Fertilisation and Seed Formation

FREE IGCSE BIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS
igcsebio.sciencesauceonline.com
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SUMMARY:
Fertilisation is the fusion of the male gamete with the female gamete to form a zygote. In flowering plants, the male gametes are found in pollen grains, produced in the anthers, while the female gametes are found in the ovules.
Pollen must first travel from an anther to the stigma in a process called pollination. When a pollen grain lands on the stigma, it forms a pollen tube down the style of the flower. The pollen grain’s nucleus travels down the pollen tube as it grows towards the ovary and the ovule. The pollen tube reaches a tiny opening in the ovule, and then the tip of the pollen tube dissolves allowing the pollen nucleus to enter the ovule. Here, the pollen nucleus fuses with the egg cell nucleus. This fusion of the two nuclei is fertilisation. Fertilisation creates a new cell, called a zygote.
The single zygote cell divides and develops to become a plant embryo which has a plumule and a radicle. The plumule will go on to become the first shoot of the plant while the radicle will become the first root. The remaining contents of the ovule develop into cotyledons which act as a food store for the new plant. Seeds need their own food store for the earliest stage of growth because no food is produced by photosynthesis until leaves develop. Surrounding the seed is a seed coat, a protective layer which forms from the ovary wall.

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Does this apply to ALL seeds, like sunflowers, oranges, potatoes, etc?

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1:52 so what happens to the ovary of this plant (the one shown on the left)? Does the plant just die when that happens? Does the fruit just break the parts around it?? PLS RESPOND 😅😊

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[@PeterpanyoYT]

Thank you so much for this video, it helped me a lot! I just wanted to ask, where does fertilisation take place in plants? Is it in the ovary or the ovule? I am known with the fact that it occurs in the ovary but I did some past questions online and some state it occurs in the ovules....?

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Isnt the outer shell of the seed called seed coat? Correct me if im wrong❤

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didn't you mean the seed coat develops from OVULE wall? you said OVARY wall.

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[@sir.mistable1496]

Excellently made video, but you didn't talk about the fact that pollen as two sperm cells as well as a vegetative cell, or the fact that ovules are made up of 8 embryonic cells and that both the egg and the endosperm are fertilised to make a seed. Good video for the fundamentals but I would have looks some more detail! Anyway, cheers.

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The pollen goes to the stigma

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