
This was so helpful to just tie in all the concepts together! Thank you so much
This is a video with a very well explained biochemistry in 30 mins. Thank you!
This is such a brilliant overview of biochemistry. Wow!
AMAZING WAY OF EXPLAINING, THANK YOU!
A perfect correlation!!! Hats off to you.
Watching this the day before my MCAT. Pray for me
5/20 prayers lol
I'm sure you did great!! :)
@@itsmeashlib4394 got a 510! :)
@@priyarazdan4691 I'm so proud of you!! Keep shining! :)
Now in my second year of med school studying for STEP 1, coming back to this very same video
This is so neat. I wish all my professors can teach like you
absolute must watch video. everything is so clearly explained and logically put together, thank you!
man murdered these videos geez
You went straight to the point and had me hooked.
this is the most informative biochemistry video I have ever watched. thank you for this
The best overview I've ever come across! THANK YOU!
never thought I would say this but biochem is so amazing. THANK YOU for your wholesome explanations🔥
Perfect perfect perfect ! This is exactly what we need, a wholistic view on metabolism to get the big picture, thank you so much !
the big picture way of explaining makes this so much easier
MAN THIS IS GOLD GOD BLESS YOU THANK YOU SO MUCH!!
Prayers to everyone here
this video saved me hours of content review, thank you so much for this!!!
you're a great guy and I really appreciate this content
This is a biochemistry gem. Thank you for this.
I am not sure why i think this way! I really think if you can just do 3 of this videos on Biochem, you will be my Biochem textbook and reference source. Esp for those prepping for professional school exams. Biochem needs to be taught by people like you who can help students make meaning and relevance out of them. Without this simplification and connection to the cell as a whole, Biochem becomes unnecessarily complex, irrelevant, and difficult. Thank you sir. You are great. Like Khan Academy, you need a place call Biochemistry Academy (taught by you) lol
Wow! I have to agree with the other commenters here and say that this really helped. Thank you!
This was by far the best video summarizing everything I need in biochemistry. Thank you
Great video . Keep up the good work
When you learn more in a 30 min video than an entire kaplan book
so true it is sad
Great level of hardwork has gone in here 💪
Wow this was so great! Is it suffice to just watch this 1 video and take detailed notes? or should I also watch all the separate videos you made? (first time learning metabolism)!
This videos purpose is to relate all the pathways, but does not go into enough detail on each individual pathway to be sufficient for the MCAT. Strongly strongly recommend “Kaplan MCAT biochemistry” it’s a great resource for MCAT. But this videos goal was to lay foundation to understand big picture.
Thank you so much. This overview is what I needed
Me too..r u medical student?
@@mehfoozsidd2133 ouch bro no response
I want to hug you. Thank you good sir for everything!
This is AWESOME. You rock, dude!!!
There should really be a "But wait! There's more!" somewhere in this video. ;) Excellent job, thank you for the help!
thank you sooo much for this! my life has changed))
omg this is the best explanation ever. thank you so much!
THANK YOU, sir!!! Keep making these wonderful videos!!!
Wow! That was a great, amazing summary of biochemistry course.
this was beautiful!!!! thank you!!
I still don't understand why acetyl-CoA can't be converted back into glucose once it goes through the krebs cycle and becomes oxeloacetate
Also, love the videos bro. This is the second one I'm watching of yours because they don't put me to sleep like everyone elses. Keep up the good work man! We all appreciate you tons
Acetyl coa has 2 carbons it could theoretically donate for the production of glucose molecules.. however, once acetyl coa enters krebs, very quickly both of those carbons are lost as CO2 and are breathed out of the body.. does that make sense? So the carbons are lost in decarboxylation reactions before they could have ever been used as carbons for the production of glucose molecules
@@sciencesimplified3890why doesn't that happen to every acetyl-CoA then?
thanks for taking the time to write back. im totally learning more from these videos than class
Wow, really hands down. Super awesome
A modern masterpiece.
You are a fuckin' GENIUS! I'm in medical school, and our biochemistry teacher is an asshole who doesn't know shit and only tells us to read his powerpoint files. You made it much easier to understand, thank you!
This is insane. Bravo
The inflections of your voice make this hard to listen to, but the content is just so good. Very concise.
I love how you keep it simple cause I need that lol. Thanks so much for this vid
Great content to begin biochem 2 with! thank you!!!
This video is amazing! Thank you
Seriously awesome and invaluable review video. Many thanks!
wow you've done an amazing job here. thanks a ton
Based on KEGG, oxaloacetate can be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate, and then enter in gluconeogenesis.
Yes I’m aware of this. I just wanted to emphasize that there’s a curt off point where intermediates of Krebs can enter gluconeogensis
@@sciencesimplified3890 Thanks. Probably this cut-off point is higher in human cells? In yeast, it should be quite common from ethanol and pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, and then through the TCA cycle to oxaloacetate, then to phosphoenolpyruvate.
Dude you freaking are awesome.. so so helpful
THIS WAS GREAT! Thank youuu!!!
thanks, the best explanation i've ever seen!
It all makes sense now. Thanks 🙏
u deserve head for this
This was super helpful!!! Thank you!
Awesome videos. Just wish you would crop out the “undo paint stroke” portion, i can’t stop looking at that instead of your lecture.
Feel like some things aren’t specified properly, the nitrogen group on the amino acids for urea cycle are ammonia. Which is important as this gives understanding to the enzymes involved and what deficiencies within the cycle will cause
Can I ask, was there a particular time stamp point where I said something that was explicitly inaccurate?
Thank you for this amazing class
Just....Wowwwww🔥
good stuff! kind of a beautiful process actually:)
I have to take notes on this for Biology and its burning a hole in my brain.
this video is absolutely amazing oh my god thank you so much
Great video I wish the quality and resolution little bit better so I can zoom in the video my eyes aren't that great .
There are a few errors I’ve noticed in the first 10 minutes of this video- there are irreversible steps during glycolysis (Steps 1, 3, and 10) that must be circumvented for gluconeogenesis to take place. Additionally, at 11:25 , acetyl-CoA goes through the cycle two times before it’s lost as CO2 during the third time (as proven by isotopic studies). I haven’t watched the entire video, but don’t you think it would be helpful to include the enzyme names?
Those steps are in fact reversible and that's why we can do gluconeogensis in the first place, we do need to use different enzymes using free energy from ATP to bypass those steps.. but I chose to not list enzymes because the purpose of this video was to show how different pathways interact with one another (with the individual links below providing more in-depth details of enzyme names, intermediates, regulation etc).. for the acetyl coa thing.. the point I was making was why carbons in acetyl coa will never be able to be used to build glucose and hence why certain amino acids are ketogenic vs glucogenic that was the concept I wanted to explain.. yes one carbon dioxide comes from acetyl coa and the other carbon dioxide technically comes from oxaloacetate, but for teleological teaching purposes I wanted the viewer to understand that in the context of metabolic flux in real systems, due to the enzymes our cells express one should not view the carbons in acetyl coa as a source of carbons donated towards gluconeogensis.. and didn't feel it was necessary to explain that the second carbon dioxide technically comes from oxaloacetate which got that carbon from a different acetyl-coa (or thousands of other intermediates that feed into the Krebs cycle).. The purpose of this video was to show connections between pathways and there were hundreds of little technicalities I could have added but I wanted the video to be ~30 minutes
@@sciencesimplified3890 iirc steps 1 3 and 10 have a very negative free energy change meaning that they are irreversible