Menstrual Cycle - Part 2
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- Опубліковано 21 тра 2020
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Menstrual cycle
The cycle lasts 21-35 days on average
The cycle consists of two phases:
• Follicular phase: accounts for most of the variability in the length of the menstrual cycle
• Luteal phase: lasts 14-15 days
The cycle changes with age:
First few years following menarche → irregular menstrual cycles (caused by the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis)
Days 1-14
Ovaries: the follicular phase
---------------------------------------------
1. FSH stimulates the development of several follicles in the ovaries → granulosa cells of follicles produce estrogen → suppresses the release of FSH via a negative feedback loop
2. Selection of a dominant follicle (Graafian follicle)
3. High levels of estrogen trigger a positive feedback loop → release of FSH → subsequent LH surge initiates ovulation
Endometrium: desquamation and proliferative phase
• Desquamation (menstruation at days 1-4)
Absence of a pregnancy → resolution of corpus luteum → progesterone concentration decreases → induces vasospasms in the uterine spiral arteries, ischemia, and sloughing off of the functional layer of the endometrium
• Proliferation (days 4-14): growing follicles produce estrogen (granulosa cells express aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens) → stimulates proliferation of the endometrium
Histology
• Proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells (cells show high mitotic activity)
• Endometrial glands are straight, tubular, and lined by simple columnar epithelium.
• Stromal cells start to divide, enlarge, and accumulate glycogen.
• Uterine spiral arteries start to regenerate and extend two-thirds of the way into the endometrium.
Days 14-28
Ovaries: luteal phase
----------------------------------
• Ovulation: rupture of Graafian follicle → oocyte is released
• Following ovulation, the granulosa cells produce LH receptors → LH-induced transformation of the Graafian follicle into the corpus luteum → produces progesterone → inhibits LH release via a negative feedback loop
Endometrium: secretory phase
• Endometrial differentiation promoted by progesterone → preparation of the functional layer of the endometrium for oocyte implantation
Histology
Increased endometrial gland tortuosity
Glycogen-rich secretions
Edematous stromal cells
Uterine spiral arteries extend the full length of the endometrium.
In the absence of pregnancy → ↓ progesterone levels → induces apoptosis of the functional layer of the endometrium (seen as shrinkage and fragmentation of endometrial cell nuclei) → menstruation
#menstrualcycle #gyenecology #obg #follicularphase #letualphase #menstrualcyclephysiology #menstrualcyclembbs #menstrualcyclevideo #menstrualcycleusmle #menstrualcycle
" If a child can't learn the way we teach , may be we should teach the way they learn "
Ignacio Estrada
Prayers and love from kerala.
So much informative.
When being an Engineer, having no idea about any medical terminology, and yet able to understand your explanation, that means you're fabulous teacher Doctor...Hats off...
Hi
It's a wonderful explanation & truly great teacher..!!! Be continue Sir..!!
Thank you sir , very well explained ..
Thank you so much sir .you make every topic much easier !
Sir u give such a nice explanation, thank you sir for uploading these lecture vedios
Crystal clear concept 😄 sir you and your knowledge is just Amazing 🤩
Excellent 👌 I can now understand menstrual cycle completely.thank you sir
Can't thank you enough god bless you
Thank you sir. Its really helpful.
Thank you very much for making these concepts soo easy to understand.
Glad you like them!
Thanku sir 🙏for clearing my doubts
Wonderfully Explained👌
can you also discuss anovulatory cycles, and thank you very much for sharing your knowledge
very well explained ,,thank u sirrrrrrr.....
Ur lectures directly goes on mind heart and mind also
Wonderful teacher ever
I never ever seen before.........such mindblowing teacher in my life
Thank u so much sir
Thanks a ton
Sir u are a great teacher! ❤️ Thank you ❤️
Crystal clear concepts🔥
No word 😯😯😯 how he is teaching deeply no one taught like this to me
Tysm
Once again thank you sir 😊😊 the way you teach is awesome
It was amazing.
Sir the matter which u cover in this video or other videos ..do they are sufficient of my gynecology subject?
Great sir 🙏🏼🙏🏼tqq
Great stuff
Thank you very much for this explanation🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼...
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you so much sir😀😀
Tysm sir!!
Great explanation sir ...😁
best video explained menstrual cycle
Omg...u r so helpful...menstrual cycle was a tricky topic for me all these days .. .thank you so much 🎉
most welcome
Thank u sir🙏👍very nice explanation
Always welcome
God of teaching 🙏
Thank u sir...
All study material are send into our brain .
Just like USB cable .
Ur the Really magical teacher .
so clear explanation sir ..we need lower and upper limb explanation also sir
Thankyou Sir
Very good discussion this topic sir
I m very confused
Lajwab sir
Very informative session
Thank you sir
All the best
Nice lecture
You tell me there is any problem we take levonorrgestrel tablet please let me sir
excellent
Take love from Bangladesh ❤️🇧🇩
Keep going sir ... It was very helpful video for us🤩
Thank you, I will
Thank you sir❤❤for clearing my all doubts❤😊
Always welcome
Thank u sir
Sir you are just awesome in gynecology sir please keep making videos
🤝🤝🤝
Sir please make video on pelvic organ prolapse
Clear sir😭❤️❤️❤️ thank you so much sir
Most welcome 😊
Thankyou sir ....u explain very well my all doubt's are clear about menstrual cycle
Hi
What unmarried girls do to fulfill their sexual desire?
Sir is pdf available for this class?
Very infrmatv...
#EasyMedicosis
Thanks alot
Happy to help
Thank you so much sir❤
Most welcome
Super explanation thanks alote sir
So nice of you
@@doctorbhanuprakash welcome,sir I am waiting for your more vedios,,making note from your lectures
It's amazing explanation sir 😃 but ads interrupt 🙂
Sir when your going to upload animated video for lateral wall of nose? You said u have it and u will post it soon.but I am waiting from 1 and half month.So plz tell me when exactly you are going to upload it.Thank u.
tomorrow ill upload for sure
@@doctorbhanuprakash thank you sir 🙏🙏
Sir i have a question can a girl ovulate before menarche and how many days before menarche....
i am waiting for msqs or third part
Sir can you post 3 part of menstrual cycle
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
👏👏👏
Thank uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
Why all the women do not face the midcycle pain??
And why estrogen firstly gives -ve feedback and before ovulation it gives +ve feedback to make LH surge , and thanks 🙏
Exactly ...even i dont get that
nikita bhardwaj In that time , I opened Guyton book and I found that this question is under research but there are some theories one of them the dr said it in the video . Good luck 🌸✨
👍
Why progesterone gives + Feedback before ovulation while it gives -ve feedback after ovulation, I hope you answer me and thank you so much 🌸
Exactly
I also dont get that point
I think sir meant estrogen instead of progesterone in the second half of ovulation
combined positive feedback effects of estrogen and progesterone ensure a robust LH surge to induce ovulation
While negative feedback after ovulation is important for LH to be reduced which in turns cause the corpus leuteum degeneration and subsequent progesterone fall. As progesterone doesn't help in maturation of follicle for next cycle
Very well explained sir.. thankyou
Keep watching