Color Spaces: Explained from the Ground Up - Video Tech Explained

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  • Опубліковано 22 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 175

  • @dvoraklovelace2801
    @dvoraklovelace2801 9 місяців тому +34

    Broooo you resume hundreds of hours of "masterclasses" in a single video. Thanks a lot!

  • @raulgalets
    @raulgalets Рік тому +23

    this is the single video on the internet getting "what is color" almost perfectly correct. congratulations.

  • @NicolasLunaFilms
    @NicolasLunaFilms Місяць тому +1

    Well done. I've been a professional colorist for years... Now I teach color at a university in the film department... I was racking my brain for a good way to explain color spaces without overwhelming my students. This has helped exponentially.

  • @gagan.dee.p
    @gagan.dee.p Рік тому +30

    All the concepts that you explain in your videos; I have never understood them with such clarity before.
    Your narration and explanation technique is elegant. I was able to follow you.
    Your content is devoid of unnecessary flashy video effects, shouting, and overacting. So no distractions or bs.
    Please don't change your style. Massive respect. You are awesome!

  • @PriyaSingh-fj1mf
    @PriyaSingh-fj1mf 18 днів тому +1

    Excellent explanation and succinct. Agree with the comments around saving HOURS of research/learning into a condensed video. Thanks so much for putting this together!

  • @coolguy137
    @coolguy137 2 роки тому +52

    You are singlehandedly rendering it possible to understand comprehensibly subject matters that are core to an entire industry I intend to build a career in.
    THANK YOU ❤️

    • @RobertFletcherOBE
      @RobertFletcherOBE Рік тому +4

      you'll soon find that virtually everyone misunderstands this subject and try to avoid it

  • @MitoDesign-o9u
    @MitoDesign-o9u 2 місяці тому +5

    Just found this channel. Gonna binge tf out of it lol

  • @philippfrogel9355
    @philippfrogel9355 Рік тому +3

    I am not even halfway through. This video is incredible!

  • @Dhmey-Vip
    @Dhmey-Vip Місяць тому

    In fact, I was inside the editing application and found many options for color spaces and I changed the space and it said that it does not support that, so I wondered and searched and found your clip. I really thank you. I understood everything.

  • @naratt
    @naratt Рік тому +1

    Your content is such a hidden gem in UA-cam ocean.

  • @king_of_baboons2032
    @king_of_baboons2032 Рік тому

    I don't work in this industry but I've spent years trying to figure out this topic. I did a lot of research and this video is the best among all of them. Fantastic job explaining everything with enough depth and reasoning!

  • @numkim
    @numkim 2 місяці тому

    Thank you! I wasted a hour of my life trying to decypher the Wikipedia page and still don't understand it. This video explains everything immediately!

  • @franks.6547
    @franks.6547 3 місяці тому +1

    Very understandable and useful. Good job!
    To further understand, why there are always two opposing frequencies that produce the same colour impression, one could add to 6:37: With the assymmetric overlapping of the susceptibility curves and the approx. proportional response of each cone to the combined weighted intensity of all frequencies, Grassmann's Laws hold as follows: Any vector of three visible spectral frequencies (f1, f2, f3) maps linearly to (S, M, L) spanning a convex subset of a 3d vector space.
    Linear algebra then shows, that due to linear independence in 3d, even after projecting out intensity (luminence) to a 2d subspace, you can counteract any shift of one spectral frequency with a shift of the other frequency to get the same S:M:L impression. Then you tweak the horseshoe shape to make the lengths all the line segments, that meet in the same color impression, to reflect their mixing ratios. And this, too, is possible because of linearity and smoothness of the cone response.

  • @helloitsmehb
    @helloitsmehb Рік тому +1

    I hereby declare you, King of Color Nerdism! Congrats and well done! Love your channel

  • @ayacyte443
    @ayacyte443 Рік тому

    I've been searching far and wide for an explanation- it finally makes more sense now. I don't think I've found such a simple yet comprehensive video.

  • @utkarshkothimbire1484
    @utkarshkothimbire1484 8 місяців тому

    Thanks a lot, Camon for explaining all the concepts in a crisp manner. Very much appreciated. You have explained these complex concepts in very simple maner with the diagrams.

  • @earthoid
    @earthoid Рік тому

    I finally understand where the CIE 1931 color space got its shape from. Thanks!

  • @valgustale
    @valgustale 11 місяців тому

    absolutely loved it's one of the most helpful video i've watched in 2023 thanks for creating this mate

  • @coderdbd
    @coderdbd 4 місяці тому +1

    Amazing video, it deserves more views. I actually didn't know what color spaces were and now it is super clear. Thanks for the explanation!

  • @xtdycxtfuv9353
    @xtdycxtfuv9353 Рік тому

    Thank you. I will be returning to this video for many reviews until I firmly understand and always remember.

  • @ocean457
    @ocean457 9 місяців тому +1

    This kid is a riot! Bravo!

  • @TeddyCavachon
    @TeddyCavachon Рік тому +5

    The human retina has two types of light sensing cells, rod and cones. The rods are only sensitive to a narrow range of wavelengths in the green region but significantly are nearly 3000x more sensitive to light intensity than the cones which sense red, green and blue, respectively. The rods cover the entire retina, but the cones are mostly concentrated around the optic nerve. The greater sensitivity of the rods and their location explain why at light we can see movement at the periphery of our vision better than in the center and why when our eyes fixate on objects we get “tunnel vision” which is the brain’s way of mentally tuning out the much stronger signal from the rods.
    The rod / cone physiology explains why the CIE*xyz graph used to represent color space is much larger in the green region and why staring at bright green colors becomes fatiguing. Red lighting is used at night on control panels because the rods don’t detect it making it easier for them to detect any objects in other areas viewed.

    • @EdiWalger
      @EdiWalger Рік тому +2

      rods are sensitive of a broad range of wavelengths. The peak is near to cyan, and excludes reds, but the range is broad. Sensitivity or rods are not derived from a single cell, since a lot of rods are combined in a single ganglion. That means a collection of small sensitivities added together, since the small size of every rod and the huge population of them. Cones are concentrated in the fovea (not around the eccentricity of the optic nerve) and rods do not cover the fovea at all. Because of that you cannot see a star at night with the center of your vision. Movement definition of rods are related with the speed of the visual cycle of them, not from sensibility.

    • @TeddyCavachon
      @TeddyCavachon Рік тому

      @@EdiWalger Thanks for the multi-spectral enlightenment 👍❤️

  • @devendrapisda3528
    @devendrapisda3528 Рік тому

    this 16 min video took me one and half hour to complete. Never been into this so it took me time to really understand what you are teaching. My mind is blown brother. This is what I needed since don't know how many days.

  • @sushilskolia
    @sushilskolia Рік тому +4

    You deserve millions of views dude….. stay consistent 👍🏻

  • @Nugcon
    @Nugcon Рік тому +9

    This clears up so much. Such a great video from such a small channel

    • @Rey-j6r
      @Rey-j6r Рік тому

      Goes to say people don't like it when it gets technical, but they miss out on good content.

  • @brightbytes5745
    @brightbytes5745 2 роки тому +8

    I've been working on some videos in this area too, and man, you really nailed it! Nice job! Far and away the best content on YT on this topic

  • @devlin1991
    @devlin1991 8 місяців тому

    Great video, I'm on the hunt for good, concise, videos on this topic to share with some work colleagues. This knowledge is not taught in most software courses so is a bit of a black box abyss for most software engineers. I keep running into "two wrongs make a right" scenarios that appear out of nowhere when one colospace bug is fixed.
    Thank you for making this content. If there's not another video from you that I've not seen yet, I hope you cover gamma transfer functions as well, PQ, slog, sRGB, etc. Because that's arguably even more confusing than the colorspaces, especially when sRGB color primaries (Rec.709) and sRGB gamma transform are often used interchangeably online.

  • @lorenzowood449
    @lorenzowood449 2 роки тому +1

    Holy shit I appreciate you so much for this. Incredible video, this is what I wish all of UA-cam would be more like

  • @eric-seastrand
    @eric-seastrand 2 роки тому +4

    I learned a ton binging your whole channel a few months back. So excited to see another explainer from you. Great content!

  • @AMRARDvermebrungruppe
    @AMRARDvermebrungruppe 11 днів тому

    One of the crazy things I learned today is that the medium-wave cone's sensitivity peak is 520 nm. The color of 520 nanometer light is perceived 'in my culture' (which culture is one with one word, blue, for what are distinguished as gorm and glas in Celtic cultures) as within the category of BLUE rather than as GREEN. This was so confusing to me for a long time, but you can see where our cultural expectations start to mask reality because whenever we make an illustration of the three cone cells, when we call them "red, green, and blue" we automatically imagine/illustrate that "green" as like the color of grass or foliage. But in reality that "primary green' color is actually somewhat to the red-end of the medium cone response range. The "green" cone actually responds primarily to the color of shallow seas or waves breaking.
    It all makes more sense when you see the CIE 1931 space because almost half of the entire diagram is basically perceived as shades of aqua or teal, with four of the 'rainbow colors': green, yellow, orange, red, all compressed into a very small range of wavelengths which our eyes are particularly sensitive to discerning.

  • @largemagellaniccloud8153
    @largemagellaniccloud8153 Рік тому +2

    Thank you very much, Camon, for your excellent videos. You are a very cogent thinker and presenter.

  • @PrestonRahim
    @PrestonRahim Рік тому +1

    Great video. Really helps grasp the idea of a very mathematically implemented concept that is derived from a subjective experience. I would only mention that I believe the equation at 7:18 should swap the position of your transformation matrix and your LMS vector in order to make it a valid operation.

  • @renesarlo6211
    @renesarlo6211 5 місяців тому +2

    great work thanks

  • @m14b
    @m14b 8 днів тому

    Awesome video! Thanks for the explanation much more detailed!

  • @mattkarikomi5947
    @mattkarikomi5947 Місяць тому

    This is concise and very clear, nice!

  • @robertulrich3964
    @robertulrich3964 Рік тому +20

    Correction: RGB is a non-perceptual color model, not a colorspace. HSL is a perceptual color model that takes into account human vision. Rec. 709 is a colorspace that defines primaries in locus points to derive relative coordinates to CIE 1935. You can convert to other colorspaces using relative or absolute colormetric intent with prioritizing white balance against saturation. (so even the transform conversion itself can be perceptual). Additionally the camera's RGB sensor array only exists in the world of a standard exposure (usually 18% grey) so it's data is not truly 3D in nature since camera's sensors give non-linear response to light. In essence, every camera has a custom color model. This is why it's hard to match cameras that have varying scene referred color over an exposure range. And adds to the reason why lookup tables do not work as well as anticipated.

    • @EdiWalger
      @EdiWalger Рік тому +2

      HSL is "perceptual"? No, is just a projection model from an RGB model by using a very simple transform. Not a colorspace, just a different color "model". Camera sensor are possible because the photoelectric effect, which is "linear" in transduction by nature, that means all sensors are linear in response, but each can use a different encoding at the time of saving data only. Cameras has a custom "colorspace", not color model.

    • @robertulrich3964
      @robertulrich3964 Рік тому +1

      @@EdiWalger The HSL representation models the way different paints mix together to create colour in the real world, with the lightness dimension resembling the varying amounts of black or white paint in the mixture (e.g. to create "light red", a red pigment can be mixed with white paint; this white paint corresponds to a high "lightness" value in the HSL representation). Different cameras can have the same colorspace but different spectral response in the sensor. The spectral response over overexposure is what causes irregularities in matching cameras and that mapping process is non-linear despite transduction.

    • @EdiWalger
      @EdiWalger Рік тому +3

      @@robertulrich3964 the QE of every sensor can be different by wavelength, and the colorspace is the result of the camera calibration that you need to reproduce real colors. Every wavelength stills with a linear (proportional to radiometric intensity) response, but changes for every wavelength. L (lightness) is an abstraction that must be defined mathematically, and never match with any "perceptual" concept, specially in the HSL projection: you can define a color with hue/sat but no lightness, which is impossible to realize. Because of that HSL is "derivative" from RGB that defines the real color mixing, and not a colorspace made from abstract attributes. Just an indirect manipulation for the RGB model which results in a non-perceptual match: color cannot be fully represented by euclidean dimensions.

    • @Rey-j6r
      @Rey-j6r Рік тому +1

      Thanks for your useful comment.

  • @crew_the3rd
    @crew_the3rd Рік тому

    Glad to see some objective science being applied to color theory.
    Note there is a huge difference between light color theory and pigment color theory.
    To start
    6 Primary
    3 Light >>> Red Green Blue
    3 Pigment >>> Magenta Yellow Cyan
    Pigment Derived
    Red=Magenta×3+Yellow
    Green=Yellow+Cyan
    Blue=Cyan×3+Magenta
    6 Secondary Pigment
    3 Common >>>
    Violet=Cyan+Magenta
    Rose=Magenta+Red
    Orange=Red+Yellow
    >>>
    3 Obscure >>>
    Chartreuse=Yellow+Green
    Aquamarine=Green+Cyan
    Cerulean=Cyan+Blue
    Other
    Purple = Blue+Red
    >>> >>> >>> >>>
    Rant
    ROY G BIV is a mistake and there are several issues.
    01 Cyan is mislabeled as baby blue and Magenta gets left out most of the time
    02 Indigo is not necessary, it's not even a secondary color. It's a dark dark violet that is more on the blue side.
    03 Purple would make more sense than Indego, and fyi purple is not true violet. Purple = Blue + Red, Violet = Cyan + Magenta
    04 Blue and Violet should have been separated correctly but instead indigo gets used
    05 In light, Violet exists in two different ways, it has its own distinguishable frequency and wavelength, but it can also be created by a mixture of blue and red wavelengths (the human eye will except both versions and they are not distinguishable to us). This duality makes it a bit confusing in some situations. Note there is a huge difference between light color theory and pigment color theory.
    06 Purple is a type of violet. Slightly darker with more red. Purple = Blue + Red, Violet = Cyan + Magenta
    07 Indigo is a dark dark violet, closer to the blue side.
    08 Violet is a wider spectrum (than the other colors) because it can be a mixture of blue and red light at different ratios.
    09 Magenta has a similar issue as violet but magenta actually does not exist as a single wavelength/frequency in light. Magenta is the 1 to 1 ratio (1:1) of red and blue Light. Magenta does not exist on the rainbow but we can clearly see it's place in color theory.
    10 Indigo and Purple are not necessary when considering primary and secondary colors (6 primary 6 secondary [derived]), they just fall under violet.
    11 M ROY G CBV M, I distinguish 8 unique colors that we seem ti care about most, the 6 primary plus orange plus violet.
    12 Aquamarine (green-cyan) is on the same level as orange and violet but in our culture we don't value it as unique.
    13 If you only consider the rainbow then you would not get Magenta and the 8 would become 7 which is what you see in the rainbow ROY G CBV.

  • @braunventures
    @braunventures 7 місяців тому +1

    brilliant, thanks for helping me build knowledge on a strong base

  • @DennisForbes
    @DennisForbes 3 місяці тому

    Absolutely fantastic video.

  • @tompainter7167
    @tompainter7167 2 роки тому

    Thanks the CIE and XYZ stuff is HARD for artists but this makes it easier thank you

  • @99SBX
    @99SBX 2 роки тому

    This is my new favorite channel!

  • @colinwood1337
    @colinwood1337 11 місяців тому

    Wow! I’ve been struggling to understand colour spaces and now I do! Great video

  • @Urtana
    @Urtana 9 місяців тому +1

    Best of the best. Thank you .

  • @AbrEvig
    @AbrEvig 2 роки тому +1

    Excellent, simply excellent!!!

  • @guymross
    @guymross Рік тому

    Wow best color theory video to date.

  • @dpi3
    @dpi3 8 місяців тому +1

    excellent!

  • @gregoryflinn3577
    @gregoryflinn3577 Рік тому

    What your previous video does still contribute to this topic is the colormetric transformation needed between color spaces to ensure that what the camera saw is what you see on the monitor. Whether that transformation is absolute or relative is e.g. part of the answer to a question below on why someone still sees ‘all’ the colors of CIE diagram.

  • @EdiWalger
    @EdiWalger Рік тому +1

    11:53 The CIE1931 is not an "absolute colorspace", since Y means a percent of a "luminosity scene" estimated from a luminosity function (CIE1924). A real absolute colorspace uses cd/m2 for luminance, like ICtCp. But 1931 is an "absolute gamut", in terms of chromacity inside of an unknown dynamic range.

  • @sunviewer7
    @sunviewer7 7 місяців тому +1

    Amazing

  • @RobertNuwagaba-n8z
    @RobertNuwagaba-n8z 2 місяці тому

    Thank yiou Camon, this is insightful information

  • @terrytang5367
    @terrytang5367 Рік тому

    This dude is knowledgeable!

  • @dennishancock
    @dennishancock 4 місяці тому +1

    Keep up the good work!

  • @tyt03538
    @tyt03538 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much. This is the best colour space explained video!!!

  • @MaximoJoshua
    @MaximoJoshua Місяць тому

    This video is amazing, just masterful. I hope you make a part 3 going over gamut mapping (moving from a larger color space to a smaller one) and things like the Abney Effect, etc. Do you have a patreon or something? These are some of the best videos on the internet when it comes to talking about color and digital video.

  • @g.t.m.thurlings4882
    @g.t.m.thurlings4882 2 місяці тому

    Chapeaux, very good. Good video well done.

  • @cthaneshh
    @cthaneshh Рік тому

    How do I even thank you for such valuable content!

  • @jleocarmo
    @jleocarmo Рік тому

    Excellent video, really helpful and insightful. Thank you!

  • @austinbly2141
    @austinbly2141 8 місяців тому

    Amazing summary - thank you very much!

  • @nikkilin4396
    @nikkilin4396 3 місяці тому

    Best explanation!

  • @cnb3388
    @cnb3388 7 місяців тому

    Great explanation.

  • @urbanskargren5566
    @urbanskargren5566 Рік тому

    Very clearly explained, thank you

  • @_burd
    @_burd Місяць тому

    It's kinda cool that metametism isn't actually a phenomena of physical light, but a limitation of our 'three cone' based measurement tools :) While it makes sense that we use RGB sensors to account for this, I kinda wonder how useful it would be to use a different architecture to capture the light spectrum so the data can actually differentiate from a spectral 'yellow' yellow and a yellow created by red/green pollution. Things light scene light pollution could be targeted directly in colour finishing without effecting something which is actually supposed to be that colour.

  • @karasu9
    @karasu9 Рік тому

    extremely good video

  • @pearlgardenshop
    @pearlgardenshop 2 роки тому +1

    Thank you

  • @vrmeup
    @vrmeup Рік тому

    Thanks for a great video 😃. It was educational, interesting and has cleared up many of the misunderstandings I had about color in my ThreeJS computer graphics application. You did a great job of explaining a complex topic!

  • @pedromj9689
    @pedromj9689 9 місяців тому

    Congrats and thank you for the explication. Really well done

  • @AnonyMous-rr4gf
    @AnonyMous-rr4gf 10 місяців тому

    Thank you for making this.

  • @torjusaanderaa3749
    @torjusaanderaa3749 8 місяців тому

    Daaaaamn thats an impressive explaination, well done! :D

  • @mustafakamal8608
    @mustafakamal8608 9 місяців тому

    This is great content.❤❤
    My questions are how do you identify color transformation / color space made by LUT ? What reference and tool should I learn if i Interested in LUT / look development?
    I'm learning color grading using davinci and intersted in look development and film LUT.

  • @oxkaioxo
    @oxkaioxo 2 місяці тому

    Very nice video. Instant subscribe.

  • @luxyAAA
    @luxyAAA 2 роки тому +1

    This is great!

  • @jason-ps6mf
    @jason-ps6mf Місяць тому

    7:17 the column matrix {L M S} should be at the right of the 3 * 3 matrix

  • @rafograph
    @rafograph Рік тому

    Great explanation

  • @Pheonixrocks
    @Pheonixrocks 6 місяців тому

    Man this is uni level quality of education

  • @design_ref4215
    @design_ref4215 2 роки тому

    This explaination is amazing.

  • @nobody-bt7mu
    @nobody-bt7mu 2 роки тому +2

    That video was really helpful for me! I'm glad you decided to create a better one!
    On another note, would you be able to make a video explaining monitor calibration types? Cheers!

  • @nando603
    @nando603 10 місяців тому

    What a great video!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @Bradum
    @Bradum Рік тому

    This video is so good!

  • @Вондери
    @Вондери 10 місяців тому

    THANK YOU MAN...

  • @ssa7843
    @ssa7843 3 місяці тому

    Amazing explanation, best i have seen.. what i dont understand, if our eye has three receptors why do we manage to get a parabola, and all technology with 3 colours have always a triangle. Sure with a triangle less mixing area is possible, but why is it even a triangle if biology already allows a parabolic contour form.

  • @milkandhenny
    @milkandhenny Рік тому

    This is a fantastic video.

  • @soumyadeep-mondal
    @soumyadeep-mondal 2 роки тому +2

    Thank you so much for it. And, please add CIELAB and HCT also brother.

    • @VideoTechExplained
      @VideoTechExplained  2 роки тому +6

      Those were in earlier drafts of this video, but I ended up cutting them because this video was pretty dense already. I'll most likely cover them sometime soon!

    • @soumyadeep-mondal
      @soumyadeep-mondal 2 роки тому +1

      @@VideoTechExplained Lots of love from this side man. I really appreciate your hard work!

  • @benloud8740
    @benloud8740 Рік тому

    Great video

  • @xonx209
    @xonx209 9 місяців тому

    Could you explain the conversions that goes on in between a camera and computer, photoshop, monitor so I can understand when and how to deal with color profiles and conversions?

  • @celestinbueche
    @celestinbueche Рік тому

    youtube at its best!

  • @isabelsun5299
    @isabelsun5299 2 роки тому +1

    brilliant

  • @ayeshaarfaat
    @ayeshaarfaat 2 роки тому +3

    If my screen is sRGB and it cannot show colors outside the triangle on CIE diagram then how can my screen show the full diagram? Shouldn't I see just a triangle?

    • @VideoTechExplained
      @VideoTechExplained  2 роки тому +3

      The colors which are outside your display's gamut are shown as being the most saturated possible color of that hue. So the part of the diagram which corresponds to your display is accurate but the parts outside of it are not. The colors on the diagram are only used for visualization purposes

  • @vladalex9556
    @vladalex9556 10 місяців тому

    Linus Tech Tips vibes, good video I like

  • @ladikable
    @ladikable Рік тому

    Very good presentation! Keep it up

  • @vanyakapetanovic4018
    @vanyakapetanovic4018 Рік тому

    Hats off man.

  • @design_ref4215
    @design_ref4215 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks

  • @esbo69
    @esbo69 8 місяців тому

    Great video! what software did you use to make the cieLab visualization?
    Thanks!

  • @tailaihaha
    @tailaihaha 2 місяці тому

    thank u sir!! Thx for educational info!!

  • @AbhinavanandSingh
    @AbhinavanandSingh 2 роки тому

    Fantastic, is the word!

  • @CptCurk
    @CptCurk 2 роки тому

    great content. I need a summary of that topic to remember school ^^' And your video is accurate and right ! :)

  • @isaac10231
    @isaac10231 Рік тому

    Insane video

  • @rowandee3470
    @rowandee3470 9 місяців тому

    Hey, This video was very intuitive. I am actually doing a mathematics project on modelling a color space. Do you know a good source where you can find the corresponding spectral power distributions/metamers for given hues. Like a database that shows the spectral power distribution for many colors?

  • @sushilskolia
    @sushilskolia Рік тому

    Awesome thanks 😊

  • @emotional-robot-dynamics
    @emotional-robot-dynamics Рік тому

    Great explanation of a very complicated subject 🌟 love the graphics (!) really helpful with the visualisation process... 🌟 would you consider making a video focussing on the 'OKLAB' colour model >> I think that would be very interesting >> keep up the good work 👌💯👀🎯🖼😎🌠

  • @zalves2000
    @zalves2000 Рік тому

    BRAVO!!