When books and lecture didn't seem to explain the concept well. I use to watch your videos and I swear it make the concept go right through in the mind. Keep going. 🌸😊
Been struggling with it for over a year now!!!!! Watched and finally understood it today.Khan academy is truly an epitome of helping millions realize their dreams through free education❤❤❤
notice how he made sure to use a subtle color to demonstrate the hydrogen bonds... that alone tells u how much work he puts into the videos he makes for us... legend
I just wanna say something... I LOVE YOU!!! you keep saving my life over and over again :D I actually understand more from your videos than I do from my teacher.
u are one of the greats living today...........i think you must b given a award or something for ur very helpful videos.....the advantage is that u r teaching it sincerely.....not like most of our teachers.....thanks sir...
i had two midterms... for Orgo part one- i got 90 on my first midterm and and 79 on the second one. It honestly suprised me because i was very weak in my first year chem classes. anyways it's all thanks to the khanacademy instructor, a bit of motivation and LOTS of practice, and i mean LOTS. and if you are wondering i did donate my money (i had a job at the time) to a local charity here in Toronto (covenant house)-about $1000
Seriously! I am going through that now in a way, just started Ochem and my professor just ah, I don't understand him. Life saver right here! Good luck :)
at my school they teach that a double headed arrow means the movement of and electron pair and a single headed arrow means the movement of a single electron. so it may differ but there has to be a way to distinguish between the movement of a single electron and a pair of electrons
Sir, the best way to explain resonance in benzene, is through the valence bond theory to account for the resonating strs. This theory which insists on the fact that covalent bond is two electron bond. So, if we draw benzene with sigma bonds, and the six carbon atoms with their pz orbitals containing one electron each, we can get the two resonating strs. After that, the we can go to the molecular orbital theory, to describe the resonance, by unifying the six pz orbitals of carbon atoms into six molecular orbitals three of bonding contain the six pz electrons, two for each of them, and three unoccupied antibonding M. O. This is represented by benzene ring with a circle inside.
@Mona Pap The reason for the -2/3 instead of a -1/3 charge on each oxygen would be true IF, the molecule itself was neutral. In this case carbonite ion has a negative -2 charge, thus giving each oxygen the lowest charge of -2/3 to form a total charge of -2 (-2/3 * 3 = -2). Hope this helps if you have not gotten an answer already.
I used to find this videos insufferably slow at times, but now i realize i can just play them at 1.25 and suddenly the drawing dosnt take eons! great video thanks!
He may have meant he could understand the concept and comprehend the language. Just because some words are synonyms doesn't mean they have the exact same meaning. There are various definitions of the word "understand" and the word "comprehend".
Sadly, this isn't the song resonance. But this is knowledge this is power. Life is amazing, just like when you burn yourself. Sure, it's bad but it feels apive
1 double bond is being shared at three places, hence (1/3) of a double bond. But there are two "-1" charges on two Oxygen (first Lewis diagram), hence (-2/3) charge being shared.
Who said Resonance cannot be fun! So beautifully explained. Just a doubt, is Resonance a naturally ongoing process among certain compounds (just like how breathing is to living organisms)?
SAL u are gr8 every video is made with such a technique that i love it thanks and ya i agree that u must be given a award.........keep up the good work....
thx aloot for such a great explanation.....the major advantage is that the accent is not very fast....through which i could understand.is there any explanation about resonance of phenolll..
You do need two electrons. The other electron in the carbonate ion example comes from the carbon atom. So there are always electrons from carbon per bond.
hey,that oxygen has a neg charge with means it has one electron extra so now it gave one electron to carbon and they form a bond.' just noticed this comment was 6years ago,and I can tell u know more than me graduated ?!!
If it weren't for Sal and PatrickJMT there's no way I could have gotten the 3.87 gpa I did last year. If I am ever successful, it's because of incredible people like them.
@nightmare4eVerr1 C=O Does have 8 electrons. He is counting it differently. Two lone pair electrons (i.e. 4 e), 1 sigma bond (i.e. 2 e) & finally 1 pi bond (i.e. 2 e)
Sal, is it you or me with yellow green color blindness? 3:08 :P Love your work - you're cutting down hours and hours of me revising through McMurray, just for this concept.
Doubt----One thing is strange of an electron... In the Carbonate(CO3^-2) from where the two single bonded oxygen atoms got single extra electrons? As oxygen have six electrons in its outer shell, it pairs covalently with carbon to fulfill the needed two, ..........but in the video its shown one atom is used in single bond with carbon and still oxygen is having 6 electrons on the side......(summing up 7 electrons with oxygen and a sigma bond)......so from where the oxygen took that one more electron??
Allen Walker resonance means thats bonds n electron can change the positions.. He just said to imagine a situation.. So that all resonance structures can b formed.... Imagine that these three structures are existing in some fraction of seconds for the same molecule.. So basically these are indistinguishable and the hybrid structure is considered true one however it is hypothetical structure
His examples explanation was good but he didn't explained the whole topic of resonace very well, he didn't went step wise, He started takling about examples 1st and he also didn't explained localization and de-localization...
probably late but Gaining more electrons than the valence shell is a negative charge since electrons have a negative charge. Taking away one or reducing it would leave a positive charge. Overall it has to do with the formal charges of atoms. For example the oxygen has neutral charge with 6 valence and a negative charge with 7 meaning one extra electron. Another thing that you might be confused about is valence electrons are only those on the outer shell meaning the element can bond with others to get the last electron in the case of carbonate carbon.
Why does sulfur dioxide have resonance when each atom has a formal charge of 0? I'm studying for the MCAT and this is from the Princeton Review book. It's driving me crazy.
@Ray12able so perhaps what u r saying is dat carbon must form only 2 bonds???? bt it isnt dat way....the 2 electrons in a bond (single bond) do nt belong to just i element invlvd in the bond formation.....two elements contribute 1 electron each ....hence carbon contributes its 4 valence electrons in making a bond with 4 monovalent species(for single bonds)....and eventually after the bond is formed the shared pair of electrons then blong to both the corspndng elements....hope that helps...
I'm so confused, is there a video before this I should watch? I don't get where 1/3 & 2/3 comes from. I get (or I at least think I get) that resonance to put much easier to understand is just moving the bonds around while still equaling the total # of valence electrons of the molecule.
Jessa Prince if you take one structure of carbonate ion into consideration, there are 3 bonds which can take place in the double bond. So with that one electron delocalising between the 3 bonds, it creates a 1/3 bond giving all the C-O bonds a 1 & 1/3 bond order. And for the formal charge of oxygen, there are three oxygen atoms which can have a formal charge, and in one stable structure, the overall sum of the formal charges is -2 (-1 on one O and -1 on another). I'm reality, that -2 charge is shared between 3 O atoms, thus it is a -2/3 formal charge in every O
Keep repeating yourself, Sal!! I don't mind. Helps me remember! You are awesome! You have helped me out so much. Keep up the great work!
yes bro
This was fan freaking tastic. The best explanation of resonance I've ever seen.
What are u doing now
@@asaha3650 wbu u bro wyd now
who ever you are, you're heaven sent
You made this concept so easy to understand. Props to you!
When books and lecture didn't seem to explain the concept well. I use to watch your videos and I swear it make the concept go right through in the mind. Keep going. 🌸😊
Ya,,, me too
Retoka
God bless you Sal...your videos have helped me boost my grades, from being an average student to being an A student. I cant thank you enough.
Thanks khan academy. You are so much better than Byjus who charge you money for explainations.
Been struggling with it for over a year now!!!!! Watched and finally understood it today.Khan academy is truly an epitome of helping millions realize their dreams through free education❤❤❤
I thought you were dead?
How the Hell do you draw so well with a mouse?
They use a tablet/stylus along with the smooth draw program.
Hans Schober they use a pen like on sp4
i am the 101st liker of this comment
AARJO BANERJEE and I am the 104 liker
Exactly
notice how he made sure to use a subtle color to demonstrate the hydrogen bonds... that alone tells u how much work he puts into the videos he makes for us... legend
I just wanna say something... I LOVE YOU!!! you keep saving my life over and over again :D I actually understand more from your videos than I do from my teacher.
Khan academy worth praise and a huge huge applause....
u are one of the greats living today...........i think you must b given a award or something for ur very helpful videos.....the advantage is that u r teaching it sincerely.....not like most of our teachers.....thanks sir...
11 minutes > 1 and a half with my teacher....huge thanks
1 and a half minutes with your teacher? 🤯
@@Salmanul_ i forgot to type hours haha
@@alielkadiki6081 you can edit the comment, you know?
@@thebatsbury8053 does it really matter ?
@@alielkadiki6081 yes it does
i had two midterms... for Orgo part one- i got 90 on my first midterm and and 79 on the second one. It honestly suprised me because i was very weak in my first year chem classes. anyways it's all thanks to the khanacademy instructor, a bit of motivation and LOTS of practice, and i mean LOTS. and if you are wondering i did donate my money (i had a job at the time) to a local charity here in Toronto (covenant house)-about $1000
Even after 10 years...
It is so helpful..
Education kbhi bekar nhi jati😃
Seriously! I am going through that now in a way, just started Ochem and my professor just ah, I don't understand him. Life saver right here! Good luck :)
This is just amazing.The textbook s r never enough to explain this concepts rather than only narrating their names
Wow, i finally understand resonance. Thank you Khan Academy :)
Brilliant explanation of resonance in organic chemistry,it's very very easy to understand and comprehend.
Sir fr now u r my god fr exam I should pray u fr such a nice explanation.... Thanks 🙏from my bottom of my 💖hearts
Sir , that was a epic explanation, in india the books given has so much less explanation, salute to you guys
thank you very much khan! you are the best teacher ever seen on this earth
at my school they teach that a double headed arrow means the movement of and electron pair and a single headed arrow means the movement of a single electron. so it may differ but there has to be a way to distinguish between the movement of a single electron and a pair of electrons
sal is so good at teaching organic :'(
The explaination was really helpful. Thanks! :)
Sir, the best way to explain resonance in benzene, is through the valence bond theory to account for the resonating strs. This theory which insists on the fact that covalent bond is two electron bond. So, if we draw benzene with sigma bonds, and the six carbon atoms with their pz orbitals containing one electron each, we can get the two resonating strs. After that, the we can go to the molecular orbital theory, to describe the resonance, by unifying the six pz orbitals of carbon atoms into six molecular orbitals three of bonding contain the six pz electrons, two for each of them, and three unoccupied antibonding M. O. This is represented by benzene ring with a circle inside.
So good, you just eliminated one of my fears.
@Mona Pap
The reason for the -2/3 instead of a -1/3 charge on each oxygen would be true IF, the molecule itself was neutral. In this case carbonite ion has a negative -2 charge, thus giving each oxygen the lowest charge of -2/3 to form a total charge of -2 (-2/3 * 3 = -2). Hope this helps if you have not gotten an answer already.
The moment when you find out that the thing you're confused with is something Khan Academy covers... Is a good one :)
I used to find this videos insufferably slow at times, but now i realize i can just play them at 1.25 and suddenly the drawing dosnt take eons! great video thanks!
When your trying to find vaporware and come across something that will actually help you in the future.
PoopandPeeplease SAME
Lmao same
You're*
He may have meant he could understand the concept and comprehend the language. Just because some words are synonyms doesn't mean they have the exact same meaning. There are various definitions of the word "understand" and the word "comprehend".
Sadly, this isn't the song resonance. But this is knowledge this is power. Life is amazing, just like when you burn yourself. Sure, it's bad but it feels apive
1 double bond is being shared at three places, hence (1/3) of a double bond.
But there are two "-1" charges on two Oxygen (first Lewis diagram), hence (-2/3) charge being shared.
Who said Resonance cannot be fun! So beautifully explained. Just a doubt, is Resonance a naturally ongoing process among certain compounds (just like how breathing is to living organisms)?
It is just a theoretical concept which explains the stability of compounds.
Best video of Resonance
SAL u are gr8
every video is made with such a technique that i love it
thanks and ya i agree that u must be given a award.........keep up the good work....
OHH..what a video .rly 2 helpful .awesome visualization .awesome accent ...HATS OFF . &thnks for such explanation
I remeber this in elementary school this man is a legend with the mouse
You are so much clearer than my lecturers. I feel like I should be paying you not them : /
Release the device and the program you use to illustrate these concepts so well 😱👌🏾
good explaination of topics in a very simple manner
that awkward moment when you arrive at the wrong video, expecting khan to explain sound resonance in physics
Dude this was 11 years ago.. are you still alive?
@@prisha1050 yea im still around, Im now 11 years older
thx aloot for such a great explanation.....the major advantage is that the accent is not very fast....through which i could understand.is there any explanation about resonance of phenolll..
It sounds like you need only one electron to form a bond. It's a bit confusing
You do need two electrons. The other electron in the carbonate ion example comes from the carbon atom. So there are always electrons from carbon per bond.
hey,that oxygen has a neg charge with means it has one electron extra so now it gave one electron to carbon and they form a bond.'
just noticed this comment was 6years ago,and I can tell u know more than me graduated ?!!
@@silvershades6081 Lol, thanks for the explanation tho
@@morgoth93 haha, your welcome!
If it weren't for Sal and PatrickJMT there's no way I could have gotten the 3.87 gpa I did last year. If I am ever successful, it's because of incredible people like them.
@nightmare4eVerr1
C=O Does have 8 electrons. He is counting it differently.
Two lone pair electrons (i.e. 4 e),
1 sigma bond (i.e. 2 e) & finally
1 pi bond (i.e. 2 e)
Thank you for ur awesome videos you are super awesome and your videos are very much help full!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Thanks a lot sir
Amazing lec especially the example that you give thank you much 😊
your videos are very helpful and easy to understand... come teach my university chemistry classes!!!
Love this Khan academy.
Thank you very much
This was really helpful ..Can u plz make an explanation on I-effect & R-effect ??
Sandy Bieber R-effect is resonance ..u mean E-effect?
I was supposed to be studying MCAT but decided to search Resonance by Home and the search result showed me this video...
تمام شكرا استفدت كتير
thank you i really gained much information from this vedio
Thank you Sir.You're a bright example to students and an inspiration to many teachers.
great and thanks! does this phenomenon happen with all organic molacules
@nightmare4eVerr1
1 bond is made up of 2 electrons.So 2 bonds=4 electrons and is already has 4 electrons so total=8.
why would it be - 2/3 charge on each oxygen atom? why isn't is -1/3?
Put your hands in the sky when we …….. rEsOnAtE 😎
Good explanation about the basic concept of Resonance. My best wishes are with you. Keep it up.
I wold love to see your lecture on nanotechnology! It is hard to grasp!
MAN.....why didn't you make O chem videos a semester ago!!!! this would've made my life a lot easier to make my A
Thank you sir. This is so much helpful.
@alkmaher its 1/3 of a double bond, and 4/3 of a single bond
so resonance is about electronic rearrangement ,not atomic rearrangement???!!!
( 11 years ago) man , am I that old?
12 years now
I came here looking for vaporwave but this acually helped me
Knowledge is Power and it Is an easy and fun way to make people involved with the ordinary natural occurances
PLEASE! STOP REPEATING YOURSELF ALL THE TIME! Love your videos Sal, but you really do repeat yourself alot! ;) thx m8
He thinks that the viewer of the video can be at any level of aptitude so for making it easy to understand he repeats himself.
@@aasimali6937 bruh you're replying to a 9 year old comment .you're a legend
@@vigneshv3846 We both are legends because both of us came to read the 9 year old comment. XD
@@aasimali6937yea wonder if he's alive now🤔🤔
@@vigneshv3846 That made me laugh hard.😂😂😂
Funny how I just re-studied Resonance. If only this was posted 2 weeks ago when I had my test lol
That's me every semester of uni, if it wasn't for Sal i would have had so much trouble cramming my way through first year haha
It was great explanation...cleared my many doubts...but I didn't understood how half or one-third bond is possible..... any help
but according to my lecture notes, they said, curly arrow represent movement of pairs of electrons and not a single electron?
@junior1984able benzene because it has a ring of delocalised electrons
Sal, is it you or me with yellow green color blindness? 3:08 :P Love your work - you're cutting down hours and hours of me revising through McMurray, just for this concept.
Good video, Sal, but at 9:23, too many electrons around the top O (as it's drawn, there are 9 electrons around the O).
After watching this I think I understood resonance for the first time ... After already completing this chapter and giving the xam .😅
Amazing explanation 👌🌹
I will donate too
My professor should just play youtube videos during class apparently. I'd definitely learn more that way lol
Thank you for sharing your knowlege.
Doubt----One thing is strange of an electron...
In the Carbonate(CO3^-2) from where the two single bonded oxygen atoms got single extra electrons?
As oxygen have six electrons in its outer shell, it pairs covalently with carbon to fulfill the needed two, ..........but in the video its shown one atom is used in single bond with carbon and still oxygen is having 6 electrons on the side......(summing up 7 electrons with oxygen and a sigma bond)......so from where the oxygen took that one more electron??
2:43 Nice benzene logo. Mind if I take it XD
Organic chem is so cool. I feel like Walter white when I'm making chains and cycles of carbon to make meth in class, using models
Sorry I meant the nitrogens lone pair plays a role in pyridines resonance structure.
At 8:00 why were the electrons of O with double bond was giving electrons and the others were taking electrons.
Allen Walker resonance means thats bonds n electron can change the positions.. He just said to imagine a situation.. So that all resonance structures can b formed.... Imagine that these three structures are existing in some fraction of seconds for the same molecule.. So basically these are indistinguishable and the hybrid structure is considered true one however it is hypothetical structure
His examples explanation was good but he didn't explained the whole topic of resonace very well, he didn't went step wise, He started takling about examples 1st and he also didn't explained localization and de-localization...
i'm crying this is so wonderful :')
so when oxygen loses an electron ( I counted 7) it gets a negative charge? Shouldn't it be a positive charge since it should have 8?
probably late but Gaining more electrons than the valence shell is a negative charge since electrons have a negative charge. Taking away one or reducing it would leave a positive charge. Overall it has to do with the formal charges of atoms. For example the oxygen has neutral charge with 6 valence and a negative charge with 7 meaning one extra electron.
Another thing that you might be confused about is valence electrons are only those on the outer shell meaning the element can bond with others to get the last electron in the case of carbonate carbon.
AwesomeAggron tq bro am confused bt after seeing ur answer it was really helpful to me 😃
Thanks for this. So useful.
Why does sulfur dioxide have resonance when each atom has a formal charge of 0? I'm studying for the MCAT and this is from the Princeton Review book. It's driving me crazy.
Does all the compounds showing resonance under go hybridisation???
Yes and no
@Ray12able so perhaps what u r saying is dat carbon must form only 2 bonds????
bt it isnt dat way....the 2 electrons in a bond (single bond) do nt belong to just i element invlvd in the bond formation.....two elements contribute 1 electron each ....hence carbon contributes its 4 valence electrons in making a bond with 4 monovalent species(for single bonds)....and eventually after the bond is formed the shared pair of electrons then blong to both the corspndng elements....hope that helps...
I'm so confused, is there a video before this I should watch? I don't get where 1/3 & 2/3 comes from. I get (or I at least think I get) that resonance to put much easier to understand is just moving the bonds around while still equaling the total # of valence electrons of the molecule.
Jessa Prince if you take one structure of carbonate ion into consideration, there are 3 bonds which can take place in the double bond. So with that one electron delocalising between the 3 bonds, it creates a 1/3 bond giving all the C-O bonds a 1 & 1/3 bond order. And for the formal charge of oxygen, there are three oxygen atoms which can have a formal charge, and in one stable structure, the overall sum of the formal charges is -2 (-1 on one O and -1 on another). I'm reality, that -2 charge is shared between 3 O atoms, thus it is a -2/3 formal charge in every O
Loved it Sal !
if i get a 70 % on my ORGO midterm on october 15th i will donate half my allowance to charity!
Why is it that resonance takes place only if the molecule is planar ?
do you give lectures on GRE? For non-English speakers that would be of great help.