The 1918 Pandemic Never Ended

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  • Опубліковано 3 січ 2023
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    The 1918 pandemic infected over 500 million people, but the virus that caused it didn't stop in 1918.
    Hosted by: Stefan Chin
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    Sources:
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 2 тис.

  • @SciShow
    @SciShow  Рік тому +67

    Try LMNT at DrinkLMNT.com/SciShow. Thanks to LMNT for sponsoring this video.

    • @IanGrams
      @IanGrams Рік тому +6

      Is there anyone at Complexly I can contact about concerns around this sponsor?

    • @divat10
      @divat10 Рік тому +4

      @@IanGrams yeah aren't these drinks a scam?

    • @IanGrams
      @IanGrams Рік тому +5

      @@divat10 more quackery than scam. I fell for it from a previous video and later realized they have an unreasonable amount of sodium in them. 1000mg per packet. That's 43% DV, 3x as much as a 32oz Gatorade, or 200mg less than a packet of instant ramen.

    • @Amy-ff9lw
      @Amy-ff9lw Рік тому +6

      @@IanGrams Some people with chronic conditions such as POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome; causes an abnormally high heart rate and/or fainting when standing or sitting up, among many other widespread symptoms) can find electrolyte drinks and powders like those super helpful in reducing symptoms (primarily because of the salt), but they can be harmful for other people like those with high blood pressure (again primarily because of the salt). I don't know about that brand specifically, but electrolyte powders aren't all evil, but they're not all good either. It's tricky.

    • @diptera4611
      @diptera4611 Рік тому +8

      Making sketchy beneficial health claims on a show like this is weird at Least. Especially when you list so many sources for your other claims.

  • @Dontlicktheballoons
    @Dontlicktheballoons Рік тому +1765

    My great grandmother would tell us stories about when the 1918 flu hit Virginia when she was a little girl. No one in our immediate family passed away from it but almost the entire town was bed ridden at 1 point or another. Neighbors would slide meals in through the windows of the sick people's houses, only to then have those neighbors get well and return the favor days or weeks later. She would tell us stories of being only 5 years old but being the only one well enough to go retrieve water from the outdoor well and bring it in one ladlefull at a time.

    • @lohphat
      @lohphat Рік тому

      The odds were that every family least at least one member. It was so virulent, that if you had symptoms in the morning, you were dead by the same evening if you were vulnerable. It was the "cytokine storm" from the immune system which filled the victim's lungs quickly and they essentially drowned to death.

    • @animatrix1851
      @animatrix1851 Рік тому +88

      this is basically how covid was where i'm at

    • @NecrochildK
      @NecrochildK Рік тому +37

      I love your story. XD Though I'm left wondering why she didn't use a bucket, bowl or pitcher to fill at the well and bring in instead of going back and forth so much with just a ladle.

    • @ericajohnson3504
      @ericajohnson3504 Рік тому +115

      @@NecrochildK I guess that as she was only 5 , a ladle would be the only thing she could carry without spilling the water, or that she couldn't carry anything heavier.

    • @1IGG
      @1IGG Рік тому +80

      @@NecrochildK because water is heavy.

  • @Evergreen64
    @Evergreen64 Рік тому +1109

    They knew in 1918 that they weren't dealing with any known bacteria. They had ways to filter out bacteria and they still retained the infectious agent. But it wasn't till the 1930's that the first electron microscope was developed that they were able to see the first virus.

    • @jackprier7727
      @jackprier7727 Рік тому

      Such things later named "virus" were called "filterable elements" because they would pass through a porcelain filter (!!) and still cause disease-

    • @jhoughjr1
      @jhoughjr1 Рік тому

      pretty sure they knew of viruses before electron microscopes.
      The Russians were using page therapy before Flemming in 1925

    • @BrambleGlade
      @BrambleGlade Рік тому +84

      thank you for the explanation! I had no idea viruses were seen so recently; crazy to think about how far medical knowledge has come in just the last 100 years...

    • @zachj7953
      @zachj7953 Рік тому +102

      Imagine how terrifying it must've been to look down to such an absurdly small scale only to realize you are in fact surrounded

    • @misanthropichumanist4782
      @misanthropichumanist4782 Рік тому +42

      @@zachj7953
      Yeah. Lovecraft in miniature! 😬

  • @lynndonbarr3153
    @lynndonbarr3153 Рік тому +629

    I got sick from the 2009 h1n1 flu. I remember that the day when I got sick also coincided with one of the hottest summer days that year, so I was already dehydrated from being outside in the heat, and I wondered why I wasn't getting better after a day inside drinking fluids.
    Thankfully I was living with a roommate at the time, because I woke up in the hospital days later. I have momentary memories of waking up while they changed my IV fluids. Hands down the worst experience of my life. I genuinely thought I was going to die, and would have if not for my roommate calling an ambulance.

    • @alyseandrews1066
      @alyseandrews1066 Рік тому +17

      Me too! It was miserable!

    • @paposeco06
      @paposeco06 Рік тому +24

      And so did I. To this day, the worst flu I ever got. Even worse than COVID in my opinion.

    • @amberbydreamsart5467
      @amberbydreamsart5467 Рік тому +27

      Y'know, I'd almost completely forgotten that I did get swine flu! I was in middle school at the time, I caught it from the last week of school vacation to the local theme park. I must've still had that early-flu-exposure child magic because it was utterly unimpressive for me - I had a fever and muscle ache the first day, but once I got some acetominaphin in to reduce the fever I felt like I had a mild cold for a week. I was mostly pissed because I came down with it the first day of summer break and my parents, being responsible adults, made me quarantine inside the whole time I was sick.
      I did play like 60 hours of FFXII that week though

    • @Beaver550
      @Beaver550 Рік тому +46

      I got sick from H1N1 in February 2010 just as I turned 50 years old. It was miserable. I ended up with pneumonia in both lungs that almost did me in. I missed 6 weeks of work and was quite weak for months. My lungs have never been the same since. The experience taught me the value of getting vaccinated when they become available (which I had previously neglected to do).

    • @adamhawn2523
      @adamhawn2523 Рік тому

      Drink more water bro

  • @_maxgray
    @_maxgray Рік тому +674

    I nearly died during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and tons of my friends got really sick. It blows my mind that so many people seem to have forgotten it happened.

    • @KNR90
      @KNR90 Рік тому

      They didn't. After SARS and H1N1, people (stupid ones) began believing they were all over hyped and not a big deal because they never got sick and they didn't go full pandemic. These are the people who, when Covid hit, remembered that and thought the same thing was happening. That's why there were mass graves, because the stupid ones remembered not getting sick those times.

    • @ethanstump
      @ethanstump Рік тому +42

      It's partly because either a lot of people were too young for them to remember, or to old for it to really make an impact. I remember thats around the time I got my tonsils out, but I don't remember the exact details, as my memories of junior high were fuzzy, as I was going through health challenges and depression at the time. (Lol yeah, that's what happens when you get sick)

    • @ethanstump
      @ethanstump Рік тому +63

      Not to mention that when people bring up 2008, usually it's in reference to the crash. It really is crazy to me at how much economic crashes and outbreaks seem to go hand in hand both historically and today. From what I just looked up, it's mostly because while swine flu was far more infectious than regular flu, but it wasn't more deadly than regular flu season. This meant that people treated it more like a particularly bad flu season, rather than a separate event.

    • @189Blake
      @189Blake Рік тому +38

      I remember it very clearly. I was 16 years old and Mexico City went into lockdown for 3 weeks. I remember watching the news and seeing the infections rise on TV, asking my mom if everything was going to be alright. For me COVID was a déjà vu from those times.

    • @1IGG
      @1IGG Рік тому

      Dude, people already forgot millions dying of Covid. The human race isn't particularly smart.

  • @markmaurer6370
    @markmaurer6370 Рік тому +584

    My great-grandfather was an ambulance driver in WW1 and he caught the flu and while he was in the sanatorium his ambulance group was wiped out... The flu saved his life

    • @peggedyourdad9560
      @peggedyourdad9560 Рік тому +40

      That wasn't luck, that was divine intervention.

    • @borttorbbq2556
      @borttorbbq2556 Рік тому

      @@peggedyourdad9560 yeah divine intervention from a crackpot.

    • @borttorbbq2556
      @borttorbbq2556 Рік тому +47

      That's bittersweet to say the least

    • @thewafflehouse841
      @thewafflehouse841 Рік тому +21

      Well it depends he probably got lucky from not dying from the flu well unless he got it before 1918 then he had a better chance of survival but after it for some odd reason it just became deadlier we don't know why best guess is it became deadlier from well the great war when it hit the trenches and men who were gassed and well the chemical warfare can cause severe mutigenic effects

    • @borttorbbq2556
      @borttorbbq2556 Рік тому

      @@thewafflehouse841 no not really. Was so dangerous out of the gate because one it was a highly virulent strain but to it is also a detail people forget is that when a virus jumps species generally speaking it is significantly more dangerous and then tapers off look at the covid stuff the symptoms and the severity has gone down even in unvaccinated individuals

  • @kathyastrom1315
    @kathyastrom1315 Рік тому +575

    In November 1918, my grandmother’s little sister Hazel died from the flu, just 18 months old. I recently got a stash of family photos from my father, and in it is a picture of two ~1 year old babies with the name “Hazel” on the back. I don’t know which of the two is her, but that just might be the only photo of her. Thinking about that gives me a bit of a shock when I consider the fleeting nature of our existence on this planet.

    • @lucycarin
      @lucycarin Рік тому +23

      As a kid mid 1950s, my mom inherited post cards from her uncle. The years from 1905-1930s. They also write of having a relative dying in 1919.

    • @klimtkahlo
      @klimtkahlo Рік тому +25

      @@lucycarin in Portugal there are cemeteries with entire families and their servants having all died during that period of pneumonic flu.

    • @thewafflehouse841
      @thewafflehouse841 Рік тому +9

      @@klimtkahlo yip the Spanish flu was utterly devastating were it would use your immune system against itself the stronger your immune system the worse off you are and many died from turning blue at this point at the time of the Spanish flue was a death sentence
      Edit turning blue means your system has launched a cytokine storm were the immune system launches literally anything and everything to kill the invader but commonly would result in the death or debilitating of the person afflicted

    • @jamielonsdale3018
      @jamielonsdale3018 Рік тому +16

      Any chance she was the only one in the photo that wasnt slightly blurry?
      In 1918, it wasn't uncommon to take a photo with a family member whom had just passed. Often, that was the only time a family would have their photo taken. Cameras took much longer to take a photo, so you would have to hold a pose for an extended period of time. Often, a hidden rest would be used to help a person maintain the same pose without moving.
      For obvious reasons, the dead had no difficulty with staying still, and so they would be the only person who wasn't blurred slightly from very small movements during the film's exposure.

    • @msjkramey
      @msjkramey Рік тому +5

      @@jamielonsdale3018 that's so cool and a little creepy

  • @Tempo_Topos
    @Tempo_Topos Рік тому +90

    My grandmother was a little girl during the 1918 flu pandemic. She said she only had two types of nightmare as a kid: about the flu and about the kaiser (the last emperor of Germany).

    • @tomasparriles6440
      @tomasparriles6440 Рік тому

      The kaiser? Why?

    • @Braun09tv
      @Braun09tv Рік тому +2

      @@tomasparriles6440 because he was not a feminist?

    • @ryanfarrelly4647
      @ryanfarrelly4647 Рік тому

      @@tomasparriles6440 Maybe propoganda that caused her to fear Germans/Kaiser Wilhem II

    • @Tempo_Topos
      @Tempo_Topos Рік тому +7

      @@tomasparriles6440 Because during World War I he was the most well known leader of the Central Powers, who were at war with the Allied Powers, which included the USA (my grandmother was American).

    • @tomasparriles6440
      @tomasparriles6440 Рік тому +2

      @@Tempo_Topos Thanks for explain that, i guess the fear comes from the papers.....

  • @rossplendent
    @rossplendent Рік тому +364

    Quick correction: at around 3:00, the animation zooms into an infected cell to show whole viruses being targeted by antibodies inside the cell. In reality, antibodies don't enter infected cells. They bind to antigens presented on the *outside* of the cell, which were brought there by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
    This is one of the main reasons SARS-CoV-2 is so tricky for our immune systems: once inside your cells, the virus quickly suppresses MHC expression, meaning antigens are hard to come by, and infected cells aren't easily recognized.

    • @Darkmattermonkey77
      @Darkmattermonkey77 Рік тому +13

      Just like chiropractors, pretending to be doctors.

    • @bjornschafer8028
      @bjornschafer8028 Рік тому +56

      Not to mention the Fc region binding to the antigen too 3:12 💀

    • @mickeydangerez
      @mickeydangerez Рік тому +4

      They also say humans didnt' know about viruses until 1930 lol

    • @katybechnikova2821
      @katybechnikova2821 Рік тому +1

      Isn't there a way to recognize and kill cells without MHC?

    • @juliekorsbk4221
      @juliekorsbk4221 Рік тому +4

      And the virus still has its membrane inside this cell.

  • @romxxii
    @romxxii Рік тому +111

    The saddest bit is not only did the pandemic stick around and become part of our new normal, but the blatant disregard for public safety was also quite common back then. The more things change, the more they stay the same.

    • @nahor88
      @nahor88 Рік тому

      What blatant disregard today are you referring to? If anything, the reaction to Covid was WAY overblown. The way more practical solution was to ask high risk people to stay home and allow the world to continue operating as normal. The percentage of high risk to non-high risk was so infinitesimal. So many young small business owners had their lives tanked asking everyone to stay home. It should have been left completely up to the people to self-evaluate the level of risk for themselves. If you're a low risk person that could also spread it to someone high-risk that you interact with often, you should also stay home.
      I'm a young, healthy person. I caught Covid, I felt off for a week, and now have had 3 Covid shots. The only thing that happened was I lost 2 years of my youth thanks to the government taking away my free will.
      We allow people to get behind the wheel of a death machine every day, and put the lives of others at risk on their own decision making.

    • @mattsmolinski595
      @mattsmolinski595 Рік тому +1

      Element is Vegan friendly? You mean no pig intestine is in it. How could it be anything else. Key words to get you to buy.

    • @evil1by1
      @evil1by1 6 місяців тому

      You say that as if there was any other outcome.
      How long exactly do you think humans can survive being locked down? Oh you mean an incomplete lock down where 80 percent of people have to work because they are essential.... yeah I'm sure no disease will spread there.
      Even if you did somehow perfectly lock down every person ... can you make the rest of globe do the same? Look at new Zealand. Sure they kept it out and locked down so hard it smothered any transient cases but the rest of the world didn't or couldn't. As soon as they opened up for any reason, in marched disease. Is your solution permanent isolation? Like when the us shut it borders except where it would be "racist" not to allow undocumented people to just waltz in. So I guess you think we can do the New Zealand thing while also having open borders and international travel so long as the travel is to or from brown nations. Because that's going to contain a disease how? That doesn't make any sense at all but ok.
      Ah the vaccine. The vaccine that doesn't stop transmission or reduce disease severity. That'll what some how stop the spread by not stopping the spread. Really aside from polio and small pox when exactly has vaccination eliminated disease? It doesn't. Im not saying don't get vaccines but in the context of a novel disease becoming a pandemic and then endemic vaccines dont really stop that. More than anything anymore vaccines mitigate symptoms more so than than stopping transmission. You know what else does that... time and exposure. Thats the natural evolutionary path of most viruses, they start bad and eventually turn into a variant thats much less harmful so it can spread widely without killing its host. Yes I'm aware the fear mongering are desperate to claim that the law of declining virulence isn't true keep only using covid 19 as an example despite it being less lethal now than at the onset. The only cases where it isnt true involve human interference and the viruses mutations to evade our interventions leading to worsening disease.
      Like it or not this was always the outcome of any pandemic and it was foolhardy to think we could actually put that genie back in the bottle.

  • @davetaylor2088
    @davetaylor2088 Рік тому +114

    Great video. I have only had one influenza infection in my life. I was living by myself at the time. Every joint in my body hurt for days and the soles of my feet came off in one piece. I was so sick I couldn't get to the doctor and my employer got cranky because I didn't have a medical certificate to them within 48 hours of calling in sick. I went three days with only the water from the bathroom sink keeping me going. I didn't eat, smoke or defecate for that time and when I finally crawled out of bed and made myself my first coffee in four days the milk was off. On day five I was well enough to get to a doctor (although everything still hurt). He spent some time shouting at me for not calling an ambulance. I am not afraid of influenza but I certainly have a healthy respect for it. I gave the HR manager the soles of my feet in a plastic bag when I returned to work, along with a certificate that the doctor happily backdated. She seemed OK with that...

    • @GrumpyOldFart2
      @GrumpyOldFart2 Рік тому +22

      We’ll, that’s one way of convincing them that yeah, you were really sick. 😅

    • @mamanoneyall51
      @mamanoneyall51 Рік тому +46

      The soles of your feet..as a gift to the dark souls in HR...

    • @grrrgrl101
      @grrrgrl101 Рік тому +16

      It’s sad that some people flippantly dismiss that others can get seriously I’ll, I’m glad you brought the soles of your feet in a bag because then they HAD to take you seriously!

    • @mehere8038
      @mehere8038 Рік тому +13

      I've had the flu 3 times in my life, first one was the worst, when I was 10. I don't remember it well, but remember after I had recovered, my family then got sick & I got the day off school to care for them, calling the doctor to organise a housecall, cause my parents were incapable of getting out of bed to do anything. Doctor came, prescribed antibiotics for my Mum, since she also had bronchitis & I think some other meds as well, can't remember, but remember I had to ride my bike to the chemist to buy the meds, which was interesting, cause I had to ride straight past my school to do it. Was kinda fun running the house :) Eventually my grandparents were called in to help, but for the first couple of days, I was caring for myself & them, cooking, washing etc etc, plus my parents had their own business, so I was running that too (basically calling all the customers booked in & cancelling & recording an answering machine message saying they were sick & who to contact instead of them) My Mum was NEVER sick, so yeh, it was a bad one. Kinda annoys me when people say "I've got the flu" when they have a mild head cold. If you have the flu for real, you're not getting out of bed for a week! (well kinda out of bed after a couple of days, but certainly not back at work without passing out trying to get there)

    • @carenrose6002
      @carenrose6002 Рік тому +13

      Wait why did the soles of your feet come off? 😧 That's not a symptom of the flu I've ever heard about before but ... new fear unlocked

  • @BrambleGlade
    @BrambleGlade Рік тому +109

    my friend's grandmother got the 1918 flu and survived, but got so sick from it that she lost her entire head of hair-- it grew back eventually, but brittle and sparser, and never fully recovered.

    • @fiberpoet6250
      @fiberpoet6250 Рік тому +4

      Wow that’s wild a flu can do that

    • @WohaliTheOneandOnly
      @WohaliTheOneandOnly Рік тому

      People are reporting that Covid makes their hair thin out for almost a year before it goes back to normal.

    • @anyascelticcreations
      @anyascelticcreations Рік тому +5

      Mine has thinned a ton recently, too. I attributed it to medications or stress or thyroid issues. But I did have COVID twice. I've heard that can cause hair loss, too.
      Oddly enough, I had the h1n1 swine flu in 2009 and didn't loose any hair from that. Weird.

    • @AnonymousanonymousA
      @AnonymousanonymousA Рік тому +2

      Pathogen -> biofilm -> thyroid conditions that were massive after the 1918 flu -> thinning hiar -> the popular rise if the short female hair cut if that time -> the famou entertainer thar popularized it being diagnosed with a Thyroid Condition -> the 1918 flu was affiliated with a staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection and was likely spread by the government (many people reportedly got sick on Cloudy Days, possible cloud seeding related?)?

    • @dragoninthemoon7719
      @dragoninthemoon7719 Рік тому +1

      My hair got crispy and has been since swine flu back around 2009. Sounds like dead weeds/grass and it keeps growing like that.

  • @seatbelttruck
    @seatbelttruck Рік тому +78

    My college roommate caught swine flu in 09. They were very consciences about sanitizing and keeping airflow going in the dorm, and fortunately I didn't end up catching it. There were definitely a noticeable amount of flu cases going around campus that year, though not all of them were H1N1. I don't think my area had any "official" cases (my roommate was diagnosed in another state, but came back to school anyway because college).

    • @JonMartinYXD
      @JonMartinYXD Рік тому +13

      Among the many things we have re-learned due to COVID-19, one is the importance of keeping the air clean in spaces where lots of humans are crammed in for hours at a time, eg. dorms and schools. We should be racing to retrofit schools with top notch air handling systems that can disinfect the air. High up-front cost, but since kids are so vulnerable to infection and so good at passing it on the benefits of reducing infection rates in schools would multiply in the general population.

    • @Dubanx
      @Dubanx Рік тому +2

      I had it as well.
      It wasn't that much worse than a normal flu, but I was sick for two weeks straight. Longest I've ever been sick. Longer than COVID and chicken pox, which are the only other two times I've been sick for longer than a week.

  • @eacalvert
    @eacalvert Рік тому +143

    One of the other theories that I've heard about it why it hit harder in young healthy adults is similar to an issue with COVID: the immune response was stronger, meaning more inflammation and mucus production, which made a lovely home for secondary infection. Extra Credits History did a great series on the this

    • @DirkStarlight
      @DirkStarlight Рік тому +17

      Ah yes cytokine storms

    • @huldu
      @huldu Рік тому

      Actually with covid it's the reverse. Older people die from covid while we younglings are pretty much unaffected/very mild flu. The miles may vary of course. Let's be real by now most of us have had covid at least 3-5 times.

    • @eacalvert
      @eacalvert Рік тому +2

      @@huldu you're right. I think I was thinking of the 2nf or 3rd variant that emerged ???? My brain does not want to brain lol

    • @helentee9863
      @helentee9863 Рік тому +10

      I had exactly this type of flu 5 Christmases ago
      I produced so much mucus after the first 48 hours l couldn't breathe,so rang the out of hours doctor (111 in the uk) and they transferred me to the ambulance service.
      They said that they would send an ambulance,but it would take around 4 hours. Since l couldn't breathe my elderly father (also sick and in bed) took me to the hospital.
      There they did my (first ever) ECG and gave me a nebuliser till l felt a little better. Then the consultant tells me they need to rule out whether l've had a heart attack (women apparently don't always have chest pain)!
      The blood test ruled that out,so l go home with a steroid inhaler and antibiotics
      Yes, flu can be a killer
      More than a month to get over it +3 lots of antibiotics (and l'm a healthy non smoker with good cholesterol levels and no weight problems)

    • @lee3171
      @lee3171 Рік тому +3

      but covid didn't hit young healthy adults harder

  • @kaitlynoddie9649
    @kaitlynoddie9649 Рік тому +190

    the only memory i have of the 2009 pandemic is being in third grade getting the vaccine at school and my mom came to hold my hand and then ended up holding the hands of all the kids whose parents couldn’t come

  • @moonspear
    @moonspear Рік тому +85

    FYI your animation at 3:03 is inaccurate. It shows the "bottom" of the Y (the F_constant region of the IgG protein) attaching to the virus. The Fc portion is what interacts with your immune cells, its the two "top" parts of the Y, the F_variable regions, that actually do the recognizing and attaching to the viral particles

    • @lukaszszczebiot3160
      @lukaszszczebiot3160 Рік тому +7

      Came here to make same comment. IgG is backwards

    • @Tayl0r_
      @Tayl0r_ Рік тому +2

      This makes me realize I really need to grab my biology textbook and workbook from my storage unit next week lol. Good catch

    • @MWall711
      @MWall711 Рік тому +1

      Yup! Good catch!

    • @grapes4832
      @grapes4832 Рік тому +1

      Ok nerd

    • @eininw
      @eininw Рік тому +2

      Yes. Which side the antibody binds with affects how antibodies behave. Kudos to them for getting so much right though. Immunology is a very dense field to try to explain and understand, even for folks who work in it every day.

  • @gregoryclark8217
    @gregoryclark8217 Рік тому +85

    I had the 2009 swine flu, whilst aged 9, and this explains why my parents, born in '59 and '60 weren't bothered by it. I think I was also affected by "long swine flu" since I was noticeably weaker for about 1-1.5 years afterwards.

    • @rphnick
      @rphnick Рік тому

      Just watched an interesting video explaining that long covid is a type of long viral effect. People have been suffering from long viral effects for years, but it was never discussed before. Not really a new phenomenon caused just by covid, so I believe anyone who had long swine flu.

    • @sharonsloan
      @sharonsloan Рік тому +11

      Any bad viral infection can leave you with lingering symptoms, recuperating can take multiple months. For the unlucky it can trigger a lifelong autoimmune disorder, which happened me after a pneumonia infection.

    • @mjkay8660
      @mjkay8660 Рік тому

      swine flu in 09 wasnt the first time, back in 84? babies & elderly died after getting vaccinated. causing mistrusted vax's

    • @anyascelticcreations
      @anyascelticcreations Рік тому +7

      Same here. I was already very prone to illness before getting Swine flu in 2009. Probably from what I now know was Lyme disease that went untreated years before. But that flu wiped me out for years. And I've had flu after flu ever since often developing into pneumonia. I thought for sure that COVID would kill me if I got it. I did get COVID, twice, but oddly enough that was mild for me compared to swine flu. I still have long something, though. Long Lyme/h1n1/COVID I guess.

    • @anyascelticcreations
      @anyascelticcreations Рік тому +2

      @@sharonsloan How did your doctors end up discovering your autoimmune disease, if you don't mind my asking? My doctors have been trying to pinpoint exactly what is wrong with me and I have had multiple very serious illnesses throughout my life. I have an appointment with a rheumatologist in a little over a month. Any suggestions regarding finding an autoimmune disease like that?

  • @TreadSlowly
    @TreadSlowly Рік тому +89

    Those antibodies are depicted upside down. The "V" ends attach to antigens. The base "I" segment attaches to immune cells etc.

    • @jefimeyerhoff999
      @jefimeyerhoff999 Рік тому +8

      I caught that too. Fc stealing all the thunder from Fab portions 😕 c'mon sci show 😛

    • @jeffreyalanwong
      @jeffreyalanwong Рік тому +3

      Lol! And it should be noted that it’s an IgG… the IgM is more of a pentamer type of thing than with the fab(2) parts facing out and the Fc part facing in looking like a snowflake

    • @jhoughjr1
      @jhoughjr1 Рік тому

      I noticed that too but didnt htink much of it.

  • @lh3540
    @lh3540 Рік тому +96

    A friend I was hanging out with got the 2009 one really badly. He lost like 12lbs. It was weird because we were in close contact, even sharing drinks and I got nothing.
    I did get wrecked with the worst flu of my life in 2003, and my jerk college profs wouldn't let me out of class. I should have gone to the hospital that time. Looking back that is insane.

    • @Handicrafti
      @Handicrafti Рік тому +21

      I had a friend in college in 2011(?) who actually had to drop out of school because got the flu and one professor wouldn't let her make up the work. She was supposed to but was really old and just didn't care, she wouldn't make any exceptions. My friend got a bad grade, which tanked her GPA, and she lost her scholarship

    • @cleverusernamenexttime2779
      @cleverusernamenexttime2779 Рік тому

      @@Handicrafti I would have brought her in front of the school board. Or at least kick the s*** out of her

    • @erinm9445
      @erinm9445 Рік тому +10

      @@Handicrafti Wow, that is terrible. And shocking that there wasn't any path for challenge or recourse with the school administration or with the department overseeing the professor.

    • @ericmaclaurin8525
      @ericmaclaurin8525 Рік тому +4

      2003 was the first covid pandemic - SARs -

    • @StarCrystal9
      @StarCrystal9 Рік тому

      Well in the favor of fair balance, the Covid produced opposite reactions! Both are definitely insane!

  • @sharonsloan
    @sharonsloan Рік тому +34

    My husband was really sick with the 2009 swine flu. He quarantined to his room for 2 weeks so our young daughter wouldn't get it. Thankfully neither of us got it. House well ventilated and all high touch areas cleaned frequently, an exhausting 2 weeks.

    • @camipockets
      @camipockets Рік тому +3

      Good job!

    • @amberhawksong
      @amberhawksong Рік тому +1

      I'm glad everything worked out! He sounds like an amazing husband too.

  • @geektome4781
    @geektome4781 Рік тому +23

    I knew two people who died of the 2009 swine flu, including my boss. He was a great man.

    • @dingdong2103
      @dingdong2103 Рік тому

      I know 3 people who died immediately after taking the covid jab, 2 of which my close friends. And one more got a stroke at 55 after the jab. One died to blood clots, 2 sudden cardiac arrests with no prior symptoms. My uncle had to go to heart surgery after his 2nd jab, surprisingly he refused the 3rd 🤣

    • @Agiyi
      @Agiyi Рік тому

      I know people that died of literally anything, what's your point?

    • @lesath7883
      @lesath7883 Рік тому

      May he be in light.

    • @lesath7883
      @lesath7883 Рік тому

      @@dingdong2103 May they be in light.

  • @icarusbinns3156
    @icarusbinns3156 Рік тому +15

    My sister caught the 2009 outbreak. And got bronchitis on top of that!
    When people say they’ve list their voice, they can usually make whisper sounds. Sis was completely silent. Mom got a little white board so sis could communicate with us, when she was awake.

    • @AnonymousanonymousA
      @AnonymousanonymousA Рік тому

      USA30O Pandemic discovered in 2009 covered up look it up, look up Medical upcoding and medical gaslighting as well, there are games being played

  • @EternalxFrost
    @EternalxFrost Рік тому +43

    One of the best SciShow episodes I've seen.
    Only to notice half-way in the video that it was published 45 minutes ago, so fresh. Thank you SciShow !
    Oh, and that shiny Charizard line was amazing haha

    • @Carebearritual
      @Carebearritual Рік тому +1

      i agree! not sure what i like about this video more than others, though

  • @coldfinger459sub0
    @coldfinger459sub0 Рік тому +229

    My grandfather was 10 years old and a police officer stopped him in the street and made him go home because he was not wearing a mask back in Spanish flu time.

    • @raztubes
      @raztubes Рік тому

      Did he tell the cop that he will not be muzzled and that the flu is just another conspiracy to bring about a new world order?

    • @coldfinger459sub0
      @coldfinger459sub0 Рік тому +4

      @@raztubes George bushes, clan and group ancestors were hard at work even back then.

    • @gordthor5351
      @gordthor5351 Рік тому +8

      Tom Lech / LECH AIR CONDITIONING You mean the "US Flu". It originated in the US.

    • @johncaze757
      @johncaze757 Рік тому +2

      Where did that happened at exactly?

    • @metamorphicorder
      @metamorphicorder Рік тому +13

      And it was just as stupid as it is today.

  • @nobodyspecial4702
    @nobodyspecial4702 Рік тому +32

    British railway workers in India estimated the death toll there alone at 60 million, but there were no records of the population by any other members of the government to corroborate those numbers.

    • @DanielSMatthews
      @DanielSMatthews Рік тому +1

      Tuberculosis (TB) mortality declined after the 1918 pandemic, suggesting that influenza killed those who would have died from TB.

    • @Allan_son
      @Allan_son Рік тому +2

      @@DanielSMatthews or it quickly killed the people currently suffering from TB, which slowed the spread of TB. Then other people were saved from subsequent TB infections.

    • @DanielSMatthews
      @DanielSMatthews Рік тому +1

      @@Allan_son In 1918 the majority of influenza victims were smokers (young adults, particularly men) and did not have access to antibiotics, which is relevant because Tuberculosis (TB) mortality declined after the 1918 pandemic, suggesting that influenza killed those who would have died from TB. The virus hammers the immune system so hard that you get opportunistic infections or flare ups of existing ones, these still happen in a modern context, just not as often and it is usually treated appropriately and in a timely manner, with antibiotics.

  • @jessicaspencer3480
    @jessicaspencer3480 Рік тому +26

    Not only did I get the swine flu in 2009 at 8 years old around October but all of my cousins (at the time about 30 of us in total, 10 or so) were out playing in the yard all day the day before my brothers and I became sick. When we went to the doctors my brothers and I were diagnosed with both strep and the flu. All of my cousins that were out playing that day got it and so did their siblings. One of my cousins a year older than me had epilepsy and didn't get it until after most of us got better so the entire family gathered for our aunt's birthday. This cousin got a fever from it, so she went to bed early to sleep it off; had a seizure and died from asphyxiation in the other room while we were celebrating.

  • @territaylor8276
    @territaylor8276 Рік тому +72

    My Mother passed from covid 19 in 2020. My sister & I were with her the last 7 hours of her life. When she passed, I pulled off my ppe & laid on the bed with her. After that day, despite our care to not have family contact, My father & 2 sister's extended famlies became sick. I quarantined but never was ill. Either I was unsymtomatic or still high on antibodies from a severe "flu" I'd had the fall previous. I've also had swine flu. Idk. It's just so weird. My sister that was with me when my Mother passed became very ill despite keeping all her ppe on & extreme precautions (like undressing before going in her house). Regardless, if anyone had experienced the passing of someone from covid 19, they would not dismiss its impact.

    • @fourleafclover2064
      @fourleafclover2064 Рік тому +14

      I'm so sorry about your mother's passing. Covid is terrible

    • @gordthor5351
      @gordthor5351 Рік тому

      Terri Taylor Sorry about your loss. There is a big misconception regarding the main purpose for wearing masks. The virus can enter a host via the mouth, nose and eyes (mucus membranes). Masks don't protect the eyes, but they do greatly mitigate the chance of infecting others in their eyes nose our mouth. The virus can live on hard surfaces for at least 1 day, so all the PPE in the world won't help if people touch their eyes, nose or mouth before washing their hands.

    • @jmann2143
      @jmann2143 Рік тому +4

      Lol ..who says..."I pulled off my ppe". No one in case you're wondering.

    • @Pippis78
      @Pippis78 Рік тому +9

      So so many people died alone because family members weren't allowed to be with them. Nightmarish.
      It kinda had to be done like that but it's just so terrible.

    • @rosiehawtrey
      @rosiehawtrey Рік тому

      Did your sister do the sanitiser and you didn't? That's enough to explain it. You use sanitiser and it kills your holobiome - so all the hospital nasties can get in - you don't your own biome protects you. I've never had covid - kind of irrelevant however due to multiple bcc and breast cancer.. Partly isolation, partly from knowing the stuff I know. Partly never *ever* killing my skin holobiome to allow every hospital infection free range on me.

  • @Beaver550
    @Beaver550 Рік тому +44

    I got sick from H1N1 in February 2010 just as I turned 50 years old. It was miserable. I ended up with pneumonia in both lungs that almost did me in. I missed 6 weeks of work and was quite weak for months. My lungs have never been the same since. The experience taught me the value of getting vaccinated when they become available (which I had previously neglected to do).

    • @areguapiri
      @areguapiri Рік тому

      Keep getting those injections.

    • @gk5891
      @gk5891 Рік тому +2

      I was hospitalized in the ICU with pneumonia as a young child with the 1968 H3N2 (which was a genetic component of the 2009 H1N1). I was lucky enough to recover without lasting lung damage in 1968 and it possibly contributed to the mildness of the 1977 H1N1 in my case (although I apparently contracted Chicken Pox during a Doctor's visit). The combination apparently provided me with some defense against the 2009 H1N1 as I managed to avoid infection.

    • @dijidal
      @dijidal Рік тому +1

      Vaccines are for emotionally weak people who have little to no mind-body connection and who eat the corporate American diet, avoid direct sunshine, and who regularly sit on their couches and watch tv.

    • @MrBannystar
      @MrBannystar Рік тому

      As long as the "vaxxes" actually work. These C-19 aren't exactly up to scratch.

    • @amberhawksong
      @amberhawksong Рік тому

      I'm glad you made it in the end.

  • @neilkurzman4907
    @neilkurzman4907 Рік тому +64

    The story of how we have the genome for the 1918 pandemic is also an interesting story. The story of a doctor that tried to get a sample of the virus in the 40s and a team of army scientist, trying to sequence the virus based on samples from World War I in the 2000s.

    • @kyrab7914
      @kyrab7914 Рік тому

      I was wondering how we got it tbh

    • @neilkurzman4907
      @neilkurzman4907 Рік тому +2

      @@kyrab7914
      en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Hultin

    • @allangibson8494
      @allangibson8494 Рік тому +1

      @@kyrab7914 They also recovered samples from Inuit victims buried in the Alaskan permafrost. Being frozen for a century is great at preserving viral genes.

    • @kyrab7914
      @kyrab7914 Рік тому

      @@allangibson8494 that's kind of terrifying but neat

  • @veggiet2009
    @veggiet2009 Рік тому +25

    I have a weird sense of nostalgia watching this video, it has me nostalgic for 2 years ago when I was very interested in virology, for... "some" reason....

  • @leeparkdenouden
    @leeparkdenouden Рік тому +24

    the Spanish flu of 1918 arrived in Nigeria at the time. it was largely unreported but it killed a lot of Nigerians in those days it first arrived in lagos and slowly moved to my grandfathers state and then to his village of Adonte, this was before the Nigerian independence. a huge part of my grandfathers family was wiped out because of it, he was the only surviver of the Spanish Flu. They gave him a title in honor of being able to survive that scurge

  • @CompanionCarli
    @CompanionCarli Рік тому +20

    I remember catching H1N1 back in 2009. It happened in the middle of the summer and it barely affected me. I just had a low grade fever and a slight cough. My poor brother on the other hand caught it a week after me and was sick for weeks. He is only 5 years younger than me but I guess it was enough of a gap in our age to be exposed to different enough strains of the virus.

    • @anyascelticcreations
      @anyascelticcreations Рік тому

      I got it too and so did my boyfriend at the time. He mostly slept for a day or so and then was fine. I was very seriously ill for months and was noticeably more sickly for years. He said he recovered from stuff very easily because he had some rare blood type. I have no idea if that's true. But he definitely did recover from stuff fast.

  • @nance1111
    @nance1111 Рік тому +16

    This is very informative. One of my kids got the H1N1 in 2009. It was scary. I wish I'd understood more about it at the time and this would have been a huge help. One complaint I had then that I still have today is that "Family Practioners" don't explore what kind of flu you have ( I had to request he be tested) and in this current environment, they don't want you in their offices if you have respiratory symptoms at all. You really have to push to find out what exact type of flu you have.

    • @anyascelticcreations
      @anyascelticcreations Рік тому

      When I had h1n1in 2009 the doctor I saw offered the test to me without my having to ask. I was also at the doctor's office this week for other stuff. Several people in the waiting room were clearly sick. And the nurse told me that they are not allowed to turn down anyone who is acutely ill. So, maybe it varies from place to place. But both places that I referred to here seemed to be treating patients well.

  • @nightthought2497
    @nightthought2497 Рік тому +17

    The major take away from this should be that factory farming is the primary contributing factor to the spread of pandemics. Re-localize and diversify livestock practices, with a focus on small scale ranching. Smaller herds, smaller viral sinks.

    • @karldubhe8619
      @karldubhe8619 Рік тому

      D'ya really want to pay 30$ for a chicken?

    • @nightthought2497
      @nightthought2497 Рік тому

      Person doing the subtitles pressed x to doubt.

    • @LimeyLassen
      @LimeyLassen Рік тому +3

      True. If we keep doing the same things we'll keep getting the same results, or worse ones. Almost every pandemic comes down to livestock.

    • @lordgarion514
      @lordgarion514 Рік тому

      @@LimeyLassen
      The majority of the diseases we have vaccines for, came from our livestock.
      Humans have given animals diseases as well.

    • @lordgarion514
      @lordgarion514 Рік тому

      Small scale means a LOT more people in contact with animals.
      The diseases don't magically pop up in a herd, it's brought to it by an infected animal.
      You'll lose more animals with larger herds, but you'll have a fraction of the people exposed to the animals.
      Small scale is what parts of China have going on. Tons of people exposed.....

  • @catc8927
    @catc8927 Рік тому +11

    The 2009 H1N1 was one of the worst flus I’ve ever had. Coughed until I lost my voice. Had chills and never could feel warm at all. Needed Tamiflu to finally break the fever. Messed up my metabolism for months after.

    • @Tayl0r_
      @Tayl0r_ Рік тому +5

      I remember that. I was 10, and had immune system issues so I got it bad. Turned into pneumonia. Had relapses 2 times, due to the infection.
      A bit of a tangent but I remember my 4th grade teacher was super pissy that I kept missing class so often, and didn’t understand the math problems.
      She didn’t take my health issues very seriously and that just made me develop anxiety/avoidance issues smh

    • @v1626
      @v1626 Рік тому +3

      @@Tayl0r_ some teachers are the worst. It was a scary time, sorry you had that experience!

    • @Tayl0r_
      @Tayl0r_ Рік тому +2

      @@v1626 It’s okay! But I will say it’s pathetic that it took a seperate/another new pandemic for teachers, institutions, admins, workplaces/corps etc. to understand people’s situations like mine, and actually *properly accomodate*. Sad.

    • @catc8927
      @catc8927 Рік тому +2

      @@Tayl0r_ That’s so sad that you had such an unsympathetic teacher. I first noticed the 2009 flu pandemic because at the time I was working as a TA in graduate school, and an unusually large number of my students were requesting deadline extensions very early in the term. Once I realized it was due to the pandemic, I tried to go as easy on them as I could.

  • @cmichaud04
    @cmichaud04 Рік тому +14

    I think the major takeaway of this video is that there is a flu strain that specifically only targets humans and also seals. That's insane

    • @letsburn00
      @letsburn00 Рік тому +1

      This kind of thing is the reason gain of function research was done. Despite what a bunch of conspiracy theorists say, there is a reason you want to be able to develop medicine and vaccines on stuff and be able to use animals like rabbits and mice instead of having to keep a bunch of seals around (or using humans for early research)

    • @useodyseeorbitchute9450
      @useodyseeorbitchute9450 Рік тому +1

      Next time someone would be clubbing seals, he should explain it's a pandemic prevention policy.

  • @RamonQuiro7
    @RamonQuiro7 Рік тому +14

    Thank you! This flu timeline was really interesting and crazy. It was all really concise and we'll presented

  • @andromeda7758
    @andromeda7758 Рік тому +32

    I got h1n1 back when I was 9? It was when they outbreak was out in the late 2000s. Luckily I had a mild strain cause it could've got nasty with my asthma. Dr. Told me to isolate so I hid in my basement for a week. Thats when my dad got me the sims 3 and that started a whole thing and I think he regretted getting me that game 😂
    I get a strange ass nostalgic memory of being sick and playing sims 3 for the first time when I smell a specific hand sanitizer 😅

    • @tyler5545
      @tyler5545 Рік тому +7

      So funny, I also have a crazy connection between basements, smells and the Sims (though it was the Sims 1 👴🏼)!! Our family computer was down in the basement, in which we had one of the radiator-style oil space heaters since it was usually chilly down there. All the countless hours my siblings and I racked up down there playing the Sims, to this day we always laugh when a space heater is on somewhere and say “smells like The Sims.” Pavlov was certainly onto something…

    • @usaslastresort1126
      @usaslastresort1126 Рік тому +4

      @@tyler5545this is what the internet was made for!!!🙏🏽

  • @morgan9005
    @morgan9005 Рік тому +5

    I caught it in 2009, along with the rest of my family and our neighbours. I was vomiting every 5 minutes, my mother took my to the hospital only for her to start vomiting once I’d got a room. They told her if she wanted any medication she’d have to go wait for a spot, but she didn’t want to leave me. My dad called a while later saying my baby sister was vomiting all in her crib, and he was sick too. I crapped my pants right before we left the hospital that night, didn’t even know it was coming. I was horribly dizzy as well. It was a truly brutal flu.

    • @areguapiri
      @areguapiri Рік тому

      What happened I was 2009? I don't remember it.

    • @morgan9005
      @morgan9005 Рік тому

      @@areguapiri h1n1 outbreak

  • @sam-dot
    @sam-dot Рік тому +30

    As someone who is currently down for the count with the flu, this was a funny coincidence and I can’t wait to see the video.

  • @carolbowen1693
    @carolbowen1693 Рік тому +3

    A friend of ours tested positive for covid Dec of '21-took colloidal silver and got better in just 2 days-I've heard similar stories

    • @kazzicup
      @kazzicup Рік тому +1

      Tell your friend not to get tested ever again. Scam.

    • @sithwolf2091
      @sithwolf2091 Рік тому

      Lol let me guess you took advice from Mercola? You know that fraud also claims colloidal silver helps with rabies? What utter trashy lies.

  • @patrickrussell1888
    @patrickrussell1888 Рік тому +5

    My grandfather came down with the flu during WWI. He never got to the Euopean theater because of his lungs. My grandmother was a Red Cross nurse helping with the sick soldiers New York. Luckily he survived, albeit basically one lung. That's how they met. My grandfather lived to 85 as a dirt farmer in Oklahoma. My grandma lived a more comfortable urban life for 92 years. Hearty souls.

  • @jonathanhucke
    @jonathanhucke Рік тому +6

    About to start a small personal farm with livestock and didn't even think abount antigenic shift, despite taking classes that focused on virology in my undergrad. I'm glad I saw this video when I did. Definitely going to be keeping different species seperated.

  • @MagdaleneDivine
    @MagdaleneDivine Рік тому +43

    I got that 2009 bug back in 2006ish? I remember they kept warning everyone about it. And no one listened. I didn't even take it seriously when I had it.
    It was the worst thing ever. I was completely delirious. Never in my life... Looking back I'm like why didn't I go to the hospital.

    • @sydneyc5308
      @sydneyc5308 Рік тому +2

      I got it too and I remember going to the ER and the doc saying there was nothing they could do and sent me home. My grandma remembered her mom talking about the 1918 version and was freaked out.

    • @applegal3058
      @applegal3058 Рік тому +8

      I had a severe case of covid in September past. I was so miserable I literally couldn't do anything except pee, jack my body with meds so I could sleep, and go back to bed. I lost weight because I had absolutely no appetite, so that probably also weakened me. I was experiencing a racing heart and constant cycling fevers, pain, constant coughing and sinus issues. It was rough. Personally, I stayed away from hospitals because I have zero faith in getting the help I needed from past experiences in my childhood (I have PTSD caused in part to this), and was too weak and sick to drive myself, and too miserable to sit in the ER wait for 8 to 12 hours.

    • @finky555
      @finky555 Рік тому +1

      Maybe because subconsciously you knew you were going to survive.

    • @applegal3058
      @applegal3058 Рік тому +7

      @@finky555 maybe, but I doubt someone knows if they're going to die until they stop breathing or going unconscious...

    • @ZT1ST
      @ZT1ST Рік тому +4

      @@finky555 It's more likely that it was the looming medical bill that accompanies a U.S. hospital visit.

  • @Ayudado
    @Ayudado Рік тому +5

    Thank you for keeping your standards and the objectivity that defines your content as high as always, so much so that you even clarified how its misnomer was formed. 👍

  • @mellow-jello
    @mellow-jello Рік тому +6

    A sample in the 90s of the Spanish flu was found in the Canadian Arctic, when analyzing corpses left by an Arctic expedition. Later shipped to the CDIC, and made it in a National Geographic show.

  • @JayTie1
    @JayTie1 Рік тому +6

    3:02 the schematic antibodies should attach the other way around! The whole point of the Y shape is that it can attach to two moieties to crosslink and immobilize them! The lower part of the Y is bindable for example by immune cells to gobble them up.

  • @grrrgrl101
    @grrrgrl101 Рік тому +1

    The comments have been so interesting! I’ve enjoyed hearing other people’s accounts as it has broadened my understanding

  • @cyberherbalist
    @cyberherbalist Рік тому +15

    One of my great grandfathers and his son (my great uncle) died in this 1918 pandemic.

    • @clogs4956
      @clogs4956 Рік тому +4

      I lost my paternal grandfather to the 1918 influenza (if I can put it that way). I was born in 1961 and my Grandma, who helped raise me, showed me the family bible and told me what happened. There must be an awful lot of families with stories like ours.

    • @sophierobinson2738
      @sophierobinson2738 Рік тому +4

      There’s a cemetery near me with 5 members of one family buried within days of each other.

    • @amypetersen1668
      @amypetersen1668 Рік тому +4

      My great grandmother died in 1919 during the second wave. She had two little children, one being my grandmother. They had only arrived 4 years earlier and my grandmother was the first in our family to be born in the US- her brother was born in Russia before they came here. Sadly my grandmother was only 3 when her mom died and the children went into foster care as their dad had to work and at that time children were taken away if the mom died. My grandmother was always healthy and lived to be 96 (although Alzheimer’s robbed us of her mind long before). I wonder if she ever got the flu again after most likely getting antibodies from her mom’s infection

  • @zxzerostelar
    @zxzerostelar Рік тому +9

    Can't wait for the sequel in 100 years

  • @mayaryom2641
    @mayaryom2641 Рік тому +2

    My great grandmother (Denmark) wrote a little pamphlet about her life. Seeing the first Ellehammer airplane and how she celebrated her 8th birthday in hospital with a drain in her lung due to the Spanish flu, which I remembered when they først started talking about covid19, making me prepare for lockdown etc. early on.
    I was, BTW hit quite hard in 2009...And twice from covid19.

  • @drg9812
    @drg9812 Рік тому +8

    "Original Antigenic Sin"
    ...
    Would that be a good band name?

  • @sophierobinson2738
    @sophierobinson2738 Рік тому +12

    Everyone in my family but me caught the 1968 flu. My aunt was an RN, the doctor she worked for was our family doctor. I got to make sure everyone took whatever it was he gave us, on time.

    • @Bryan-Hensley
      @Bryan-Hensley Рік тому +3

      That was also the time the measles made another round. I got deathly sick in 1968 at 3 years old. My temperature went to 108 for a little bit. I lost about half of my hearing because of the high temperature.. I've never been bad sick since.. never had the flu. I'm 57 now

    • @lordgarion514
      @lordgarion514 Рік тому +1

      You probably had it as well, unless you got tested of course.
      Some strains of the flu have up to a 60% asymptomatic rate.

  • @DalgetyBayHypnotherapy
    @DalgetyBayHypnotherapy Рік тому +4

    One of the best Scishow videos I've seen. We'll done!

  • @podtherod9304
    @podtherod9304 Рік тому +4

    I got sick during 2009 H1N1. I was around 7 or 8. I thought I was going to die. I was bedridden for days and I remember having the most insane fever dreams. One of them involved vampire SpongeBob and Patrick hunting me down all around my hometown

  • @zacrintoul
    @zacrintoul Рік тому +1

    This is a great explanation of a surprisingly complex topic. Well done 👍

  • @ninalehman9054
    @ninalehman9054 Рік тому +9

    I remember the 1968 flu, it helped make 1968 one of the worst years in American history. Also, the news referred to it as the “Hong Kong Flu."

  • @seitanbeatsyourmeat666
    @seitanbeatsyourmeat666 Рік тому +3

    I’ve had 3 very terrible flus: when I was about 8 (high fever with delirium), one when I was 18 (awful and lasted a solid week) and one when I was in my mid-20s (also high fever, all the aches, etc. it took a month to recover). I never got h1n1 and I was totally exposed to recruits during boot camp at that time, and haven’t caught covid (I’ve had the 4 vaccinations though)

  • @psdeas7530
    @psdeas7530 Рік тому +2

    A 3rd grade classmate of mine was out sick in 1968, but never returned, as she died at age 8 from the flu he is describing. Her death has had a profound effect on my life.

    • @Graanvlok
      @Graanvlok Рік тому +1

      Sorry for the loss of your friend. x

  • @lours6993
    @lours6993 Рік тому +2

    My dad who was an Australian naval officer came back from Hong Kong to Sydney in 1968 and that weekend both my parents go so sick with the flu the were not able to get out of bed for several days. My sister and I were only 4 and 5 at the time.

  • @Tayl0r_
    @Tayl0r_ Рік тому +10

    Got the flu really bad in September or early October, but had a doctors appt coincidentally at that time, so they gave me the flu shot. I still got a sinus infection due to immune system issues.
    Now Im sitting here, sick with the flu but much milder, but with a cough/cold(?) symptoms as well.
    Here’s hoping I don’t get walking pneumonia like I used to get every year as a kid and teen, multiple times. Get your flu shots people!!!

  • @terramater
    @terramater Рік тому +21

    It's always interesting to see how viruses keep genetically changing. Our crew recently filmed another pandemic we are currently facing: the Panama disease (one more disease named after a place). The fungus affects only bananas, but this could be the end of the banana we know in the Northern Hemisphere. But we talked to some scientists, and they have a solution. We're curious to see what will happen with the banana pandemic.

    • @saraallen5447
      @saraallen5447 Рік тому

      Panama disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, not a virus

    • @areguapiri
      @areguapiri Рік тому

      You will believe anything.

    • @Praisethesunson
      @Praisethesunson Рік тому

      Lol the "solution" is the same thing they did last time. Find a banana that doesn't die to that disease. Then just mass produce that banana. Problem "solved"

  • @horridohobbies
    @horridohobbies Рік тому +1

    Very educational! Thank you.

  • @joylox
    @joylox Рік тому +2

    I was diagnosed with swine flu in 2009. I was at a huge event for youth groups across the world, and those under 15 at the time like myself really got hit hard. It's the worst I remember being sick since being a toddler, and the only consolation I had was that one of my friends who got sick at the same time was able to come over during the quarantine, so we watched a lot of movies and ate a lot of applesauce...

  • @melissajohnson2935
    @melissajohnson2935 Рік тому +7

    I got sick back in 2019 with flu and tested positive for type A and B. Further testing showed the type A was H1N1. Let me tell ya, I thought I was going to die! Touching my hair caused severe pain. A unbreakable fever that caused me to hallucinate.

  • @Volgotha
    @Volgotha Рік тому +12

    So this thing literally does the equivalent of putting on glasses and our white bloodcells go "Oh hi Clark Kent, have you seen Superman go by this way?" smh

    • @LimeyLassen
      @LimeyLassen Рік тому

      Well, cells don't have eyes or ears. 🙈🙉
      Those proteins are the only way they can what's going on.

    • @vangu2918
      @vangu2918 Рік тому +3

      It may keep peekabooing us forever.

  • @BrettWordon
    @BrettWordon Рік тому

    That was really informative! Thank you

  • @purplealice
    @purplealice Рік тому +10

    And the avian flu reduces the number of domesticated birds (chickens, turkeys, etc) and useful wild birds (ducks, geese, coots)

  • @purplevamp3132
    @purplevamp3132 Рік тому +31

    In 1918 my paternal grandmother died from the Spanish Flu. My father was only 9 years old. (I'm from his second marriage) He must've survived it.
    Everyone of European decent is a survivor of the Bubonic Plague.
    I never caught COVID. I feel lucky to be alive.

    • @kimarna
      @kimarna Рік тому +1

      Fun fact: some British people are immune to HIV cos it shares a receptor with Plague which they're also immune too

    • @purplevamp3132
      @purplevamp3132 Рік тому +1

      @@kimarna My father was half English and half Irish. Could be...

    • @huldu
      @huldu Рік тому +2

      You have *never* had covid? That's a big one. You really have to live in a secluded area or by yourself barely ever going outside. I've had covid 5 times so far luckily I barely even notice it. Work is hell but what can you do bills need to be paid at the end of the day.

    • @purplevamp3132
      @purplevamp3132 Рік тому +1

      @@huldu I've never had COVID and I take public transportation in New York. I wash my hands more often now. I wear a mask if the bus gets crowded. (I recently got vampire teeth and I like showing them off)

    • @cherylreid2964
      @cherylreid2964 Рік тому +3

      @@huldu I haven't had Covid and many I know haven't.
      AotearoaNZL here 🌏

  • @turkeytrac1
    @turkeytrac1 Рік тому +10

    Now, I hate to ask, can you dumb this down so I can show it to certain persons? Anyway, great video, thx!!

  • @razgrizadler
    @razgrizadler Рік тому

    fascinating! thanks for vid!

  • @Articulate99
    @Articulate99 Рік тому

    Always interesting, thanks.

  • @luannnelson2825
    @luannnelson2825 Рік тому +4

    Two books I’d recommend: Flu by Gina Kolata; The Great Influenza by John Barry. I’m sure there are others that are good but these are both highly informative and well-written.

  • @cheyenneismyname4279
    @cheyenneismyname4279 Рік тому +90

    The flu and covid will never go away. We may get better at combating them, but since they are viruses, they are always changing.

    • @Walt2323
      @Walt2323 Рік тому +1

      Dont get vaxxed!!!!

    • @Ulfhedhner
      @Ulfhedhner Рік тому

      ...but seen as Viruses have been around longer than Humans, and we're still here, I'd say we're okay.
      Ultimately, a virus dies off too, if it runs out of people to infect.

    • @didac3918
      @didac3918 Рік тому +1

      Are you a virologist now?

    • @daqq
      @daqq Рік тому

      I think the mRNA-based vaccines will prove to be much more effective than previous vaccines.

    • @clogs4956
      @clogs4956 Рік тому +1

      @@hugoanderkivi or the opposite, where all new strains and mutations prove deadly to the virus. Fate is really rolling those loaded dice.

  • @kristindurrant6728
    @kristindurrant6728 Рік тому

    Love this kind of content ❤️

  • @skylineuk1485
    @skylineuk1485 Рік тому

    Great video very well explained and presented.

  • @sparky082
    @sparky082 Рік тому +6

    I got the pandemic and 2009 and have been paying for it ever since because I've had long-term. I call it swine flu (h1n1) but it really is just long-term Spanish flu and I got it again about a week after and then relapsed. It was awful and I've never really recovered from it

  • @vallana
    @vallana Рік тому +4

    Avian flu not only ups the cost for poultry and eggs, the flu vaccine uses eggs to grow the viruses needed to make them, so shortages of eggs can lead to a shortage of vaccine

    • @AlexDiscovers
      @AlexDiscovers Рік тому

      While they still use eggs to grow certain flu vaccines, there are several versions that are not that have been widely available for several years. So while it may slow production of some versions, it is unlikely to lead to widespread shortages, as production of non-egg versions are widely produced to make sure people with egg allergies can get the flu shot just as readily as the general population.

  • @Lou.B
    @Lou.B Рік тому

    EXCELLENT film! Thank You!

  • @keithireland6627
    @keithireland6627 Рік тому

    Fab summary thankyou.

  • @sujimtangerines
    @sujimtangerines Рік тому +24

    The current Bird Flu outbreak (making eggs so expensive) has gone on a lot longer than experts predicted. After the last one in 2015, that lasted HALF the time so far, scientists & farmers worked to see what could be done to fight a future pandemic & mitigate losses. They had a game plan, so to speak.
    Despite culling millions of birds, this strain has been found in twice the number of states as detected in 2015, largely because it's being driven by wild birds, who don't show signs or symptoms as readily as domesticated poultry. Those extra precautions taken to stem the contagion aren't as effective in this case as it's not farm to farm transmission.
    The CDC & other govt agencies need to do PSAs on wild birds, because I have a feeling it's going to get worse before it gets better... and I don't want it to jump to humans.

    • @bonniegierach5027
      @bonniegierach5027 Рік тому

      Don’t let FEAR rule your life, or you’ll live in the basement like monkeyman.

    • @someguy2135
      @someguy2135 Рік тому +2

      Vegans aren't bothered by the price of eggs or chickens. Why else should you boycott animal products? 1-Your own health (vegans are less likely to get the most common chronic, deadly diseases)
      2-Helping to end animal agriculture would reduce the chance of another pandemic & other zoonotic diseases
      3-Helping to end animal ag would reduce the chance of the development of an antibiotic resistant pathogen.
      4-Animal ag wastes a huge amount of fresh water. Each vegan saves 219,000 gallons of water every year!
      5-Animal ag is a major cause of water pollution
      6-Animal ag is a major cause of deforestation
      7-Animal ag increases PTSD and spousal abuse in the people who work in slaughterhouses. Workers in meat packing facilities often endure terrible, dangerous working conditions.
      8-Animal ag is a major cause of the loss of habitat and biodiversity
      9-Needless killing of innocent, sentient beings cannot be ethically justified.
      10- It is the single most effective way for each of us to fight climate change and environmental degradation.
      11- Longer lifespan.
      12- Healthier weight (vegans were the only dietary group in the Adventist Studies that had an average BMI in the recommended range.)
      13- A healthy plant based diet significantly reduces the chances of ED later in life, and even 1 meal can improve bedroom performance
      14- Vegetarians and vegans have lower rates of dementia later in life
      15- A plant based diet could save money! You could reduce your food budget by one third!
      16-A fully plant based diet improves the immune system according to a study published in the journal BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health
      17-A fully plant based food system would greatly reduce food borne illnesses like salmonella
      18-A fully plant based food system would be able to feed millions more people. Our population is growing!
      19-A fully plant based food system would save 13,000 lives a year from the air pollution caused by animal agriculture, according to a study
      20- A vegan world would save 8 million human lives a year, and $1 trillion in health care and related costs (Oxford Study)
      Links for some of these are at my channel under "About."
      If you doubt any of them, I would be glad to cite evidence from credible sources to back them up. UA-cam only allows a certain number of links at my channel.
      Can you refute any of these compelling reasons to boycott animal products?
      After I made my list, I found this video with his own list which overlaps mine. He cites evidence from credible sources in the description.
      ua-cam.com/video/uc6Mjms1rhM/v-deo.html

    • @glacialimpala
      @glacialimpala Рік тому

      Disease is fascinating, I still don't remember reading about how CWD got to northern Europe after only American deer population had it

    • @mystic_tacos
      @mystic_tacos Рік тому +6

      @@someguy2135 So, where are the farm animals to go if we all go vegan? They just can't be released.

    • @someguy2135
      @someguy2135 Рік тому +1

      @@mystic_tacos The world is not going to go vegan overnight. As more people become reducitarian (aka flexitarian,) vegetarian, or vegan, the demand will drop, which will result in fewer farm animals being bred into existence to meet the demand, according to the economics law of supply and demand. Eventually, the last of the farm animals can go to a sanctuary, like the farm animal sanctuary owned by Jon (Daily Show) Stewart.

  • @motherofnerdlings
    @motherofnerdlings Рік тому +3

    Ugh I'll never forget 2009.
    I was 20 years old when I got swine flu. I literally felt like I was dying every minute of every day for 28 days straight before I even STARTED feeling better, and it was another 4 weeks or so of recovery.

    • @ineedhoez
      @ineedhoez Рік тому

      Crazy. I remember it but not really.

    • @andretorres8452
      @andretorres8452 Рік тому

      You have some immunity to the 1918 variant of H1N1

  • @XwitterEye
    @XwitterEye Рік тому +1

    at 3:05 the antibodies need to be rotated. The epitope detecting region (FAb) is at the tips of the Y shape. The base of the Y is the FC region

  • @peterh5165
    @peterh5165 Рік тому

    Excellent video!

  • @javierpatag3609
    @javierpatag3609 Рік тому +8

    My dad got AH1N1 several years ago when it was in the news. It’s a good reminder that indeed diseases never really go away. We just end up living with them. That’s something to accept with the current pandemic.

    • @CL-go2ji
      @CL-go2ji Рік тому

      I see it that way.

  • @maliciousfry
    @maliciousfry Рік тому +14

    So H5N1 is why eggs are so expensive recently? (up about 60% as of 1/4/23 as compared to 12/26/22)

    • @TheRockInnRobin
      @TheRockInnRobin Рік тому +3

      Yes. Jumbo eggs at my parents house is $7.55 a dozen in far west Texas

    • @That.Lady.withtheYarn
      @That.Lady.withtheYarn Рік тому +3

      That and crop failures causing feed prices to go up.
      But the bird flu is the biggest factor

    • @ussstropicana
      @ussstropicana Рік тому

      No it's because of the Ho2Na (water non-available) variant.
      We'll eventualy be missing letters after the Z99999Z99999 variant.

    • @maliciousfry
      @maliciousfry Рік тому +1

      @@That.Lady.withtheYarn feed price increases are surprising as the cost of Milk has went down ~15% in the same time frame.

    • @That.Lady.withtheYarn
      @That.Lady.withtheYarn Рік тому +3

      @@maliciousfry depends on the farm to or buying for home chickens. But the virus is clearly the bigger factor.
      Milk its still pretty high, but I'm sure that more greed than anything

  • @renatooliveira0266
    @renatooliveira0266 Рік тому

    Grate video! Congratulations.

  • @alanleech37
    @alanleech37 Рік тому

    Brilliant teaching. Thanks

  • @jackflash9735
    @jackflash9735 Рік тому +10

    The Avian Flu is why we're paying $5 for a dozen eggs and why Turkey was so expensive this past year!

    • @nicholaslewis8594
      @nicholaslewis8594 Рік тому +3

      At least for the Turkey pretty sure the feed got more expensive too.

    • @neilkurzman4907
      @neilkurzman4907 Рік тому

      @@nicholaslewis8594
      The feed was just one aspect. Entire flocks were lost, and interestingly in chickens it affects egg, laying chickens more than it affects roasting chickens, a.k.a. broilers.

    • @amosbackstrom5366
      @amosbackstrom5366 Рік тому

      That's why I had steak for Thanksgiving and I just eat bacon and more bacon for breakfast 😋

    • @someguy2135
      @someguy2135 Рік тому

      Vegans aren't bothered by the price of eggs or poultry. Why else should you boycott animal products? 1-Your own health (vegans are less likely to get the most common chronic, deadly diseases)
      2-Helping to end animal agriculture would reduce the chance of another pandemic & other zoonotic diseases
      3-Helping to end animal ag would reduce the chance of the development of an antibiotic resistant pathogen.
      4-Animal ag wastes a huge amount of fresh water. Each vegan saves 219,000 gallons of water every year!
      5-Animal ag is a major cause of water pollution
      6-Animal ag is a major cause of deforestation
      7-Animal ag increases PTSD and spousal abuse in the people who work in slaughterhouses. Workers in meat packing facilities often endure terrible, dangerous working conditions.
      8-Animal ag is a major cause of the loss of habitat and biodiversity
      9-Needless killing of innocent, sentient beings cannot be ethically justified.
      10- It is the single most effective way for each of us to fight climate change and environmental degradation.
      11- Longer lifespan.
      12- Healthier weight (vegans were the only dietary group in the Adventist Studies that had an average BMI in the recommended range.)
      13- A healthy plant based diet significantly reduces the chances of ED later in life, and even 1 meal can improve bedroom performance
      14- Vegetarians and vegans have lower rates of dementia later in life
      15- A plant based diet could save money! You could reduce your food budget by one third!
      16-A fully plant based diet improves the immune system according to a study published in the journal BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health
      17-A fully plant based food system would greatly reduce food borne illnesses like salmonella
      18-A fully plant based food system would be able to feed millions more people. Our population is growing!
      19-A fully plant based food system would save 13,000 lives a year from the air pollution caused by animal agriculture, according to a study
      20- A vegan world would save 8 million human lives a year, and $1 trillion in health care and related costs (Oxford Study)
      Links for some of these are at my channel under "About."
      If you doubt any of them, I would be glad to cite evidence from credible sources to back them up. UA-cam only allows a certain number of links at my channel.
      Can you refute any of these compelling reasons to boycott animal products?
      After I made my list, I found this video with his own list which overlaps mine. He cites evidence from credible sources in the description.
      ua-cam.com/video/uc6Mjms1rhM/v-deo.html

    • @juliantheapostate8295
      @juliantheapostate8295 Рік тому

      @@someguy2135 'Vegans aren't bothered by the price of eggs or poultry'
      Actually they are. The more people who eat vegetarian food, the higher the demand and the price.
      Yes, this will trigger an increase in production, but not all farm land can support arable production

  • @Beryllahawk
    @Beryllahawk Рік тому +6

    Where I live, there are a LOT of chicken farms...and the local farms just suffered a massive problem with the H5N1 virus. Poultry products almost doubled in price between August and November. This is anecdotal but, I was told they were forced to kill a lot of their animals in order to stop the spread of the virus. It's likely that a bunch of them just plain died from the flu too but either way it was a bad time for the chicken farmers.
    Fortunately (I think) chickens reproduce really really quick. Prices are coming back down as the farms recover, but it was a direct example of how badly a flu can mess our lives up even when it's not infecting US. And a sobering reminder of how much we rely on keeping our livestock healthy and safe.

    • @kohakuaiko
      @kohakuaiko Рік тому +2

      Lucky for you, but they're still rising where I live 😭

    • @someguy2135
      @someguy2135 Рік тому

      Vegans aren't bothered by the price of eggs or chickens. Why else should you boycott animal products? 1-Your own health (vegans are less likely to get the most common chronic, deadly diseases)
      2-Helping to end animal agriculture would reduce the chance of another pandemic & other zoonotic diseases
      3-Helping to end animal ag would reduce the chance of the development of an antibiotic resistant pathogen.
      4-Animal ag wastes a huge amount of fresh water. Each vegan saves 219,000 gallons of water every year!
      5-Animal ag is a major cause of water pollution
      6-Animal ag is a major cause of deforestation
      7-Animal ag increases PTSD and spousal abuse in the people who work in slaughterhouses. Workers in meat packing facilities often endure terrible, dangerous working conditions.
      8-Animal ag is a major cause of the loss of habitat and biodiversity
      9-Needless killing of innocent, sentient beings cannot be ethically justified.
      10- It is the single most effective way for each of us to fight climate change and environmental degradation.
      11- Longer lifespan.
      12- Healthier weight (vegans were the only dietary group in the Adventist Studies that had an average BMI in the recommended range.)
      13- A healthy plant based diet significantly reduces the chances of ED later in life, and even 1 meal can improve bedroom performance
      14- Vegetarians and vegans have lower rates of dementia later in life
      15- A plant based diet could save money! You could reduce your food budget by one third!
      16-A fully plant based diet improves the immune system according to a study published in the journal BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health
      17-A fully plant based food system would greatly reduce food borne illnesses like salmonella
      18-A fully plant based food system would be able to feed millions more people. Our population is growing!
      19-A fully plant based food system would save 13,000 lives a year from the air pollution caused by animal agriculture, according to a study
      20- A vegan world would save 8 million human lives a year, and $1 trillion in health care and related costs (Oxford Study)
      Links for some of these are at my channel under "About."
      If you doubt any of them, I would be glad to cite evidence from credible sources to back them up. UA-cam only allows a certain number of links at my channel.
      Can you refute any of these compelling reasons to boycott animal products?
      After I made my list, I found this video with his own list which overlaps mine. He cites evidence from credible sources in the description.
      ua-cam.com/video/uc6Mjms1rhM/v-deo.html

  • @syenite
    @syenite Рік тому +3

    I was 21 during the 2009 pandemic. I lived in a large house with 10 other students at the time. We all got it, and it was so, so bad for all of us. I was sure that I was gonna die. 2 of my roommates ended up in the hospital.
    I've encountered so many older adults who say it wasn't that bad, but all I can think of is 4 bathrooms for 11 people with the flu and how he'll-ish that was.
    I was completely health and hale prior to that. Within 2 years of being infected, I was diagnosed with multiple auto-immune disease and developed dysautonomia, which is what people with long-covid are now being told they have. Any virus can have "long-xyz." all the research coming out about covid and long covid have me even more sure than I was before that h1n1 wrecked havoc and devestation on my immune system and caused the health issues I have today.
    Get your flu shots!

  • @psilverz4848
    @psilverz4848 Рік тому +1

    I would love to see this video updated to include discussion of the current pandemic of COVID-19

  • @uzaiyaro
    @uzaiyaro Рік тому +5

    Whoever named it original antigenic sin clearly had a sense of humour.

  • @alienonion4636
    @alienonion4636 Рік тому +4

    In 1968 I was soooooo sick from the flu. It hit me hard and fast. I was taken home from school and in my own bed in less than an hour. That was on a Friday. By noon the next Monday the school closed for at least a week since there weren't enough healthy students to attend. I remember the worried look on the school nurses face. Oddly now I feel lucky to have had that flu. And I think in terms of my ancestors having survived a great deal or I wouldn't even be here. We are made of sturdier stuff than we realize.

  • @julianaylor4351
    @julianaylor4351 Рік тому +2

    In the UK, we currently have a bird flu epidemic amongst our laying hens, so there is a chicken egg shortage in the shops.

  • @Covid-2030
    @Covid-2030 Рік тому +1

    The only thing im thinking now is the dog at right not getting petted and how i feel sorry for him 4:40

  • @michaelmayhem350
    @michaelmayhem350 Рік тому +25

    Covid-19 isn't ending either its just going to be endemic

    • @nicholaslewis8594
      @nicholaslewis8594 Рік тому +3

      And wouldn’t he surprised if there were periodic flare ups of even worse activity mixed in too.

  • @PSwayBeats
    @PSwayBeats Рік тому +8

    I had gotten the swine flu it was the worst I've ever felt in my life 103 fever body hurt so bad and I was in the doctor's office spreading it to everyone LOL my doctor told me to come in so I did

    • @ActuallyAShrimp
      @ActuallyAShrimp Рік тому +3

      Hopefully the people there that day ended up alright, along with you of course!!

  • @fiberpoet6250
    @fiberpoet6250 Рік тому +2

    I remember in 2009 H1N1 there was a vaccine shortage and ppl were really getting sick. I normally never bothered with flu shots.
    I had a bad flu in middle school in the late 1980’s and never got sick from a flu after that. But I was definitely concerned about the 2009 one, and luckily cuz I have epilepsy, I qualified to get a H1N1 flu shot and I got it and I’m glad I did.

  • @janwallace5005
    @janwallace5005 Рік тому +2

    Thanks that was really interesting, I got influenza in 1968 aged 7 and was quite ill with it. I don't remember much about it just the extreme thirst and bad co ordination. Touch wood I've not had flu since apart from a couple of dodgy viruses in my 20's, I'm in my 60's now and being urged to get a flu vaccine personally I can't see the need for it. Also have managed this last pandemic without contracting Covid unless I was symptom less.

    • @varyolla435
      @varyolla435 Рік тому

      Catch Influenza = and you will see the need as you say - though by then it will be too late......
      Moral of the story: as you age your body works less efficiently - and this includes your immune system. As such your risk from vaccine-preventable infectious diseases is today vastly greater than when you were in your 20's. As an aside. The more people who like yourself refuse to avail yourself to vaccination = the greater the chances of eventual exposure and infection. You are living a life of assumptions in a world based upon reality. 🤔