As a person living with a multi drug resistant infection, I am so glad scientists are finally receiving the funding they need to curb this crisis. At the moment, I'm a big fan of phage therapy because it's at a much more evolved level (I actually had a friend who received phage therapy under a compassionate use authorization). If we can really get these anti-virulence drugs to market, though, they could be a game changer.
8:43 - Unfortunately it’s not just the bacteria fighting evolution. Here in the US we have a bit of an education problem. That very fact is what makes channels and videos like these so important.
All Scientists have underground lairs a refugium of sorts to be shielded from the babble of the narrow minded commoners who far to often slow progress down. oh you are still reading anyway happy new year 😂😂
what about using phages to help treat bacterial infection, I think its been done before (less than 10 times) but it has proved effective, do you think this could be a future solution to the antibiotic crisis
This is really cool! I just finished an essay on antibiotic adjuvants and in all the articles I read antivirulance factors were only mentioned in passing, so it was really cool to learn that this is something that is actually being researched as a possible solution!
Wow! What a discovery! I came here through the "Prime" last video and I'm so grateful for had searched for your channel! *You are amazing!* I'm deeply interested in evolution too! I'm an undergraduate student in Biological Sciences who works with cancer research and I had always, even when I was a child, caught me thinking in therapys that wouldn't compet with evolution. Nice to see that is becoming real science! I have just arrived here, so I don't know yet if you already talk about the extended evolutionary synthesis or some thing similar... If not, it will be really awesome to know what an expecialist have to say about this subject. Thanks again!
This is super interesting, I'd love to see more videos about similar topics :) Also, you conveyed all this information in a way that's simple and relatively easy to understand and also just with so much enthusiasm, it's a joy to watch.
5:00 - Why would not finishing the course of medication have any effect on the resistant bacteria? 😕 If someone is allergic to peanuts, they're probably going to die from one peanut-butter sandwich, but if they're not allergic, they're probably not going to die from having a few more in the next few days. The antibiotics should kill most of them pretty fast, and anything left shouldn't be affected by the remaining meds. 🤔
As a nursing student I find it really exciting to learn about new advances in medical science. Can't wait to see if this is the new wonderdrug in my generation of nurses!
CRISPER? what is the update on crisper, I though bacteriophage i.e. bacterias arch nemesis was at the forefront of our pharmaceutical evolution/revolution
I think there is a bias in pharmaceutical firms against phage therapy due to unpatentability and the centres of research being in former Communist states meaning a lot of research is not in English or German.
@@ChaoticAphrodite the patent part might be legit the other part I am not sure off. But even then it has rarely stopped good tech from coming into the market or creating a niche market of its own. LINUX is still rampantly used in industrial settings despite being open-source and windows completely dominating the consumer market. It's kind of like evolution, every tech has its own environmental stresses and it evolves to tackle them differently.
Regarding antibiotics as growth promoters: There have been similar (occasionally better) results achieved by monitoring livestock gut flora and giving PRObiotics to encourage optimal nutrient absorption and displace any more parasitic/less helpful bacteria. And needless to say, feeding livestock a mix of dry BSL 1 bacteria (basically yogurt for cows) is much less likely to lead to unintended consequences than feeding them half a pharmacy.
5:45 - I totally get the point you're trying to get across. But I feel like health authorities are also at fault here somewhat. In Denmark it's not uncommon to force farmers to do mass euthanization of cattle and such if animals start getting sick. So it's a case of "damned if you do, damned if you don't" economically. With the Covid pandemic we've almost had the entire Mink industry taken down, because positive results mean the entire farm has to be struck down to be on the safe side, even animals who test negative.
I love this idea, in Brazil we have some of the largest animal farms, we won't be able to pay for high-priced medicine, so we need to slow down how we give those antibiotics for animals, I hope we stop all this virulence.
As antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria have proliferated, have changes in ecological distributions of fungi, other bacteria, and other microbiota been observed at all?
So do you think there is a chance this drugs coming out in the next 10 - 20 years? I'm curious because I have cystic fibrosis. They would help me out a lot.
I thought there was a thing thats being worked on where bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics or they can be resistant to another type of drug... but they cant be both at the same time because they are opposite qualities. So if you make a drug that has both types of drug you can stop a bacteria from being ABLE to evolve away from one.
7:55 - so, I assume you specify this and phrase it such that the subtext of what you're saying is: "But there are more that could be discovered, just these companies are not researching hard enough?" (the reason behind this is a whole 'nother question..)
13:00 - But how would the resistant bacteria be disadvantaged enough to die out, what's the actual mechanism? 🤨 The other bacteria are getting killed by the antibiotic, so the resistant one is still at an advantage even if it doesn't flourish as much as it would if it weren't contributing to the kitty. In fact, by having its competition removed, it'll be able to reproduce and then the new cells will also be able to contribute virulence factor. 🤔
As I understand it, the whole idea is that the bacteria *don't* die. They just don't produce enough of the virulent toxin to actually make us sick. Since they don't die, and all share in whatever benefits they get from the toxin, no bacterium is at an advantage over the others. The only reason resistant bacteria can become dominant is that all the non-resistant bacteria die out, allowing the resistant bacterium's offspring to take their place. If they're still there, then the resistant bacterium is no more likely to reproduce than any of the rest.
@@ZipplyZane If none of the bacteria are dying, then what's the point? The infection still rages on, the patient is still sick, and will possibly die. If the goal is to prevent the resistant bacteria from reproducing enough to become a problem to _other_ people aside from the patient (i.e., sacrificing the patient), then why even bother with this, why not just quarantine the patient and let them die (or euthanize them)? 🤨
@@user-vn7ce5ig1z The infection will not continue, because the bacteria will not be able to continue making you sick. As she said at the beginning of the video *bacteria are not what make you sick*. It is the toxins they produce that make you sick. Stop the toxins, and the illness stops.
@@ZipplyZane She also said the virulence factor was the "messages" that the bacteria send each other to communicate to swap genes. So either virulence factor pulls double duty as a messenger and also to damage the host, or there's some mixed up wording. 🤔 (And that wasn't the beginning of the video, it was 10 minutes in.)
At 10:41, is that a cookie or a biscuit? Asking for a friend...they're from the U.S. and have struggled with this concept. Also, wonderful content produced by a charming presenter. Thank you!!!!
Great video, but what you say at 4:55 is outdated and contradicts what you earlier said about evolutionary pressure. The longer you take antibiotics, the more you select bacteria which are resistant; not only among the target species, but among any bacteria in your body, which later is problematic, as you mentioned, through horizontal gene transfer. Taking antibiotics just as long as they need to give the immune system a significant advantage, is actually good practice, unless you're immune deficient or the bacterium is a really dangerous one, where e.g. spreading it is a big concern. In other cases, taking them to the end regardless how you feel shouldn't be encouraged anymore. And yes, the excessive use of antibiotics in livestock farming ist the larger concern, especially of those which are considered human reserve antibiotics.
You see it's a socialist idea to give antibiotics to every animal on the farm. It was socialist diversion inside capitalism! These poor corporations don't even know what's going on! Of course I'm joking but I will not be surprised to see that rich white populists will seriously spin it in this way if they have to lol
At 13:20. How did they evolve such a cookie sharing system in the first place? It sounds unstable because any bacteria evolving it in the first place would be at a disadvantage as well. And any bacteria that stops paying into the bank and just takes all the cookies would have an advantage. If they managed to evolve this in the first place wouldn't they be able to do it again with the drug present? Also great video btw. It made me hungry though.
what if we would rotate the use of the antibiotics? so one Year worldwide only family a+b is used then c+d and so on, until we start from a+b again. The bacteria would adjust to one group of antibiotics well, and will get hit hard by the next. so we can keep the upper hand by changing the rules of evolution all the time, so they will have evolved away from what's against them in the coming year?
The marine Vibrio harveyii bacteria has an interesting virulence character - bioluminescence. Bacterial cells in communities communicate by secreting molecules into the environment. As the number of microorganisms increases, the concentration of these in the environment increases, and this leads to activation of the virulence characters. These molecules are called “Quorum Sensing molecules” as they are indicative of cell density to the cells. In V. harveyii, When the concentration of the Quorum sensing signals triggers the cells to glow in the ocean water The ‘public goods’ that are produced by each member in a community of cells to help them collectively is a very complex and dynamic network. Often it involves cooperation and competition between unrelated organisms. The community of cells have a social structure analogous to ours complete with “Cheater” cells which only reap the benefit without contributing”. Many of this phenomenon are seen in bacteria that tend to form communities like seen in microbiomes or biofilms. Although I’m just an undergrad, it was amazing to watch this video about a field I am involved in, and excites me.
11:21 New Life Goal set: Get a PhD to be able to do this humble brag! Jokes aside. This is so releaving to hear, that there are such smart humans working to find a fix for this major crisis of ours. It's such a stupid thing, that Antibiotics are given out on a regular basis to have a bit bigger profit, this is sick (no pun intended). Big fan of yours, keep it on :) Julian
What if some somebody takes différent anti biotic each time If bacteria become tesistant to obe anti biotic and reproduce by évolution It won't be redistant to the other antibiotic so they will die Or wa can just stop abusing of antibiotics
It's amazing how smart people can still believe in evolution. When you look at house, you don't just say, "wow that house just sprung up from that log!". No, that house had a designer and creator. So why wouldn't the natural world have a creator?
Instead of biscuits, how about you're going for nights out where everyone else gets rounds of drinks they can claim on expenses but you have to pay out of your own pocket? Eventually you're going to go to fewer of those nights out than the other people. (Analogy may have been slightly influenced by my social life in my 20s!).
Hi Sally. Are there studies that look at the evolutionary psychology of bigotry? I know there is plenty on in-group out-group dynamics, but is there one that drills down on bigotry specifically?
Few youtuber are this excited about what their talking about and fewer leave us with a sense of awe at the end. I'm a veterinarian and I know about many bacteria resistant to 2 or 3 classes of Anti-bacteria but is there a known bacteria resistant to more than 5 or even more?
Hai i am your fans and also as a medical sciences student.... I have wondering 1 critical questions... As we can see , yeah evolution is natural processes , the evolution is make we human today, the best evolution will survive will continue to produce... So my question is, if this fate or nature of evolution is apply to every living organism, so why the big bone dinosaur now day is unseen , why dinasour is disappearing only left the existing... if evolution is nature, so therr there should be , 1 the best dinosaur will survive and continue to replace the entire species... i just wonder what actually happen from the past :/
the asteroid that hit earth caused mass destruction of dinosaurs (watch videos on the subject for full information) only some dinosaurs survived and became birds
There is some fascinating stuff in this video but at times you seem to be over simplifying evolution to the point of making it sound like bacteria sit around planning how to evolve. I'm sure there are better ways to phrase what you were explaining in those parts so it is more clear to people who don't already understand evolution enough to know that was metaphor.
The teleological argument is commonly invoked in the discussion of evolution. I have to simplify everything I talk about, and in this case, I do not think it leads to misinformation.
But I thought you folks were no longer a part of the EU. Soon you'll be able to enjoy the same slightly increased profit from slightly faster growing cattle that we enjoy in the US.
The term "evolutionary-proof" is a footgun. You can't win against evolution. You can win against a certain product of evolution, but not evolution itself. Finding a way to stop the highly specific mechanism of virulence in the specific living organisms of bacteria is great! But you are not winning against evolution. You're misusing a general term to refer to a highly specific subconcept. It's a bit like misusing the word "universe" for the solar system. Great, you can now refer to the solar system by "universe", but you've just thrown away the only term that could refer to everything else around it.
Oh cool another apocalyptic crisis that seems to have exploded alongside the rise of neoliberalism in the nineteen-seventies. But sure lets keep governing everything like nothing's changed in our understanding of the past fifty years. Loved the video essay style here, with the editing and the demonstrations and all. And yeah all the cool new medical science ideas. Thanks
Just conveniently ignoring the current human made pandemic as a target for your anger. Also the number of statistics and hyperbole in your videos is not countered by the pink hair this time.
2:44 "and that is a jolly big selection pressure indeed" you are so just aggressively british. I love it.
Aggressivly British. Yes
More specifically, it's a Matt Parker joke, right down to the delivery.
As a person living with a multi drug resistant infection, I am so glad scientists are finally receiving the funding they need to curb this crisis. At the moment, I'm a big fan of phage therapy because it's at a much more evolved level (I actually had a friend who received phage therapy under a compassionate use authorization). If we can really get these anti-virulence drugs to market, though, they could be a game changer.
Start of video: calm, scripted, educational video
2 minutes later: unhinged, angry, biologist
Love you Sally!
Came here from Tom Scott. Did not regret it. Consider me as a new subscriber.
8:43 - Unfortunately it’s not just the bacteria fighting evolution. Here in the US we have a bit of an education problem. That very fact is what makes channels and videos like these so important.
oofff
Your videos keep getting better. I thoroughly enjoyed this one. Thank you for being a positive voice of reason. I learned something today.
Love how the chemist sounded like he was coming live from an echoey underground lair.
Ah the joy of doing interviews when you can't travel with your nice recording equipment!
@@SallyLePage lol I liked it added some gravitas. Great video! :)
All Scientists have underground lairs a refugium of sorts to be shielded from the babble of the narrow minded commoners who far to often slow progress down.
oh you are still reading anyway happy new year 😂😂
what about using phages to help treat bacterial infection, I think its been done before (less than 10 times) but it has proved effective, do you think this could be a future solution to the antibiotic crisis
This is SUCH A GREAT VIDEO, nice work - excuse me while I share this with everyone I know...
This is really cool! I just finished an essay on antibiotic adjuvants and in all the articles I read antivirulance factors were only mentioned in passing, so it was really cool to learn that this is something that is actually being researched as a possible solution!
You have some gorgeous indoor plants.
Wow! What a discovery! I came here through the "Prime" last video and I'm so grateful for had searched for your channel!
*You are amazing!*
I'm deeply interested in evolution too! I'm an undergraduate student in Biological Sciences who works with cancer research and I had always, even when I was a child, caught me thinking in therapys that wouldn't compet with evolution. Nice to see that is becoming real science!
I have just arrived here, so I don't know yet if you already talk about the extended evolutionary synthesis or some thing similar... If not, it will be really awesome to know what an expecialist have to say about this subject.
Thanks again!
Thank you for all your amazing content.
This is super interesting, I'd love to see more videos about similar topics :)
Also, you conveyed all this information in a way that's simple and relatively easy to understand and also just with so much enthusiasm, it's a joy to watch.
5:00 - Why would not finishing the course of medication have any effect on the resistant bacteria? 😕 If someone is allergic to peanuts, they're probably going to die from one peanut-butter sandwich, but if they're not allergic, they're probably not going to die from having a few more in the next few days. The antibiotics should kill most of them pretty fast, and anything left shouldn't be affected by the remaining meds. 🤔
More of this sort of thing please. Great vid. Excellent content 👍
1:17 a scientist's admiration to her field of science: the way Sally says 'evolution'
Thank you for another gem, Sally!
Question about the cookie jar type antibiotic, would that mean a constant intake of the antibiotic is required to suppress the cookie signals?
As a nursing student I find it really exciting to learn about new advances in medical science. Can't wait to see if this is the new wonderdrug in my generation of nurses!
Pretty nifty, I enjoyed this video.
CRISPER? what is the update on crisper, I though bacteriophage i.e. bacterias arch nemesis was at the forefront of our pharmaceutical evolution/revolution
I think there is a bias in pharmaceutical firms against phage therapy due to unpatentability and the centres of research being in former Communist states meaning a lot of research is not in English or German.
@@ChaoticAphrodite the patent part might be legit the other part I am not sure off. But even then it has rarely stopped good tech from coming into the market or creating a niche market of its own. LINUX is still rampantly used in industrial settings despite being open-source and windows completely dominating the consumer market. It's kind of like evolution, every tech has its own environmental stresses and it evolves to tackle them differently.
Regarding antibiotics as growth promoters: There have been similar (occasionally better) results achieved by monitoring livestock gut flora and giving PRObiotics to encourage optimal nutrient absorption and displace any more parasitic/less helpful bacteria. And needless to say, feeding livestock a mix of dry BSL 1 bacteria (basically yogurt for cows) is much less likely to lead to unintended consequences than feeding them half a pharmacy.
amazing video
5:45 - I totally get the point you're trying to get across. But I feel like health authorities are also at fault here somewhat. In Denmark it's not uncommon to force farmers to do mass euthanization of cattle and such if animals start getting sick. So it's a case of "damned if you do, damned if you don't" economically.
With the Covid pandemic we've almost had the entire Mink industry taken down, because positive results mean the entire farm has to be struck down to be on the safe side, even animals who test negative.
I love this idea, in Brazil we have some of the largest animal farms, we won't be able to pay for high-priced medicine, so we need to slow down how we give those antibiotics for animals, I hope we stop all this virulence.
As antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria have proliferated, have changes in ecological distributions of fungi, other bacteria, and other microbiota been observed at all?
Professor Le Page, it is an honour to make your acquaintance - albeit electronically.
Love the quality of the video, and share your evolutionary biology passion!
Free market baby! Never fails
This was an A+ video. Really fascinating. The perfect deep dive for a general audience
Very engaging, very good layman's summaries. Top tier science!
So do you think there is a chance this drugs coming out in the next 10 - 20 years? I'm curious because I have cystic fibrosis. They would help me out a lot.
I thought there was a thing thats being worked on where bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics or they can be resistant to another type of drug... but they cant be both at the same time because they are opposite qualities. So if you make a drug that has both types of drug you can stop a bacteria from being ABLE to evolve away from one.
Don't mind me, just helping with the algorithm ^^
Great video, I really do hope you can grow within the next months!
So I have one question... when do we get the biscuits?
Amazing topic, great video!
I really liked the way you explained some of the concepts using paper animations!
7:55 - so, I assume you specify this and phrase it such that the subtext of what you're saying is: "But there are more that could be discovered, just these companies are not researching hard enough?"
(the reason behind this is a whole 'nother question..)
Antibiotic research is famously badly funded due to not being profitable.
13:00 - But how would the resistant bacteria be disadvantaged enough to die out, what's the actual mechanism? 🤨 The other bacteria are getting killed by the antibiotic, so the resistant one is still at an advantage even if it doesn't flourish as much as it would if it weren't contributing to the kitty. In fact, by having its competition removed, it'll be able to reproduce and then the new cells will also be able to contribute virulence factor. 🤔
As I understand it, the whole idea is that the bacteria *don't* die. They just don't produce enough of the virulent toxin to actually make us sick. Since they don't die, and all share in whatever benefits they get from the toxin, no bacterium is at an advantage over the others.
The only reason resistant bacteria can become dominant is that all the non-resistant bacteria die out, allowing the resistant bacterium's offspring to take their place. If they're still there, then the resistant bacterium is no more likely to reproduce than any of the rest.
@@ZipplyZane If none of the bacteria are dying, then what's the point? The infection still rages on, the patient is still sick, and will possibly die. If the goal is to prevent the resistant bacteria from reproducing enough to become a problem to _other_ people aside from the patient (i.e., sacrificing the patient), then why even bother with this, why not just quarantine the patient and let them die (or euthanize them)? 🤨
@@user-vn7ce5ig1z The point is not to kill bacteria, but to give bacteria that don't produce virulence factors an edge over those that do.
@@user-vn7ce5ig1z The infection will not continue, because the bacteria will not be able to continue making you sick.
As she said at the beginning of the video *bacteria are not what make you sick*. It is the toxins they produce that make you sick. Stop the toxins, and the illness stops.
@@ZipplyZane She also said the virulence factor was the "messages" that the bacteria send each other to communicate to swap genes. So either virulence factor pulls double duty as a messenger and also to damage the host, or there's some mixed up wording. 🤔
(And that wasn't the beginning of the video, it was 10 minutes in.)
Another awesome video from Sally! Good on ya!
At 10:41, is that a cookie or a biscuit? Asking for a friend...they're from the U.S. and have struggled with this concept.
Also, wonderful content produced by a charming presenter. Thank you!!!!
The background music was great. Where did you get it from?
Sounds like vivaldi's summer
Really cool, thanks for sharing.
Great video, but what you say at 4:55 is outdated and contradicts what you earlier said about evolutionary pressure. The longer you take antibiotics, the more you select bacteria which are resistant; not only among the target species, but among any bacteria in your body, which later is problematic, as you mentioned, through horizontal gene transfer.
Taking antibiotics just as long as they need to give the immune system a significant advantage, is actually good practice, unless you're immune deficient or the bacterium is a really dangerous one, where e.g. spreading it is a big concern. In other cases, taking them to the end regardless how you feel shouldn't be encouraged anymore.
And yes, the excessive use of antibiotics in livestock farming ist the larger concern, especially of those which are considered human reserve antibiotics.
Very interesting!
What‽ The problem was not science and doctors but instead capitalism and big corporations? What a surprising coincidence!
You see it's a socialist idea to give antibiotics to every animal on the farm. It was socialist diversion inside capitalism! These poor corporations don't even know what's going on!
Of course I'm joking but I will not be surprised to see that rich white populists will seriously spin it in this way if they have to lol
13:20 - So basically, it's not us vs evolution, is evolution vs evolution (in the direction us humans prefer!)
i am glad i found this channel!!
just the pink font colour of the names was a bit pricky
At 13:20. How did they evolve such a cookie sharing system in the first place? It sounds unstable because any bacteria evolving it in the first place would be at a disadvantage as well. And any bacteria that stops paying into the bank and just takes all the cookies would have an advantage. If they managed to evolve this in the first place wouldn't they be able to do it again with the drug present?
Also great video btw. It made me hungry though.
1:52 Can we all just that the time to appreciate how much work she must’ve had to do just to set up that intro!
Request: can you do a video on psychedelics in animals? Do they feel any effects? What research is even done on the topic?
Trying to read the titles of the books on the shelf. Always on the look out for some good sciency books to devour.
Are you judging a book by its cover?!
6:10 the same goes for hormones
Wait isn't this the person who did a guest video on Tom's channel some years ago? I guess I've seen them somewhere
Yes, she's friends with Tom (and probably relatives)
what if we would rotate the use of the antibiotics? so one Year worldwide only family a+b is used then c+d and so on, until we start from a+b again. The bacteria would adjust to one group of antibiotics well, and will get hit hard by the next. so we can keep the upper hand by changing the rules of evolution all the time, so they will have evolved away from what's against them in the coming year?
Was not expecting to get 'Portrait of a Lady on Fire' flashbacks when starting to watch this video but was pleasantly surprised!!
I've not seen that yet! I'm guessing it was the Vivaldi that was the similarity?
@@SallyLePage Oh yes! It features heavily in the film. I assumed it was purposeful, but even more chuffed with the happy accident
Love the use of classical music :)
Awesome concept. I hope research forks into agriculture. If it works it could be a game changer for food production.
This was a great video, your love for your field of study really showed ^_^
This is why I throw my petri dishes inside a volcano after Kirby-Bauer-ing
9:11 Yay, go Munich! Awesome video
awesome editing
This is really exciting news - I eagerly await updates on this!
Isn't that how Diptheria anti toxin work?
The marine Vibrio harveyii bacteria has an interesting virulence character - bioluminescence.
Bacterial cells in communities communicate by secreting molecules into the environment. As the number of microorganisms increases, the concentration of these in the environment increases, and this leads to activation of the virulence characters. These molecules are called “Quorum Sensing molecules” as they are indicative of cell density to the cells. In V. harveyii, When the concentration of the Quorum sensing signals triggers the cells to glow in the ocean water
The ‘public goods’ that are produced by each member in a community of cells to help them collectively is a very complex and dynamic network. Often it involves cooperation and competition between unrelated organisms. The community of cells have a social structure analogous to ours complete with “Cheater” cells which only reap the benefit without contributing”. Many of this phenomenon are seen in bacteria that tend to form communities like seen in microbiomes or biofilms.
Although I’m just an undergrad, it was amazing to watch this video about a field I am involved in, and excites me.
[CC] please
Yes! We were very tight with the deadline but I'll get them up tomorrow!
Captions are now up!
Another great video ^_^
Great video
11:21 New Life Goal set: Get a PhD to be able to do this humble brag!
Jokes aside. This is so releaving to hear, that there are such smart humans working to find a fix for this major crisis of ours. It's such a stupid thing, that Antibiotics are given out on a regular basis to have a bit bigger profit, this is sick (no pun intended).
Big fan of yours, keep it on :)
Julian
I just came here from Primer!
This was so insightful and interesting! Kudos!❤️
This is a fascinating topic and I love it. But I am struggling to focus on that because that top is too cute!
What if some somebody takes différent anti biotic each time
If bacteria become tesistant to obe anti biotic and reproduce by évolution
It won't be redistant to the other antibiotic so they will die
Or wa can just stop abusing of antibiotics
Excuse my english
Does anyone else feel like every one of Dr Le Pages videos are at their root an example of the tragedy of the commons?
The old 'F U, I got mine' ethos.
It's amazing how smart people can still believe in evolution.
When you look at house, you don't just say, "wow that house just sprung up from that log!". No, that house had a designer and creator. So why wouldn't the natural world have a creator?
Instead of biscuits, how about you're going for nights out where everyone else gets rounds of drinks they can claim on expenses but you have to pay out of your own pocket? Eventually you're going to go to fewer of those nights out than the other people. (Analogy may have been slightly influenced by my social life in my 20s!).
This video did not go where I thought it would go...... When I clicked on it I expected to hear something about customized bacteriophages.
Aaaaaand ... subbed
Hi Sally. Are there studies that look at the evolutionary psychology of bigotry? I know there is plenty on in-group out-group dynamics, but is there one that drills down on bigotry specifically?
I appreciate the righteous anger.
Yes, Sally, we can tell you are angry at those injecting antibiotics on their farm animals 😅
Few youtuber are this excited about what their talking about and fewer leave us with a sense of awe at the end.
I'm a veterinarian and I know about many bacteria resistant to 2 or 3 classes of Anti-bacteria but is there a known bacteria resistant to more than 5 or even more?
@2:15 "well, just like humans, bacteria don't want to die and there is a very strong incentive to evolve resistance"
Whoa, there, Lamarck!
Hai i am your fans and also as a medical sciences student.... I have wondering 1 critical questions... As we can see , yeah evolution is natural processes , the evolution is make we human today, the best evolution will survive will continue to produce... So my question is, if this fate or nature of evolution is apply to every living organism, so why the big bone dinosaur now day is unseen , why dinasour is disappearing only left the existing... if evolution is nature, so therr there should be , 1 the best dinosaur will survive and continue to replace the entire species... i just wonder what actually happen from the past :/
the asteroid that hit earth caused mass destruction of dinosaurs (watch videos on the subject for full information) only some dinosaurs survived and became birds
I came thanks to Tom Scott
Super video
Primers video lead me here
AAAAA WHERE WAS THIS VIDEO WHEN I WAS WRITING MY ESSAY
Meat industry causing problems? Who would have guessed this?!
In the EU? I thought you were in England.
Sick burn.
Still technically working under eu rules for the next few months even though we have left.
Let me cling on to it for the last few months...
Still 58 days to go
There is some fascinating stuff in this video but at times you seem to be over simplifying evolution to the point of making it sound like bacteria sit around planning how to evolve. I'm sure there are better ways to phrase what you were explaining in those parts so it is more clear to people who don't already understand evolution enough to know that was metaphor.
The teleological argument is commonly invoked in the discussion of evolution. I have to simplify everything I talk about, and in this case, I do not think it leads to misinformation.
Enjoy your antibiotic-free food, EU. We'll let you know how it goes on this side of the Channel.
But I thought you folks were no longer a part of the EU. Soon you'll be able to enjoy the same slightly increased profit from slightly faster growing cattle that we enjoy in the US.
Let me dream a little longer.
I really need to go vegan
Gut biome.
U sound like Google assistant 😂
The term "evolutionary-proof" is a footgun. You can't win against evolution. You can win against a certain product of evolution, but not evolution itself. Finding a way to stop the highly specific mechanism of virulence in the specific living organisms of bacteria is great! But you are not winning against evolution.
You're misusing a general term to refer to a highly specific subconcept. It's a bit like misusing the word "universe" for the solar system. Great, you can now refer to the solar system by "universe", but you've just thrown away the only term that could refer to everything else around it.
Oh cool another apocalyptic crisis that seems to have exploded alongside the rise of neoliberalism in the nineteen-seventies. But sure lets keep governing everything like nothing's changed in our understanding of the past fifty years. Loved the video essay style here, with the editing and the demonstrations and all. And yeah all the cool new medical science ideas. Thanks
doesn't evolution work the same in humans as it does in bacteria? and isn't the entire medical industry just creating a medicine dependent population?
Ahhh the Industry again 😂😂
Makes you wonder about Marx being right
"What if I told you there were evolution proof drugs?"
Well, you are guaranteed 100% wrong.
Just conveniently ignoring the current human made pandemic as a target for your anger. Also the number of statistics and hyperbole in your videos is not countered by the pink hair this time.