Yeah they seem to be the first professional military that used terror as part of their strategy. Invade everyone and don't stop until you simply can't advance further. The Persians, Greeks, Phonecians and Romans at least partially owe their legacies to this military.
Well the Hittites were pretty scary in their day but not quite as brutal. Of course the shang dynasty in china was scary they had a nasty habit of scarficing captives to their ancestors.
Then trench warfare came along, and the cult of the offensive caused tons of losses. It's amazing how often the balance between offensive and defensive strategies shifts, because of new tactics and technologies.
There are a fair number of them in San Diego, CA, especially in the areas further from the sea like El Cajon. Many liquor stores and smoke shops are run by Assyrians or Chaldeans there. Just say "ma'a as-salaama" (Syriac for "with peace") to the guys on your way out, and thereafter they will always be cool to you.
@@Eudoruss highly mobile warfare and projection of force over large distances.... we didn't just decide "moving around good!!" when a white dude got into a metal box or something lol. I think that was his point
@@Eudoruss try to think about it more abstractly. He's not talking about literal horses, but the concept of mobility itself in warfare. Also force projection as another comment put it.
@@pt4103 the Mongols probably sacked a good lot of their records. But there's also a predominantly a western bias in historical circles which only recently has begun falling apart.
Funny you mention Mongols, because apart from the Urartians, the Assyrians also had contacts with the Scythians..... who ALSO happened to raid Assyria, and even married into the Assyrian royalty.
This channel is good if only for avoiding the really ignorant comments you get from channels like Kings and Generals. Eg. "Wow gee, 30 years ago, we didn't have any way of learning about history. We had to pay to go to college and learn about neo-assyria from a professor certified in history. Now, we can see this stuff for free. It truly boggles the mind." and it gets 170 upvotes. And then the ignored reply, "Um... they had public libraries 30 years ago."
Doctor Justin Sledge on Esoterica recently did an episode exploring the development of Yahweh and, in it, he touches on a relevant point about the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In this time, Politics, Warfare and Faith are all barely distinguishable and, up to this time, the power structure of cities which typically were dedicated a primary deity whom the King was his representative. The innovation going on with the Neo-Assyrians is the establishment of a primacy; the god who rules over other gods, as an emperor rules over many kingdoms. This is how we go from a Pantheon of Gods to one with a God Supreme.
Nice shout, I just got round to that today. Centralisation, innit. You make sure power is flowing in to a central authority and then project it outwards. This is why king Josiah is so important in Judean history: he smashed the shrines in the countryside and made Jerusalem the focal point of worship, which allowed the state to exert increasing influence over the people. If he was indeed influenced by an Assyrian model, that would be very interesting. I guess the modern parallel would be the spread of democratic models around the world -- countries aping America and their success. I could fully see smaller kingdoms copying the Assyrians and the Assyrians gaining influence as a consequence.
@@kurremkarmerruk8718 Ideas have a survival of the fittest as well. We have to understand the competition of ideals, and the win/loss record on the battleground of reality.
It was the origin of capitalism/imperialism/fascism. In other words a socioeconomic system that’s still around today. Interestingly the imperialist royal families of Europe are distantly related to these people (or so they say at least)
@@ObjectiveMedia Imperialism, yes. Hierarchies of power existed before that, however. The development of Imperialism is a natural end goal of that set of values; Capitalism and Fascism, similarly, are specific developments which facilitate the needs of hierarchies of power. Definitely do not believe Aristocrats in their self-aggrandizing origin stories; it is a reassuring illusion that they have command over all things.
I’m half-Assyrian with my maternal grandparents having emigrated from Persia to the U.S. in 1920. This was fascinating to watch, but I’d rather walk away from a fight. 😂
Cars, aren't they? It's a rich person's flex, like a rapper in a whip. Get into trouble and you can jump in and skeet, or just do a javelin drive by. All the army thinks you're a boss and rallies around you.
I’ll try to paint a picture how I see it Think of a low flat wagon pulled usually by two horses, this would be kinda light especially for multiple horses This would basically give you a “mobile platform” that you can use in battle, you could use it to resupply ammunition (arrows, spears) And it gives you a position to fire into the enemy either throwing things or shooting arrows, they won’t catch you if they’re on foot and you have another person controlling the chariot while you shoot I believe they were almost never used to charge into a line of infantry it almost makes no sense how that would benefit the charioteers (who is usually a noble that’s living the good life) maybe they used them to run alongside fleeing men and cut them down or shot them down, or used the scythes attached to the wheels to run people down Tldr it’s basically a fast moving and versatile mobile platform, good for getting around the battlefield and keeping away from other enemies
Great video! I will buy so many things because I watched this. Food, and cars, and apps and youtube subscription. Hear that, youtube? This video makes us buy things!
Yes, when you obtain animals that have millenia of good breeding behind them and do not rely on organized cavalry tactics like in antiquity, it is a lot easier to be able to ride them into combat.
The Destruction of Sennacherib By Lord Byron (George Gordon) The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold; And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea, When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.
Can't say no to some Bronze age documentaries ! (Although, to be fair, you Sir are the only good quality youtube channel dealing frequently with Pike and Shot aera warfare, which is also much appreciated) PS : sorry for the spelling mishaps, English ain't my first language
The book "The Scythian Empire" argues that it is actually Scythians that were they first and the Assyrians adopted it from the Scythians. What do you think of this theory?.
Does anyone have a link to the image at 6:00? Wild to see a cross-medallion in Assyrian art, I know it's a coincidence but I've just never seen it before!
Fantastic video. Congrats. That Assyrian siege engine keeps me wondering how it exactly worked. Was the pole designed to scrape the mudbrickwall to pieces? Or was it used to harrass people on top of the walls? Its always pointed up.
Walls were often mudbrick, you could dig through them, the Egyptians for a long time literally dug through, but the Assyrians used siege engines to remove material from the bottom and thus use the weight of the wall to topple it. They would then presumably send in a forlorn hope (assault infantry to take and clear the breach for the rest of the army).
Watching these animated masterpieces, I often wondered how wholesome it would have been to someday run my own channel - so I did. Just the other day, I completed a 90h project and got my first video up! If you're dying to quench your unhinged animated storytelling thirst, perhaps stop by and share a laugh (or several thereof) with me? Have a grand day, champs!
@@River.E.M Muscovy/Russia gained its independence from the Mongols using Arquebus muskets If the enemies of Neo-Assyria had muskets from the American Civil War they would have slaughtered the Assyrian cavalry with ease Plus rifled-muskets have bayonets
People used iron only if they couldn't afford any better, Greeks rarely used iron weapon and never iron armor, while most elite even used silver ("Silver shields" of Alexander), there are accounts of Persian elite used gold, Roman legionaries as soon as he could afford - took bronze helmets and armor, in Middle ages kings often used gold armor, in Napoleonic wars artillery always was of bronze, not iron and first succesful iron guns that could endure like bronze ones were made by Krupp factories in times of World War I. And stories that iron is harder than gold, silver and bronze are fairy tales, you can bend gold gently but it would stop a bullet - iron would shutter
I think you need to think first of what they are referring as Iron, which is not the Iron we think of. When people speak of iron, it's not Pure iron. Pure iron is as malleable and soft as Gold, perhaps not as much. But the closest we can reach to pure iron in the olden times is Pig iron. Too much carbon causes it to be brittle but hard. Most people do not refer to that as the Iron, they refer to Steel as Iron, a preferable content of carbon in Iron which people were none the wiser and referred to as iron. For the layman of the time, Iron is any metal that shines close to silver, needs higher temperature to smelt, is forged, and is found almost everywhere. That is the "Iron" they refer to, only the knowledgeable refers it correctly as steel. Seriously mate, a forgettable mistake we make is not trying to understand what the layman is referring to. And most scribes are not scholars nor are well versed in smithing. They were mere typists writing what is dictated, and when the rulers found that almost everyone sans the well-versed referred to Steel as Iron , they told them to do so. Names and reputation matter, and they take too long to correct.
@@Daniel_leading_the_13_PlateansI always find it funny whenever experts are like "this situation is more nuanced than originally believed" and people just ignore that and immediately default to the extremes. Really makes for interesting and intellectually stimulating conversation. Literally nowhere did they even insinuate that is was "all good." Historians don't even look at history that way. They're scholars not moral philosophers or judges.
What? This is the first time i heard that. The Genocide of Elam is just as everybody did? The Elam had been not so friendly neighbor for several thousand years.
12:56 sigh... I was just about to give this video praise as well as express my appreciation for not using AI "art." But this image here is clearly AI. Please refrain from using AI in the future or I will unsubscribe.
Robin Archer is such a perfect name for a historian focusing on warfare
He changed his name after being moved by Kevin Costner's Robin Hood.
@@tripsaplenty1227Such a good movie.
You could say he hits the bullseye on this subject.😂😂
That cav sure does stirrup emotions
Ha.
Nice
Ba dum, Tss
Wooooah there, steady on the puns
Ironically though, did they even have stirrups? When were they a technological innovation in the Middle East?
Assyrians were some of the scariest dudes on the planet.
Yeah they seem to be the first professional military that used terror as part of their strategy. Invade everyone and don't stop until you simply can't advance further. The Persians, Greeks, Phonecians and Romans at least partially owe their legacies to this military.
Enkidu?!?! Bro is speaking from personal experience…
Nah. We chill and that name is Assyrian you have
Well the Hittites were pretty scary in their day but not quite as brutal.
Of course the shang dynasty in china was scary they had a nasty habit of scarficing captives to their ancestors.
Corn pop was a bad dude!
Assyrians: best defence is good offense.
Prussians 2000+ years later: taking notes furiously
Then trench warfare came along, and the cult of the offensive caused tons of losses.
It's amazing how often the balance between offensive and defensive strategies shifts, because of new tactics and technologies.
Greeks and romans also took alot of notes from the assyrians from weapons to tactics and even armors
@@ali-haider5788and terror
Using a defeated enemy as a guard dog is on another level
I met some Assyrian Christians when I was in Iraq. They have a strength that you can see in their eyes, passed down by their mighty ancestors.
Fid you find those famous "WMD's" while you were there?
@@HellStr82 what?
@@HellStr82just a lot of garbage in my experience
There are a fair number of them in San Diego, CA, especially in the areas further from the sea like El Cajon. Many liquor stores and smoke shops are run by Assyrians or Chaldeans there. Just say "ma'a as-salaama" (Syriac for "with peace") to the guys on your way out, and thereafter they will always be cool to you.
Lol this is actually very true from my experience
I think this is your best video. So much of the modern world, like horse calvary, were created in the ancient Middle East.
I get what you’re saying, but I don’t think horse cavalry is a big part of the modern world chief😭
@@Eudoruss Horse riding is.
@@Eudoruss it depends on where do you start the "Modern World"
@@Eudoruss highly mobile warfare and projection of force over large distances.... we didn't just decide "moving around good!!" when a white dude got into a metal box or something lol. I think that was his point
@@Eudoruss try to think about it more abstractly.
He's not talking about literal horses, but the concept of mobility itself in warfare.
Also force projection as another comment put it.
Hope there will be more videos on the Assyrians and Persians, they have little on them in the English speaking world.
Unfortunately the primary sources for them just arent as good
@@pt4103
No thanks to the Ahrimanic devils
@@pt4103 the Mongols probably sacked a good lot of their records.
But there's also a predominantly a western bias in historical circles which only recently has begun falling apart.
Not much sources in any languages
History with Cy also covers this subject if you want to watch this type of videos
Assyrians with their unmatched horsemanship and use of terror.
The Mongols: Write that down, write that down!
Funny you mention Mongols, because apart from the Urartians, the Assyrians also had contacts with the Scythians..... who ALSO happened to raid Assyria, and even married into the Assyrian royalty.
This channel is good if only for avoiding the really ignorant comments you get from channels like Kings and Generals. Eg. "Wow gee, 30 years ago, we didn't have any way of learning about history. We had to pay to go to college and learn about neo-assyria from a professor certified in history. Now, we can see this stuff for free. It truly boggles the mind." and it gets 170 upvotes.
And then the ignored reply, "Um... they had public libraries 30 years ago."
They strike me as the sort of historian who views the past with a sense of superiority.
This channel Kings and General voices of the past and a few others are so great for history. They tell it how it is. Keep up the great work
KING OF THE UNIVERSE - SIMPLE BUT ELEGANT
Certainly gets points for humility!
The most humble god king in the universe
And overall, subtle
another incredibly entertaining, well produced, high quality video. thanks again
Doctor Justin Sledge on Esoterica recently did an episode exploring the development of Yahweh and, in it, he touches on a relevant point about the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In this time, Politics, Warfare and Faith are all barely distinguishable and, up to this time, the power structure of cities which typically were dedicated a primary deity whom the King was his representative. The innovation going on with the Neo-Assyrians is the establishment of a primacy; the god who rules over other gods, as an emperor rules over many kingdoms. This is how we go from a Pantheon of Gods to one with a God Supreme.
Nice shout, I just got round to that today. Centralisation, innit. You make sure power is flowing in to a central authority and then project it outwards. This is why king Josiah is so important in Judean history: he smashed the shrines in the countryside and made Jerusalem the focal point of worship, which allowed the state to exert increasing influence over the people.
If he was indeed influenced by an Assyrian model, that would be very interesting. I guess the modern parallel would be the spread of democratic models around the world -- countries aping America and their success. I could fully see smaller kingdoms copying the Assyrians and the Assyrians gaining influence as a consequence.
@@kurremkarmerruk8718 Ideas have a survival of the fittest as well. We have to understand the competition of ideals, and the win/loss record on the battleground of reality.
It was the origin of capitalism/imperialism/fascism. In other words a socioeconomic system that’s still around today. Interestingly the imperialist royal families of Europe are distantly related to these people (or so they say at least)
@@ObjectiveMedia Imperialism, yes. Hierarchies of power existed before that, however. The development of Imperialism is a natural end goal of that set of values; Capitalism and Fascism, similarly, are specific developments which facilitate the needs of hierarchies of power.
Definitely do not believe Aristocrats in their self-aggrandizing origin stories; it is a reassuring illusion that they have command over all things.
It's fascinating that the gesture of shaking someones hand goes back that far.
This is a perfect video to get hyped for Pharaoh's new update!
Amazing video and so interesting. Please continue making these videos they are so well made and so interesting.
I’m half-Assyrian with my maternal grandparents having emigrated from Persia to the U.S. in 1920. This was fascinating to watch, but I’d rather walk away from a fight. 😂
Great work. Appreciate the wonderful content.
One of your best videos so far
I'm honestly shocked that chariots were still in use after the bronze age collapse
Chariots never made sense to me
Yeah idk how they work either
Cars, aren't they? It's a rich person's flex, like a rapper in a whip. Get into trouble and you can jump in and skeet, or just do a javelin drive by. All the army thinks you're a boss and rallies around you.
@@kurremkarmerruk8718 good explanation
I’ll try to paint a picture how I see it
Think of a low flat wagon pulled usually by two horses, this would be kinda light especially for multiple horses
This would basically give you a “mobile platform” that you can use in battle, you could use it to resupply ammunition (arrows, spears)
And it gives you a position to fire into the enemy either throwing things or shooting arrows, they won’t catch you if they’re on foot and you have another person controlling the chariot while you shoot
I believe they were almost never used to charge into a line of infantry it almost makes no sense how that would benefit the charioteers (who is usually a noble that’s living the good life) maybe they used them to run alongside fleeing men and cut them down or shot them down, or used the scythes attached to the wheels to run people down
Tldr it’s basically a fast moving and versatile mobile platform, good for getting around the battlefield and keeping away from other enemies
Yes I love this! The world sleeps on ancient Assyrian history, when it is so expansive and rich
Great video! I will buy so many things because I watched this. Food, and cars, and apps and youtube subscription. Hear that, youtube? This video makes us buy things!
The bibliography in the description box is much appreciated. Also, love the art work!
Just wanted to know how did they maintain large standing armies at that time period
So glad you used Archer's article. I stumbled across it last year and thought the way it addressed Drews' works was superb.
🎉❤😂😢😮😅😊😮😅🎉❤😢😅😮😮😢😮
❤😂🎉😢😮😮😅😊
Great video!
The use of iron and creation of mass organized infantry are usually cited as the main reasons.
It took the Comanches around 12 years to be able to use horses effectively in combat.
Yes, when you obtain animals that have millenia of good breeding behind them and do not rely on organized cavalry tactics like in antiquity, it is a lot easier to be able to ride them into combat.
Recent archaeological evidence puts the horse in the south plains by the 1630s rather than the generally accepted 18th century adoption
@@MeA-aSchwalbe yeah but crazy how they easy used bows in horseback. As that skill takes a lot of time.
@@aurelian2668 ask any steppe nomad
Amazing video but please, more 16th century warfare . You are the king of that Era in UA-cam!
Informative and entertaining as always, I appreciate the good work!
The Destruction of Sennacherib
By Lord Byron (George Gordon)
The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold,
And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold;
And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea,
When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.
Still waiting for a video about parthians/sassanids
Invicta covered them.
Can't say no to some Bronze age documentaries !
(Although, to be fair, you Sir are the only good quality youtube channel dealing frequently with Pike and Shot aera warfare, which is also much appreciated)
PS : sorry for the spelling mishaps, English ain't my first language
Are you going to do other video topics about the Neo Assyrian Empire societal structure and military I would love to see that....
I can’t wait for the massive update to Pharaoh total war. 😄Maybe we can have these double rider light cav. Would be fun.
Salutations from Brazil. Great work!
QUALITY CONTENT!!!
The book "The Scythian Empire" argues that it is actually Scythians that were they first and the Assyrians adopted it from the Scythians. What do you think of this theory?.
Great video.
The Uratu were 'friendly tribes that were a constant threat' got me.
Urartu is so incredibly ignored and yet i find them strangely fascinating
What is this guy's accent? It's perfect for a history channel.
I love the Maps!
Your images are much better than A.I
Does anyone have a link to the image at 6:00? Wild to see a cross-medallion in Assyrian art, I know it's a coincidence but I've just never seen it before!
guys, how cool is history?!
Excellent video
for a second i thought you said the "semi-nomadic NEETs". I'm sure that would have been a fearsome army
Interesting video
Fantastic video. Congrats.
That Assyrian siege engine keeps me wondering how it exactly worked. Was the pole designed to scrape the mudbrickwall to pieces? Or was it used to harrass people on top of the walls? Its always pointed up.
Walls were often mudbrick, you could dig through them, the Egyptians for a long time literally dug through, but the Assyrians used siege engines to remove material from the bottom and thus use the weight of the wall to topple it. They would then presumably send in a forlorn hope (assault infantry to take and clear the breach for the rest of the army).
If I were to guess, they probably used it to destroy the crenellations so it was easier for archers to hit the defenders, but who knows.
the two men cavalry was actually genius.
Watching these animated masterpieces, I often wondered how wholesome it would have been to someday run my own channel - so I did. Just the other day, I completed a 90h project and got my first video up! If you're dying to quench your unhinged animated storytelling thirst, perhaps stop by and share a laugh (or several thereof) with me? Have a grand day, champs!
You should do more videos on Alexander, Hellenistic and Roman periods
Really interesting movie. For it was something new in some aspects
I find when I get irregular cavalry I just have to eat a few more apples and some granola and everything evens out
Do Achaemenid please, please, please.....
Could you pelase share the soruce of the Nineveh reconstruction at 15:00? I want to try it as a desktop wallpaper.
Didn't know horses back then were strong enough to carry two man-sized riders with equipment.
Their enemies wished they had Muskets, the bane of horse archers and heavy cavalrt
Eh muskets weren't a bane, moreso pikes
@@River.E.M
Muscovy/Russia gained its independence from the Mongols using Arquebus muskets
If the enemies of Neo-Assyria had muskets from the American Civil War they would have slaughtered the Assyrian cavalry with ease
Plus rifled-muskets have bayonets
@christiandauz3742 were you on about muskets or rifles muskets??? Also cavalry is still effective against both. Just need to be used correctly.
nice
New art assets?
17:25, the first light cavalry. Not sure the horsed agreed.
Riding up front with that guy's arrow at the back is not the best position
🔥
5:19 those are Israelites from the siege of Lachish
Assyrian 🇮🇶
Hell yeah! Swag 😎
"are you serious?"
Please make similar video on Mughal army.
Did they incorporate famous imposter troops from the city of Sus?
What is the capital of Assyria?
Apparently it changed over time.
🐎
Assalomu alaykum Öğo taglavhani o'zbekcha qilib bering ❤ iltimos
Factor nr 5 - Big Beautiful Badass Braided Beards
🐴
Ywsss
thirty years war when will realse
Theres a whole playlist....
Contemporary Middle Eastern music does not fit a video on ancient Assyria.
Some of the imagery and wording used is hilarious 😂 in some of these pictures the assyrians look like Europeans 😂
Neo-assyrian empire.
Sounds like some neolitic sci-fi. Bronze-punk.
Sea people were the Irish look in the tale of the sons of Tierran
СЛАВА АССИРИЙЦАМ❤❤
Hearing about the Neo-Assyrians, sounds like there are a few parallels with the Romans.
They sound and kinda look like Romans
You mean the Mongols?
People used iron only if they couldn't afford any better, Greeks rarely used iron weapon and never iron armor, while most elite even used silver ("Silver shields" of Alexander), there are accounts of Persian elite used gold, Roman legionaries as soon as he could afford - took bronze helmets and armor, in Middle ages kings often used gold armor, in Napoleonic wars artillery always was of bronze, not iron and first succesful iron guns that could endure like bronze ones were made by Krupp factories in times of World War I.
And stories that iron is harder than gold, silver and bronze are fairy tales, you can bend gold gently but it would stop a bullet - iron would shutter
I think you need to think first of what they are referring as Iron, which is not the Iron we think of.
When people speak of iron, it's not Pure iron. Pure iron is as malleable and soft as Gold, perhaps not as much. But the closest we can reach to pure iron in the olden times is Pig iron. Too much carbon causes it to be brittle but hard.
Most people do not refer to that as the Iron, they refer to Steel as Iron, a preferable content of carbon in Iron which people were none the wiser and referred to as iron.
For the layman of the time, Iron is any metal that shines close to silver, needs higher temperature to smelt, is forged, and is found almost everywhere. That is the "Iron" they refer to, only the knowledgeable refers it correctly as steel.
Seriously mate, a forgettable mistake we make is not trying to understand what the layman is referring to. And most scribes are not scholars nor are well versed in smithing. They were mere typists writing what is dictated, and when the rulers found that almost everyone sans the well-versed referred to Steel as Iron , they told them to do so. Names and reputation matter, and they take too long to correct.
Were you high when typing out that post?
@@Xfire209 the hell no! I typed that when I was furious!
@@vondantalingting My answer was directed at OP not you
Reading such nonsense, you begins to doubt the scientific function of the universal Internet.
according to modern progressive historians, assyrians were only as brutal as everyone else so it's all good.
please attempt to think critically, they did not say it was "all good" they merely put it into context, no-one is saying 2 wrongs make a right lol
@@Daniel_leading_the_13_PlateansI always find it funny whenever experts are like "this situation is more nuanced than originally believed" and people just ignore that and immediately default to the extremes. Really makes for interesting and intellectually stimulating conversation.
Literally nowhere did they even insinuate that is was "all good." Historians don't even look at history that way. They're scholars not moral philosophers or judges.
What? This is the first time i heard that.
The Genocide of Elam is just as everybody did?
The Elam had been not so friendly neighbor for several thousand years.
@@FairlyFatherlessFor this reason, the Babylonians and Medeans exterminated this people 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@user-fl5mq9kp7g Assyrians literally still exist today. They just don't have a state to call their own.
first
12:56 sigh... I was just about to give this video praise as well as express my appreciation for not using AI "art." But this image here is clearly AI. Please refrain from using AI in the future or I will unsubscribe.
Oh no 😮
Lmao
Who on earth wrote down a sigh
In general I agree, but it'd take a lot of AI art before I'd unsub someone.
dont make cringe content pls
Why do we make them look like modern Middle Easterns?
Are they located in Europe or Africa?????
You just had to mention Israel didn't ya ! Ah yes the Israeli empire, seriously? ✌️. History rules, again and again. hahahaha.
How an empire is controlled by pagan Qur’an
Sacrificed souls cry for allah 🙏
Yes because Israel literally existed in the ancient times.
Why is this a problem for you?
Israel 🇮🇱 forever
@PrimetimeX You mean those killed by Emperor Heraclius. You are not Jewish.
@@عليياسر-ك9ظ What? I am Jewish
gay cavalry