@E Van I think one of the key takeaways is that instead of a graphite moderated reactor that needs the water to keep it in check, these are water moderated reactors that require the water to make fission possible. If the reactor gets hit and the water drains out, what little reaction there is will stop. If the water converts to steam, the reactor will expel it, then dry up and then stop. Thus the reactor won't become a giant self sufficient raging inferno.
Most people aren't very smart, and this isn't a truly simple concept. Fission is complicated, and the Dr. Is explaining is explaining it very well. (but who thinks about heat transfer, fission products, how fuel rods are built, or how reaction containers are fortified.. Or even the mass of depleted fission products and how they are not easily aerosolized? Very few, I assume.)
most people are not smart, without our technology they would still think that the earth is the eye of a turtle and if the turtle shakes its had that causes earthquakes. Dont expect to much from the common fool
I'm afraid there's no such a button. Education is a key here but it is impossible to educate this kind of topics en mass af far as my living experience suggests.
Thank you Prof. Ruzic! I didn't know the plant was made of a set of pressurised water reactors; I thought the reactors were of the old RMBK design. I'm a bit more serene now. It would be nice to see you more often. Regards from the UK, Anthony
I just watched over 2 hours of vids from this channel. Fascinating stuff and extremely well presented. I'm a U of I civil engineering grad so it makes me happy to see a prof of this caliber at my alma mater!
I have really been wondering about the risk of attack and the credence of the nightly news casts that have been freaking me and my kids out. Thank you for this and the calm and logical explanation, it will help me and my kids sleep better.
I would add that graphite, that was in RBMK reactor, which was secondary moderator that kept reaction going, also is flammable and it's hot ashes became radioactive that spread with wind across long distance - modern reactors not only do not have secondary moderators, they do not have flammable/ash-able components so EVEN in full and total meltdown with uncovered reactor core (which itself is very hard to achieve), hazard zone would be localized, and not widespread.
@@Txmj122 I've watched lectures on youtube. Some of them are pretty good. The information is similar, but the but the production value for this channel is much higher. He's not using the first take. It's one of the reasons I subscribed and hope he posts more often.
That was a nice presentation. Simple to understand. I have a B.S. in Nuclear Engineering, U of I, 1981; now pretty much retired. I feel that I got an excellent education there, and I wish you all the success in your career. My career did not go so well, unfortunately, but I had a few psychological "issues" that made it difficult to work with other people (and at times endangered my security clearances), and that was fatal. I had a feeling that my college life would be as good as my life would get, and except for making big bucks for several years, I am now a pensioner waiting for his next check. Sorry to cheer you up so much!
I recently gave a presentation on the "three cookies" quiz. I think I'll link this video to some of my colleagues so they can understand better. Thank you for being a rational mind in the hysteria.
That's good to hear. I have degree level physics and have been a proponent of nuclear derived electricity for decades. Nuclear power is deliberately demonised by the 'establishment'.
One thing that needs explanation. Why was the news media making a huge deal about Chernobyl losing offsite power when there shouldn’t be anything to cool there?
You still need electricity to run the ventilation fans. I suppose the 'New Safe Confinement' is held under slightly 'negative' pressure to the surroundings by those fans. This means some air from the inside is drawn out the NSC by fans, filtered and ejected to the outside, while there are other fans to 'push' back air in (but a little less than is drawn out, to maintain the negative pressure). Loss of electrical power to these fans (and al the other systems for conditioning this air, like heating or cooling) wil eventually lead to loss of negative pressure and a chance that some contaminated air could escape.
love your lessons' prof, the few real prof's we still have. You also must have been irritated by the nonsense of what politicians say about these power plants.Hope to see more of your video's. Your video's of the past should be obligatory to watch for student one's they go to university there they get thought how to play dames on electric game and standard computers and to write manifests to fight climate change.
A kinetic rod penetrator from an MBT gun CAN go through a containment structure. Likely some of the larger tandem warhead AT rockets could too, but not the most common man portable AT systems.
Advanced atgms can penetrate 2400mm of steel. But the explosion is very focused. They do have bunker busters that would do the trick. But considering they occupy the place, they could just turn off the pumps. Or just grab the spent fuel and toss it out in occupied territory. Remove the generators that power the pumps. And it doesn't have to be on orders from above. The occupying force could just decide to loot the place or detain the workers.
@RBMK5000 I agree that common man portable AT systems are not going through 1.5m concrete and 100mm carbon steel. Honestly, I've watched quite a few videos these last 7 months + of this class of weapons failing to penetrate the MBT armor they were designed to defeat. However: look at air launched and vehicle launched AT rockets, particularly those with tandem in line warheads or very large single shaped charge warheads, as in the case of USA AGM114-K "Hellfire" missile. The weight of HE in these is an order of magnitude larger than the common man portabl AT weapons, THOSE could make a hole. Hopefully nobody is stupid enough to use such things. As far as the depleted Uranium or Tungsten rod penetrators, the present generation of those fired from smooth bore guns at well over 1,500 m/second? At 90° those WILL go through the described 1.5m concrete + 100mm steel too.
The scary thing about the Chernobyl plant was it used graphite and when hot, carbon and the oxygen in the atmosphere like each other. The burning propelled the nuclear material into the atmosphere. It would be nice that these plants be designed so that if everything else fails, there would be a convectional cooling system.
The scary thing about the Chernobyl plant was that the operators pushed a reactor (with severe design flaws) into an unstable state just to perform an "experiment" so their bosses would be happy. Was Chernobyl preventable? Probably not. There's an old adage in engineering: "You can design a foolproof system, but eventually it will break in a way you never anticipated."
@@stevematda976 The idea that the operators were primarilly to blame is a narrative that the soviets initially pushed since it's easy, later analysis found that the severe reactor design flaws carry most of the blame. The operators' actions created the conditions that allowed the reactor's negative characteristics to manifest themselves, but the operators had no idea about that... the problems with the reactor design were already known at the time to the designers, but not communicated to the operators.
@@stevematda976 Or, as the translation of the 1993 Soviet report about this accident (Annex I to INSAG-7) said: "The Commission considers that the negative properties of this type of reactor are likely to predetermine the inevitability of emergency situations" ... in other words, the reactor was an accident waiting to happen
5:30 - Isn't there more like three locations where fuel is stored.. or even 4. New fuel, reactor fuel, spent fuel pool and fuel heading for final storage.
Thank you so much for this most informative video, Professor! This I can use as a tool to dispel some of the fears of people around me here in Europe. You can explain it much better than I can. As a not-at-all nerdy hobby I study nuclear reactors (with a heavy emphasis on the good old RBMK, though flawed it is in its design), and your videos have taught me so much about the subject of fission/ nuclear reactors. How I wish I would have had the chance to follow even one of your classes. Keep up the good work!
Very nice professor! I took an energy class from you a couple years back and wondered if the remaining reactors in Ukraine were of the bad Chernobyl design. Thank you for the update!
Hey professor! Long time no see! Thanks for explaining that to us! By the way, when will you come back to Brazil so I can be your guide again? Say hello to everyone for me!
Dear prof, there are literally hundreds and hundreds of 6-inch thin "concrete barrels" of Westinghouse spent fuel rods on the open-air warehouse at the ZNPP. I don't think that contaminated area would be small.
How are nuclear heat exchangers maintained? Do they need to be cleaned out regularly like normal ones? If so how do they not have contamination? If they don't need to be cleaned out, how do they do that?
Usually heat exchangers that get fouled are ones that use outside water, like a river or a lake. The heat exchangers inside the containment are distilled water to distilled water.
4:30 Error in the professor's definition of cold shutdown. He states & shows on the screen that the reactor is at atmospheric pressure. This is wrong. Cold shutdown does not mean the reactor is at atmospheric pressure. The manuals for Westinghouse PWRs states "With the plant in cold shutdown, the pressure in the RCS must be at least 320 psig to support running the reactor coolant pumps". The IAEI statement about the cold shutdown condition of the Zaporizhzhia plant says that main coolant pumps are running. 4:41 Another statement, "as long as some circulation is maintained, some pumps going, there is enough water flow to take away the waste heat from the fission products" is very incomplete. The waste heat has to removed from the reactor system, it has to be transferred to another system. This vulnerability on secondary systems shouldn't be swept under the rug.
Why didn’t you touch on the control rods being down or the rods themselves not containing only fuel pellets? I guess it would’ve distracted from your point but even if there was no water or even if the control rods failed to fall into place it would become a molten mixture containing these other neutron absorbing materials preventing disaster both with the design of the fuel rods themselves & even more so when contained within the core of a reactor that’s made to prevent any such runaway reactions…all of this being contained within the building you described (and all being stuff you surely have a deep expertise in).
When we needed him the most, he came back.
Absolutely.
Tru dat :D
"and that's what you need to know about "....
@E Van I think one of the key takeaways is that instead of a graphite moderated reactor that needs the water to keep it in check, these are water moderated reactors that require the water to make fission possible. If the reactor gets hit and the water drains out, what little reaction there is will stop. If the water converts to steam, the reactor will expel it, then dry up and then stop. Thus the reactor won't become a giant self sufficient raging inferno.
@E Van RBMK is BWR type reactor. Edit: But I ack that RBMK is not commonly categorized as what is known as “BWR.”
Such a shame that the general knowledge of Nuclear reactors/physics is so low. Thanks for getting the word out there professor
the general knowledge of everything is so low how else do you explain getting a corpse elected as president?
recreational nukes for all
Most people aren't very smart, and this isn't a truly simple concept. Fission is complicated, and the Dr. Is explaining is explaining it very well.
(but who thinks about heat transfer, fission products, how fuel rods are built, or how reaction containers are fortified.. Or even the mass of depleted fission products and how they are not easily aerosolized? Very few, I assume.)
most people are not smart, without our technology they would still think that the earth is the eye of a turtle and if the turtle shakes its had that causes earthquakes.
Dont expect to much from the common fool
if it was more widely understood there would be far less anti-nuclear hysteria, far more nuclear reactors and far lower CO2 emissions.
Oh wow, I wondered if there was going to be another update.
Thanks for hanging in there, Professor.
I've missed your posts and obtaining important information to clearly understand. It'd be great to see more. Thanks Professor!
What button do I push to eliminate the misconception that a nuclear reactor can explode like a nuclear bomb?
I wish I knew......
It's not a button, more like years of dedication to educate the public, excatly what Prof Ruzic doing.
I'm afraid there's no such a button. Education is a key here but it is impossible to educate this kind of topics en mass af far as my living experience suggests.
Easy. Install a nuclear weapon inside every nuclear power plant, thus eliminating the misconception.
what's the difference between a melt-down and explosion? not much.
I've been eagerly awaiting just this kind of video. Thanks for all of your great work!
Thanks!
Thank you Prof. Ruzic!
I didn't know the plant was made of a set of pressurised water reactors; I thought the reactors were of the old RMBK design.
I'm a bit more serene now.
It would be nice to see you more often.
Regards from the UK,
Anthony
Also, RBMK are still operated in Russia...
why you did not google it, if you were not "serene" before? All the info is there, independent of presenters. Get the facts and be serene :)
They're about the same design vintage - VVER type PWRs. Much safer than RBMKs for obvious reasons.
Glad to see you back emergyprof.
Absolutely.
Thank you!
Outstanding presentation at a time when people are worried. Thank you.
I just watched over 2 hours of vids from this channel. Fascinating stuff and extremely well presented. I'm a U of I civil engineering grad so it makes me happy to see a prof of this caliber at my alma mater!
I was wondering if you were still doing UA-cam videos, glad to see you are still around
Thank you for this concise and on point presentation! Very much appreciated.
Glad to see you back! Commenting for the algorithm!
Very happy to see Mr EnergyProf back! I always love these videos!!!
Timely video professor. Great explanation. Awesome learning information. Love the squeaky marker. Cheers man.
Thank you Prof! If only the news could play this video , Useful information would be delivered by them 🤦🏻♂️
It was a wonderful surprise to open UA-cam and find a new video from you! Thank you so much!! We have missed you!!!!
What I want to know is how he can write backwards so well. That's amazing. Love the videos, glad people are learning about nuclear energy/ physics.
Video is flipped horizontally.
IBM explains its setup for writing backwards in the air! Not very high-tech fortunately. ua-cam.com/video/Uoz_osFtw68/v-deo.html
Yes! The war is the issue and risk here. Thank you for emphasising that.
Thanks for doing this. I'm a long time watcher of your show, and I used to live in Zaporizhzhia. Thanks for all the amazing content
Finally you are back professor
Excellent videos, hoping to see more!
Welcome back, missed your classes!
I have really been wondering about the risk of attack and the credence of the nightly news casts that have been freaking me and my kids out. Thank you for this and the calm and logical explanation, it will help me and my kids sleep better.
The media has been scare mongering anything nuclear or radiation related for over a half century now.
dont watch the news especially not with your kids they push a lot of things out of proportion to get view
Always good to see a new video from you, but especially so in these times and on this subject. Thanks for some reassurance.
Great as always Professor!
Ty sir. Your lectures are apolitical and informative
I would add that graphite, that was in RBMK reactor, which was secondary moderator that kept reaction going, also is flammable and it's hot ashes became radioactive that spread with wind across long distance - modern reactors not only do not have secondary moderators, they do not have flammable/ash-able components so EVEN in full and total meltdown with uncovered reactor core (which itself is very hard to achieve), hazard zone would be localized, and not widespread.
A most timely video Professor. Good to see you back.
Good that you are back! More videos please 🙂
I wish videos on this channel were posted more frequently. just about anything he talks about is interesting to hear
He probably spends much much longer preparing a video than the average youtuber. This would explain both the high quality and infrequent posts.
@@nathanbanks2354 considering his job is to give lectures, he already has the material anyway
@@Txmj122 I've watched lectures on youtube. Some of them are pretty good. The information is similar, but the but the production value for this channel is much higher. He's not using the first take. It's one of the reasons I subscribed and hope he posts more often.
That was a nice presentation. Simple to understand. I have a B.S. in Nuclear Engineering, U of I, 1981; now pretty much retired. I feel that I got an excellent education there, and I wish you all the success in your career. My career did not go so well, unfortunately, but I had a few psychological "issues" that made it difficult to work with other people (and at times endangered my security clearances), and that was fatal. I had a feeling that my college life would be as good as my life would get, and except for making big bucks for several years, I am now a pensioner waiting for his next check. Sorry to cheer you up so much!
Glad you retired
Glad to see you back again!!!
The Hero we needed came back! I've learned so much from you over the years, thanks for the explanation!
I recently gave a presentation on the "three cookies" quiz. I think I'll link this video to some of my colleagues so they can understand better. Thank you for being a rational mind in the hysteria.
Awesome to have you back.
We really needed you back. Very much appreciated Professor
I was missing your videos professor! Don't go away for so long, please!
Good to see you Prof.
We missed you!! Welcome back!
I've learned so much from you about nuclear energy. Thank you for helping tear down the misconceptions that surround it.
That's good to hear. I have degree level physics and have been a proponent of nuclear derived electricity for decades. Nuclear power is deliberately demonised by the 'establishment'.
One thing that needs explanation. Why was the news media making a huge deal about Chernobyl losing offsite power when there shouldn’t be anything to cool there?
You still need electricity to run the ventilation fans. I suppose the 'New Safe Confinement' is held under slightly 'negative' pressure to the surroundings by those fans. This means some air from the inside is drawn out the NSC by fans, filtered and ejected to the outside, while there are other fans to 'push' back air in (but a little less than is drawn out, to maintain the negative pressure). Loss of electrical power to these fans (and al the other systems for conditioning this air, like heating or cooling) wil eventually lead to loss of negative pressure and a chance that some contaminated air could escape.
I missed you Professor. Really enjoyed this one!
Ayyyyyy you’re back 🙏🙌😭😭😭 your videos are so unique, thank you for the information
Great video, great channel. I love Prof Ruzic!
It's so good to see you after a long long time😊
Thank you professor for the clarification.
Great video as usual
Nice to see you again.
love your lessons' prof, the few real prof's we still have. You also must have been irritated by the nonsense of what politicians say about these power plants.Hope to see more of your video's. Your video's of the past should be obligatory to watch for student one's they go to university there they get thought how to play dames on electric game and standard computers and to write manifests to fight climate change.
Thank you!
I always enjoy your content Professor Ruzic. I hope you make more content if/when your busy schedule allows.
Good to see you again Prof.
Thank you for your informative videos ... I always learn from them.
If a F5 tornado is heading your way, a nuclear containment building looks like a good place to hangout 💪
Hi, im happy to see you again please upload more videos
Great video, as always Professor 👍
Thanks Prof. As always, very enlightening.
Love the channel!
Glad you are back even if just for a one off. I found your videos extremely instructive. Keep that squeaky pen in action.
A kinetic rod penetrator from an MBT gun CAN go through a containment structure. Likely some of the larger tandem warhead AT rockets could too, but not the most common man portable AT systems.
Advanced atgms can penetrate 2400mm of steel. But the explosion is very focused.
They do have bunker busters that would do the trick. But considering they occupy the place, they could just turn off the pumps. Or just grab the spent fuel and toss it out in occupied territory. Remove the generators that power the pumps.
And it doesn't have to be on orders from above. The occupying force could just decide to loot the place or detain the workers.
@RBMK5000
I agree that common man portable AT systems are not going through 1.5m concrete and 100mm carbon steel. Honestly, I've watched quite a few videos these last 7 months + of this class of weapons failing to penetrate the MBT armor they were designed to defeat.
However: look at air launched and vehicle launched AT rockets, particularly those with tandem in line warheads or very large single shaped charge warheads, as in the case of USA AGM114-K "Hellfire" missile. The weight of HE in these is an order of magnitude larger than the common man portabl AT weapons, THOSE could make a hole. Hopefully nobody is stupid enough to use such things.
As far as the depleted Uranium or Tungsten rod penetrators, the present generation of those fired from smooth bore guns at well over 1,500 m/second? At 90° those WILL go through the described 1.5m concrete + 100mm steel too.
Thank you for your work, Prof!
You need to make a visit down-under, nuclear energy debate is just beginning and many many misconceptions! Your talks are very informative, thanks!
its about time professor
Absolutely.
Thank you for the video!
A voice of reason in the mad world. Thank you sir!
Much appreciated explanation. Thank you!!!
The scary thing about the Chernobyl plant was it used graphite and when hot, carbon and the oxygen in the atmosphere like each other. The burning propelled the nuclear material into the atmosphere. It would be nice that these plants be designed so that if everything else fails, there would be a convectional cooling system.
The scary thing about the Chernobyl plant was that the operators pushed a reactor (with severe design flaws) into an unstable state just to perform an "experiment" so their bosses would be happy. Was Chernobyl preventable? Probably not.
There's an old adage in engineering: "You can design a foolproof system, but eventually it will break in a way you never anticipated."
@@stevematda976 The idea that the operators were primarilly to blame is a narrative that the soviets initially pushed since it's easy, later analysis found that the severe reactor design flaws carry most of the blame. The operators' actions created the conditions that allowed the reactor's negative characteristics to manifest themselves, but the operators had no idea about that... the problems with the reactor design were already known at the time to the designers, but not communicated to the operators.
@@stevematda976 Or, as the translation of the 1993 Soviet report about this accident (Annex I to INSAG-7) said: "The Commission considers that the negative properties of this type of reactor are likely to predetermine the inevitability of emergency situations" ... in other words, the reactor was an accident waiting to happen
thank you. it was a good idea to make this video. we needed to know this.
Wooooo Finally! Thank you Prof.😇
Yay, I'm so excited to watch this video.
Thanks for the video, Doc.
Thank you for another excellent presentation!
5:30 - Isn't there more like three locations where fuel is stored.. or even 4. New fuel, reactor fuel, spent fuel pool and fuel heading for final storage.
Thank you so much for this most informative video, Professor! This I can use as a tool to dispel some of the fears of people around me here in Europe. You can explain it much better than I can. As a not-at-all nerdy hobby I study nuclear reactors (with a heavy emphasis on the good old RBMK, though flawed it is in its design), and your videos have taught me so much about the subject of fission/ nuclear reactors. How I wish I would have had the chance to follow even one of your classes. Keep up the good work!
I just love these videos.
Very nice professor! I took an energy class from you a couple years back and wondered if the remaining reactors in Ukraine were of the bad Chernobyl design. Thank you for the update!
my favorite prof is back!
Glad to see more great content from you, sir.
He's back!
This guy is a professional at reverse reading and writing
Nice video.
Please do a video or two on the possibilities of closing the fuel cycle--fast reactors, waste burners, CURIO startup planning to recycle used fuel.
Any teacher I had would drop my scores for referring to Wikipedia :D It's so satisfying.
Great video, thank You, please publish stuff more often.
Hey professor! Long time no see! Thanks for explaining that to us! By the way, when will you come back to Brazil so I can be your guide again? Say hello to everyone for me!
Dear prof, there are literally hundreds and hundreds of 6-inch thin "concrete barrels" of Westinghouse spent fuel rods on the open-air warehouse at the ZNPP.
I don't think that contaminated area would be small.
glad you are here to speak some sense, despite this paranoia we have around here
Looks like the radiation has made him become mostly invisible! A few more rads and he will be a superhero!
Ok. Next time it should not be a black sport coat!
Welcome back!
THE LEGEND IS BACK BABY. Hell yea
My favorite professor, really about to enroll to take your class
The legend returns!
Been reading the news going, "Somebody get the Illinois signal."
or they could blow the dam and poison eveyone downstream how about that containment area?
How are nuclear heat exchangers maintained?
Do they need to be cleaned out regularly like normal ones? If so how do they not have contamination?
If they don't need to be cleaned out, how do they do that?
Usually heat exchangers that get fouled are ones that use outside water, like a river or a lake. The heat exchangers inside the containment are distilled water to distilled water.
@@illinoisenergyprof6878 With a bunch of corrosion inhibitors, since pure distilled water is corrosive. DAMHIK
It really takes a war to get you back? Seems a high bar.... Great to see your notification.
Please continue making more new videos.
4:30 Error in the professor's definition of cold shutdown. He states & shows on the screen that the reactor is at atmospheric pressure. This is wrong. Cold shutdown does not mean the reactor is at atmospheric pressure. The manuals for Westinghouse PWRs states "With the plant in cold shutdown, the pressure in the RCS must be at least 320 psig to support running the reactor coolant pumps". The IAEI statement about the cold shutdown condition of the Zaporizhzhia plant says that main coolant pumps are running.
4:41 Another statement, "as long as some circulation is maintained, some pumps going, there is enough water flow to take away the waste heat from the fission products" is very incomplete. The waste heat has to removed from the reactor system, it has to be transferred to another system. This vulnerability on secondary systems shouldn't be swept under the rug.
He's BACK!!!!!
Why didn’t you touch on the control rods being down or the rods themselves not containing only fuel pellets?
I guess it would’ve distracted from your point but even if there was no water or even if the control rods failed to fall into place it would become a molten mixture containing these other neutron absorbing materials preventing disaster both with the design of the fuel rods themselves & even more so when contained within the core of a reactor that’s made to prevent any such runaway reactions…all of this being contained within the building you described (and all being stuff you surely have a deep expertise in).
Excellent video Professor Ruzic.
Is it weird that I miss the squeaky markers? Haha