Why Our Idea of History is a Poison
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- Опубліковано 30 лис 2022
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As a current student of social psychology my biggest criticism of clinical psychology is the idea in clinical psychology that the main purpose of clinical psychology it to get individuals to live more functionally in society, but what if society is dysfunctional?
don't become a social worker to work on yourself. Thats the other half you shrinks leave out. Y'all are dealing with people broken because society as well as born that way. But you people also have a high rate of "fixing yourself through others". Because society has also made you feel out of place/ill.
Exactly. We have prevalent mental illnesses only because we are not engineered or evolved to live the way we currently do.
Prescription pad.
I think that's a good thought to begin with, and you should certainly continue to meditate upon it. I have come to terms with the fact that I believe that while there are differences in brain function that may make a person more or less operational within our society, does that truly mean anybody is really broken? I think help is good to give where it's needed, but why do we feel so incessant on labelling every single deviation from "standard brain function" as some sort of deviant thing to be treated? Maybe if society was structured in a more understanding and inclusive way, these people who function under the labels of ADHD, Autism, OCD, etc. right now could excel in unconventional ways that are unimaginable. Isn't the beauty of the human mind the fact that it is so unique in nature and the beauty of humans that there are so many different perspectives that can help us come closer to further truth? I kind of ranted, but basically, medical care for physiological and mental issues is definitely important and I don't doubt that some debilitations would most likely require treatment regardless of circumstance... but perhaps we should be thinking deeper than simply treating symptoms and strike at the root of this unfortunately mostly corrupt and imperfect societal system.
Can you say clinical psychology more I didn't quite get that
Mental health is a relationship between a person and their environment. If the person or environment changes, behavior may become more or less adaptive/maladaptive.
Being well adjusted to a sick society is not a symptom of well being.
Should one feel an odd sens of relief at night constant horror towards their society then?
@@Sara3346 Has anyone really decided as to even go that far in wanting to do to look more like so?
Elegant turn of phrase Eli.
You sound like a man that has been wrestling with God.
Couldn't agree more . If participating in the daily grind down the splinterinh spiral banister of cultural decline doesn't twist your boloocks than it's a sign you are already a chaste of your manhood.
For most people an acute and chronic mental problem is a sign of sanity and sensibility in an insane insensitive system .
Absolutely wrong. Your ability to adapt and be flexible to change is crucial to well-being.
This was really meaningful to me as someone starting a PhD in history. This kind of symptomatic history is precisely what I’m working towards. One of your best videos.
Not sympathetic. Empathetic.
@@VideoPerfection Not empirical. Theoretical.
@@rishikeshp.5610 Not Theocratic. Secular..
@@VideoPerfection its the only time we have learned it works for all..empathy that is
"Denormalise what we think of as being normal."
Possibly the greatest contribution historical scholarship can make. This is precisely why today there exists the consensus that chattel slavery, child labor, and so many other awful economic practices are unacceptable. These once were - and in many contexts, still are - acceptable realities. They were/are normal.
If you are accused to being ideological, remember: what we experience as the absence of ideology today is an ideology itself. Terrible, unacceptable realities persist and the day will come when mankind will look back and recognise these for the horrors they were. But this can only happen with disruptive historiography, if we raise our voices and point out that history has not come to an end.
Really annoying that you can’t copy comments on UA-cam. Anyway, your point about how the ‘absence’ of ideology is itself ideology is spot on. It reminds me of how centrists think they’re politically neutral when in reality such a thing is impossible
Many people, particularly in the west, fall under this ideology of apathy. "My life's good why should I care about the conditions others are facing". The Nestle product you pick up off the shelf may have been made using slave labour in Africa. But in an acutely aesthetic sense (cultivated by the capitalist system), without actively thinking about the underlying ideology of what appears to be the norm, we fall into an ideology of ignoring that and like U said, a belief that all the "bad" has happened before us and we are simply at a point of maintenance of the status quo. Nothing will fundamentally change again, this became even more overbearing after the fall of the USSR, as many people took this to be the point at which ideology no longer existed and capitalism is the way things are. A really good quote I have heard, I don't know who it's from goes: "it's easier to imagine the end of the world than to live in a system other than capitalism". This was in response to all the media portraying a very dystopian future, while people find it almost impossible to break the capitalist chain of thought despite leading us down a path of catastrophic climate change to which a system that relies on infinite growth has no solutions.
Zizeks work on ideology is very helpful in grasping this concept.
@@musicdev screenshots
@@averagecitizen4122 I think that quote is from Mark Fisher
You fucking utopian communists. Utopia: no where. The only horror we hopefully can look back on from this time and breath a sigh of relief at it being gone is the fact that so many people refused to believe in human nature. Good luck to us all.
As a physician, sometimes the illness has occurred, and all we can do is manage symptoms. Often then, it's a matter of delivering dignity to patients, rather than fixing them. I'm sure history is analogous to this predicament.
Hmm, anxiety is historically our biological alertness. It's the inborn watchfulness of many, looking for dangers in nature, like predators hunting them or their children. This was very natural and needed when we were still hunter/gatherers. In our 'safe' society being very watchful seems like a disease, and often feels cringy, when a whole bunch of anxious people flock to thwart a new perceived threat, like a conspiracy theory. It's like allergies. Get too little input and we overreact to what comes in.
Or in the case of the USA, there is a general sense of danger, yet no direct visible threat. Hence people are easily being swayed or manipulated to aim their anxiety/watchfulness towards a perceived threat, preferably something one can point at, like minorities, or a conflicting political view. Here critical thinking and larger systemic insight may help as a 'medicine'.
Beautiful comment
Manage the symptoms that the physician is responsible for in the first place. Sounds like a good economic plan. Opiates, untested mandated therapy, chemo ...
If you accept that you can't fix something, compensating yourself with high pay and providing your customers with more problematic side effects is a good way to justify your existence. You KNOW you're wrong and working for the baddies. You can keep lying to yourselves for good pay, or join reality and realise the errors of your ways and better yourself
@@hud86 Good comment, and this is the thing. People with high pay grades often do deplorable jobs. The pay compensates for that. People who do essential work, that feels meaningful, like teachers and nurses, get too low pay. Why? Too often they care so much for the people they make a difference for, they keep going even across their boundaries. And thus managers looking at costs scam them and pay a good % of that scam to themselves as earned money for the 'organisation'.
An excerpt from:
The Book of Woe - The DSM and the Unmaking of Psychiatry, by Gary Greenberg.
Shortly after New Orleans physician Samuel Cartwright discovered a “new disease” in 1850, he realized that like all medical pioneers he faced a special burden…
“In noticing a disease not heretofore classified among the lost list of maladies that man is subject to,” he told a gathering of the Medical Association of Louisiana the following: “it was necessary to have a new term to express it.” Cartwright could have followed the example of a many of his peers and named the malady for himself, but he decided instead to exercise the Ancient Greek he’d learned while being educated in Philadelphia.
He took two words-draptes, meaning “runaway slave,”
and the more familiar mania-
and fashioned the term drapetomania (mania + runaway slave)
…thus manufacturing a new “disease”:
he called it “the disease causing Negros to run away.”
This new “disease,” as Mr. Cartwright, a religious man, reported in the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, had one diagnostic symptom-“absconding from service”-and a few secondary ones, including a “sulkiness and dissatisfaction” that appeared just prior to the slaves’ flight.
This excerpt is from The Book of Woe - The DSM and the Unmaking of Psychiatry, by Dr. Gary Greenberg, available online.
Subject: The history of psychiatry.
Goddamn the history of slavery in America is horrifying
The Soviets frequently labeled dissidents schizophrenic, same principle
@@dysmissme7343 look to see how women have been treated. Black males got a right to vote well BEFORE WOMEN DID….so there ya go.
Like it or not, we are our history. Even when we're very liberated from it, it always casts it's shadow and lingers around us.
Are you talking about the actual lived history of what happened to whom and how they felt about it and responded? Or are you talking about what makes it into history books?
now we arent we arent the people from the past all we can do is learn what happend in the past and be better
and this is why the western colonial retelling of history is so dangerous
History is that thing you learn so you can watch it be ignored and repeated again.
until human beings develop better memories we are destined to repeat the same narratives as a society
I personally learn history so I can properly repeat it when the time comes. Would make me look really silly if I didn't faithfully repeat history.
We are so stuck in the loop of life that it's difficult to not repeat history as a whole. Think about it, most revolutionary or woke protests against norms etc are started in universities and colleges by the 18-25 year old demographic. Before that age the average human is mostly clueless and their life is a direct result of where they are born, their looks, sex, schooling, finance, health etc. And cross 30, everyone is panicking to get married and "settle" and do a 9-5 to pay the bills, all that and a potential child/children leaving no time to think of new ideas or update themselves with current affairs of the world. Result? Same shit, different name/year. It's a hamster wheel of futility at this point. And then one day you're 60, and having illnesses and you're done with all this. Unless human awareness increases collectively, individual contribution will do nothing, and greedy people will profit off of adversities.
@@jesuschristthesecond The issue is that no one path in history looks exactly the same as the modern day. People are left to reason for themselves what part of history best resembles the present. People aren’t forgetting, they just disagree as to what’s most representative. Most ideologies have been tried multiple times in the past and have had different outcomes. There is no accurate way to measure the outcome and consequences of any change to society by looking at the past because there are too many variables. If that wasn’t the case, we’d all agree a lot more.
Orwell's quote, "Who controls the past controls the future" and "Who controls the present controls the past" are essentially the same in meaning. Present is the future in relation to the past, thus controlling the present is to control the past from the future.
"History is the ultimate weapon because it harnesses time itself. Used correctly the past can alter the present." Same what Orwell said the oligarch has to control the narrative to control the people...
True but I think there is something more subtle there. In effect what he is saying is that our Narrative of the past, our story about what happened, shapes how we are going to act in the future, and at the same time, whoever holds power at the present can use that, either through subversion or force, to eradicate competing narratives and Institute their own Narrative of the past. these are obviously complementary statements, but not quite the same thing.
e.g. "If you shoot someone with a bullet they will likely die" and "if you fire a loaded gun at someone you're going to hit them with a bullet" obviously go quite closely together, but are technically described in different phenomenon.
u must have the biggest brain in any yt comment section
@@Laotzu.Goldbug 13:44
Hello. I was always an observer of people. This included my own family. They say don't judge others, but the things they put me through had an impact on me. I got deep into focusing on their actions, mannerisms. I focused on their criticisms, judgements, and what brought them evil joy. What they call dysfunction was more than that. The way they loved making me feel less than human was what they fed on. It brought them joy to belittle me often. Back then I didn't understand why they did that. I tried to understand them, and part of the surroundings, but later figured out that I wasn't appreciated. I didn't belong around them, and that I wasn't needed. I focused more on my life, and since then have come to the conclusion that I cannot be around destructive people. This is my poison. They wanted to kill my existence, and or made me want to commit suicide. I didn't let them. One individual took away my self esteem. Once I started to build it up they walked away to try to hurt me. It didn't work. They kept trying to add a virus into my brain by confusing it, and I didn't let them. I didn't pay attention to them ever again. Sometimes you have to help yourself from intruders.
That sounds pretty heavy. It sounds like you managed to fight it off!! Take care and bless you.
UA-cam really needs to give video essay creators the ability to create a subheading.
It’s called a colon
History is a story of neverending struggle between ourselves, others and our environment. Lessons from these struggles are learnt entirely because stupidity is infinate
History could just as easily be a story of Mothers and babies. It depends on what you find important to look at.
@@adifferentlight5530 no your view leaves out others, leaves out the world
@@nightoftheworld all of history leaves out the majority of the world. It’s the ultimate retrospective filter to see only what you care to see.
@@adifferentlight5530 Ya we are all in a process of emerging from the natural embedment in our local cultures. But I think it’s wrong to imagine in that trajectory some kind of universality we can all reach by leaving behind our particular views. I think paradoxically, by going deeper into our specific cultures we can be brought back in touch with the world in a more open way.
Ideally/ethically, at the end we are given back to ourselves, called to participate _out there_ with a renewed ethic of love/faith. There is a fundamental recognition of otherness in that, of a non-traversable distance or alien void of non-relation constitutive of the neighbor and by that admission also constitutive of ourselves.
This non-relation is universal in our wilderness of particular positions, we all struggle with the fact that there is no neutral position and must do our best to find common ground.
Wow... the last comment here is the most definitive "so many words that say nothing" meandering waffle comment I've ever seen on UA-cam, or anywhere I think.
That is quite the talent.
I did a degree in history. The only important thing it taught me was not to trust history.
Must have been a shitty university. Did you read the course literature?
This reminds me of Murray Bookchin in The Ecology of Freedom. He talks about the way our concept of history and specifically progress bias our thinking about other forms of social organizing
I think our concept of progress is just yet another iteration of history told by the winners (of WW2, in this instance). It shuts our eyes to much more logical ways of living that would not require our enslavement to a huge machine, but those ways of living are the past, they are said to be the past by those who control the present, so they can control the future.
I mean, physical problems are ALSO often ignored, dismissed, or treated in different ways depending largely on your status in society. I just watched James Somerton's video on the Gay Body Image Crisis and how doctors always assumed he was cheating on his diets as he continued to gain weight or at least not lose it and it wasn't until some time in his adulthood that he finally got the right test(s) to diagnose his physical problems. This was obviously due to fatphobia, but there are all sorts of intersections along these lines as well. Plus the fact that many physical conditions CAN be caused by societal conditions--especially when you look at things like environmental racism (and generally just poorer areas) and air and water pollution.
Or ableism repricocating disability in regard to mental or behavioral condition.
If we are not giving a chance (even in our strengths) because they consider us as a whole tarnished by our disability.
They ultimately disable us further because they refuse to aknowledge in what areas we are able or even superior.
>”fatphobia”
Opinion discarded.
@@keemstarkreamstar7069
& "ableism"
Opinion discarded.
Well, there was a time where doctors where allowed to figure out the illness by looking at the patient's skin, listening to them. For whatever reason lab tests are the only priority for most public hospitals.
@@yamataichul The process of science is pretty important yes.
Love your channel. One of the most fascinating so far. Thank you for all the work you do.
Your videos have been absolutely blowing me away lately. Incredible work! 🧡
Thank you for the lecture 😊
It may well be just me, who is irritated a little by the background music.
I know, it's a trend and everybody does it. But just because everybody does it ... 🙉
I think, that when the auditive channel is occupied with listening to the voice, the brain needs to filter/ignore out the music. And since there is no free energy, my brain gets exhausted a tiiiny bit quicker with the extra filtering.
Never the less I have learned my actions and my being now are a product of history. Causality springs to mind, but history and causality are not quite the same.
Cheers
Same here concerning the background music.
The problem is that the music is sometimes just loud enough that it fights with the narration. The narration also isn't set to the same level. There also isn't really enough "breathing room" in the narration- there needs to be decent pauses every now and then so the audience has a chance to process the information they've been given. This is part of why your brain gets tired- it's trying to process all this information as more information continues to flow in.
Get with the times goober. Listen to some slurpcore.
i cant help but nearly lose the ability to even hear him speaking when there is music in the beginning. havent watched it all yet
@@saturationstation1446 To be fair, I gave up about halfway through cause I just couldn't get what point he was even trying to make. Most of his videos are good, but he kinda dropped the ball on this one.
As many pointed out, clinical psychology only dulls the pain people suffer from as a result of dysfunction in the society they live in. But in it's defense, people so traumatized by the difficulties they experienced that they are unable to function or resort to suicide can not act to change the system. Curing the disease itself is important, but so is mitigating the symptoms that bring people immeasurable pain.
We are history flowing through itself 👍 good video, gave me a lot to think about, thank you.
High quality content, mate. As you pointed, the paths of history is much more than the work of historians.
Congratulations and thank you for this video!
Always love hearing about the historical perspectives of medicine, was one of my favourite classes in med school.
Your use of MLK jr and Ghandi in the thumbnail are excellent examples of those who control the present also controlling the past. Any movements that have gained ground in order to make societal change in the modern era have been neutralized or demonized in order to maintain a hold on present opinion about our best course of action for the future. The number of times a conservative has used the phrase "not by the color of our skin, but by the content of our character" specifically in order to undermine race-specific policy changes is immense. Great thinkers and leaders words are watered down to the most palatble draught with just the lightest smack of moral authority in order to have us all drink up whatever has been mixed into the message.
Having time to investigate history seems like a luxury not many can afford these days. Unfortunately, it's important to dig into what we are able in order to verify for ourselves whether our values and beliefs have been fed on lies and deception or truth and honest insight. In my own life, having done a great deal of scratching the many itches I've felt, there was a great deal of junk and hogwash mixed in with a few kernels of wisdom. I hope that I have done a decent enough job sorting through what I believe in relation to what I've experienced, comparing it to what others have felt and seen, in order to have a less distorted view of what might be my part in advancing humanity. Thank you for the very thought provoking video.
Another fantastic video, very interesting way of looking at history!
Hats off again man! Home run after home run. Will defo return to this many times again.
As someone who also studied history, I have always been slightly annoyed at having to justify my research choice, usually explaining the need for history within a Bergsonian framework of consciousness. Your video was an interesting alternative. Any chance you could provide us with a bibliography that underwrote your ideas?
i think he has a a pastebin or something in the description
1:52 Pierre Bourdieu is a sociologist, not a philosopher. One of his main work is on the inheritance of a symbolic capital from our parents and education and the influence it has in reproducing generational inequality. It's more likely what is being described by the quote here.
A sociologist is also a philosopher. Sociology depends on philosophy for accuracy and depth.
owned
Your intellect, analyses and writing are awesome. I'm impressed!
I am so so so grateful that I found your channel
You sir, are brilliant and your videos just get better and better!
WOW! I love being introduced to a new idea, of breaking out of the paradigm. Thanks.
Man I have been thinking about these things and this video is just great! ‘It defines and restricts our future’ - exactly!
Terence McKenna touched on this idea quite often. His solution was returning to an archaic ideal. A sort of reconnection to the present moment and returning to the felt presence of direct experience.
Great video, you really make very high quality content. Thank you!
great video !! keep on keeping on !
Excellent!! Thank you!
As someone trained in history i have come to think of it a bit like a rhizome arising where it can find ideal conditions and always under the surface of current events and future possibilities.
"Anxiety destroys us but it drives the common man. Foundation of society, anxiety, suppress it if you can"
What a great video! Thank you:)
Woot HVN is the bomb, good show! Good looking out w/ the take on mental health, and the philosophical approach in general. Appreciated.
BASED! Such a fantastic video, thank you.
Yessss another video!!! What do you think about having psychology as a gsce requirement
Thanks!
Fantastic, thank you!
You create wonderful content
The gamer came forth and declared, we are living in a society.
the elephant in the room is our world socioeconomic order that places profits and hierarchy above human wellbeing. we will continue to suffer until we make fundamental changes.
Never thought of it this way.
Genial poetry. Thank you.
Superb video
I like your productions but i often struggle to finish them because your voice volume is often quieter than your background music and sound effects.
Normalized Insanity
I am a transistorized, transgenderized, transmogrified, trans-human
A corporatized, commercialized, industrial strength consumer
A goal setting, gym sweating, debt fretting freak
A social climbing net worker that's always on heat
I got my education majoring in indoctrination
Where they taught me to comply, to never question why
And so I'm chasing an illusion of success that's a delusion
That's sending me insane, exploding my brain
And as we teeter on the brink, soon to be extinct
I always wear a smile, coz I'm living in denial
1:26 right orwell, i just told someone yesterday i got that from a rage against the machine song, but i'm sure they were quoting someone
have you read The Expressiveness of the Body: the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Mesicine? It's a comparative historical analysis of ancient Chinese and Greek medicine, and it's mind-blowing. i'm reminded of it bc of your discussion on how history affects how we perceive our body. ancient cultures had different ways of conceptualizing the body, but they both were still able to make accurate diagnoses of medical problems. much of chinese medicine has been lost bc western physicians didn't understand it, but i think their concept of the body still holds up. i recommend you check it out!
Great video! I figured history. And it was so good! What you say is so true. I will follow you.
awesome video
What an excellent presentation and piece of writing on an important subject.
Awesome work as always!
fantastic!
I really enjoyed your wrap up of the video, and I agree with the internet having the potential for an optimistic future. We truly are entering unprecedented times at rapid never before seen rates of change and personally, I will fight to be an agent of change and growth for humanity by fostering discussion and deep thought on topics that come to my mind. I already wanted to contribute and engage with the world, but you have truly inspired me to pursue important conversations and unlearning the things we might turn a blind eye to every day.
Do you have a podcast? I will love to listen you while doing my chores.
Your videos are always top quality, but I think this might be my favourite as someone who's going to start studying history next year. You deserve waaay more subs
Man excellent work as usual your contribution to curing history will be undeniable with this UA-cam channel we hope that we can all have an equal contribution ...
Awesome topic. I'm looking into PsychoHistory at the moment.
Impressive effort to understand what is maybe beyond human understanding jmo
This video is an absolute masterpiece.
I waited until now to watch this because I didn’t want to hear the dark side of VT. What a relief! Thanks, FF!
it's all the great sneeze, and we're just waiting for the handkerchief
Valid point
a most excellent subject matter choice, monsieur Then & Now!... but how will you outdo this video production?... you've already done KANT... what else is there to think and teach about?... lol... though i'm sure you will surprise me muchly... and so i wait with bated breath.
If I have had terrible pains due to health problems, I would say that curing the symptom often is good. As far as history is concerned, what is the long-term cure?
Excellent video Lewis!
Anyone know the piece being played at 9:00?
Having lived in the deep south and seeing descendents of slaves who never left the plantation nearly two centuries after their emancipation, I see that what historians claim now isn't entirely accurate. The dissolution of Chatel slavery into what has been argued since that time as wage slavery is far more complex than the emancipation of the slaves.
I've heard the argument from African Americans and Caucasians alike that we would be better off physically picking cotton. That's a bit of culture shock to the modern student, but sitting is the new smoking.
There's more than one way to make people slaves. Chains and whips were just the original tools. Now you have taxes and interest rates.
Interesting, this is a notion that I am unfamiliar with. UG, PG in Philosophy. Is the thinking something akin to, if every time I go to prepare food I cut myself with the same knife, I would quickly learn to avoid that knife and maybe even fear/be anxious of having to use that knife in the future, even maybe throw it away. Now psychologically, if I have been bullied, harassed, suffered abuse, psychologically hurt in the world, then my coping mechanism akin to say the physical one mentioned, would be avoidance, and fear of the environment in which it happened, maybe even throwing it away, agoraphobia? I would have good reasons, and be rational to avoid, be anxious and so on of 'mental' pain, yet society may view such actions as merely 'mental illness', when actually it is a completely rational act to avoid damage and pain.
This reminds me of Fukuyamas "end of history" thesis
Kinda the opposite
What's your bibliography for this video? I'd like to do more reading on this
History is ultimately created by power and the resistance to that power.
One of the greatest channels on UA-cam
Brilliant
Then & Now thought provoking.. I think we can't be blind to history, so we can learn from it.
Interesting choice to present Bourdieu as a philosopher, considering he went under some fire by some self-proclaimed philosophers for sociologically analysing them. I'm not mad though, the power of his ideas extend way beyond sociology. I personally would even go as far as to call it therapeutical, since it helped me so much to understand who I am :)
Great video, as always
Well...that was amazing.
This is why the internet gives me hope (maybe naively. It gets polluted and misused a lot): true democracy relies on an informed populace.
I hope the teething troubles are just that, and we're heading towards a greater shared understanding.. assuming we're in time to save ourselves at all.
Theres something about a british accent that presents an insidious force that everything being said is intellectually inclined and of authority. I just think its so dangerous. Or am i just crazy? There may very well be merit here, but i cant tell and it bothers me
I need with the utmost urgency the name of the piece at 1:20 🙏🙏
I found your content stimulating and thought provoking but your musical soundtrack anxiety producing.
When I learned of light cones I started to expect that the past has more effect on me than many present events physically can.
Great Video.
We can discover the world's forgotten history, together we may become, "Planetary", like the "Archaeologists of the Impossible" from the comic book by Mark Ellison. It's an organization intent on discovering the world's secret history.
I think it is undoubtedly true that the causes of our anxiety are definitely historical.
The cause of everything is historical. It's a tautology. You can't have cause without history and you can't have history without cause.
I can recommend to you: "Men and ideas" by Johann Huizinga
Great video as always. May God bless you.
:D
Philip Larkins, This is the verse. I think he is asking us to move away from the moment and search to another future. Forgetting the past.
Yes, you're absolutely right... people who do wrong want nothing more or better than for people to forget the past. It suits their purposes down to the ground.
History is perhaps the only science without an object to observe.
a historian will tell you about events he did not attend and if he is the only historian around, he will certainly cause you problems because you will not have the means to contradict him or verify what he says hence, unlike the Historian, the non-Historian should also know the history of the historian and the various versions reported on such or such historical fact if he wants to be a good judge and thus could transcend this science without object or object observation.
quote: "Ibn Khaldoun insists from the beginning of his works on the importance of sources, their authenticity and their verification according to purely rational criteria".
we are therefore left with the Reason to protect
us from the lies and rantings of historians.
now and then has had a good content and a REASON-able approach. good marks from me!
how does this not have more views 😦
Why is the audio on slow-mo? Had to bump it up to 1.25 speed.
This video is why I rather not listen to a lot of what people that understand nothing about science and focus on philosophy and history and ideas to understand the world and people.
Why was Peter Stuyvesant’s construction in new Amsterdam destroyed?
What if Netflix did a series called Kingfish on Huey Long?