@@vardekpetrovic9716 The name Bohmen is a Germanisation of the Latin Bohemia which it turn is derived from the name of the Celtic people called the Boii. The Boii also gave their name to Bologna and Bavaria.
Bohemia(Boiohaemum) is named after the celtic tribe named Boii. And btw from the dna we know that celts never left, they were asimiated by the germanic tribes, which were later asimilated by the slavs.
In Czech, Bohemia has always been known as Čechy, which you can translate as Czechia. In fact, the Medieval document you show says exactly this, in Latin: Bohemia, itemque Czechia vocatur = Bohemia, which is also called Czechia. In most Slavic languages (and in Hungarian), there is no distinction between Czechia and Bohemia, Czechs and Bohemians. However, the distinction does exist in German (Böhmen vs. Tschechien), English and most western European languages. In Czechia itself, they just recently tried to introduce a new name for the country (Česko) to distinguish it from the historical region of Bohemia (Čechy): not sure how much it caught on, though. However, up to this day, this distinction doesn't exist in Polish, Slovenian, Hungarian: in those languages, there is one name (Czechy, Češka, Csehország) for both the historical region of Bohemia AND the modern independent state of Czechia.
In Polish there is a Word for Bohemia and Czechia, and there is a distinction, Bohemia is used for the region of bohemia and the czech kingdoms that were called Bohemia
In the Czech language there is indeed no distinction. We do not have a direct equivalent for Bohemia, as it would be called (Čechy) in the past. Then, after the dissolution with Slovakia, we would call our state (Česká republika) or Czech Republic. And only since 2016 abbreviation of (Česko) Czechia would gain official recognition, even though the term would be comonly used since at least the 20th century. During the medieval times Kingdom of Bohemia would be known as (Země Koruny české) or Lands of the Crown of Bohemia. This would encompass the Duchy of Bohemia (České knížectví), the Margraviate of Moravia (Moravské markrabství) and the Duchy of Silesia (Slezské knížectví), although now only the southern most part of Silesia is part of Czechia. These three titles would make up the Royal Crown of Bohemia which would be ruled by the king of Bohemia and these three titles now make geographicaly the three regions of Czechia.
It’s still not the same… The name Bohemia was created and given by the Germans for the area once they had incorporated it into the HRE and ruled it. The name Bohemia is based on the Germanic-Celtic tribe that had lived and ruled there centuries before the Slavs (Czechs) arrived there and mixed with them. That’s also why Germans differentiate between Bohemia and Czechia. Bohemia is like the historical term for the land with a basis on the historically multinational nature and culture of the land, which had ceased to exist once the Czechs had eradicated the other nationalities still left. While for the Czechs it’s probably the same and there’s no differentiation between the two terms because the Czechs had a strong belief that all of the land should belong to them and only them, especially Czech leaders did with the rise of Czech nationalism who then attempted to interchangeably use the name for both times to emphasize and justify Czech rule in a historic sense and wash away the multinational history and culture of the region of Bohemia.
@@Ultima-Signathcth Bohemia is EXONYM. "Bohemia" was used in Latin then in German(and then English). ENDONYM is "Cechy" -the name allways used by the local slavic population was . For the local population there never has been distinction between "Czech"(language, kingdom, ethnicity etc) and "Bohemian". !!!..... as a matter of fact, this distinction did NOT exist even in GERMAN as well till very recently. Word "Tscheche" was really introduced into German only by mid-19th century to "make space" to distinguish Czech-Bohemians and German-Bohemians in the political dicourse. Up till mid-19th century "Bohmish" was used for "ethnic Czech" - there were "Deutsch-Bohmish" Dictionaries, "Bohmishe Sprache" etc ... In fact, the Czech language struggled with the same problem of distinguishing "Deutsch-Bohmish" as well: the term used in Czech Language ("Cesti Nemci") is literally equivalent of "Czech Germans" ... another thing related to the fact that there is no distinction between Czech and Bohemian in the local language
@@wally2geny’all get so defensive over people wanting to determine their own name for their land. I bet you got opinions about Constantinople vs Istanbul too. Or Persia Vs Iran
The "cal" in Caledonia comes from the old pre-Roman Celts who didn't really have a border system as we have today, but had many places all throughout Europe, more like safe havens everywhere. Caledonia in Scotland, Callantsoog in Frisia or the Frisian name Gjalt, Gallia in France, Galicia in Spain, Portugal, Calella in Spain, Calabria in Italy, Gallipoli in Turkey, and so on. They were all connected in a way, but have been split up, isolated, and incorporated into other powers.
Nothing you've said is true. Caledonia does not share an etemological link to any of those words, other than it being a latinizastion of whatever the Caledonians called themselves 😂
Prusia - a baltic tribe land, occupied by germans and the name adopted by the entire german empire at some point in history. And now it is Kaliningrad - the name who has no relation neither to the land or to the people.
Prussia's name was adopted by Germans way before that. Prussia even was the main predecessor to Germany. It was Germanised by Saxon Teutons who in a holy mission conquered Livonia and Germanised the Prussian natives and adopted the name. Then the Polish came and a century later it united with Brandenburg after becoming Protestant. It wasn't until the 1600's where after learning combat by the Swedish Empire that they became more of a military power and unified most of Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony.
@@kaloarepo288 You are not right, no King's City but King's Mountain according to the one of leaders of the crusade against the Prussian pagans and the founder of the city, King Ottokar of Bohemia
Honestly, I thought you were gonna talk about Alba for Scotland, instead of Caledonia. Another one that I think you should cover is Ireland, which was named Hibernia by the Romans.
Have to keep in mind that Hibernia is *just* the Latinized form of what the Proto-Celtic speaking people of Ireland called their land, (linguists have reconstructed that Proto-Celtic name as *Φīweriyū (Phee-wear-ee-oo). That root, *Φīweriyū, gave us: Éire and Iwerddon (the Irish and Welsh names for ireland). The Greeks and Romans heard the root as Hiber and added the suffix [n]ia Éire gave rise to English Ire[land].
Lusitania till this day, is the latin word for Portugal! Lusitania was the old name of Portugal and Lusitania is still to this day a synonym for Portugal. So how would it not fit in the video? 🤷🏽♂️
@@ThrE3-GeS Lusitania isn't the latin word for Portugal, it is the name of a roman province which included a large part, but not all, the present territory of Portugal, it also included spanish Extremadura, and said name was taken from the Lusitanians that live there before the Roman conquered it. The lusitanians are considered the ancestors of the portuguese, and Luso is a prefix meaning relating to Portugal, but Lusitania is not a substitute word for the country of Portugal. That is why it Might not fit the "old name and why they changed it" theme, because the name Portugal wasn't changed from Lusitania it was created from scratch
Great video. As a Scot, I still identify with the name 'Caledonia', also our endonym, 'Alba'. Both are frequently used in Scottish art and music, so they haven't exactly fallen out of use here.
Alba, Alban and Albion are the same, all derive from a Celtic word meaning 'white', cognate with the Latin 'albus' of the same meaning. I'm afraid they are an exonym deriving from the appearance of the island of Britain from the near continent, that is, they derive from the chalk of the White Cliffs of Dover. The Picts, being original Britons, presumably used the name or had it bestowed on them. The Scots, being originally Irish from Dal Riada in Ulster, seem to have appropriated it from the Picts when the MacAlpin dynasty absorbed the Pictish kingdoms of Cat, Fortrenn and Fib.
The name Castile/Castilla left its mark through the word “Castellano,” which is still used to refer to the Spanish language in Spanish. Castellano is the demonym of Castile in Spanish, and also the name of the language that came from there :D
When Im addressing languages issues of Europe versus The Americas I say Castellano for Spain (always clarifying it has nothing to do with Catalan), and Espan(y)ol for Western Hemipshere.
@@ZakhadWOWThat seems odd to me, because AFAIK Castellano isn't the only dialect of Spanish in Spain, and the American dialects of Spanish differ wildly. Though, I don't know the values of the differences within Spain vs. Latin America.
The part about Bohemia/Czechia is very inprecise. The Czechs never called themselves "Bohemians", as some commentors pointed out. I think we can cleary put a date from when "Bohemia" was no longer used: 1918, when Czechoslovakia was created and the Czechs were no longer ruled by the Austrians, with a short epilogue in the form of the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" between 1939 and 1945.
Im Czech, and its true we never called ourselves Bohemians. However Bohemia *is* still used, just not as the international name for the whole country, as it was for most of our history, but as the name of a region within the country. There is Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, that never changed.
We, Poles, call this country Czechy for time immemorial. Bohemia comes from a tribe Boyi, it was a Celtic tribe but hardly anyone knows truth whom ancient Celts of Central Europe were ethnically. These Celts were just Slavic, boyi means in all Slavic languages warriors. Also Markomans i.e. Moravians their come from the river Morava were a Slavic tribe.
@@Lechoslaw8546 What? There was massive celtic culture in Bohemia and Moravia, slavic and germanic tribes arrived much later. We dont know if the celts were "kicked" from here or simply merged with germanic and later slavic tribes, but what is known that The Markomans originated in the germanic tribe of the Suebi (Sueben in German), who lived north of Bohemia in the direction to the Baltic Sea (then known in latin as Mare Suebicum). Why are you trying to pretend that no other ethnicities than slavs are the origin of the todays Czech population?
@@milansvancara "Nazwa Czechy (cz. Čechy) pojawia się po raz pierwszy w źródłach pisanych w IX wieku." Above is a copy from Polish wikipedia, meaning the name Czechy was first recorded in scriptures in 9th century AD. English form Czechia, official since 2016, is based on Polish spelling Czechy. Bohemia is an old Latin name of same folks.
10:00 Ruthenia is still an old name for Ukraine, even on this map you can see a yellow area in Ukraine, which is called Rus' land, and that's what the original meaning was, before more territories came under Kyiv's rule, then it could have broadly applied to the territory we now know as Kievan Rus', but in ethnic sense it stayed as a name primarily for the territory of Ukraine for centuries.
There are still people that call themselves Ruthenians. E.g. the Croatian constitution lists Russians, Ukrainians and Ruthenians among Croatia's indigenous minorities, and there's over a thousand of each by the last census. Ruthenians are the primary Greek Catholic demographic in Croatia, so it could be a religion thing.
Нихуя. Ты щас взял одну единственную версию шиза Рыбакова (который писал в угоду нелюбимого тобой советского правительства). Неизвестно точно, какое из двух понятий первичное - узкое или широкое. Однако факт остаётся фактом - Русь в широком смысле употребляется чаще, и точка.
No, this term was only used for russian lands under polish and lithuanian control. Kinda. They actually called only western russian principalities of Galicia and Volyn Ruthenia, where's Kiev region, at the time a barren backwater border land, was called, get this, ukraina.
Great grandfather emigrated to US from Bohemia when part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. My father visited the region with Patton’s 3rd Army during WW2.
Your family got lucky because of things that the nazis and soviets did Like genocide (Nazis & Soviets) Forced Labor (Nazis & Soviets) Mass Rape (Soviets)
Talk about going back to one's roots. Also it shows how sometimes you can serve your birthplace much better by leaving it behind than by staying and dooming your future descendants to be nothing but helpless victims or god forbid accomplices to whoever happens to rule the region at the time.
we never called ourselves Wallachia, we called ourselves the Romanian country, Wallachia is the term used by foreigners, generally Germans and Slavs, who named us after an Italic people because we spoke a language similar to theirs
@Adrian-aTak.19 I know, that in part is why I thought it might be interesting. Neither did Romanians call themselves Dacian and neither did Dacians most likelyfor that matter. Also the same is somewhat true for the Moldavian Principalities as well, tho not to the same extent. In any way, we indeed are speaking about exonyms here.
Foreigner here... We generally learn that Romania was formed by the joining of Wallachia and Moldavia... How did Romanians see it? What were the names of those regions?
@@ABCantonese what you call wallachia we used to call "tara romaneasca". it can have a few reasons. it was conquered by the romans. and we think that the people just named it after the language. moldova wasn't conquered by the romans. chunks of transylvania were under roman control, but the name transylvania is given by the hungarians. the other name for it is ardeal, which hungarians also claim as theirs, but that is debatable. all in all, it has been debated about how "new" the term romanian is, because it doesn't appear in documents. the court documents of the principalities were written in old slavonic for quite a while. oldest quote on quote romanian writing is a letter from a merchant in the 1500s....but...there are earlier testimonies from travelers, like diplomats, explorers, merchants who say that the people said of themselves that they speak "romanesche". and that's all the wonder really, because no one can explan HOW we got latinized. because the language is latin based. and we occupy some 1/2-2/3s of the dacian teritory. but the romans never conquered that much. i've been in the mountains in the north. those valleys are conservative as hell. they had to be to survive, not just because the land is harsh, which it is, but also for defense. so how the hell did they start speaking "romanesche" when they were nowhere near the conquered lands??? there are some major plot holes in this whole story of latinization, but there is no doubt in my mind that dacians are our ancestors. not just them of course. we've had many other people come by. but all in all, we are their descendants. there are many names for subdivisions of the lands of course. like "tara barsei" or "oltenia" etc.
@@Voroniel Romanians dislike hearing it because they believe it is Hungarian propaganda designed to delegitimize their claim to Transylvania but I personally believe the most likely theory is that Romanians originated from latinized Balkan people who migrated North of the Danube in the middle ages. Wallachia was probably resettled by Romanians after being depopulated by Turkic invasions and Moldavia was resettled by Romanians who came from Transylvania after the Mongol invasions and collapse of the Golden Horde.
Correction: The Romans didn't massacre two-thirds of Dacia because we simply have no idea what happened during that war except that large numbers of Romanian slaves entered Rome afterwards.
Well, SOMEONE had to carry all this gold to Rome, right? Seriously, the Darcian conquest fueled the Roman economy for basically the rest of Trajan's rule, giving them a tiny golden age. The level of theft there cannot be overstated and makes me wonder what could have become of Darcia, if it had been allowed to grow and evolve into a medieval realm. Anyway, the name is very pretentious, because not only was much of the Original Darcian population still making up much of the Roman population, but then it got further invaded by Huns, Cumans, Perechecs and Turks, so Romania is really only spiritually inspired by the Romans
@@samsonsoturian6013 Well, maybe not under your definition. But between the two definitions: "Beneficial towards the overall prosperity of mankind" and "increasing the wealth of at least some people", I define "profitable" the second way. And this war (or rather the plunder following it) was Beneficial to Emperor Trajan, his family, generals and various Roman enterprises that he brought stuff from.
9:50 you didn't mention any other name of Ukraine throughout time. Kraina (U-kraine) literally means country in Ukrainian, and in old Ukrainian there's another version of a country Oukraina, idk what it means, but since old Ukrainian similar to current one, it feels like it means Oh-Ukraine, oh my country, oh my beautiful land.
It actually means "by the country", "near the country" ("у краины", "краина" - the country, or "okraina", "окраина" - the outskirts). Technically, the lands that are known as Ukraine today were the western borderlands of the Russian Empire
For Ukraine, it's important to mention, that Ruthenia was an intermediate name used by some foreigners. In old maps, "Russia" is roughly as often as Ruthenia. The core land of the Dominion of the Rus was Kyiv and Lviv, the rest were conquered later, so Ukraine is the historic Russia, quite like current day Lithuania is the historic Lithuanian core land, even though there once was a country called Poland-Lithuania which encompassed Smolensk and Dnipro.
Rus started from Novgorod. Kiev entered later. Yes, the capital was moved there, but later, Rus quickly split into many separate principalities. After the arrival of the Tatars, Kiev ceased to be a significant city. In fact, it was Novgorod Rus that was the longest continuator of ancient Rus.
@@Yaroslav_Rus Rus existed at least two centuries prior to Novgorod (which was est. circa 980s), read your own Wikipedia, товарищ. Novgorodians never called themselves Rus. At least not until Moscow province of Mongolia annexed the city. And Kyiv never lost its significance even under short-lived Mongol occupation.
Greek name for Rus proper was 'Rosia" (later this name stolen by Moscovites), Latin name for Rus was 'Ruthenia'. People called themselves Rusyn, plural Rusyns (Ruthenians)
@@Yaroslav_RusThis "version" is broadly spread by today's russia just to prove they have the right on the ukrainian land and on the name of Rus. No way!
I really love and appreciate the historical background of this and your other videos. BTW, seeing the face with the voice makes the video more personal and humanistic. I have a face made for radio and a voice made for silent films.
@@martinsriber7760 Isn't that basically the same thing? Nation states are a relatively new concept. Bohemia and its translations were widely used for that region for centuries.
The name "dacia" is quite a meme here in romania due to how we perceive the cars named dacia (produced by us) as terrible quality and old. Like if you tell a kid or even someone who barely knows history that this region was called dacia, they will 90% laugh
In Croatia and partly in Slovenia there was an "Illyrian movement" but only as an alternative because at that time there was a crude attempt at Magyarization and the Croatian language and Croatian names were tried to be banned. Also for the same reason the official language in Croatia was Latin.
I like some of your content, but you have to do more research! The fact that the name Illyria was used in the Middle Ages for a couple of kingdoms in modern day Croatia, the Yugoslavs have little to no connection to the ancient Illyrians. You should read about the Slavic migration during the 7th and 8th century AD. They were descendants of the Kievan Rus which sought more temperate climates by moving south into the Balkans. You mentioned one of the reasons why Illyria as a name completely disappeared: The Ottomans and their complete domination over the Balkanic people. While the Romans and Byzantines respected various cultures and peoples, giving them autonomy, freedom of religion and freedom to teach their language and customs. The second reason is the Slavs, which both fought and intermingled with Illyrians, Thracians, Greeks but ultimately turned the balkans into their own kingdom and sought to eliminate the culture and language of the peoples that lived there before their arrival. Many historians believe that modern Albanians are the descendants of the Illyrians, or better say, the Albanian language (which is a branch of its own, with no connection to Greek, Romance or Slavic languages) is the descendant of the Illyrian language/s. I find some of your videos offensive when you intentionally or unintentionally trample on various ethnicities, languages and peoples, by omitting facts or by having done little research and half assing your way through these videos. I will remain subscribed and I have faith in you. Thanks for reading to the end and accepting critic.
I agree. I've watched several of his videos and have found that most of them are riddled with errors. He seems to just do the bare minimum, which is sad (and annoying) for a channel that has the work "knowledge" in it title.
Isn't Dacia maybe a bit far fetched for Romania? I'm saying this considering most of the countries mentioned in the video (except probably Croatia) are somehow related to the current state; while there isn't really a direct correlation between Dacia and Romania (not talking about the people, that's another debate, I'm talking about the statehood continuity). By this logic you could've included basically any European country as most of them had other names during that period, like Ireland for example, known as Hibernia by the Romans. A better example could've been Wallachia, as it was the exonym of a proper Romanian country (and not Dacian) and that's how most people called it (though it is true that in Romanian it's always been Romania but again, it's an exonym, we don't know how the Dacians called themselves either).
he intended to make a video specifically on this "all of Europe with old vs new names" and how some were exonyms and some endonyms. Dacia is one of the names. there is also Getia.(it also depends on location and time. for example, Burebista's was a Getian with his capital in Argedava. Decebalus was a Dacian with his capital in Sarmisegetusa. so Dacian was 80% thracian 10% iranic 10% other. Getian was 65% thracian 25% iranic 10% other. as archaeology and descriptions show that their cuktures kind if tended in this direction. the Getians were closer to the east and to the iranic Roxolani. while the Dacians were mostly in the Carpathians) as i said in my own comment the population might have used "daha" and "geta" to call themselves. and Dacia was also a somewhat centralised kingdom. and there is a connection between Dacians to Daco-Romans to Romanians.(even though turkics, germanics, slavics and uralics came and intermarried) what more is there to say?
related question: when did the region of former yugoslavia became slavic? were the previous population substituted by a new one? or did the culture just changed and started using slavic languages and traditions? the reason i ask is because it's funny that the south slavics are geographicaly separated from the rest of the slavic peoples and at the same time the romanian and moldavian are separated from the latin countries of today. it feel like romania should be where yugoslavia was and yugoslavia should be where romania is, i guess lol
@@lazyboy300 the slavs migrated out of the slavic homeland(east Poland, north Ukraine, Belarus) in the 6th century because of population growth. those that invaded southern Europe searched for "the rich provonces of the Eastern Romans which were so famous to others". they found the latins(illyro-romans) and illyrians of Illyria to have had been relatively depleted by wars and plagues so they 1. assimilated them in the following decades in the valleys 2. made them retreat to the Illyrian mountains which will lead to their assimilation in the following centuries 3. forced them to migrate south to coast(or the illyrians like the northern albanians to shift a bit southward being crowded with the southern albanians) the croats looked for the coastline, the slovenes came on to the Alps trying to see how the relations with the italo-romans(mostly the Italians of Venice) woul be. the serbs-bosniaks-montenegrins willfocus on the Albanians and later the Romanians(after they conquered Belgrade from the Bulgarians. which themselves conquered from the illyro-romans early on. and there is also the Magyar rule as well) the illyro-romans called themselves an evolution of "romanus", and that is "romini". currently they are bellow 2.000 speakers.(also the hellenics call them "mauro-vlahoi", "black latins" black representing the northern cardinal. they h4te that name. especially the other pronounciation "morlac" which is used by the slavs. imagine losing your land to sl4vic imperialists and instead of your native romanus-romin they call you maurovlahoi-morlac. i would get angry as well) the Romanians are the daco-romans that resisted better in the Carpathians because "the main targets" were Illyria and Thrace. they call themselves "români"("moldovean" is a regional identity. if you think "moldovan" is different you are probably playing into Russian pr0paganda) and for the daco-romans that have been captured in a Magyar raid in Dacia in the 11th century and migrated to Istria, "rumâr".(Romanians are estimated at 25 to 30 million. with 2.000 Istro-Romanians) the thraco-romans of today's Bulgaria were once living in central Bulgaria but at some point they migrated southward. they call themselves "aromâni"(Aromanians). there are also "Lumnicera-Romanians" or Megleno-Romanians. Aromanians are estimated at 400.000. Megleno-Romanians at 3000.
@@lazyboy300 """"""the slavs migrated out of the slavic homeland(east Poland, north Ukraine, Belarus) in the 6th century because of population growth. those that invaded southern Europe searched for "the rich provonces of the Eastern Romans which were so famous to others". they found the latins(illyro-romans) and illyrians of Illyria to have had been relatively depleted by wars and plagues so they 1. assimilated them in the following decades in the valleys 2. made them retreat to the Illyrian mountains which will lead to their assimilation in the following centuries 3. forced them to migrate south to coast(or the illyrians like the northern albanians to shift a bit southward being crowded with the southern albanians) the croats looked for the coastline, the slovenes came on to the Alps trying to see how the relations with the italo-romans(mostly the Italians of Venice) woul be. the serbs-bosniaks-montenegrins willfocus on the Albanians and later the Romanians(after they conquered Belgrade from the Bulgarians. which themselves conquered from the illyro-romans early on. and there is also the Magyar rule as well) the illyro-romans called themselves an evolution of "romanus", and that is "romini". currently they are bellow 2.000 speakers.(also the hellenics call them "mauro-vlahoi", "black latins" black representing the northern cardinal. they h4te that name. especially the other pronounciation "morlac" which is used by the slavs. imagine losing your land to sl4vic imperialists and instead of your native romanus-romin they call you maurovlahoi-morlac. i would get angry as well) the Romanians are the daco-romans that resisted better in the Carpathians because "the main targets" were Illyria and Thrace. they call themselves "români"("moldovean" is a regional identity. if you think "moldovan" is different you are probably playing into Russian pr0paganda) and for the daco-romans that have been captured in a Magyar raid in Dacia in the 11th century and migrated to Istria, "rumâr".(Romanians are estimated at 25 to 30 million. with 2.000 Istro-Romanians) the thraco-romans of today's Bulgaria were once living in central Bulgaria but at some point they migrated southward. they call themselves "aromâni"(Aromanians). there are also "Lumnicera-Romanians" or Megleno-Romanians. Aromanians are estimated at 400.000. Megleno-Romanians at 3000."""""
You messed up with Czechia - in all slavic languages it is called that way from the very beggining. Thats because it is the name of the people that created this state. Name Bohemia was latin name for the region - in older days it was common to refer to countries in their latin names, for example Poland was called Sarmatia, France was called Gallia, etc. And Czechia is also the name of the same area as Bohemia, so the state of Czechia contains Czechia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. In early medieval there were state called Great Moravia (based in Moravia) that also contained both Czechia and Moravia.
@@Melodeath00 The Czech lands could not be ruled by the Germans, as the Germans first emerged as a political force only at the end of the Napoleonic Wars (as a newly established nation they were therefore quite aggressive). The lands of the Czech Crown were de facto and legally independent of the Holy Roman Empire - which was confirmed, among others, by the Golden Bull of Sicily from 1212 or the Golden Bull of Charles IV from 1356 (the Roman king could not interfere in Czech affairs: he could not install a king on a vacant throne - this was the right of the Czech Diet, he could not recruit an army here and collect taxes, they did not pay Roman laws here, etc.). The Czechs themselves felt like Germans until the 19th century, but exclusively in a regional sense - when the German nation emerged and began to use this term for themselves in a different sense (very similar to Russians and Russia), the Czechs stopped calling themselves Germans.
No, never say that fucking again. The state of Czechia contains BOHEMIA, MORAVIA AND (CZECH) SILESIA. The reason why the name Czechia was chosen is because English differentiates Bohemia from Czechia. Czechia is the name for the whole state, not for Bohemia.
I'm from Poland and i've never heard that Czech was or is called Bohemia. But there is one problem with what you said. Every kid here knows about the legend of Lech, Czech and Rus. Long story short it says that those are 3 brothers, who started their own kingdooms: Lech started Poland (from Lechici if I'm correct), Rus started Russia (or lets day Ruś Kijowska, now Ukraine) and Czech started Czech. Polish wikipedia says that first apearance of this legend was in 1222, much, much earlier than you said in the film
11:07 Ukrainians started using this name more to distance themselves from russians, so the name "Ruthenians" was used longer on territories not controlled by russia (in Galicia and Zakarpattia)
Not true, it is a latin exonym. a word used in latin texts. Galicia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia were controlled by catholic monarchies, that is why they have a latin name.
I’ve been trying to figure out for a while why I don’t like the new format as much. I think I just figured it out. The old videos had snappy editing that kept a swift pace throughout the video. The animation style was inherently speedy. The new format is much slower paced. It might help if you spoke at the same speed you did in the animated videos to keep the pacing more consistent and keep the script moving along
The term Bohemia is the same as Hungary. There used to be Huns in Hungary and the Boi in Bohemia, but both of those people are gone and were gone for the entire medieval history where those two countries were defined. People speaking western languages should realize that Hungarians are not Huns but Magyars and that Bohemia isn't a different thing from Czech Republic. I often find these pro-german wehraboos online who disassociate czechs from the medieval kingdom, but it is simply false as in any slavic text from that kingdom, it is called the Czech Kingdom, Czech crown, lands of the Czech crown etc. The Magyars and the Czechs never called themselves the old names and never claimed that past. The word for Bohemia is Čechy which means a land of Czechs. Word for the country is Česko which means a country of Czechs (english way of forming that word would be Czechland i guess). A surprising lot of modern names comes from medieval lack of knowledge and travel. Like the Dutch being taken from Deutch which is what all germanic people call themselves in their native languages. Or the Hungary issue.
Tell me about it...There is this one I guess german kunt in the comments spewing absolute bulshit about germans ruling there and always living there etc...
Beyond the fact that in Czech language there is no so-much clear distinction between adjectives referring to what is "bohemian" and what is "Czech", the fact is that the medieval and modern word "Bohemia" and "Bohemian" referred originallly only to the quadrangolar-shaped region where Prag is. But the medieval and modern Kingdom of Bohemia (within the Holy Roman Empire before, and the Empire of Austria subsequently) owned more than Bohemia: also the so-called Lands of the Crown of Bohemia (also Moravia, Silesia until it fell under Prussian power -- except for a little part, divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia in 20th century -- and Lusatia, until it fell under German power). When the Empire of Austria fell down in the end of WW1 (and the Crown of Bohemia too, being held by the same Habsburg monarch being emperor of Austria), a new State (Czechslovakia) was formed on ethno-linguistic (slavic) bases, joining lands which had been owned by the empire of Austria (the regions forming todays' Czech Republic) and lands (Slovakia) which had been owned by the Crown of Hungary. The huge linguistic minorities (German-speakers, Hungarians, Carpatho-rutenian Ukrainians) were ignored, and the differences between Czech and Slovak languages were under-extimated. However, a need was felt for a new name expressing the ethno-linguistic (bi)national nature of the new country, instead of pure geographical names. So, the first part (Czecho--) of the new-created words "Czechoslovakia" and "Czechoslovak" began to be used, derived from the Czech word ("Čech" as a name for a person, "Český" as an adjective in the masculine nominative singular, "Čeština" for the language) for the ethnicity. After WW2, the expulsion of the Germans, the communist federal union of Czechoslovakia before, the downfall of communism then and the split from Slovakia, created a reality in which the ethnic national nature of the country had increased even more, and it appeared obvious calling it "Czech republic" before (and "Czechia" only informally), until time was felt come to declare the was "Czechia" (in Czech language: "Ćesko") official. Also considering that other region different from Bohemia (Moravia and the remaining little part of Silesia) still are parts of the country and Czech-speaking. Fun fact, however, a greatly different Czech word for the region of "Bohemia" still doesn't exist, since the Czech word for the region (Čechy, not to be confused with the adjective "Český") comes from the same root of "Čech".
so a few things(some are corrections): 1. the ethnonyms Dacian and Getian might not really be of local origin(which we know as "the northern branch of the proto-thracians"), but came about with the iranic Agathirsi invasion around 600BC. in the forms of "daha" and "geta". besides the intermarriage, a cultural revolution occured that gave those populations those ethnonyms, made them adopt some iranic words and rituals. 2. Dacia is pronounced supposedly in proper Latin as "dah kee ah", but we in Romania prefer "dah tchee ah". 3. Dacia was the closest to a centralised state that the Romans encountered in Europe(besides the Hellenic states/city states) 4. the Dacian casualties during and after the war were great, but not THAT great, and a huge concentration of local genes remained. 5. the Roman colonists bearing the "romanus" name arrived in 106AD, but the move that will comsolidate the ethnonym for the next 1.800 years will be Constitutio Antoniniana of 212AD, that gave roman citizenship to every free man in the empire. 6. in the middle ages, the statal entities would be named "terra romanesque"/"țară românească".(the germanic exonym "wallach" and the refusal of Eastern Rome and the Holy Roman Empire to adress us properly, which is understandable because they already called themselves "greeks" or "franks/lombards/goths", will have us use Wallachia or Vlashko in church slavonic documents. it was slavonic because 1. lingua sancta 2. language of the clerks and educated elite like latin for Germans, Magyars, czechs, poles, croats) 7. "România" is a change of formula. X-ia versus terra X-esque. as i said about ERE and HRE earlier, this version got too close to Basileia Rhomaion or Romania. and we also tended to use more the terra version anyway. 8. every Romanian land had "țara românească" in its name. Moldavia's full name was "Țara Românească a Moldovei" and in chronicles it was "Moldo-wallachia". and the eastern Carpathians were known as "ținuturile româneşti/valahe sub coroana maghiară"(Romanian/Wallachian realms under Magyar crown)
In the Caribbean, Puerto Rico was previously known as the island of Saint John the Baptist. And you could go even before that to the indigenous names too
Illiria and Croatia are different. Illirians are the indigenous population that existed during the Roman times before the Slavic migrations in the 6/7 centuries. Croatia is a name of the country populated predominantly by the Slavic population that replaced/mixed with the Illirians during and after these migrations. There is a school of thought that the original Croats actually came from the area between south-eastern Ukraine and north-western Iran, and were a small warrior elite that merged with the large Slavic population already there to form the Croatian state (see "Tanay Tablets" in Wikipedia). This is similar with the ethnogenesis of Bulgaria (Bulgars) or Hungary (Magyars). Croatia existed MUCH earlier than the 19th century. Croatia was a Duchy already in the 8/9th century and a kingdom in the 10th century (925), until it formed a personal union (2 countries, 1 king) with Hungary and later the two united with Austria (Habsburgs). Under the Habsburgs they enjoyed a significant autonomy which allowed them to preserve their identity. Croatia is celebrating 1100 years of existence this year (2025). The name Illiria/illirians was used on/off for historic regional reference (most notably by Napoleon and later by the nationalist "Illirian movement" in the 19th century). However, it does not align with Croatia or the Croatian people.
That part of the country was always known as Čechy... it was only the western countries that kept calling us bohemians. It was never a bohemian kingdom (in czech language), it was a czech kingdom. So no, it didnt change. At some point western countries just finally started to call us by our actual name.
Thanks for actually explaining the question I had and thought would be answered in the video. But I think they didn't even understand or what's worse didn't know this simple fact that Bohemia is just a Latin translation of the original slavic name. It just shows again how incomplete the knowledge of some people is. Nothing wrong with that, but then better to learn instead of posting videos.
The REAL reason is that Bohemia refers only to a region, while Czech Republic / Czechia refers to a larger reality, including also Moravia and a little remaing part of Silesia. The issue "our name to call ourselves and our country versus other peoples way to do it" doesn't really count. The existence of endonyms and exonyms and the difference between them is something normal and natural. Should by chance the Deutsche (German) inhabitants of Deutschland (Germany) feel worried, or insulted, or in some way diminished because they and their country are called "Germans" and "Germany" by English-speakers, "allemands" and "Allemagne" by French-speakers, "tedeschi" e "Germania" by Italian-speakers, "németek" and "Németország" by Hungarian-speakers, "saksalaiset" and "Saksa" in Finnish, "vācieši" and "Vācija" in Latvian, "德国人 Déguó rén" and "德国 Déguó" in Chinese, and so on?
@@leisen9679 Naaa... the Latin name existed BEFORE the arrival of Slavs in those lands, and it was derived (in antiquity) from the Celtic name of Galli Boii, living there before Germanic and Slavic tribes and before Roman-Marcomannic wars.
Bulls***. Castile is occupying the Catalan countries, Galiza and Euskal Herria. Why don't people in Madrid speak Catalan while Castillian is forced on the oppressed Galizans, Euskaldunaks and Catalans, if it's an union and not Castile's colonies?
@秋の色-k8w because having a country of many languages is dumb and they've been part of Spain for hundreds of years at this point. Spain should really put more effort in assimilating those groups or move them out.
@generalknowledge: Hi! I was wondering about the christmas decoration behind you in this video (the billy goat made from hay and red ribbons). They are traditional in Scandinavia, particullarly Sweden, and I was curious if you have a connection to Sweden/Scandinavia or there was just a more random explanation for you having it. No matter, it's nice to see northern traditions at more southern locations... 😃
Bohemia was until 1918 used not only as the name of the region (KIngdom of Bohemia or Bohemia proper), but also as the name of the whole country (Crown of Bohemia). The Czechs were known as Bohemians and the Czech language was known as the Bohemian language. Moravia was conquered in the 11th century and became an integral part of Bohemia. Only later on it gained an autonomy as a margraviate and was no longer considered part of Bohemia proper. "Czechia" also had throughout centuries both of these two meanings. The difference between Bohemia and Czechia is essentially exonym vs. endonym. It therefore falls in the category of Persia/Iran or Siam/Thailand. Fun fact: Czechoslovakia was originally supposed to be called Bohemia. Only after Slovak representatives disagreed, the new name "Czechoslovakia" was coined. If Slovaks weren't joining the country in 1918, Czechia would have been called Bohemia to this day.
Indeed, "Thailand" is not fully an endonym, containing the English word "land". The endonym is "Prathet Thai" in Thai llanguage (more officially: "Ratcha-anachak Thai" = "Thai Kingdom").
It wouldn't be called Bohemia, the name in 1993 was actually proposed to be Bohemia-Moravia. If the Slovaks weren't supposed to join, it would be Bohemia-Moravia.
@@HunterShowsTo exclude Moravia and Silesia even more? Well damn, the Sudetenland would certainly not be the only ones eager to run to Germany. Not only Slovakia but also Moravia with Silesia now...
Kievan Rus could hardly be described as an 'East Slavic state'.. it was a Norman/Varangian state founded in the majority East Slavic (and Finnic) teritorries. Similarly, Bohemia evolved into a medieval state of (mainly) Germanic political culture and climate, albeit one with a majority West Slavic speaking populace. Select cultural features of the overall population aren't the thing which really matters in the end. It is the element that is able to establish and maintain, which should primarily meet the eye of a serious and educated scholar.
It was founded by Vikings, but then it was organized and controlled by Kyivan tribe which was called Polans. After Christianization Vikings were assimilated completely, and Ukrainian/Slavic culture was dominating.
if u are such and scholar, then u should know what u said is just one theory and there is other theory of no varangian influence in Rus state, and the second theory already seems a lot more plausible than the fantasy land fairy tale story u wrote.
Correction: Kievan Rus did not break up after the Mongol invasion simply because there never was a unified Kievan Rus. It was like the Holy Roman Empire that it was a patchwork of overlapping sovereign states.
Yes, and Kyivan Rus' is only a 19th century term. Back in the day there was simply Rus' or Land of Rus' that was located around 3 main cities: Kyiv, Chernihiv, Pereyaslav - all in Central Ukraine. All other territories simply paid tribute to Kyiv prince but weren't considered as Rus' in the chronicles.
@@samsonsoturian6013like nobility throughout Europe. Two branches of Hohenzollerns, one Catholic, one Protestant. The former ruled Ansbach and eventually Romania. The latter ruled Brandenburg, Prussia, and eventually the German Empire. Let’s not start on the German royal house that still has Britain and Belgium and historically Portugal, Bulgaria and Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Being a Rurik prince doesn’t make you any more Rus than being Saxe-Coburg-Gotha could make Albert I of Belgium German.
@@samsonsoturian6013 yes, if we consider the Vladimir-Suzdal branch constantly pushing their nonsensical claims on Rus from Yuri Long-Arm to Ivan the Terrible. All the while Rus had passed on to the Poles and Lithuanians and was more or less fine with them until the Vasa dynasty pushed Catholicism and Polanisation a little too much.
The Canadian province of Nova Scotia is Latin for New Scotland. It’s the only large region in North America with a Latin name. The Germans used to call it New Scotland (Neuschottland) tho, instead of the Latin. However, that’s usually not the case nowadays.
Well, and don't get confused with the island of New Caledonia, East of Australia! 😀😂 I don't really want to mention the former district of the Hudson's Bay Company, which was in the region of today's Canadian province British Columbia: This district was also named NEW CALEDONIA! 😂😂
Wow, only 15 seconds in and suddenly something from decades ago makes sense. I was playing a game that had Gaul on the map, and was always mildly confused about it.
Thera are at least 2 missconceptions in this video regrarding Chechia and Ukraine. 1. Bohemia is a latin name for that region but Czechia (or Czechy) is a slavic name and it was alwas around. So it's more like Persia-Iran situation, not actual name change. 2. Similar case with Ruthenia which is Latin name for Rus. It's a little more complicated and it's also similar to Hispania exampe. Modern day Russia is just an evolution of the word Rus so the name is still in use. After mongol invasion Rus didn't vanished and the title of pricipality of Ruthenia (even Kingdom for short time) was still in use by rulers around city of Lviv. This title was later in 14 century inherit by polish king and was used by him and his descendants as third most important title king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia and others. The region of modern day Ukraine and part of Russia were always called as Rus and people who live there as Rusky or Rusyns. In 18 century Poland recognized Muscovy as Russia and it's claims to that name.
@@wladjarosz345 Former Rus was not only modern Ukraine but also Belarus and significant part of european Russia. Muscovy and Novogorod was also a part of Rus. Overall Rus divide multiple times and unite multiple time even before Mongol invasion. Lithuania, Muscovy, Novogorod and Galicia-Volhynia were the most known successors of former Rus and they fought over that who will unite all others principalities. That's why I wrote that it was similar to Spain. Overall the longest the title of Ruthenia was held by Polish-Lithuanians monarchs even descendent of Rurikovich dynasty became once a king of PLC. Almost all great dynasties of former Rus became Lithuanian (today Belarusian), Polish or Russian. I don't know any example that ruthenian nobility did consider themselves Ukrainian now. Modern Ukrainian culture is product of cultures of ruthenian peasants and burghers of cities like Kyjiv. There is also known topic of how in 17 and 18 century Muscovy "stole" a lot of Kyievan culture to presents themselves as "true" successor of Rus but that's a topic for another discussion.
@hugon3895 the former Rus was located on the north part of modern Ukraine - nothing more and nowhere else! e.g. chronic from 1141: "...from Novgorod to Rus..."
@@wladjarosz345 Sure, Rus was partitioned since 1054 as many others countries at this period. Before that Rus was spread from Finland to Moldova. Kiev was a center of power but not unimouse with Rus. The same was in Poland, HRE, France, England, Italy or Spain. No one is telling English from Newcastle that this is not true England because they weren't part of Wessex. I don't know what you are trying to achieve by that statement because if you really try to use title continuity argument than the most right to title of Rus would have today Russia or Poland, not Ukraine. Portugal once refused to accept that Castilian King crown himself as King of Spain because it wasn't a king of Portugal so he couldn't been called a king of Spain. It didn't change the reality that we now have Spain as a country. Today we have two seperate Irelands or the case where both Lithuania and Belarus claimed that their are rightful heirs to Grand Duchy of Lithuania or similar case with Greeks and Italians which claim their Roman heritage etc... Compare to those examples the Ukraine claim of not only being a Rus but the only Rus is really poor one. What would be next, that Ukraine is the only true Slavic state and no other nation can claim that?
Is mostly Albania who is closest to Illyrian rather than any other country, be it language, culture, genes, etc. Illyria even has a meaning in Albanian language, it means free man ‘i lire’
Nor Romanians with Dacia and Dacians. At least Dalmatia and Croatia were referred to as "Illyria" and "Illyricum" in Latin sometimes even during the renaissance, the whole Dacian thing on the other hand is a 19th century nationalist feverdream.
Illyria belonged to the ancient illyrian people, which had their own language, culture and so on. They got assimilated, everything that remains from them are basically the genes and quite some connections to mostly albanian.
No thanks to the slavic invasions of the 6th century, displacing and forcibly assimilating older more advanced cultures, at a time when they were at their weakest. The Balkans were never more united or at their most tolerant then they were under the Romans. Diocletian's war on Christianity being the exception.
Bohemia is before Austria Hungary whos is Before WW1, who is before Czechoslovacia, who is befor WW2, who is before Czeck Republic, who is before Czechia. But Czeck Republic is a lourd name, so everyone in common language named Czeck Republic as Czechia from 1945 to nowdays. It is normal you called it also ! It is like China and Taiwan. True name of China is Popular Republic of China, and ture name of Taiwan is Republic of China. But it is far easier to name PRC just Chine, and because Republic of China control only Taiwan island, and PRC is already nicknamed China, Republic of China is nicknamed Taiwan. The true name are never used in these cases, and Like we use China and Taiwan, we used the nickname Czechia when his name was Czeck Republic
@@erdood3235 no. Official name in whatever you lived was Czech Republic. but everyone nicknamed Czechia becaus easier to say. nickname don't want to say you think it's name is that. For example stupid people nickname France "Baguette", because it is our most known food the Frensh bread baguette. But they know we are France and not "Baguette". In France offical name was République Tchèque, but it was common, when talking aubout it, we nicknamed it Tchéquie because easier to say.
Castilla is a term that was never abandoned. It still stands as one of the most important regions of Spain. In fact, most spaniards state that they speak castilian (castellano) rather than spanish (español), because the language originated there.
Ruthenia is a shared heritage of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, just like Carolingian Empire is a shared heritage of France, Germany, Italy and Benelux countries
Got to scrap Italy out of that. France probably soon too as it has become fashionable for the French to act as if France = Latinized Gaul and deny there ever having been any Germanic shenanigan going on in their ´precious Gaul‘ even though the terms France and French are directly based on a Germanic tribe 😂😂
Only that Ruthenians were Orthodox Christians. Which rules out Ukrainians and a part of Belarusians - two anyway dodgy nationalities largely shaped out much like the Yugoslav ones.... in the 20th century.
The inhabitants of Ruthenia called their land Rus. Rus is the common heritage of BelaRUSians and Ukrainians. Russia (Muscovy until the 18th century) claims that it is also the heir, but this is a lie. A thief is not the heir of stolen property. Similarly, an empire is not the heir of enslaved territories.
The word Ukraine has its own meaning and it is not the only area with that name. It means that something at the end (of the territory) is the border of the empire. Those who guarded the borders of the empire lived there. In the case of today's Ukraine, it was the border of the Russian Empire. For example, today's Croatia was the border of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and there was (U) Krajina. It's just that here they were Serbs and Croats and they didn't become something else, that is, they didn't change their nationality. Krajina did not become a separate state. Each empire had its border guards who lived on the border (U Krajina) of the empire, but here, due to the similarity of the language, the name is similar and even the same, while in some third examples it is of course different. Due to special circumstances, Ukraine became a state and over time developed a special identity and language, but it is hard to deny that they were Russians.
I will also try to conclude to the Bohemia - Czechia discussion. The present day Czechia consists of three parts - Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Bohemia doesn't make up the whole of the Czech republic, it is just one of the three territories. In the past, the three territories were also not called "Bohemia" but the "Lands of the Czech crown" and it is much the same today with the Czech republic. Also, many people who live on the Moravian territory see themselves specifically as Moravians rather than Czechs and they often make distinctions between the country they live in, Czechia, and the territory, Bohemia, which they don't see as theirs. So it makes sense that the country wanted to dissociate itself from the term Bohemia and create a new inclusive name. In the Czech language, Bohemia is called Čechy. This way, the term Česko makes more sense, as it is quite similar to the name of the original territory. It also explains why the change from Bohemia to Czechia happened to people who only know the English terms, which do not sound similar at all. I would say the video covers the problematic quite well. Hope this helps!
Switzerland is a funny case. Helvetia is actually a new term, not an old term as it was reintroduced by Napoleon who had based it on a people that used to live there in ancient time but had long ceased to exist there. Its based on an old people, but the term itself is not old. The term Switzerland is actually older.
not only do the names of countries and regions change over time, many of them also have different names in different languages which can make it even more confusing.
As for Rus, one of the arguments why Ukrainians have the right to inherit the legacy of Rus is the fact that both the territories and the people associated with the "brand" Ruthenia were historically associated only with the small lands of Rus, which are today Ukraine. Although the territories of Belarus and modern Russia were part of Rus, only the southern principalities (Kyiv, Chernihiv and Volyn-Galician) were the leading principalities of Rus, while the others simply paid tribute and submitted to the Mongol invasion of Rus. The works of Arab historians, such as "The Borders of the World" for example, can serve as confirmation of my words.
Polack didn't fall under Mongols, under very long Rurik's subbranch in Polack (descendants of Rahvałod through Rahnieda, and hers son from Uładzimir -> Iziasłaŭ which was kind of banned/disinherited by Uładzimir) were very autonomous and didn't participate in stair-inheritance system of the rest of Ruś, which form system much more similar to European feudal. It is one of the most important pillar of Belarusian state then.
Bohemia always was an exonym. Czechs themselves, deriving their heritage from the legendary brothers Czech and Lech, with Lech becoming the ancestor of the Polish, were always calling their homeland Czechia.
Interesting but I think entire topic is wrongly presented. Romania, Spain, Czechia sure could be but rest of examples are extreamly small connection between original name/country and current one. Ilyria has completely different culture and people then current slavic croats, ruthenia was short living state and has even longer connection then lithuania (in the same land).
Interestingly, name of Russia is partly an old historical revisionism (in a bad sense), before late 17th century/early 18th century "Russia" almost never referred to the lands under Moscow's rule, but rather to the historical lands of Rus', which were mostly under Lithuania and/or Poland. This rewriting of history began with establishment of Russian Empire, and was especially intense under Catherine II, tho a lot of people still called Russia Muscovy/Muscovia well into 19th century. There's a French map from 1868 by Casimir Delamarre that said "Between Muscovy and Poland, lie the Russians, whose name Muscovites usurped by conquering them." Or Moscovia by Antonio Possevino from 1587, and I'm gonna wrote few lines because for me they're pretty funny showing this attitude of russians that seemingly didn't change in 5 centuries: "This attitude has led the Grand Princes of Muscovy to refer to themselves in their speeches, their rescripts, and on their coinage as Lords of All Russia, even though much of what they call Russia is in the hands of the Polish King. In addition to the list of titles he desires to use, such as Tsar of Kazan and Astrakhan, the present prince, Ivan Vasilyevich, when writing to the Turks has on occasion ordered himself called Emperor of Germany as well. When coveting Livonia and casting an eye on Prussia, Ivan claimed that he was descended from a brother of Augustus Ceasar called Prus [...]". Giving yourself titles based on the lands you rule over is nothing out of the ordinary, which is why a large number of Polish kings held the title of King/Grand Duke of Russia, but russians or rather Muscovites were just next level of copeing.
your opinion about Kievan Rus and Ruthenia is correct and fully reasoned. It is not appropriate to call Kyivan Rus' the ancestor of Muscovy, and the name "Russia" is stolen in order to attribute the medieval state of Rus to itself. But, an interesting fact: Ukrainians who live near the Carpathians are still called Rusyns, and I personally also sometimes call myself a Rusyn, as a descendant of the medieval Kyivan state
Explore the diverse landscapes of European countries with this interactive geography map! From the towering Alps to the sprawling plains, discover how each country's terrain shapes its culture and history.
You might have covered Dalmatia instead of Illyria, as Illyria covers an area that today has several countries while Dalmatia is mostly owned by Croatia today.
"Kievan" Rus is a term that was coined very recently during the Soviet times mainly to distinguish it from earlier "Novgorodian" Rus that emerged after Nordic tribes took control over the population of modern North Eastern Russia that was multiethnic (Uralic, Slavic and Baltic in pretty equal proportions). Many researchers link the word "Rus" to the Finnish term for Sweden - "Ruotsi", indicating the Viking/Varangian rule over the new country that later expanded southward. Ukraine, Belarus and Russia are equal successors of that state and your biased opinion that other countries have less claim to this ancestry than Ukraine because Kyiv/Kiev was its (late) capital is completely ill-intended.
@@reddimine Ukraine would've had "the" if territory of Russia was a giant ocean than, if Ukraine would've been Peninsula you could say "The Ukraine". But as it stands today, Ukraine is sovereign country. Ukraine means "In country" "U-in, Kraine-country"
@@sircatangry5864 but hey i know u are an american and u didnt even know that ukraine existed and you found out about it like a year ago, but that doesnt make you expert at anything, go read more wikipedia pages... LOL
Bohemia is derived from the ancient term 'Boiohaemum' which means 'Mountains of the Boii', the Boii being a Celtic tribe. Modern Czechia includes both Bohemia and Moravia, which is why it is not Bohemia - QED. Both Bohemia and Moravia were former kingdoms. John the Blind or John of Luxembourg, was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50. Blind as he was, he had his companions lead his horse up to the English lines, where, predictably, he and his companions were killed. His gallantry, however, led the Black Prince to adopt his insignia of feathers and motto 'Ich Dien' (I serve), which remain in use by the Prince of Wales to this day. There is a lot of heat, presumably from Czech nationalists, about it always being Czechia. This is largely nonsense, the people were always Czechs, but a people is not always a geographical or political entity. The Czechs, and plenty of Germans, prior to 1945, lived in the geographical districts of Bohemia and Moravia, not in a geographical entity known as Czechia. The political control changed a lot over time from 'Great Moravia' through Carolingian Frankish overlordship to Bohemia being a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire, through The Hapsburg Empire and then Czechoslovakia ending with Czech Republic and Czechia. If Czechia was an old geographical or political term, why were its kings called Kings of Bohemia?
@@jankolman8064 Baiuvarii, 'settlers in the Boii lands'. Haemum/haemus is mountain, as in the Haemus Mountains the Ancient Greek term for the Balkan Range. The Boii were a well-travelled and split up tribe, also found in Italy.
The term "Czech" and "Czechis" are terms from the Slavic Czech language and is therefore not often known abroad, although these terms have been used from the beginning to the present day. Czechia is considered one of the most stable state formations in Europe, lasting over 1,000 years. This state disappeared from European awareness the most in the 19th century, after the formation of the German nation, when the Austrians and the Habsburgs, who had joined this German nation, tried to divide and destroy it, because they needed it to feed them (the Austrian lands were very poor until the 20th century and only in the 60s of the 20th century did they overtake the Czechia in terms of living standards). The kings of Bohemia were the masters of Czechia, as the Austrian dukes were the masters of Austria, and the term Czech as a Slavic synonym for the term Bohemian was always used.
@@urseliusurgel4365 The word "Haemus" refers to "Mount Haemus", which refers to a mountain range in the Balkan region, known as Haemus mons, which is the ancient name for the mountain range that is now called the Balkan Mountains.
@@jankolman8064 Haemus is believed to ultimately derive from a Thracian word meaning 'salmon mountain'. The Greeks and Romans later transposed the name for the Balkan Range to similar sierras, hence Boiohaemum.
Throughout the majority of its history, Transylvania was either an independent vassal state or fully autonomous. It’s not a “Romanian map” it’s just a historical map!
It's a map of the regions inhabited by Romanians. The country didn't even exist in 1855. In the Romanian language the people had always called themselves Romanian and "Romania" essentially means land or territory of Romanians.
Czechian Rhapsody just doesn't have the same ring to it.
It would just be "Czech Rhapsody" but I agree.
Before singing the Bohemian Rhapsody you better do a mic czech.
@@vardekpetrovic9716 The name Bohmen is a Germanisation of the Latin Bohemia which it turn is derived from the name of the Celtic people called the Boii. The Boii also gave their name to Bologna and Bavaria.
@@TXnine7nine It would be Ceska Raposdie
Bohemia(Boiohaemum) is named after the celtic tribe named Boii. And btw from the dna we know that celts never left, they were asimiated by the germanic tribes, which were later asimilated by the slavs.
In Czech, Bohemia has always been known as Čechy, which you can translate as Czechia. In fact, the Medieval document you show says exactly this, in Latin: Bohemia, itemque Czechia vocatur = Bohemia, which is also called Czechia. In most Slavic languages (and in Hungarian), there is no distinction between Czechia and Bohemia, Czechs and Bohemians. However, the distinction does exist in German (Böhmen vs. Tschechien), English and most western European languages. In Czechia itself, they just recently tried to introduce a new name for the country (Česko) to distinguish it from the historical region of Bohemia (Čechy): not sure how much it caught on, though. However, up to this day, this distinction doesn't exist in Polish, Slovenian, Hungarian: in those languages, there is one name (Czechy, Češka, Csehország) for both the historical region of Bohemia AND the modern independent state of Czechia.
In Polish there is a Word for Bohemia and Czechia, and there is a distinction, Bohemia is used for the region of bohemia and the czech kingdoms that were called Bohemia
In the Czech language there is indeed no distinction. We do not have a direct equivalent for Bohemia, as it would be called (Čechy) in the past. Then, after the dissolution with Slovakia, we would call our state (Česká republika) or Czech Republic. And only since 2016 abbreviation of (Česko) Czechia would gain official recognition, even though the term would be comonly used since at least the 20th century.
During the medieval times Kingdom of Bohemia would be known as (Země Koruny české) or Lands of the Crown of Bohemia. This would encompass the Duchy of Bohemia (České knížectví), the Margraviate of Moravia (Moravské markrabství) and the Duchy of Silesia (Slezské knížectví), although now only the southern most part of Silesia is part of Czechia. These three titles would make up the Royal Crown of Bohemia which would be ruled by the king of Bohemia and these three titles now make geographicaly the three regions of Czechia.
It’s still not the same… The name Bohemia was created and given by the Germans for the area once they had incorporated it into the HRE and ruled it. The name Bohemia is based on the Germanic-Celtic tribe that had lived and ruled there centuries before the Slavs (Czechs) arrived there and mixed with them. That’s also why Germans differentiate between Bohemia and Czechia. Bohemia is like the historical term for the land with a basis on the historically multinational nature and culture of the land, which had ceased to exist once the Czechs had eradicated the other nationalities still left. While for the Czechs it’s probably the same and there’s no differentiation between the two terms because the Czechs had a strong belief that all of the land should belong to them and only them, especially Czech leaders did with the rise of Czech nationalism who then attempted to interchangeably use the name for both times to emphasize and justify Czech rule in a historic sense and wash away the multinational history and culture of the region of Bohemia.
Correction: Celtic-Germanic tribe most likely (Celtic first before mix with Germanic).
@@Ultima-Signathcth Bohemia is EXONYM. "Bohemia" was used in Latin then in German(and then English). ENDONYM is "Cechy" -the name allways used by the local slavic population was .
For the local population there never has been distinction between "Czech"(language, kingdom, ethnicity etc) and "Bohemian".
!!!..... as a matter of fact, this distinction did NOT exist even in GERMAN as well till very recently.
Word "Tscheche" was really introduced into German only by mid-19th century to "make space" to distinguish Czech-Bohemians and German-Bohemians in the political dicourse.
Up till mid-19th century "Bohmish" was used for "ethnic Czech" - there were "Deutsch-Bohmish" Dictionaries, "Bohmishe Sprache" etc ...
In fact, the Czech language struggled with the same problem of distinguishing "Deutsch-Bohmish" as well: the term used in Czech Language ("Cesti Nemci") is literally equivalent of "Czech Germans" ... another thing related to the fact that there is no distinction between Czech and Bohemian in the local language
the term Bohemia does not exist in czech language it is english and latin thing
You can say that about a lot of countries
Bro just discovered Endonyms and Exonyms
@@wally2geny’all get so defensive over people wanting to determine their own name for their land.
I bet you got opinions about Constantinople vs Istanbul too. Or Persia Vs Iran
True :)
@@ah8893Constantinople is correct, don’t care that the cavemen from mongolia renamed it
The "cal" in Caledonia comes from the old pre-Roman Celts who didn't really have a border system as we have today, but had many places all throughout Europe, more like safe havens everywhere. Caledonia in Scotland, Callantsoog in Frisia or the Frisian name Gjalt, Gallia in France, Galicia in Spain, Portugal, Calella in Spain, Calabria in Italy, Gallipoli in Turkey, and so on. They were all connected in a way, but have been split up, isolated, and incorporated into other powers.
Distant Gallipoli from greek Beautiful city-Kalipolis (e.g. kalo-k-agathia)
So its all CELTIC
Nothing you've said is true. Caledonia does not share an etemological link to any of those words, other than it being a latinizastion of whatever the Caledonians called themselves 😂
Prusia - a baltic tribe land, occupied by germans and the name adopted by the entire german empire at some point in history. And now it is Kaliningrad - the name who has no relation neither to the land or to the people.
And soon it's going to be Královec
@@Mamenber Thus reverting to its name Konigsberg which means "king's city."
Prussia's name was adopted by Germans way before that. Prussia even was the main predecessor to Germany. It was Germanised by Saxon Teutons who in a holy mission conquered Livonia and Germanised the Prussian natives and adopted the name. Then the Polish came and a century later it united with Brandenburg after becoming Protestant. It wasn't until the 1600's where after learning combat by the Swedish Empire that they became more of a military power and unified most of Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony.
@@kaloarepo288 Kings Hill/Mountain*
@@kaloarepo288
You are not right, no King's City but King's Mountain according to the one of leaders of the crusade against the Prussian pagans and the founder of the city, King Ottokar of Bohemia
0:15 Carolingia was the name of the dynasty. The country which France was part of was still called Francia under Carolingian rule.
Honestly, I thought you were gonna talk about Alba for Scotland, instead of Caledonia. Another one that I think you should cover is Ireland, which was named Hibernia by the Romans.
Alba is Gaelic and Hibernia is Latin
Wales also was often called Cambria, hell the mountain chain of Wales is still known as the Cambrian Mountains
Alba Volán Székesfehérvár 😀
@DynMorgannwg I thought that it was called 'Dementia'. 😀 😛
Have to keep in mind that Hibernia is *just* the Latinized form of what the Proto-Celtic speaking people of Ireland called their land, (linguists have reconstructed that Proto-Celtic name as *Φīweriyū (Phee-wear-ee-oo).
That root, *Φīweriyū, gave us:
Éire and Iwerddon (the Irish and Welsh names for ireland).
The Greeks and Romans heard the root as Hiber and added the suffix [n]ia
Éire gave rise to English Ire[land].
Lusitania is still a VERY common name the Portuguese diaspora use. I was hoping you'd delve into it.
It wasn't a previous name of Portugal though, It might not fit with the subject of the video
Lusitania till this day, is the latin word for Portugal!
Lusitania was the old name of Portugal and Lusitania is still to this day a synonym for Portugal. So how would it not fit in the video? 🤷🏽♂️
@@ThrE3-GeS Lusitania isn't the latin word for Portugal, it is the name of a roman province which included a large part, but not all, the present territory of Portugal, it also included spanish Extremadura, and said name was taken from the Lusitanians that live there before the Roman conquered it.
The lusitanians are considered the ancestors of the portuguese, and Luso is a prefix meaning relating to Portugal, but Lusitania is not a substitute word for the country of Portugal.
That is why it Might not fit the "old name and why they changed it" theme, because the name Portugal wasn't changed from Lusitania it was created from scratch
Great video.
As a Scot, I still identify with the name 'Caledonia', also our endonym, 'Alba'. Both are frequently used in Scottish art and music, so they haven't exactly fallen out of use here.
Unfortunately the current Duke of Albany is a German citizen…
Alba, Alban and Albion are the same, all derive from a Celtic word meaning 'white', cognate with the Latin 'albus' of the same meaning. I'm afraid they are an exonym deriving from the appearance of the island of Britain from the near continent, that is, they derive from the chalk of the White Cliffs of Dover. The Picts, being original Britons, presumably used the name or had it bestowed on them. The Scots, being originally Irish from Dal Riada in Ulster, seem to have appropriated it from the Picts when the MacAlpin dynasty absorbed the Pictish kingdoms of Cat, Fortrenn and Fib.
One of my favourite songs will always be "Caledonia" by Dougie Maclean 😊
1:12 DAHOMEY MENTIONED🐘🐘🐘🇧🇯
Chilling with Dahomeys
Chilling with Benin
Chillin with dahomeys and da boiis
The name Castile/Castilla left its mark through the word “Castellano,” which is still used to refer to the Spanish language in Spanish.
Castellano is the demonym of Castile in Spanish, and also the name of the language that came from there :D
When Im addressing languages issues of Europe versus The Americas I say Castellano for Spain (always clarifying it has nothing to do with Catalan), and Espan(y)ol for Western Hemipshere.
@@ZakhadWOWThat seems odd to me, because AFAIK Castellano isn't the only dialect of Spanish in Spain, and the American dialects of Spanish differ wildly.
Though, I don't know the values of the differences within Spain vs. Latin America.
The part about Bohemia/Czechia is very inprecise. The Czechs never called themselves "Bohemians", as some commentors pointed out. I think we can cleary put a date from when "Bohemia" was no longer used: 1918, when Czechoslovakia was created and the Czechs were no longer ruled by the Austrians, with a short epilogue in the form of the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" between 1939 and 1945.
Im Czech, and its true we never called ourselves Bohemians. However Bohemia *is* still used, just not as the international name for the whole country, as it was for most of our history, but as the name of a region within the country. There is Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, that never changed.
We, Poles, call this country Czechy for time immemorial. Bohemia comes from a tribe Boyi, it was a Celtic tribe but hardly anyone knows truth whom ancient Celts of Central Europe were ethnically. These Celts were just Slavic, boyi means in all Slavic languages warriors. Also Markomans i.e. Moravians their come from the river Morava were a Slavic tribe.
The thing is the name bohemia existed long before name czechia came up
@@Lechoslaw8546 What? There was massive celtic culture in Bohemia and Moravia, slavic and germanic tribes arrived much later. We dont know if the celts were "kicked" from here or simply merged with germanic and later slavic tribes, but what is known that The Markomans originated in the germanic tribe of the Suebi (Sueben in German), who lived north of Bohemia in the direction to the Baltic Sea (then known in latin as Mare Suebicum). Why are you trying to pretend that no other ethnicities than slavs are the origin of the todays Czech population?
@@milansvancara "Nazwa Czechy (cz. Čechy) pojawia się po raz pierwszy w źródłach pisanych w IX wieku." Above is a copy from Polish wikipedia, meaning the name Czechy was first recorded in scriptures in 9th century AD. English form Czechia, official since 2016, is based on Polish spelling Czechy. Bohemia is an old Latin name of same folks.
10:00 Ruthenia is still an old name for Ukraine, even on this map you can see a yellow area in Ukraine, which is called Rus' land, and that's what the original meaning was, before more territories came under Kyiv's rule, then it could have broadly applied to the territory we now know as Kievan Rus', but in ethnic sense it stayed as a name primarily for the territory of Ukraine for centuries.
There are still people that call themselves Ruthenians. E.g. the Croatian constitution lists Russians, Ukrainians and Ruthenians among Croatia's indigenous minorities, and there's over a thousand of each by the last census. Ruthenians are the primary Greek Catholic demographic in Croatia, so it could be a religion thing.
@@2712animefreak These people call themselves Rusyns, not Ruthenians.
Нихуя. Ты щас взял одну единственную версию шиза Рыбакова (который писал в угоду нелюбимого тобой советского правительства).
Неизвестно точно, какое из двух понятий первичное - узкое или широкое.
Однако факт остаётся фактом - Русь в широком смысле употребляется чаще, и точка.
No, this term was only used for russian lands under polish and lithuanian control. Kinda. They actually called only western russian principalities of Galicia and Volyn Ruthenia, where's Kiev region, at the time a barren backwater border land, was called, get this, ukraina.
@@2712animefreakthey exist in Serbia and Ukraine as well, however in the latter their identity is still heavily suppressed.
Great grandfather emigrated to US from Bohemia when part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. My father visited the region with Patton’s 3rd Army during WW2.
Really? Wow! :D
Your family got lucky because of things that the nazis and soviets did
Like genocide (Nazis & Soviets)
Forced Labor (Nazis & Soviets)
Mass Rape (Soviets)
Talk about going back to one's roots. Also it shows how sometimes you can serve your birthplace much better by leaving it behind than by staying and dooming your future descendants to be nothing but helpless victims or god forbid accomplices to whoever happens to rule the region at the time.
Man how old are you then?
@@zoltanperei4789 FDR was president when I was born.
I honestly think, for Romania the duality between Moldavia and Walachia might have been more interesting
we never called ourselves Wallachia, we called ourselves the Romanian country, Wallachia is the term used by foreigners, generally Germans and Slavs, who named us after an Italic people because we spoke a language similar to theirs
@Adrian-aTak.19 I know, that in part is why I thought it might be interesting. Neither did Romanians call themselves Dacian and neither did Dacians most likelyfor that matter. Also the same is somewhat true for the Moldavian Principalities as well, tho not to the same extent. In any way, we indeed are speaking about exonyms here.
Foreigner here... We generally learn that Romania was formed by the joining of Wallachia and Moldavia... How did Romanians see it? What were the names of those regions?
@@ABCantonese what you call wallachia we used to call "tara romaneasca". it can have a few reasons. it was conquered by the romans. and we think that the people just named it after the language. moldova wasn't conquered by the romans. chunks of transylvania were under roman control, but the name transylvania is given by the hungarians. the other name for it is ardeal, which hungarians also claim as theirs, but that is debatable. all in all, it has been debated about how "new" the term romanian is, because it doesn't appear in documents. the court documents of the principalities were written in old slavonic for quite a while. oldest quote on quote romanian writing is a letter from a merchant in the 1500s....but...there are earlier testimonies from travelers, like diplomats, explorers, merchants who say that the people said of themselves that they speak "romanesche". and that's all the wonder really, because no one can explan HOW we got latinized. because the language is latin based. and we occupy some 1/2-2/3s of the dacian teritory. but the romans never conquered that much. i've been in the mountains in the north. those valleys are conservative as hell. they had to be to survive, not just because the land is harsh, which it is, but also for defense. so how the hell did they start speaking "romanesche" when they were nowhere near the conquered lands??? there are some major plot holes in this whole story of latinization, but there is no doubt in my mind that dacians are our ancestors. not just them of course. we've had many other people come by. but all in all, we are their descendants.
there are many names for subdivisions of the lands of course. like "tara barsei" or "oltenia" etc.
@@Voroniel Romanians dislike hearing it because they believe it is Hungarian propaganda designed to delegitimize their claim to Transylvania but I personally believe the most likely theory is that Romanians originated from latinized Balkan people who migrated North of the Danube in the middle ages. Wallachia was probably resettled by Romanians after being depopulated by Turkic invasions and Moldavia was resettled by Romanians who came from Transylvania after the Mongol invasions and collapse of the Golden Horde.
Correction: The Romans didn't massacre two-thirds of Dacia because we simply have no idea what happened during that war except that large numbers of Romanian slaves entered Rome afterwards.
Dacian slaves. Romanians werent really a thing yet.
It's also not something that was typical for Romans. They generally preferred to enslave people to massacring them.
Well, SOMEONE had to carry all this gold to Rome, right? Seriously, the Darcian conquest fueled the Roman economy for basically the rest of Trajan's rule, giving them a tiny golden age. The level of theft there cannot be overstated and makes me wonder what could have become of Darcia, if it had been allowed to grow and evolve into a medieval realm.
Anyway, the name is very pretentious, because not only was much of the Original Darcian population still making up much of the Roman population, but then it got further invaded by Huns, Cumans, Perechecs and Turks, so Romania is really only spiritually inspired by the Romans
@Maxuras war is never profitable
@@samsonsoturian6013 Well, maybe not under your definition. But between the two definitions: "Beneficial towards the overall prosperity of mankind" and "increasing the wealth of at least some people", I define "profitable" the second way. And this war (or rather the plunder following it) was Beneficial to Emperor Trajan, his family, generals and various Roman enterprises that he brought stuff from.
This is a fascinating series please do everyone you can. If you choose.
5:48 oh, bad news. The Dacia Sandero. It's delayed
Oh no! Anyways...
I was looking for this
@@EGeorgevand also this
9:50 you didn't mention any other name of Ukraine throughout time.
Kraina (U-kraine) literally means country in Ukrainian, and in old Ukrainian there's another version of a country Oukraina, idk what it means, but since old Ukrainian similar to current one, it feels like it means Oh-Ukraine, oh my country, oh my beautiful land.
the word "Ukraine" means "in-land" = like Eng-land or Deutsch-land
It actually means "by the country", "near the country" ("у краины", "краина" - the country, or "okraina", "окраина" - the outskirts). Technically, the lands that are known as Ukraine today were the western borderlands of the Russian Empire
@@LesnikSan pyckuŭ qypak, what do mean when you say: "Y MEHR" (u menia) - "(close) by me = in the near" or "I have it = it belongs to me"???
@ by smth/near smth, you polska durbecalo
@@LesnikSan pyckuŭ qypak, does your word "y-poquHa" means "ug-lies" or "by mother-land"?
I love what you do in these videos, so much more interesting than all the nonsense that is out there. Well done.
For Ukraine, it's important to mention, that Ruthenia was an intermediate name used by some foreigners. In old maps, "Russia" is roughly as often as Ruthenia. The core land of the Dominion of the Rus was Kyiv and Lviv, the rest were conquered later, so Ukraine is the historic Russia, quite like current day Lithuania is the historic Lithuanian core land, even though there once was a country called Poland-Lithuania which encompassed Smolensk and Dnipro.
Rus started from Novgorod. Kiev entered later. Yes, the capital was moved there, but later, Rus quickly split into many separate principalities. After the arrival of the Tatars, Kiev ceased to be a significant city. In fact, it was Novgorod Rus that was the longest continuator of ancient Rus.
@@Yaroslav_Rus Rus existed at least two centuries prior to Novgorod (which was est. circa 980s), read your own Wikipedia, товарищ.
Novgorodians never called themselves Rus. At least not until Moscow province of Mongolia annexed the city. And Kyiv never lost its significance even under short-lived Mongol occupation.
Greek name for Rus proper was 'Rosia" (later this name stolen by Moscovites), Latin name for Rus was 'Ruthenia'. People called themselves Rusyn, plural Rusyns (Ruthenians)
@@Yaroslav_Rus Rus' land was the name of territory in Ukraine like showed on the map in yellow, Novgorod Republic would get its independence later.
@@Yaroslav_RusThis "version" is broadly spread by today's russia just to prove they have the right on the ukrainian land and on the name of Rus. No way!
Cymru, or Wales (Latin Cambria and Wallia) is also an example of this, as is Cumbria, which means exactly the same thing as Cymru and Cambria.
162 views, 3 minutes ago 😄Keep Up The Good Work General Knowledge love your content
I really love and appreciate the historical background of this and your other videos. BTW, seeing the face with the voice makes the video more personal and humanistic. I have a face made for radio and a voice made for silent films.
I prefer the sound of Dacia, Illyria and Bohemia compared to their modern names, they sound more poetic.
Bohemia is not old name for a country, but Latin name for a land.
@@martinsriber7760 Isn't that basically the same thing? Nation states are a relatively new concept. Bohemia and its translations were widely used for that region for centuries.
@@reyson01 It isn't and has nothing to do with nation states. England has been widely used for whole island or even country for centuries...
The name "dacia" is quite a meme here in romania due to how we perceive the cars named dacia (produced by us) as terrible quality and old. Like if you tell a kid or even someone who barely knows history that this region was called dacia, they will 90% laugh
Nice places for Asterix to visit. "Asterix and the Dacians." What would be the story?
Neat topic!
aw Boii Empire would be such a lit name
When you mentioned Caledonia/Scotia I was surprised you didn't also mention Hibernia (Ireland).
In Croatia and partly in Slovenia there was an "Illyrian movement" but only as an alternative because at that time there was a crude attempt at Magyarization and the Croatian language and Croatian names were tried to be banned. Also for the same reason the official language in Croatia was Latin.
Croazia and Slovenia was part of French Illyrian Provinces.
I like some of your content, but you have to do more research! The fact that the name Illyria was used in the Middle Ages for a couple of kingdoms in modern day Croatia, the Yugoslavs have little to no connection to the ancient Illyrians. You should read about the Slavic migration during the 7th and 8th century AD. They were descendants of the Kievan Rus which sought more temperate climates by moving south into the Balkans. You mentioned one of the reasons why Illyria as a name completely disappeared: The Ottomans and their complete domination over the Balkanic people. While the Romans and Byzantines respected various cultures and peoples, giving them autonomy, freedom of religion and freedom to teach their language and customs. The second reason is the Slavs, which both fought and intermingled with Illyrians, Thracians, Greeks but ultimately turned the balkans into their own kingdom and sought to eliminate the culture and language of the peoples that lived there before their arrival. Many historians believe that modern Albanians are the descendants of the Illyrians, or better say, the Albanian language (which is a branch of its own, with no connection to Greek, Romance or Slavic languages) is the descendant of the Illyrian language/s.
I find some of your videos offensive when you intentionally or unintentionally trample on various ethnicities, languages and peoples, by omitting facts or by having done little research and half assing your way through these videos. I will remain subscribed and I have faith in you. Thanks for reading to the end and accepting critic.
I agree. I've watched several of his videos and have found that most of them are riddled with errors. He seems to just do the bare minimum, which is sad (and annoying) for a channel that has the work "knowledge" in it title.
Isn't Dacia maybe a bit far fetched for Romania? I'm saying this considering most of the countries mentioned in the video (except probably Croatia) are somehow related to the current state; while there isn't really a direct correlation between Dacia and Romania (not talking about the people, that's another debate, I'm talking about the statehood continuity). By this logic you could've included basically any European country as most of them had other names during that period, like Ireland for example, known as Hibernia by the Romans. A better example could've been Wallachia, as it was the exonym of a proper Romanian country (and not Dacian) and that's how most people called it (though it is true that in Romanian it's always been Romania but again, it's an exonym, we don't know how the Dacians called themselves either).
he intended to make a video specifically on this "all of Europe with old vs new names" and how some were exonyms and some endonyms.
Dacia is one of the names. there is also Getia.(it also depends on location and time. for example, Burebista's was a Getian with his capital in Argedava. Decebalus was a Dacian with his capital in Sarmisegetusa. so Dacian was 80% thracian 10% iranic 10% other. Getian was 65% thracian 25% iranic 10% other. as archaeology and descriptions show that their cuktures kind if tended in this direction. the Getians were closer to the east and to the iranic Roxolani. while the Dacians were mostly in the Carpathians) as i said in my own comment the population might have used "daha" and "geta" to call themselves. and Dacia was also a somewhat centralised kingdom. and there is a connection between Dacians to Daco-Romans to Romanians.(even though turkics, germanics, slavics and uralics came and intermarried) what more is there to say?
Present day Romania should be called DACIA ! That is the correct name of the country!
related question: when did the region of former yugoslavia became slavic? were the previous population substituted by a new one? or did the culture just changed and started using slavic languages and traditions? the reason i ask is because it's funny that the south slavics are geographicaly separated from the rest of the slavic peoples and at the same time the romanian and moldavian are separated from the latin countries of today. it feel like romania should be where yugoslavia was and yugoslavia should be where romania is, i guess lol
@@lazyboy300 the slavs migrated out of the slavic homeland(east Poland, north Ukraine, Belarus) in the 6th century because of population growth. those that invaded southern Europe searched for "the rich provonces of the Eastern Romans which were so famous to others". they found the latins(illyro-romans) and illyrians of Illyria to have had been relatively depleted by wars and plagues so they 1. assimilated them in the following decades in the valleys 2. made them retreat to the Illyrian mountains which will lead to their assimilation in the following centuries 3. forced them to migrate south to coast(or the illyrians like the northern albanians to shift a bit southward being crowded with the southern albanians)
the croats looked for the coastline, the slovenes came on to the Alps trying to see how the relations with the italo-romans(mostly the Italians of Venice) woul be. the serbs-bosniaks-montenegrins willfocus on the Albanians and later the Romanians(after they conquered Belgrade from the Bulgarians. which themselves conquered from the illyro-romans early on. and there is also the Magyar rule as well)
the illyro-romans called themselves an evolution of "romanus", and that is "romini". currently they are bellow 2.000 speakers.(also the hellenics call them "mauro-vlahoi", "black latins" black representing the northern cardinal. they h4te that name. especially the other pronounciation "morlac" which is used by the slavs. imagine losing your land to sl4vic imperialists and instead of your native romanus-romin they call you maurovlahoi-morlac. i would get angry as well)
the Romanians are the daco-romans that resisted better in the Carpathians because "the main targets" were Illyria and Thrace. they call themselves "români"("moldovean" is a regional identity. if you think "moldovan" is different you are probably playing into Russian pr0paganda) and for the daco-romans that have been captured in a Magyar raid in Dacia in the 11th century and migrated to Istria, "rumâr".(Romanians are estimated at 25 to 30 million. with 2.000 Istro-Romanians)
the thraco-romans of today's Bulgaria were once living in central Bulgaria but at some point they migrated southward. they call themselves "aromâni"(Aromanians). there are also "Lumnicera-Romanians" or Megleno-Romanians. Aromanians are estimated at 400.000. Megleno-Romanians at 3000.
@@lazyboy300 """"""the slavs migrated out of the slavic homeland(east Poland, north Ukraine, Belarus) in the 6th century because of population growth. those that invaded southern Europe searched for "the rich provonces of the Eastern Romans which were so famous to others". they found the latins(illyro-romans) and illyrians of Illyria to have had been relatively depleted by wars and plagues so they 1. assimilated them in the following decades in the valleys 2. made them retreat to the Illyrian mountains which will lead to their assimilation in the following centuries 3. forced them to migrate south to coast(or the illyrians like the northern albanians to shift a bit southward being crowded with the southern albanians)
the croats looked for the coastline, the slovenes came on to the Alps trying to see how the relations with the italo-romans(mostly the Italians of Venice) woul be. the serbs-bosniaks-montenegrins willfocus on the Albanians and later the Romanians(after they conquered Belgrade from the Bulgarians. which themselves conquered from the illyro-romans early on. and there is also the Magyar rule as well)
the illyro-romans called themselves an evolution of "romanus", and that is "romini". currently they are bellow 2.000 speakers.(also the hellenics call them "mauro-vlahoi", "black latins" black representing the northern cardinal. they h4te that name. especially the other pronounciation "morlac" which is used by the slavs. imagine losing your land to sl4vic imperialists and instead of your native romanus-romin they call you maurovlahoi-morlac. i would get angry as well)
the Romanians are the daco-romans that resisted better in the Carpathians because "the main targets" were Illyria and Thrace. they call themselves "români"("moldovean" is a regional identity. if you think "moldovan" is different you are probably playing into Russian pr0paganda) and for the daco-romans that have been captured in a Magyar raid in Dacia in the 11th century and migrated to Istria, "rumâr".(Romanians are estimated at 25 to 30 million. with 2.000 Istro-Romanians)
the thraco-romans of today's Bulgaria were once living in central Bulgaria but at some point they migrated southward. they call themselves "aromâni"(Aromanians). there are also "Lumnicera-Romanians" or Megleno-Romanians. Aromanians are estimated at 400.000. Megleno-Romanians at 3000."""""
Thank you for an interesting and illuminating presentation
You messed up with Czechia - in all slavic languages it is called that way from the very beggining. Thats because it is the name of the people that created this state. Name Bohemia was latin name for the region - in older days it was common to refer to countries in their latin names, for example Poland was called Sarmatia, France was called Gallia, etc. And Czechia is also the name of the same area as Bohemia, so the state of Czechia contains Czechia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. In early medieval there were state called Great Moravia (based in Moravia) that also contained both Czechia and Moravia.
The name Bohemia comes from the time when the Dutchy of Bohemia was a part of the HRE and ruled by Germans.
@@Melodeath00 The Czech lands could not be ruled by the Germans, as the Germans first emerged as a political force only at the end of the Napoleonic Wars (as a newly established nation they were therefore quite aggressive). The lands of the Czech Crown were de facto and legally independent of the Holy Roman Empire - which was confirmed, among others, by the Golden Bull of Sicily from 1212 or the Golden Bull of Charles IV from 1356 (the Roman king could not interfere in Czech affairs: he could not install a king on a vacant throne - this was the right of the Czech Diet, he could not recruit an army here and collect taxes, they did not pay Roman laws here, etc.). The Czechs themselves felt like Germans until the 19th century, but exclusively in a regional sense - when the German nation emerged and began to use this term for themselves in a different sense (very similar to Russians and Russia), the Czechs stopped calling themselves Germans.
@@Melodeath00 Ruled by the Germans? What? Such a low iq simplification that is not even true...
No, never say that fucking again. The state of Czechia contains BOHEMIA, MORAVIA AND (CZECH) SILESIA.
The reason why the name Czechia was chosen is because English differentiates Bohemia from Czechia.
Czechia is the name for the whole state, not for Bohemia.
I'm from Poland and i've never heard that Czech was or is called Bohemia. But there is one problem with what you said. Every kid here knows about the legend of Lech, Czech and Rus. Long story short it says that those are 3 brothers, who started their own kingdooms: Lech started Poland (from Lechici if I'm correct), Rus started Russia (or lets day Ruś Kijowska, now Ukraine) and Czech started Czech. Polish wikipedia says that first apearance of this legend was in 1222, much, much earlier than you said in the film
"Bohemian" is EXONYM (from Latin taken over by german and english). "Cechy" is ENDONYM allways used by the local population in local language
Czech found Bohemia, that's why Czechs call it Čechy.
Moravia and Silesia don't fall under this as Moravia was an independent state before Bohemia.
Ukraine is a former Rus and so called ruZia was moscovy!
11:07 Ukrainians started using this name more to distance themselves from russians, so the name "Ruthenians" was used longer on territories not controlled by russia (in Galicia and Zakarpattia)
Not true, it is a latin exonym. a word used in latin texts. Galicia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia were controlled by catholic monarchies, that is why they have a latin name.
It would be better if they were called Northern Rus, Southern Rus and Eastern Rus instead of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus
@obrnenydrevokocur9344 we called ourselves rusyns, which is almost the same
@@user-io7sh7nx7c on the map on the video in yellow, Rus' land captures only territory of Ukraine.
@@misha9033it is the same. The other guy is being purposely pedantic.
I’ve been trying to figure out for a while why I don’t like the new format as much. I think I just figured it out. The old videos had snappy editing that kept a swift pace throughout the video. The animation style was inherently speedy. The new format is much slower paced. It might help if you spoke at the same speed you did in the animated videos to keep the pacing more consistent and keep the script moving along
Good video
Absolutely fascinating! Thank you for these explanations of the changes in names of European countries.
The term Bohemia is the same as Hungary. There used to be Huns in Hungary and the Boi in Bohemia, but both of those people are gone and were gone for the entire medieval history where those two countries were defined. People speaking western languages should realize that Hungarians are not Huns but Magyars and that Bohemia isn't a different thing from Czech Republic. I often find these pro-german wehraboos online who disassociate czechs from the medieval kingdom, but it is simply false as in any slavic text from that kingdom, it is called the Czech Kingdom, Czech crown, lands of the Czech crown etc.
The Magyars and the Czechs never called themselves the old names and never claimed that past. The word for Bohemia is Čechy which means a land of Czechs. Word for the country is Česko which means a country of Czechs (english way of forming that word would be Czechland i guess). A surprising lot of modern names comes from medieval lack of knowledge and travel. Like the Dutch being taken from Deutch which is what all germanic people call themselves in their native languages. Or the Hungary issue.
Tell me about it...There is this one I guess german kunt in the comments spewing absolute bulshit about germans ruling there and always living there etc...
Hungary name originates from Ungry tribes not Huns. That's why in all european languages the shared part of the word is "ungry" not "hun".
@ that might be but i’ve seen so many people online think that hungarians are huns for no reason.
Beyond the fact that in Czech language there is no so-much clear distinction between adjectives referring to what is "bohemian" and what is "Czech", the fact is that the medieval and modern word "Bohemia" and "Bohemian" referred originallly only to the quadrangolar-shaped region where Prag is. But the medieval and modern Kingdom of Bohemia (within the Holy Roman Empire before, and the Empire of Austria subsequently) owned more than Bohemia: also the so-called Lands of the Crown of Bohemia (also Moravia, Silesia until it fell under Prussian power -- except for a little part, divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia in 20th century -- and Lusatia, until it fell under German power). When the Empire of Austria fell down in the end of WW1 (and the Crown of Bohemia too, being held by the same Habsburg monarch being emperor of Austria), a new State (Czechslovakia) was formed on ethno-linguistic (slavic) bases, joining lands which had been owned by the empire of Austria (the regions forming todays' Czech Republic) and lands (Slovakia) which had been owned by the Crown of Hungary. The huge linguistic minorities (German-speakers, Hungarians, Carpatho-rutenian Ukrainians) were ignored, and the differences between Czech and Slovak languages were under-extimated. However, a need was felt for a new name expressing the ethno-linguistic (bi)national nature of the new country, instead of pure geographical names. So, the first part (Czecho--) of the new-created words "Czechoslovakia" and "Czechoslovak" began to be used, derived from the Czech word ("Čech" as a name for a person, "Český" as an adjective in the masculine nominative singular, "Čeština" for the language) for the ethnicity. After WW2, the expulsion of the Germans, the communist federal union of Czechoslovakia before, the downfall of communism then and the split from Slovakia, created a reality in which the ethnic national nature of the country had increased even more, and it appeared obvious calling it "Czech republic" before (and "Czechia" only informally), until time was felt come to declare the was "Czechia" (in Czech language: "Ćesko") official. Also considering that other region different from Bohemia (Moravia and the remaining little part of Silesia) still are parts of the country and Czech-speaking. Fun fact, however, a greatly different Czech word for the region of "Bohemia" still doesn't exist, since the Czech word for the region (Čechy, not to be confused with the adjective "Český") comes from the same root of "Čech".
so a few things(some are corrections):
1. the ethnonyms Dacian and Getian might not really be of local origin(which we know as "the northern branch of the proto-thracians"), but came about with the iranic Agathirsi invasion around 600BC. in the forms of "daha" and "geta". besides the intermarriage, a cultural revolution occured that gave those populations those ethnonyms, made them adopt some iranic words and rituals.
2. Dacia is pronounced supposedly in proper Latin as "dah kee ah", but we in Romania prefer "dah tchee ah".
3. Dacia was the closest to a centralised state that the Romans encountered in Europe(besides the Hellenic states/city states)
4. the Dacian casualties during and after the war were great, but not THAT great, and a huge concentration of local genes remained.
5. the Roman colonists bearing the "romanus" name arrived in 106AD, but the move that will comsolidate the ethnonym for the next 1.800 years will be Constitutio Antoniniana of 212AD, that gave roman citizenship to every free man in the empire.
6. in the middle ages, the statal entities would be named "terra romanesque"/"țară românească".(the germanic exonym "wallach" and the refusal of Eastern Rome and the Holy Roman Empire to adress us properly, which is understandable because they already called themselves "greeks" or "franks/lombards/goths", will have us use Wallachia or Vlashko in church slavonic documents. it was slavonic because 1. lingua sancta 2. language of the clerks and educated elite like latin for Germans, Magyars, czechs, poles, croats)
7. "România" is a change of formula. X-ia versus terra X-esque. as i said about ERE and HRE earlier, this version got too close to Basileia Rhomaion or Romania. and we also tended to use more the terra version anyway.
8. every Romanian land had "țara românească" in its name. Moldavia's full name was "Țara Românească a Moldovei" and in chronicles it was "Moldo-wallachia". and the eastern Carpathians were known as "ținuturile româneşti/valahe sub coroana maghiară"(Romanian/Wallachian realms under Magyar crown)
Excellent video.
In the Caribbean, Puerto Rico was previously known as the island of Saint John the Baptist. And you could go even before that to the indigenous names too
That's why the capital is San Juan?
Due to some misunderstanding, the capital and the island swapped names
@@ridezosmon2306 yup
really nice video very interesting ❤
God I arrived so early no comments have loaded
2 minutes ago is crazy
Took me until today to figure out why general knowledge’s mascot is a general
Illiria and Croatia are different. Illirians are the indigenous population that existed during the Roman times before the Slavic migrations in the 6/7 centuries. Croatia is a name of the country populated predominantly by the Slavic population that replaced/mixed with the Illirians during and after these migrations. There is a school of thought that the original Croats actually came from the area between south-eastern Ukraine and north-western Iran, and were a small warrior elite that merged with the large Slavic population already there to form the Croatian state (see "Tanay Tablets" in Wikipedia). This is similar with the ethnogenesis of Bulgaria (Bulgars) or Hungary (Magyars). Croatia existed MUCH earlier than the 19th century. Croatia was a Duchy already in the 8/9th century and a kingdom in the 10th century (925), until it formed a personal union (2 countries, 1 king) with Hungary and later the two united with Austria (Habsburgs). Under the Habsburgs they enjoyed a significant autonomy which allowed them to preserve their identity. Croatia is celebrating 1100 years of existence this year (2025). The name Illiria/illirians was used on/off for historic regional reference (most notably by Napoleon and later by the nationalist "Illirian movement" in the 19th century). However, it does not align with Croatia or the Croatian people.
That Moomin mug almost melts my frozen heart.
Love from Finland ☺
That part of the country was always known as Čechy... it was only the western countries that kept calling us bohemians. It was never a bohemian kingdom (in czech language), it was a czech kingdom. So no, it didnt change. At some point western countries just finally started to call us by our actual name.
Thanks for actually explaining the question I had and thought would be answered in the video. But I think they didn't even understand or what's worse didn't know this simple fact that Bohemia is just a Latin translation of the original slavic name. It just shows again how incomplete the knowledge of some people is. Nothing wrong with that, but then better to learn instead of posting videos.
The REAL reason is that Bohemia refers only to a region, while Czech Republic / Czechia refers to a larger reality, including also Moravia and a little remaing part of Silesia. The issue "our name to call ourselves and our country versus other peoples way to do it" doesn't really count. The existence of endonyms and exonyms and the difference between them is something normal and natural.
Should by chance the Deutsche (German) inhabitants of Deutschland (Germany) feel worried, or insulted, or in some way diminished because they and their country are called "Germans" and "Germany" by English-speakers, "allemands" and "Allemagne" by French-speakers, "tedeschi" e "Germania" by Italian-speakers, "németek" and "Németország" by Hungarian-speakers, "saksalaiset" and "Saksa" in Finnish, "vācieši" and "Vācija" in Latvian, "德国人 Déguó rén" and "德国 Déguó" in Chinese, and so on?
@@leisen9679
Naaa... the Latin name existed BEFORE the arrival of Slavs in those lands, and it was derived (in antiquity) from the Celtic name of Galli Boii, living there before Germanic and Slavic tribes and before Roman-Marcomannic wars.
Yeah, and look where that got us. Bohemians being egoistical and wanting to erase Moravians and Silesians.
This is the first video where I've seen your face! Now I know what General Knowledge looks like.
Castile isn't Spain, both aragon and castile are equally important, so saying castile changed his name to Spain is totally wrong
Bulls***. Castile is occupying the Catalan countries, Galiza and Euskal Herria. Why don't people in Madrid speak Catalan while Castillian is forced on the oppressed Galizans, Euskaldunaks and Catalans, if it's an union and not Castile's colonies?
@秋の色-k8w exactly, castilian is a beautiful language but catalán, aragonese, basque, Galician, asturleonese and aranese are equally beautiful
@秋の色-k8w because having a country of many languages is dumb and they've been part of Spain for hundreds of years at this point. Spain should really put more effort in assimilating those groups or move them out.
@generalknowledge: Hi! I was wondering about the christmas decoration behind you in this video (the billy goat made from hay and red ribbons). They are traditional in Scandinavia, particullarly Sweden, and I was curious if you have a connection to Sweden/Scandinavia or there was just a more random explanation for you having it. No matter, it's nice to see northern traditions at more southern locations... 😃
Bohemia was until 1918 used not only as the name of the region (KIngdom of Bohemia or Bohemia proper), but also as the name of the whole country (Crown of Bohemia). The Czechs were known as Bohemians and the Czech language was known as the Bohemian language. Moravia was conquered in the 11th century and became an integral part of Bohemia. Only later on it gained an autonomy as a margraviate and was no longer considered part of Bohemia proper. "Czechia" also had throughout centuries both of these two meanings. The difference between Bohemia and Czechia is essentially exonym vs. endonym. It therefore falls in the category of Persia/Iran or Siam/Thailand.
Fun fact: Czechoslovakia was originally supposed to be called Bohemia. Only after Slovak representatives disagreed, the new name "Czechoslovakia" was coined. If Slovaks weren't joining the country in 1918, Czechia would have been called Bohemia to this day.
Indeed, "Thailand" is not fully an endonym, containing the English word "land". The endonym is "Prathet Thai" in Thai llanguage (more officially: "Ratcha-anachak Thai" = "Thai Kingdom").
Yeah, they should have gone with Bohemoslovakia.
It wouldn't be called Bohemia, the name in 1993 was actually proposed to be Bohemia-Moravia. If the Slovaks weren't supposed to join, it would be Bohemia-Moravia.
@@HunterShowsTo exclude Moravia and Silesia even more? Well damn, the Sudetenland would certainly not be the only ones eager to run to Germany. Not only Slovakia but also Moravia with Silesia now...
@@Moravian_Mf Seems like equivalent "exclusion" to me.
You should continue this topic. So many regions (Iberia, Pannonia etc.) not mentioned yet.
Kievan Rus could hardly be described as an 'East Slavic state'.. it was a Norman/Varangian state founded in the majority East Slavic (and Finnic) teritorries. Similarly, Bohemia evolved into a medieval state of (mainly) Germanic political culture and climate, albeit one with a majority West Slavic speaking populace.
Select cultural features of the overall population aren't the thing which really matters in the end. It is the element that is able to establish and maintain, which should primarily meet the eye of a serious and educated scholar.
It was founded by Vikings, but then it was organized and controlled by Kyivan tribe which was called Polans. After Christianization Vikings were assimilated completely, and Ukrainian/Slavic culture was dominating.
if u are such and scholar, then u should know what u said is just one theory and there is other theory of no varangian influence in Rus state, and the second theory already seems a lot more plausible than the fantasy land fairy tale story u wrote.
oh this "Norman theory" - was liked by Germans and Muscovites...
0:53 Inaccurate map. Serbia and Montenegro are still united on this map.
Irrelevant
Literally me
Nobody cares
Also true
@@ghicarares I do
It's interesting how so many UA-cam videos are essentially just research projects like we use to do in school.
Correction: Kievan Rus did not break up after the Mongol invasion simply because there never was a unified Kievan Rus. It was like the Holy Roman Empire that it was a patchwork of overlapping sovereign states.
Yes, and Kyivan Rus' is only a 19th century term. Back in the day there was simply Rus' or Land of Rus' that was located around 3 main cities: Kyiv, Chernihiv, Pereyaslav - all in Central Ukraine. All other territories simply paid tribute to Kyiv prince but weren't considered as Rus' in the chronicles.
@large_hadron_collider also consider most of the princes were each other's cousins
@@samsonsoturian6013like nobility throughout Europe. Two branches of Hohenzollerns, one Catholic, one Protestant. The former ruled Ansbach and eventually Romania. The latter ruled Brandenburg, Prussia, and eventually the German Empire. Let’s not start on the German royal house that still has Britain and Belgium and historically Portugal, Bulgaria and Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha. Being a Rurik prince doesn’t make you any more Rus than being Saxe-Coburg-Gotha could make Albert I of Belgium German.
@masonharvath-gerrans832 so? I brought up cousinship because those family connections had real world impact
@@samsonsoturian6013 yes, if we consider the Vladimir-Suzdal branch constantly pushing their nonsensical claims on Rus from Yuri Long-Arm to Ivan the Terrible. All the while Rus had passed on to the Poles and Lithuanians and was more or less fine with them until the Vasa dynasty pushed Catholicism and Polanisation a little too much.
The Canadian province of Nova Scotia is Latin for New Scotland. It’s the only large region in North America with a Latin name. The Germans used to call it New Scotland (Neuschottland) tho, instead of the Latin. However, that’s usually not the case nowadays.
Well, and don't get confused with the island of New Caledonia, East of Australia! 😀😂
I don't really want to mention the former district of the Hudson's Bay Company, which was in the region of today's Canadian province British Columbia: This district was also named NEW CALEDONIA! 😂😂
Your Dog is adorable
Wow, only 15 seconds in and suddenly something from decades ago makes sense. I was playing a game that had Gaul on the map, and was always mildly confused about it.
Thera are at least 2 missconceptions in this video regrarding Chechia and Ukraine.
1. Bohemia is a latin name for that region but Czechia (or Czechy) is a slavic name and it was alwas around. So it's more like Persia-Iran situation, not actual name change.
2. Similar case with Ruthenia which is Latin name for Rus. It's a little more complicated and it's also similar to Hispania exampe. Modern day Russia is just an evolution of the word Rus so the name is still in use. After mongol invasion Rus didn't vanished and the title of pricipality of Ruthenia (even Kingdom for short time) was still in use by rulers around city of Lviv. This title was later in 14 century inherit by polish king and was used by him and his descendants as third most important title king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia and others. The region of modern day Ukraine and part of Russia were always called as Rus and people who live there as Rusky or Rusyns. In 18 century Poland recognized Muscovy as Russia and it's claims to that name.
the former Rus now is Ukraine und so called ruZia was moscovy!
@@wladjarosz345 Former Rus was not only modern Ukraine but also Belarus and significant part of european Russia. Muscovy and Novogorod was also a part of Rus. Overall Rus divide multiple times and unite multiple time even before Mongol invasion. Lithuania, Muscovy, Novogorod and Galicia-Volhynia were the most known successors of former Rus and they fought over that who will unite all others principalities. That's why I wrote that it was similar to Spain. Overall the longest the title of Ruthenia was held by Polish-Lithuanians monarchs even descendent of Rurikovich dynasty became once a king of PLC. Almost all great dynasties of former Rus became Lithuanian (today Belarusian), Polish or Russian. I don't know any example that ruthenian nobility did consider themselves Ukrainian now. Modern Ukrainian culture is product of cultures of ruthenian peasants and burghers of cities like Kyjiv. There is also known topic of how in 17 and 18 century Muscovy "stole" a lot of Kyievan culture to presents themselves as "true" successor of Rus but that's a topic for another discussion.
@hugon3895 the former Rus was located on the north part of modern Ukraine - nothing more and nowhere else!
e.g. chronic from 1141: "...from Novgorod to Rus..."
@@wladjarosz345 Sure, Rus was partitioned since 1054 as many others countries at this period. Before that Rus was spread from Finland to Moldova. Kiev was a center of power but not unimouse with Rus. The same was in Poland, HRE, France, England, Italy or Spain. No one is telling English from Newcastle that this is not true England because they weren't part of Wessex.
I don't know what you are trying to achieve by that statement because if you really try to use title continuity argument than the most right to title of Rus would have today Russia or Poland, not Ukraine. Portugal once refused to accept that Castilian King crown himself as King of Spain because it wasn't a king of Portugal so he couldn't been called a king of Spain. It didn't change the reality that we now have Spain as a country. Today we have two seperate Irelands or the case where both Lithuania and Belarus claimed that their are rightful heirs to Grand Duchy of Lithuania or similar case with Greeks and Italians which claim their Roman heritage etc... Compare to those examples the Ukraine claim of not only being a Rus but the only Rus is really poor one. What would be next, that Ukraine is the only true Slavic state and no other nation can claim that?
@hugon3895 Rus was "from Finnland till Moldova"??? wtf? are you okay?!.
Great video !!!!
Croatian have nothing to do with illyrian
Tecnichly south slavic people assimilated illyrians and latin speakers but yea calling croatia illyria is like calling usa Tecumseh's confederacy
Is mostly Albania who is closest to Illyrian rather than any other country, be it language, culture, genes, etc. Illyria even has a meaning in Albanian language, it means free man ‘i lire’
it was a weird take
Nor Romanians with Dacia and Dacians.
At least Dalmatia and Croatia were referred to as "Illyria" and "Illyricum" in Latin sometimes even during the renaissance, the whole Dacian thing on the other hand is a 19th century nationalist feverdream.
Ironically, a youtube ad popped up during the “lingo-pie” promotion. I know you don’t have control of you tube ads.
Illyria belonged to the ancient illyrian people, which had their own language, culture and so on. They got assimilated, everything that remains from them are basically the genes and quite some connections to mostly albanian.
That’s why most places names change; the majority population moved, died out, assimilated, or got conquered by someone else creating a new identity.
No thanks to the slavic invasions of the 6th century, displacing and forcibly assimilating older more advanced cultures, at a time when they were at their weakest. The Balkans were never more united or at their most tolerant then they were under the Romans. Diocletian's war on Christianity being the exception.
Very fascinant 👏 🔥 👏 🔥 👏 🔥
What about Lusitania / Portugal ?
Could do this for literally every European country. Ireland for example has like several names.
In Hebrew, all my life we called it chechia. I was born in 1998.
Cool!
Bohemia is before Austria Hungary whos is Before WW1, who is before Czechoslovacia, who is befor WW2, who is before Czeck Republic, who is before Czechia. But Czeck Republic is a lourd name, so everyone in common language named Czeck Republic as Czechia from 1945 to nowdays. It is normal you called it also ! It is like China and Taiwan. True name of China is Popular Republic of China, and ture name of Taiwan is Republic of China. But it is far easier to name PRC just Chine, and because Republic of China control only Taiwan island, and PRC is already nicknamed China, Republic of China is nicknamed Taiwan. The true name are never used in these cases, and Like we use China and Taiwan, we used the nickname Czechia when his name was Czeck Republic
@titimathrosgui5109 so usa English is the anomaly, were the namw Czech republic was the common name as well?
@@erdood3235 no. Official name in whatever you lived was Czech Republic. but everyone nicknamed Czechia becaus easier to say. nickname don't want to say you think it's name is that. For example stupid people nickname France "Baguette", because it is our most known food the Frensh bread baguette. But they know we are France and not "Baguette". In France offical name was République Tchèque, but it was common, when talking aubout it, we nicknamed it Tchéquie because easier to say.
Castilla is a term that was never abandoned. It still stands as one of the most important regions of Spain. In fact, most spaniards state that they speak castilian (castellano) rather than spanish (español), because the language originated there.
From Split, Dalmatia, I say that Albania (and Kosova) is Illyria and the Albanians, having preserved their original language, are Illyrians.
Ireland was originally Éiru then became Éire which it still is, but to the Romans, it was called Hibernia, and the term Ireland comes from Iverne
Ruthenia is a shared heritage of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, just like Carolingian Empire is a shared heritage of France, Germany, Italy and Benelux countries
And Rusyns
Got to scrap Italy out of that. France probably soon too as it has become fashionable for the French to act as if France = Latinized Gaul and deny there ever having been any Germanic shenanigan going on in their ´precious Gaul‘ even though the terms France and French are directly based on a Germanic tribe 😂😂
Only that Ruthenians were Orthodox Christians. Which rules out Ukrainians and a part of Belarusians - two anyway dodgy nationalities largely shaped out much like the Yugoslav ones.... in the 20th century.
The inhabitants of Ruthenia called their land Rus. Rus is the common heritage of BelaRUSians and Ukrainians. Russia (Muscovy until the 18th century) claims that it is also the heir, but this is a lie. A thief is not the heir of stolen property. Similarly, an empire is not the heir of enslaved territories.
@@LVolodymyrUkraine & Belarus did not exist until 1917.
Great information, as always. BTW You mentioned before that you live in Portugal, how did you become so fluent in English?
And that is why Bohemians, I mean Czechs, can drink so much beer. The end.
The word Ukraine has its own meaning and it is not the only area with that name. It means that something at the end (of the territory) is the border of the empire. Those who guarded the borders of the empire lived there. In the case of today's Ukraine, it was the border of the Russian Empire. For example, today's Croatia was the border of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and there was (U) Krajina. It's just that here they were Serbs and Croats and they didn't become something else, that is, they didn't change their nationality. Krajina did not become a separate state. Each empire had its border guards who lived on the border (U Krajina) of the empire, but here, due to the similarity of the language, the name is similar and even the same, while in some third examples it is of course different. Due to special circumstances, Ukraine became a state and over time developed a special identity and language, but it is hard to deny that they were Russians.
Ukraine, it's name and everything else is much older than russian empire
I will also try to conclude to the Bohemia - Czechia discussion. The present day Czechia consists of three parts - Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Bohemia doesn't make up the whole of the Czech republic, it is just one of the three territories. In the past, the three territories were also not called "Bohemia" but the "Lands of the Czech crown" and it is much the same today with the Czech republic. Also, many people who live on the Moravian territory see themselves specifically as Moravians rather than Czechs and they often make distinctions between the country they live in, Czechia, and the territory, Bohemia, which they don't see as theirs. So it makes sense that the country wanted to dissociate itself from the term Bohemia and create a new inclusive name. In the Czech language, Bohemia is called Čechy. This way, the term Česko makes more sense, as it is quite similar to the name of the original territory. It also explains why the change from Bohemia to Czechia happened to people who only know the English terms, which do not sound similar at all. I would say the video covers the problematic quite well. Hope this helps!
Switzerland is a funny case. Helvetia is actually a new term, not an old term as it was reintroduced by Napoleon who had based it on a people that used to live there in ancient time but had long ceased to exist there. Its based on an old people, but the term itself is not old. The term Switzerland is actually older.
Bohemia=Czechia - Czech Republic= Czechia/Bohemia + Moravia
Agree! My great-grandparents lived in Moravia, but walked to school in Bohemia.
They lived right on the line.
not only do the names of countries and regions change over time, many of them also have different names in different languages which can make it even more confusing.
As for Rus, one of the arguments why Ukrainians have the right to inherit the legacy of Rus is the fact that both the territories and the people associated with the "brand" Ruthenia were historically associated only with the small lands of Rus, which are today Ukraine. Although the territories of Belarus and modern Russia were part of Rus, only the southern principalities (Kyiv, Chernihiv and Volyn-Galician) were the leading principalities of Rus, while the others simply paid tribute and submitted to the Mongol invasion of Rus. The works of Arab historians, such as "The Borders of the World" for example, can serve as confirmation of my words.
Polack didn't fall under Mongols, under very long Rurik's subbranch in Polack (descendants of Rahvałod through Rahnieda, and hers son from Uładzimir -> Iziasłaŭ which was kind of banned/disinherited by Uładzimir) were very autonomous and didn't participate in stair-inheritance system of the rest of Ruś, which form system much more similar to European feudal. It is one of the most important pillar of Belarusian state then.
the former Rus (or in Latin Ruthenia) now is Ukraine and so called ruZia was moscovy!
@@wladjarosz345 it is true, the only real part of Ruś they have conquered was Novgorod which they totally massacred TWICE.
Been to Prague some years ago and I really like it.
Prosim Praha 😀
I propose calling "Russia" Moscovy.
you could propose calling Belarus polotsk and ukraine Kiev aswell
England is Londonia, France is Parisia, Germany is Berlinia, Poland is Warsawia...
@@RedKryska "London is the capital of Paris, and Paris is the capital of Rome, and Rome-no, that's all wrong, I'm certain!"
Bohemia always was an exonym. Czechs themselves, deriving their heritage from the legendary brothers Czech and Lech, with Lech becoming the ancestor of the Polish, were always calling their homeland Czechia.
Interesting but I think entire topic is wrongly presented. Romania, Spain, Czechia sure could be but rest of examples are extreamly small connection between original name/country and current one. Ilyria has completely different culture and people then current slavic croats, ruthenia was short living state and has even longer connection then lithuania (in the same land).
Dood your voice sounds like Walter Koenig! 😊❤
Interestingly, name of Russia is partly an old historical revisionism (in a bad sense), before late 17th century/early 18th century "Russia" almost never referred to the lands under Moscow's rule, but rather to the historical lands of Rus', which were mostly under Lithuania and/or Poland. This rewriting of history began with establishment of Russian Empire, and was especially intense under Catherine II, tho a lot of people still called Russia Muscovy/Muscovia well into 19th century.
There's a French map from 1868 by Casimir Delamarre that said "Between Muscovy and Poland, lie the Russians, whose name Muscovites usurped by conquering them."
Or Moscovia by Antonio Possevino from 1587, and I'm gonna wrote few lines because for me they're pretty funny showing this attitude of russians that seemingly didn't change in 5 centuries: "This attitude has led the Grand Princes of Muscovy to refer to themselves in their speeches, their rescripts, and on their coinage as Lords of All Russia, even though much of what they call Russia is in the hands of the Polish King. In addition to the list of titles he desires to use, such as Tsar of Kazan and Astrakhan, the present prince, Ivan Vasilyevich, when writing to the Turks has on occasion ordered himself called Emperor of Germany as well. When coveting Livonia and casting an eye on Prussia, Ivan claimed that he was descended from a brother of Augustus Ceasar called Prus [...]".
Giving yourself titles based on the lands you rule over is nothing out of the ordinary, which is why a large number of Polish kings held the title of King/Grand Duke of Russia, but russians or rather Muscovites were just next level of copeing.
Tell me you are from butthurt belt without telling you are from butthurt belt:
@@bloodkelp He's Polish, lol. The belters are easy to spot.
@@bloodkelp Hey mate, not my problem historical facts hurt your butt
@@bloodkelp it's not my problem with your butt hurts because of historical facts
It referred tot he historical lands of Rus AND the current lands of the Rus people, of which the vast majority was part of Russia, not Poland.
I like how you nailed the name Zalmoxis.
your opinion about Kievan Rus and Ruthenia is correct and fully reasoned. It is not appropriate to call Kyivan Rus' the ancestor of Muscovy, and the name "Russia" is stolen in order to attribute the medieval state of Rus to itself. But, an interesting fact: Ukrainians who live near the Carpathians are still called Rusyns, and I personally also sometimes call myself a Rusyn, as a descendant of the medieval Kyivan state
Typical ukrainian. Your bs very easily debunked by historical documents.
"It is not appropriate to call Kyivan Rus' the ancestor of Muscovy,"
it is? Who do u trace back muscovy to, then? The english?
Explore the diverse landscapes of European countries with this interactive geography map! From the towering Alps to the sprawling plains, discover how each country's terrain shapes its culture and history.
You haven’t arrived early dracoreid1442
He's so cute! Great video!
what about Muscovia to russia?
interesting story with stealing history
І хто у кого історію краде?
You might have covered Dalmatia instead of Illyria, as Illyria covers an area that today has several countries while Dalmatia is mostly owned by Croatia today.
"Kievan" Rus is a term that was coined very recently during the Soviet times mainly to distinguish it from earlier "Novgorodian" Rus that emerged after Nordic tribes took control over the population of modern North Eastern Russia that was multiethnic (Uralic, Slavic and Baltic in pretty equal proportions). Many researchers link the word "Rus" to the Finnish term for Sweden - "Ruotsi", indicating the Viking/Varangian rule over the new country that later expanded southward. Ukraine, Belarus and Russia are equal successors of that state and your biased opinion that other countries have less claim to this ancestry than Ukraine because Kyiv/Kiev was its (late) capital is completely ill-intended.
Ukraine claims Kyivan princes were Ukrainian. What claim Russia and Belarus have on this city?
@@sircatangry5864 u know the ukraine means land around right?
@@reddimine Ukraine would've had "the" if territory of Russia was a giant ocean than, if Ukraine would've been Peninsula you could say "The Ukraine".
But as it stands today, Ukraine is sovereign country.
Ukraine means "In country" "U-in, Kraine-country"
@@sircatangry5864 nah, blatant piece of lie, U means to this day, NEXT TO, so the ukraine literally translates to, country next to. LOL
@@sircatangry5864 but hey i know u are an american and u didnt even know that ukraine existed and you found out about it like a year ago, but that doesnt make you expert at anything, go read more wikipedia pages... LOL
Bohemia is derived from the ancient term 'Boiohaemum' which means 'Mountains of the Boii', the Boii being a Celtic tribe. Modern Czechia includes both Bohemia and Moravia, which is why it is not Bohemia - QED. Both Bohemia and Moravia were former kingdoms.
John the Blind or John of Luxembourg, was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50. Blind as he was, he had his companions lead his horse up to the English lines, where, predictably, he and his companions were killed. His gallantry, however, led the Black Prince to adopt his insignia of feathers and motto 'Ich Dien' (I serve), which remain in use by the Prince of Wales to this day.
There is a lot of heat, presumably from Czech nationalists, about it always being Czechia. This is largely nonsense, the people were always Czechs, but a people is not always a geographical or political entity. The Czechs, and plenty of Germans, prior to 1945, lived in the geographical districts of Bohemia and Moravia, not in a geographical entity known as Czechia. The political control changed a lot over time from 'Great Moravia' through Carolingian Frankish overlordship to Bohemia being a kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire, through The Hapsburg Empire and then Czechoslovakia ending with Czech Republic and Czechia. If Czechia was an old geographical or political term, why were its kings called Kings of Bohemia?
Bohemia = possession of the Boii, Bavaria = land of the Boii.
@@jankolman8064 Baiuvarii, 'settlers in the Boii lands'. Haemum/haemus is mountain, as in the Haemus Mountains the Ancient Greek term for the Balkan Range. The Boii were a well-travelled and split up tribe, also found in Italy.
The term "Czech" and "Czechis" are terms from the Slavic Czech language and is therefore not often known abroad, although these terms have been used from the beginning to the present day. Czechia is considered one of the most stable state formations in Europe, lasting over 1,000 years. This state disappeared from European awareness the most in the 19th century, after the formation of the German nation, when the Austrians and the Habsburgs, who had joined this German nation, tried to divide and destroy it, because they needed it to feed them (the Austrian lands were very poor until the 20th century and only in the 60s of the 20th century did they overtake the Czechia in terms of living standards). The kings of Bohemia were the masters of Czechia, as the Austrian dukes were the masters of Austria, and the term Czech as a Slavic synonym for the term Bohemian was always used.
@@urseliusurgel4365 The word "Haemus" refers to "Mount Haemus", which refers to a mountain range in the Balkan region, known as Haemus mons, which is the ancient name for the mountain range that is now called the Balkan Mountains.
@@jankolman8064 Haemus is believed to ultimately derive from a Thracian word meaning 'salmon mountain'. The Greeks and Romans later transposed the name for the Balkan Range to similar sierras, hence Boiohaemum.
6:57 Romanian map from 1855 with Transylvania?
Throughout the majority of its history, Transylvania was either an independent vassal state or fully autonomous. It’s not a “Romanian map” it’s just a historical map!
It's a map of the regions inhabited by Romanians. The country didn't even exist in 1855. In the Romanian language the people had always called themselves Romanian and "Romania" essentially means land or territory of Romanians.
Haha, your ad for Lingopie was interrupted by an ad! How very UA-cam!!