Calculus - The Fundamental Theorem, Part 1

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  • Опубліковано 27 вер 2024
  • The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. First video in a short series on the topic. The theorem is stated and two simple examples are worked.

КОМЕНТАРІ • 421

  • @herbertduncan5838
    @herbertduncan5838 Рік тому +20

    I’m 76 years old and I always wondered what calculus was. This is the closest I’ve gotten. I am going to keep trying until I completely understand. Please publish more o these examples. You are a good teacher.

    • @derekowens
      @derekowens  Рік тому +6

      Thanks for such a thoughtful and encouraging comment!

  • @tomt.9211
    @tomt.9211 Рік тому +2

    This is hands down the best explanation of The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus that I've seen. The reason is because you explain the WHY behind it all and give a real world example of how it is applicable and WHY its needed. Thank you for the video!

  • @jamescboyd
    @jamescboyd 15 років тому +16

    Of all the Calculus videos I've seen on UA-cam, yours are definitely my favorite. Concise, clear, conceptual - they're really good for understanding the concepts. I'm going to school for engineering and plan on viewing your Physics videos soon! Right now, I'm hoping to survive Calc. 2 online over the summer... Thanks!

  • @bilu2458
    @bilu2458 6 років тому +14

    I wish college professors would take the time to teach like you do.

  • @miketooth8119
    @miketooth8119 10 років тому +13

    reviewing this after 35 years for my son - wish I had a teacher like this
    and explanations like this

  • @altoclef4989
    @altoclef4989 4 роки тому +2

    I FINALLY get this, I wish online classes were just watching your videos, because it's SO much more helpful than just a wall of text. THANK YOU!

  • @iancoult7875
    @iancoult7875 Рік тому

    I am 60yrs old. As a kid, I was a maths wizz and spent my working life as a betting shop manager. I have always been comfortable with probability theory; but calculus always bemused me. This is excellent!

  • @jkj1459
    @jkj1459 10 років тому +79

    very good explanation . now i have got the sense of using calculus. though i was able to solve problems in my schooldays i was not able to understand it in reality . we blindly used formulas, and how to solve typical problems just to score for exams not enough time to think over it ,due to law imagination power , and due to pressure of completing the courses . basically the purpose of calculus were not taught . and this still may be a problems for some students.. THANK YOU SIR.

    • @Bentami
      @Bentami 5 років тому +4

      J K J yes thats a problem with math in general. Some people are able to instantly click with the concept but some like me spend countless hours to understand but end up memorizing how to do it instead of understanding it. Videos like these help alot.

    • @Inspiredmathematicsclasses
      @Inspiredmathematicsclasses 5 років тому +1

      YOU CAN FOLLOW MAXIMUM SHARE ------------ ua-cam.com/play/PL0o1IL6EH-hmAI6PppvpjasHyy-zhRWOR.html

    • @Pattrices1
      @Pattrices1 3 роки тому +1

      Veey true and this is one of the reason why students hate science classes.. the application part of it is missing (so that makes science classes look solid and horrible)

    • @luiswittrock223
      @luiswittrock223 3 роки тому +1

      Ok I know this comment is 6 years old, but what are those spaces between the words?

  • @kingmanyeung8834
    @kingmanyeung8834 4 роки тому +1

    What a champ you are professor!! Explicit and clear explanation without any confusion.

  • @alaricblair3264
    @alaricblair3264 4 роки тому +1

    I'm an English teacher who avoided higher level math, but In 5 Minutes of your video I was hooked.

  • @ALWAYSGOODENGLISH
    @ALWAYSGOODENGLISH 4 роки тому

    One of the best teacher I have seen. Mind blowing. Better than Khan academy. I would like to touch his feet in reverence. Nameste Sir.

  • @nikhilpant6428
    @nikhilpant6428 2 роки тому

    I actually searched for your channel
    I read physics from your channel some 8 years ago
    Still the best channel

  • @peterhunt1968
    @peterhunt1968 4 роки тому +2

    Beautifully clear and concise. Bravo 👏 and thanks 🙏

  • @WilliamSoto
    @WilliamSoto 5 років тому +7

    Excellent presentation. I feel I understand the Fundamental Theorem in a much deeper sense. Thank you.

    • @zkzk5334
      @zkzk5334 5 років тому

      are u so stupid

    • @Inspiredmathematicsclasses
      @Inspiredmathematicsclasses 5 років тому

      DIFFERENTIABILITY , SHORTCUT , WBJEE , JEE MAINS , ADVANCE , Any other competitive Exams.: ua-cam.com/play/PL0o1IL6EH-hmuCDFxxLBk1Jxmm3hsn6qv.html

  • @MrFernandoBedoya
    @MrFernandoBedoya 5 років тому +1

    The explanation excellent for those that already have enrolled or take a course on Integral Calculus, not for those who doesn't. JUst a comment: Constant aceleration doesn't mean that the veocity doesn't change, it will change since there is acceleraion. Thanks for this excellent video.

  • @thedrumman64
    @thedrumman64 11 років тому +1

    I've been teaching for 25 years, and the past 12 years have been Introductory Calculus and APCalculusAB, and I want to tell you that this is an outstanding video of FTC Pt.1. Fantastic job! Looking forward to checking out your others, which is why I subscribed. :-)

  • @GTiR94
    @GTiR94 11 років тому +1

    Loving these videos.
    I had to leave school at 14 - 15 and have been using these as prep for the Uni entrance exam next year for a Bachelor of Engineering , keep up the great work.

  • @timotheospetros
    @timotheospetros 12 років тому +1

    It often helps to think of it from top-down instead of bottom-up.
    Let's say you have a function that gives the area under a graph up to any point on the x axis. Take for example the area (A) of a triangle formed under the line y = x. Its area will be 1/2bh, i.e. 1/2 x^2.
    Now consider how A changes with regard to x, i.e. dA/dx. It's x, the same equation (y = x) as the upper boundary line.
    If you don't know the original area function, you get back to it by integrating this line equation.

  • @dijonstreak
    @dijonstreak 4 роки тому

    awesome...the most lucid, direct, clear explanation EVER !!...SO many thanks for this excellent demonstration of what was once a mind boggling concept... !! very much appreciated !!

  • @mariomaruf
    @mariomaruf 14 років тому +1

    I always thought Khanacademy was good while although slow, but this is so much better, more professional, and both neat and concise. I know I'm subscribing.

  • @shep7484
    @shep7484 8 років тому +2

    Thanks for the Great job with the video, Derek. After years of working up to Calc III, this is the first time the fundamental theorem made any sense.

  • @osamamalik3290
    @osamamalik3290 5 років тому +1

    Only If I had a physics mentor like you I would have been doing a course to be a physicist instead of engineering but I am happy that I found someone who can even teach physics to toddlers

  • @cameronnekerekian1712
    @cameronnekerekian1712 5 років тому +9

    can we take a moment to appreciate that perfect ellipse at 1:14

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому +1

    Weight is typically defined as the force of gravity on an object, and the calculation is W = mg, in which m is the mass, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. In the metric system, that's kg times m/s^2, which works out to force in Newtons. In the English system the units can be a little confusing.

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому +2

    Thanks very much for the encouraging comment! I'm very glad you enjoyed the video!

  • @balochan1
    @balochan1 12 років тому +1

    @derekowens, surely you are the bestest tutor that I have seen so far. The way you explain makes maths soo easy. If you were my primary school teacher and taught me this at the age of 7, I am sure I would of passed Calculus course even then, But I have to say I owe you for your time and doing this for students. Thanks a lot, ur truely a LIFESAVER!

  • @majdyayoub2879
    @majdyayoub2879 4 роки тому

    A very perfect video. It explains in a very simple way

  • @skeltor575
    @skeltor575 7 років тому

    Such a clear video, even clearer than the Kahn Academy video, and that's quite a statement, because Kahn academy videos are usually outstanding.

  • @antonbashkin6706
    @antonbashkin6706 Рік тому

    Brilliant explanation, this put so much of Calculus 1 and Physics in perspective for me... awesome work!!!!!

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  15 років тому +1

    You are correct, there certainly should be a constant! However, when we are calculating a _definite_ integral, the constant disappears. It disappears because it would show up once in g(b) and again in g(a), and we subtract.
    I'm going to redo these videos soon, and I'll address the constant of integration when I do.

  • @bobaprakash8905
    @bobaprakash8905 4 роки тому +1

    Superb

  • @rahulv9946
    @rahulv9946 Рік тому

    Simply Superb explanation Sir.....👍

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому +4

    Thank you, thank you! I'm very glad you liked it.

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому +16

    I teach classes to homeschool students. I have live classes in the Atlanta area during the school year, and online courses available year round.

    • @megatton7207
      @megatton7207 3 роки тому

      Hello Mr. Owens, I understand everything except how did you get x^3 or x3. Did you add x2 dx together to get x3 or did you multiply?

    • @harshallkohli8458
      @harshallkohli8458 3 роки тому

      @@megatton7207 there is a general way for getting there that's simple
      ∫ x^n dx= x^(n+1)/(n+1) (when n≠1)

  • @denconstutube
    @denconstutube 11 років тому

    I just bumped into your video by accident. I must say it was excellent. I have been studying calculas on-line and I think your video is the best I have seen. I have subscribed to your site. Thank you.

  • @bujanginin9971
    @bujanginin9971 3 роки тому

    I cant wait and subcribed..

  • @borisrimpila2668
    @borisrimpila2668 4 роки тому

    These so good teachings even monkey could understand. 1000 thanks for this guy

  • @iiEdgR
    @iiEdgR 11 років тому

    OMG, I haven't even taken Calculus, yet I understand it clearly. Well done sir

  • @ethanpierce324
    @ethanpierce324 10 років тому +18

    Im in 8th grade taking geometry right now and this just blew my mind how many variables to the whatever

    • @carloscerritoslira328
      @carloscerritoslira328 7 років тому +2

      hi

    • @juujzilla2103
      @juujzilla2103 7 років тому

      Lel I am in 7th grade and I am learning Calculus

    • @dayzonmurray8880
      @dayzonmurray8880 5 років тому

      Saaaaame but I’m in 7th taking geometry

    • @nahrafe
      @nahrafe 3 роки тому

      Hi, now you must be on college.

    • @ethanpierce324
      @ethanpierce324 3 роки тому

      @@nahrafe Yessir I am! Though I definitely did not take the math route, hahaha. I am going to Rhema Bible College. And 6 years ago lol, it's been a little while

  • @zuhairalsaffar7001
    @zuhairalsaffar7001 4 роки тому

    Thanks SIR you did your best l like your way of teaching thanks

  • @UserName-sj8fg
    @UserName-sj8fg 7 років тому

    Excellent. He has a good voice and is very concise. Took me a while to get that dx means derivative of x. I didn't notice what dx is, only saw what its anti-derivqtive g is.

  • @lleaves
    @lleaves 10 років тому +1

    Thanks for the excellent video. Very concise and to the point with a good example!!

  • @pawanyadav3399
    @pawanyadav3399 2 місяці тому

    Nice explanation 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏 sir...

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому +1

    Yes, you nailed it. That's a more difficult problem, but it could be solved later in the course.

  • @jayti1827
    @jayti1827 5 років тому +1

    "Calculus is special." It stands out from all the other branches in math. Calculus is king."Very fascinating."

  • @timotheospetros
    @timotheospetros 12 років тому

    Acceleration = change in velocity / time. Therefore, change in velocity = acceleration * time. As the area under the graph also equals acceleration * time, it represents the change in velocity.

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому

    You are correct. That is the KEY issue, and in fact the physics of motion was one of the key motivators for the development of calculus. That is essentially one of the problems that Newton himself was thinking of when he produced this. I do cover the physics of motion in more detail in other parts of the course, though, just not all in this video.

  • @Fenyx46
    @Fenyx46 11 років тому

    Awesome! Thank you very much, I have to say, you're on par with KhanAcademy when it comes to clarity and organization with your problems.

  • @BYMYSYD
    @BYMYSYD 14 років тому

    wow, you did a better job than kahn academy. very clear and quick

  • @ashton982
    @ashton982 5 років тому +1

    Dude that lecture blew my mind I haven't taken calc 1 yet but I've looked up diif quotient and out of curiosity anti derivitves. I wasn't sure how you got the anti derivitives to plug into the equation but I knew you did and everything else was easy to follow.

  • @queenodein
    @queenodein 12 років тому

    I love you! Everyone made this so complex but you kept it really simple!! Thank you!!

  • @briangonzalez6432
    @briangonzalez6432 8 років тому

    honestly I know this is just pure calculus 2 but now I see how calculus based physics makes more sense than just using algebra formulas and plugging in numbers, calculus rules. I need calculus for my major computer engineering tech and this is a good course for that major

  • @carlosalbertocuadros5469
    @carlosalbertocuadros5469 2 роки тому +1

    Good Job preofessor

  • @jorgegonzalez-ec5fl
    @jorgegonzalez-ec5fl 5 років тому

    Great video. I understand this concept much better now, thank you.

  • @studio2038
    @studio2038 3 роки тому

    Well explain very clear to understand

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  12 років тому +1

    @Kaiyazu Yes, the capital F notation is fairly common, and I see that used some on AP exams also. The concept, though, is what is critical, and the goal is for it to make sense, in either notation. Glad you liked the video!
    DO

  • @sisounthonethongthep5445
    @sisounthonethongthep5445 2 роки тому

    Good math lesson.thanks for vdo

  • @dsakjet78
    @dsakjet78 11 років тому

    Because when you integrate variables to a power you add one and divide by the
    new variable.So x^2 becomes x^3/3.

  • @ian.ambrose
    @ian.ambrose 2 роки тому

    Thank you Father.

  • @rakshitar2492
    @rakshitar2492 7 років тому +1

    tnk u so much . i didn't understand till now after watching this video i understood perfectly.

  • @devondevon4366
    @devondevon4366 5 років тому

    0:58 I see, because even if you trying to find the area of figures without curves say a rectangle,
    this do work as well. Say the area of rectangle with length 3 and width 4 which =12
    Here f(x)= 3 a=0 b=4 and the integral (or anti derivative )of 3 = 3 x
    3 x 4 - 3 x 0 = 4 here we finding the area under f(x) or y=3 (a vertical line) from x=0 to x=4
    so yes it works.
    And if we are doing a triangle (area of triangle base x height all divided by 2) with base 3 and height 3
    where f(x)= x and a =0 and b= 3 then the integral of x = x^2/2 3^2/2 - 0^2/2 = 9/2-0 = 4.5. here it work not triangle as well as rectangle.

  • @DTM636
    @DTM636 12 років тому +1

    Extremely clear, thanks a lot! Great refresher.

  • @jimcar53
    @jimcar53 7 років тому

    OMG- now it all makes sense.
    thanks very much for keeping it simple.

  • @kevink.2773
    @kevink.2773 6 років тому

    I don’t know if it’s because I live in Europe, but here we put a « +c » by every primitive function we calculate. Just because the derivatives of x^3/3 and x^3/3 + (a constant number like 1,2,3,4,...) are the same: x^2. To me this seems quite important.
    Great video still

  • @theknacke
    @theknacke 11 років тому +1

    Thank you soooo much!!! It's a amazing thing you're doing making all these videos for everyone!!:D You're great at explaining!!

  • @drurenia
    @drurenia 11 років тому +1

    Gee, you make it so easy to understand.

  • @cheersfornads
    @cheersfornads 14 років тому

    You make Calculus sound great. Thanks.

  • @brittroderick3447
    @brittroderick3447 10 років тому

    I found this video very helpful and clear. Thank you very much!!

  • @knowledgeworld3044
    @knowledgeworld3044 4 роки тому

    sir you are so amazing teacher

  • @Adrian_Gutier
    @Adrian_Gutier 5 років тому

    Great video and explanation. A+

  • @jimadams2473
    @jimadams2473 10 років тому +1

    Derek, these videos are GREAT. Very clear and articulate. Nice work!!
    Thanks

  • @VFizz
    @VFizz 4 роки тому

    Excellent Vid - thank you!!!!!!

  • @ilganis
    @ilganis 7 років тому

    thank you very much ...im 60 and heard first time abaut non constant acceleration..

  • @Tom.Connolly
    @Tom.Connolly 12 років тому

    Big thanks from Ireland, the fundamental principle was well outlined with nice examples
    Regards Tom

  • @markrunnalls7215
    @markrunnalls7215 5 років тому

    Really brilliant love it more more ..please.👍

  • @fahmylina123
    @fahmylina123 11 років тому

    Very nice and clear presentation. Thank you.

  • @BMGBOX
    @BMGBOX 6 років тому

    Watched the series and it is very good ! Thank you !

  • @tomherd4179
    @tomherd4179 4 роки тому +1

    I agree with some comments below which state in school the mechanics of operations are taught. But where and how is the actual equation generated? Where did a=1.2t squared come from as an example? How is the original curve found? Without figuring out how to generate the function the mechanics could just as easily be done by a computer and plugging in values. It seems to me the development of the actual function is the first step to solving the problem: Which I will add totally illudes me.

    • @derekowens
      @derekowens  4 роки тому

      I'll try to weigh in on this. In a given situation, the actual function comes from an analysis of the particular situation. In this example we simply started with a given function.
      Regarding where the function actually comes from in the real world: In some simpler situations, the function is easily intuited from certain known facts. In simple cases involving a constant rate of change, for example, it may be easily seen that the function is clearly linear with respect to time.
      in more complicated situations, we have multiple variables and varying rates of change. In these cases an analysis of the situation leads us to a differential equation which then needs to be solved. Finding and solving the DE is a more advanced topic, which is typically introduced a couple of chapters after the Fundamental Theorem, and covered in more detail in later courses. After third semester calculus, students often take a full course in differential equations. Personally, that was the hardest math course I took.
      One fact not often emphasized is that many situations are actually extremely complicated, with too many variables or too many unknowns, and we simply can't model it effectively without certain simplifying assumptions. In some other cases we can produce a DE describing the situation, but can't easily solve the DE to find the function.

    • @studypurpose7804
      @studypurpose7804 Рік тому

      for a case, A rocket is lift off. The location of rocket from the starting point is measured using distance meter at every micro seconds. Now, the data gives rocket distance verses time. Using arithmetic operators, the velocity of rocket may calculated. however, it may not be accurate. somewhat, a function is created.
      then, think on how to develop acceleration vs time curve?
      Curves, can be developed using athematic operators.
      It depends on how much accuracy the market need.
      In a shop, seller can measure ideal 1kg mass with error of 20%. The population in the area is okey with that. market balance occurred.
      However, In some field, more accuracy is required to achieve or demonstrate some products or services. In this need, human explore any ideas that fulfills his satisfaction at his understanding about nature.

  • @mathecian
    @mathecian 4 роки тому

    Perfect sir

  • @deanbrown2542
    @deanbrown2542 9 років тому

    Excellent videos - thanks so much.

  • @fawzyhegab
    @fawzyhegab 11 років тому +1

    Nice Videos , but you missed a small thing which is , when you calculated the anti-derivative of x^2 , you have forgotten to add the constant of the integration C . of course this constant would be neglected when we take the definite integral as C-C=0 , but it may be important point to be mentioned for the beginners who face fundamental theorem of calculus for the first time . This is of course Great Video so keep up the good work! Regards.

  • @DavidAndrewsPEC
    @DavidAndrewsPEC 8 років тому +6

    Last video I watched last night before I went to bed.
    Enjoyed it immensely. Going to watch the others now.
    Would say something about the word 'anti-derivative' but that is more like that old 'tomay-toe'/'tomaa-toe' arseholery that leads to folks calling 'the whole thing' off. We used the word 'primitive' where I read maths, but the definition of that is what you say.
    Excellent.

    • @derekowens
      @derekowens  8 років тому +2

      I should have pronounced antiderivative differently. Thought about re-recording it for that reason but I never had time. Glad you liked the video, though!

    • @DavidAndrewsPEC
      @DavidAndrewsPEC 8 років тому

      Derek Owens
      Nah - sounds fine to me. And yes - they _are_ really awesome videos.

    • @wolfgangi
      @wolfgangi 8 років тому

      In the rocket example, why does the area under the curve represents the speed of the rocket at the end of the 7th second? Wouldn't the value of the y axis be the speed?

    • @derekowens
      @derekowens  7 років тому +2

      Wolfgang, In this example we have a graph of acceleration vs. time, so in this case the value on the vertical axis is the value of the acceleration at any moment. The area under the graph is the change in velocity. If we have a graph of velocity, then the slope of the velocity graph would be the acceleration. Hope that helps. D.O.

    • @GeorgeRapko
      @GeorgeRapko 7 років тому

      But then you used the word, maths and I had to call the whole thing off. :-P

  • @danielbarnett6009
    @danielbarnett6009 10 років тому +2

    You are a legend!

  • @harrymason1053
    @harrymason1053 Рік тому

    Very clear.

  • @pip0rz
    @pip0rz 11 років тому +1

    Your method is great but I think you should share the workbooks for free. You would do a big favor to people and specially to those with limited resources. Take care.

    • @RanBlakePiano
      @RanBlakePiano 4 роки тому

      greenyblu he is all ready contributing to our education

  • @nhanguyen-gu8tn
    @nhanguyen-gu8tn 6 років тому

    🙏👌 clearly & very good to declare the topics ❤️

  • @shuvra4352
    @shuvra4352 2 роки тому

    Having little bit upper concept on calculus best fit your teaching.

  • @niq935
    @niq935 11 років тому +9

    How do you know g of x is equal to x cubed over 3?

    • @Laskilamun21
      @Laskilamun21 4 роки тому

      x cubed over 3 is the ANTI-DERIVATIVE of x squared

    • @anshbhilare9565
      @anshbhilare9565 4 роки тому

      Just add 1 to the power of the function

    • @oppo9795
      @oppo9795 4 роки тому

      Integration of x²=x²+¹/2+1

    • @studypurpose7804
      @studypurpose7804 Рік тому

      using integration formula guys!

  • @bebancos
    @bebancos 15 років тому +1

    Thanks man,, Great Teaching

  • @tienduong5752
    @tienduong5752 9 років тому +1

    Thank you so much , you are my calculus teacher ^^

  • @A-Oreal
    @A-Oreal 9 років тому +1

    Took this in college and I got a "mercy " pass. Whew!

  • @bernardbeaudreau7330
    @bernardbeaudreau7330 3 роки тому

    Newton's attempt at quantifying energy/force fluxions......or energy as the sum of the forces exerted......integral=sum total of forces exerted from time a to time b.

  • @yoramstein
    @yoramstein 4 роки тому +1

    Thanks

  • @cooygull
    @cooygull 10 років тому +2

    Thank you u are a really good teacher :D

  • @derekowens
    @derekowens  11 років тому +1

    Thanks very much, and if I remember, I do address the Constant of Integration in a later video in this series. And yes, it's an important for beginners, and an easy item to miss.

  • @rutamvarm
    @rutamvarm 10 років тому

    Awesome video. What is the software used by the way or is it any software??

  • @aram5642
    @aram5642 5 років тому +2

    (I hope the following questions won't offend your minds)
    While I do understand the idea of calculus in general, at some point I start to be baffled. That point is when I try to apply units. The solution for the first example is 7/3 - but of what? I assume the answer: of any unit that the axis x and y have, but squared. But it doesn't click with me really.
    The rocket example is difficult for me in a different way: why is the answer to "how fast" buried in the area of this 1.2t^2 fragment? Why does area depict velocity here?

    • @studypurpose7804
      @studypurpose7804 Рік тому

      pls see what are in x and y axis. In simple, Area means, multiplication of Length and width .
      X axis shows time, and y axis shows acceleration. Now, time X acceleration is velocity ?

  • @thetransformatorium7980
    @thetransformatorium7980 7 років тому

    I just stumbled across your channel, and I have to say your way of explaining this stuff is absolutely fantastic. Thank you for taking the time to make these videos. They're a great resource for people like me who got off to a rocky start in mathematics. Cheers!

  • @youngchangsong3135
    @youngchangsong3135 11 років тому +1

    Could you please tell me what program did you use for this video?
    It's really helpful to understand. I like the function of changing colors and instant redo functions.

  • @1hassan1100
    @1hassan1100 8 років тому

    Mr. Derek Owensthank you for this detailed explanationhowever, I think, when there is a function given as a derivative, the area under the curve of that function is the distance

    • @derekowens
      @derekowens  8 років тому +1

      +Hassan Alanazi You're welcome! If the function is a graph of velocity vs. time, then the area under the curve would be the distance or the displacement. That would be one specific application of the concept.