I have these links in the description, but just in case they're missed: Biblio & Images Used: www.patreon.com/posts/witch-hat-images-42866439 (They're too long for the description 😂) Burnley & Trowbridge's Mantua-Making Workshop: bit.ly/mantuamakingbt @Rowan Ellis's Video on Cottagecore: ua-cam.com/video/5odKiL7jRW0/v-deo.html And with that, I'm going to go take a massive nap and be a potato for the next couple of days because this video wore me out. 😂❤️
This video was amazing! Nothing gives me all the fee-fees (thank you for my new word, btw!) that a properly researched piece. This witch gives this video 5 witches hats out of 5 witches hats!
Imma just gonna place this here below your links as it's a link: To those who are, or at some point will be, close to southern Denmark (Ribe) there's a wonderful museum called HEX ... Or you know, who might just find it interesting. hexmuseum.dk/?lang=en
I am a Quaker woman. I just want to say how much I appreciate the good representation you've given here. Even in modern times there are so many misconceptions about Quakers and Quaker history that it's incedibly refreshing to see someone who's actually done their research.
Friend speaks my mind! (Quaker speak for YAAAAS!” :) Abby, this is a wonderful piece of work and our whole family really enjoyed all the details you so carefully laid out, and the humor! Quaker dress history is one reason I love to do historic education interpretation. Thee has done well. Much gratitude.
Loved it, quick note from a Quaker woman, Quaker women were absolutely actively and intentionally challenging gender norms of the time. The Quakers view all members as equal regardless of age, gender, race, sexuality, etc. Its one of the big reasons they were so targeted by the establishment at the time. They were some of the first to advocate for women's liberation and anti-slavery laws. I learned a lot about the hats! Great video 😚
Along the same lines, it is worth noting that of the three organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 -- which marked the start of the suffrage and women's liberation movement in the United States, two were Quakers, Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony. Alice Paul, the woman who led the final push to propose and ratify the 19th Amendment, was also a Quaker. Quaker women -- astronomer Maria Mitchell, naturalist Lucy Say, ornithologist Graceanna Lewis, metallurgist Ursula Franklin, and astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell -- were often trailblazers in scientific endeavors because Friends taught their daughters when it was socially and sometimes legally forbidden for women to go to school.
I had no idea of this history. I was not raised as a quaker but my mom was obsessed with the faith. It turns out, when she was a child and very poor, her neighbor , an elderly quaker woman "hired" her to do chores. This woman took her under her wing and basically mentored her and left an impression on her forever of her kindness.
I'm Quaker, Abby, I can't even express how excited I am that you called us sex perverts! More often, we get confused for Shakers, who were celibate (and also died out. It turns out that babies matter.) It's really terrible in the dating scene. I'm going to wear my pointed hat to Meeting for Worship next firstday in honor of our ancestors. Thanks for this well made video. I'm sharing it everywhere.
Etymological note: You mention spinners, weavers and brewers as particular targets of witch hunters. The -ster suffix is feminine. So Webster (a woman weaver) and Brewster (a woman brewer) both survive as surnames. Spinster (a woman spinner - originally a woman beyond the common age for spinning since young women graduated to weaving once they mastered (mistressed?) spinning - survives as a word for an unmarried woman, and, by extension, an old maid.
@@erraticonteuse, maybe. But surnames were differentiators. So you might be the son of the (woman) brewer rather than the son of an unremarkable father. However, extra-marital sex wasn’t invented in the 20th century. I read once that births to mothers not married to fathers at time of conception was as common in American colonial times as now; but in colonial times couples were expected to marry - and did. Evidently itinerant preachers often married a couple and baptized their first child on the same day.
@@extrae905 All those classes are behind me, haha. I did want to take anthro...but it wasn't available 2 semesters in a row and I couldn't afford to put it off any longer. I needed to finish out my classes. I'm still using my Pell to pay for a lot of stuff and they only pay for the things that contribute to my degree schedule. I did take a femme fatale literature course that went into witches/women's spirituality and it was really great.
Another important note is that the term "Quaker" was itself meant to be derogatory. It was was meant to mock a speach that George Fox made. They took it and ran with it. The fact that our hat is now used to represent rebellion and has transformed from a symbol of sexism to a symbol of pushing the social norms, is perfect. As a Quaker, I whole heartedly approve. I love the amount of care and research that went into this.
So people of your religion took what used to be derogatory term and made it their own? If yes, that is soo cool. I'm an atheist but quakerism (at least some branches of it, from what I learned about it) is deffinitely one of the religions I can genuinelly respect.
@@elenanojkovic2554 we made it our own *surprisingly* quickly! I read Kate Peters' thesis on early Quaker print publications, and the word "QUAKER" in all-caps really big on the front of our tracts was super common. It was a really successful branding campaign.
I love that all my favorite historical clothing UA-camrs are friends and support each other's projects. We need more of that and less drama. It warms my heart.
The black conical women's hat continued to be in fashion in Wales up until the end of the 19th century, and is considered an essential element of Welsh traditional costume. The Welsh, in English popular culture, were associated with magic and the supernatural. If anyone was going to be suspected of witchcraft in England, it would be the old Welsh lady with the weird hat who was always muttering in a strange language. I always assumed that the cartoon witch costume was somehow connected to this Welsh fashion.
Historian of Witchcraft, the Occult, and attitudes toward death here. 👋 It's important to note that the history of witches is not only the history of gender, but also of class. There WERE men accused of witchcraft (though not nearly as many as women, obvi) but the majority of these were poor men. For example, two males were hanged as witches during the trial of the so-called Pendle witches. These were dirt poor males from matriarchal families. In contrast, "Sorcerers", "Magicians", "Alchemists", etc were titles used for WEALTHY males who studied and practiced magic.
@@meaganwallwork5395 I got my undergrad degree from Kansas State University where I took courses in Colonial America, the history of Medicine, the history of Death and Dying, history of the Occult, religious studies, folklore, and the psychology of religion. For my master's degree I attended a religious history program. Academia is a wreck right now because of funding issues (esp history departments) and there's basically no jobs for those with my expertise, so I'm writing books and lectures as an independent scholar.
Ok, I'm female, not quite old, but getting older, sometimes like to go naked, have long hair, enjoy screaming, have a job, like goats, and the other day I rode the bus backwards. I can't quite claim to be able to fly or influence the weather, but otherwise, I fulfill all of the criteria.
I love that riding the bus backwards counts in your interpretation! Then I fulfill the criteria too. Sometimes, if it is important enough to me, I even experience (the imagination of) changing the weather according to my wishes... The only thing that is not fitting is the *long* hair. Yes... it grows since 'rhona's visit... but it's still short and I have no intend in changing that^^
Definitely agree! I giggled a little at the whole putting anti-Quakerism on the same level as anti-Semitism. We aren't really worried about being discriminated against anymore now that freedom of religion is a thing. We aren't really that physically identifiable anymore.
Sure but it is still connected to witchcraft and if you wear it I'd assume you are a witch. But it doesn't have to be only a witch or quaker thing it's one of those things that are rather universal. You can wear it. Just don't be surprised when people assume you are a witch. Or rather that you are insane. Because people don't know quakers or witcher are a thing nowadays.
Hey! I was raised a Quaker in the San Francisco bay area! I lost count how many time's I was asked: Dude why do your parents drive cars if you're a Quaker? Dude I'm not Amish was my teenage mantra.
@@stephenpmurphy591 Lol! I'm from the UK and our main chocolate companies were originally set up by Quakers and they were known for treating their staff really well so that's my main association with Quakers :)
Quakers: *are super accepting and open minded and treat everyone with respect and love their neighbors and are good over all as a culture* Medieval church: “HERESY!!”
Bit later than the medieval period. Pretty much every bad thing that isn't true for the medieval period is true for the seventeenth century. It was probably one of the most awful times in history to be alive.
Lol! I legitimately did not register that I said “medieval”. I was actually aware it was later in date. 😂😂😂 Bad me for typing too fast. @@runningcommentary2125
I'm late to the party but as a swede it made me happy to see you bringing up our easter witches! Funnily enough we also adopted the halloween witch in the late 1900s along with the holiday itself. So now we have both versions for different times of the year, also called different things. The easter witch is called a påskkärring which roughly translates to "easter hag", while the halloween witch called a häxa which could more accurately be translated as witch!
@@fnjesusfreak - More generally, north Germanic. In Standard German you have Hexe, Norwegian, Danish and Dutch all have heks. English is actually the odd one out, as "witch" likely derives from a Saxon word meaning "craft" or "wisdom."
This was incredibly refreshing to see some legitimate history in regards to witch's hats after seeing a certain fb group try to claim it was appropriation to refer to things as "witchy" if you aren't a practicing witch. Thank you for all the work you've put into this video and especially for debunking the alehouse origin claim.
Absurdity. Since magic doesn’t actually exist, anybody can declare themselves a practicing witch. Also, the word comes from the old Saxon, it was a title for an older woman elected to a position of governance. Look at the four decades dragging of Hillary, you get the whole history of witchcraft. 🙄
@Elizabeth Claiborne Also alottt of peope screaming cultural appropiation are for a lack of better term moronic. So many cultures love sharing them like the people who yelled about speedy gonzalas being appropiation and we know what happend there. Thats just one of many examples of people claming trivial crap is appropiation when alot of cultures love sharing there cultures.
As a former editor I love that you clearly define the terms you're using, and as a person who leans toward an end of the Kinsley scale, I appreciate that you've chosen to use inclusive language.
As a wiccan, I am so glad that she included us in the disclaimer... Nobody ever seems to do that, and misinformation runts all too rampant!!! Thanks Abby!!
@@hayden6054Google is free also you're literally watching a video about the history of a garment that was inspired by witchcraft and you clearly didn't actually watch it. It is a modern faith that has survived through the centuries based on ancient Celtic and other cultural ancient pre-christian faiths including the practice of witchcraft and older deities.
We're so delegitimize and disrespected that they don't usually even mention us even though we came before all of this nonsense and were oppressed completely to the point where people don't even think we exist anymore. We're not even allowed to bring up the burning times anymore bc it's "not as bad " as more recent atrocities like it's a competition. 😢
Oh my gosh, we have that "children dress up as witches in easter"-tradition in Finland too and it was incredibly fun to do! We had to wave a decorated budding willow branch and wish for health to the house and you'd typically get chocolate as a price!
Cottagecore witches at easter happens also in Finland, were they spell health for the next year with a willow branch in exchange for sweets. It may be because we used to be also part of Sweden before Russia and independence.
In Finland, the witches allegedly travelled to Kyöpelinvuori to party. In Sweden (and in some Swedish-speaking areas in Finland) they travelled to Blåkulla, which is similar to Kyöpelinvuori, but not identical. Blåkulla is a Swedish concept. Originally Kyöpelinvuori was a concept in pre-christian Finland, as it was an afterlife place for old respectable unmarried women. Surprise to no-one, it was later associated with witches, ’cause hey, OLD UNMARRIED WOMEN! A side fact: during the witch accusations and trials in Stockholm (around 1600-1700), Finnish women were overrepresented. This was propably because there were a lot poor, Finnish-speaking workers in Stockholm. Many of them didn’t know any Swedish, which made them vulnerable - and, well, Finns had a reputation as suspicious, witchy people. Fair enough, many knew some healing spells and rhymes. Many of the trial documents have been preserved and can still be seen in archives.
In Sweden the easterwitches hands out handmade cards and wishes the residents happy easter. In exchange the children recives sweets or pocket change. This tradition is believed to have started around early 1800s and was in the beginning adults and teenagers but gradually became popular among children. They dress in skirt, apron and shawl and both boys and girls do it.
As a medieval historian, I think you did an amazing job on this subject. Regarding the rise of persecution of witches in medieval Europe, I highly recommend R.I. Moore's The Formation of a Persecuting Society. I would also look at Carlo Ginzburg's The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
ooo I would love to read more. I studied the European Witch Craze a little at college, it was only a terms worth for our A level but it was so interesting, I would love it if I had a list of all the resources used by our tutor. Such an interesting time in social history.
Lots of people even beyond the Patriachy. I was raised a Quaker in the San Francisco bay Area.. My twin brother and I were called Oatmeal dude's in High School. Question asked constantly, Dude why do you have electricity if your a Quaker? Why do your parents drive cars if you're Quakers? Do you know how to milk cow's cause your Quaker? Yes I do. The Quaker's started the Abolitionist movement in America. Which wasn't popular within certain demographics in 19th century America.
Kudos to you for bringing up the Swedish easter tradition of kids dressing up as witches to beg for candy! And I just want to add that we also have this tradition in Finland.
Fortunately, Quakers ended up in the USA, where they had schools at reservations in the Ohio territory which was of benefit to Native Americans for they treated them as equals because all have the light of God. The Quakers were also the first group to recognise their error in owning slaves and they freed their slaves years before the broader movement to free the slaves. I'm not Quaker but hold then in high esteem. Their worship ideal was to sit in silence until someone was moved to stand and speak. Men and women were equal in this. Again, way awesome.
@@mgansworth78 not residential. The Quakers didn’t agree with the government abuses. The schools were one room, as were those in settlements all over. They taught the same basics. They gave my ancestors options.
As a Quaker, this segment is dope. ❤️ Tank you ❤️ My guide to making brave choices includes Mary Dyer (Boston Martyr). Alice Paul (Radical Suffragette) gets a nod; tho she should have been brave also for racial justice. It remains difficult to be a Quaker woman in mainstream Western culture--I now live in Massachusetts. I was asked at an interfaith event that all Quakers are sexual deviants & marry our cousins (in our pleasant "how do you do" starter hellos). Quakers are generally the same hundreds years later. My teens were very educated on sexual comprehensive health, LGBTQIA identity sexuality & value, sexual assault & dating abuse signs/consequences. I have stood up within my political government roles against leadership for progressive rights, equity, & antiviolence while being target of extreme political bullying by liberals in our Massachusetts small city. Many Quaker converts have preferred assimilation instead of standing as a lighthouse in a galewind. These converts and inclination towards conservative living has harmed our ability to raise millennial and Zoomers kids to be Quaker because we're losing our bravery, IMO. I encourage everyone to be brave and lean towards the "scary demands" of workers, young people, Black Brown Native communities & individuals, poor, and hard-pressed people. The demands are strident because the pain is extreme. Be brave ❤️
I’m an elder zoomer considering converting. This comment makes me want to do it even more - I so want to be in community with people who share my values of a radically inclusive, egalitarian world. Visiting a Quaker church during a college religious studies course made a huge impact on me. I grew up in a different Christian denomination (SDA) and have really missed the community aspect since I left the church a decade ago.
Many depictions I've seen of Mother Goose have her wearing a witch's hat. She's got some witch-like abilities, but she's usually depicted as wise and kind.
Vulcans are devoted to logic and do not profess belief in any supernatural power, good, evil, or in-between. The Vulcan mind meld is a physical form of contact between two brains, by a method that, presumably, Vulcans either evolved with or developed via meditative disciplines ages ago.
@@SecretSquirrelFun As a trekkie, one who specifically likes Vulcans more than any other of the aliens in the whole series, please don't think we're all like this. Also, the person is wrong. Vulcans do have the capacity to feel emotions and do as young, young children until it's taught out of them and how to control them so they can act on logic instead & the pursuit isn't just to not have emotions- it's their held beliefs that logic over emotion makes for a more peaceful society. There's a very heartbreaking episode where Spock goes back to his home planet and has flashbacks of the training they go through during childhood, and how because he was half human and had even stronger emotions he was bullied for it (and also for just being half human at all, Star Trek had the first interracial kiss on television and would heavily feature themes of equality and justice for everyone, and how the future could look if we all set aside our differences and cared for each other, it's actually a super good argument for why we should have a UBI & how people would absolutely still want to work if their needs were met but I digress lolol). One Google search of "do Vulcans have emotions" would tell ya this. Live long and prospurr my squirrelly friend 🖖🏻🖖🏻🖖🏻 [Get it, prospurr instead of prosper bc you're a squirrel and they have fur??? Ok bye I'll go home lolol]
@@lilithlaney1759 thank you thank you for all that information but.....I’m a Trekkie tooooooooo! I was laughing at the most random of connections (perhaps in this format I should have stated thus) but hey, thanks again lovely person xöx 🐿
@@lilithlaney1759 Vulcan emotions are never 'taught out of them'. Vulcans are highly emotional, passionate and violent as a species. Their turn to the teachings of Surak (not to be confused with Sarek) over the volatile culture of Zakal and other mind wizards and warlords happens at a pivotal point in their history, where they were at war with their own species and basically 'nuked' a large city on their twin planet. The Vulcan fascination with human culture is their ability not only to be capable of rational and logical thought but also to come to an equilibrium between their passions and their logical minds. Yes, they seem to look down on humans and their rash behavior but those who are in touch with their deeper knowledge of themselves and their history (dark as it is) are truly amazed by humans and hold them in high regard. The sickness of Sarek depicted in STTNG is a warning to us all. Suppression of emotion is not a healthy way to deal with them. Being able to separate what one feels from what one knows is important, but pretending to be without these things is utterly unhealthy. The Vulcans chose to pretend they could purge themselves of evil and ill doing by choosing logic over emotion but remember the logical choice bereft of morality is often evil.
Me, clicking on video a half hour after if posted: "Why on earth are there so many disagrees already, and on a dress history video of all things?" Abby: "SEXISM! ANTI-SEMITISM! BREAKING GENDER NORMS! SMASHING THE PATRIARCHY!" Me: "Ohhhhhh yeah. That'll do it." 😂
I saw those. And it made me wish that someone who dislikes a video like this made a supporting comment. Why no likie? Is it a reason that could be constructive criticism for the UA-camr? Someone with anti-witch beliefs?
@@MiniMidgMom Or it could just be someone triggered by all these new-fangled feminist ideas like the oppressive history of the misogynistic patriarchy, the benefits of female empowerment, the rejection of anti-Semitism and so on being spouted by mouthy women in the public square who should instead be tucked away in their homes quietly cooking, cleaning and looking after their households, for their own safety and the safety of others. *shrug* Some people just like to party like it's 1699.
The ironic thing is that YT doesn’t differentiate between thumbs up and thumbs down as far as the algorithm goes. So by hitting the thumbs down, they’re helping to promote the video. XD
The naked witch on the goat is holding a distaff, not a spindle. Still used in spinning yarn, but it does a different job and can be used with a spindle or a spinning wheel.
Yes! The spindle is visible though: it is stuck into the distaff on the upper left as she is not spinning at that moment. The distaff holds the unspun fiber, and you draw the fiber out to spin it into a thread on a spindle or spinning wheel. People often think that people who spun were also weaving, but this was not necessarily the case: a lot of spinsters or weavers specialised. By the way, it is some sort of magic to convert loose fiber into useable yarn just using a stick! (Various European spindles did not have a whorl, just some tapering).
@@annaapple7452 I couldn't see the spindle! It's always funny when people ask if I'm weaving or even sewing when I'm spinning, whether on a wheel or spindle. (Even when I'm using q wheel that looks like the one from sleeping beauty!)
@@kkcliffy2952 That's even worse than asking whether you are knitting when you're crocheting. The distinction between spinning and weaving and sewing is far more pronounced than between knitting and crocheting.
@@johannageisel5390 I know! I just have to laugh and educate them so they can tell the difference in the future. I thought there were enough spinning wheels and sewing machines on TV and in books for people to tell the difference, but I guess not!
Very good catch. As is the following post for noticing the spindle tucked away, as well. I’ve always thought the regenerative capability of women (with a little help 😉) is as close to magic as anything I can imagine.
I grew up in a small town in Indiana and though my parents were Catholic I attended Sunday school at the Friends meeting hall. Everything I remember about those sessions have stuck with me for over 50 years, I will always hold the Friends in high esteem.
Omg, I got a funny story to tell: So, I’m a Christian woman, and was a Christian girl. I’ve loved witches for almost as long as I remember, I even dressed as a witch for a few Halloweens and still have the hat. I love it when witches and magic come up (such as books and cartoons and anime), and so several years ago, long before I turned 18, on a St. Patrick’s Day, I bought a fairy-themed tarot box (I still have it) and played it with my friends. It was rather fun predicting the future, present, and past, and whether or not they matched up. And I’m gonna be 21 in a few days. It was only a couple months ago that I cracked open the Bible myself and Leveticus said “Do not practice divination or soothsaying…Do not go to mediums and consult fortune-tellers, for you will be defiled by them” But I say “f*ck that, I’m gonna yeet the anti-witchcraft out the window and laugh at it. Continue Life as witchly, if not more, as you were before!”
I love that this community seems to be so close! Discover one beautiful person sharing treasure troves of knowledge and tucked around her is an army of others!
Abby's witchy fee-fees and excitement over sweet little freckled, rosy cheeked, Swedish cottage-core witches filled my heart and made my whole week 🥰🥰🥰
I just stumbled across your channel today, and I think I am on my 4th video… I must say that I have never come across someone who uses so much tact in their language. It is a gift that not many people possess these days. BRAVO
You handle all your topics with such care even if they can touch upon sensitive subjects. It is always a joy for me to learn stuff from you as you have done a lot of wonderful research (fellow Ravenclaw here that feed on knowledge and deep analyses) and the way you talk about it is really inclusive. I appreciate all the work you put in!
A shocking amount of this I learned from my midwife when I was getting prenatal care. The history of midwifery is so shamefully broken down by the church's quest for power and social control.
Indeed. We had the 'midwife day' around the first full moon after xmas. Church changed it to St. Agueda, the precursor of 'woman day'. Now we have woman day whenever the polititian in charge decided. I want my 'midwife day' back, thankyou.
Just if anyone interested in how we used to celebrate that day: The midwife dressed in men clothes and every woman she helped went with her to some nice spot under an ancient tree near flowing water (the spot is important). There they passed the day eating (what the women brought) and chatting, singing and playing. That was the only day in the year long that women did no work (no cooking, no childcare, no housework, no farm work...).
I don't know in what part of the world you live in, but midwives were not the target of the witch hunts in Europe. Yes, they were pushed out of the profession at different time periods (depending on geographical area, f.e. in Italy this happened sooner than in the north if I remember correctly) in the early modern period, and yes, this coincided with the period of the witch hunts, but most people tried as witches were normal people with all kinds of professions.
@@jennifercourtemanche9793 I was watching Kevin Kline in the 1983 movie and I just HAD to. When Bernadette came out with her Pirate shirt video I knew it was meant to be.
It’s also important to note that the Malleus Maleficarum was rejected by many top theologians, though it was a hard battle due to its general popularity. Some opposing theologians ended up persecuted, and Kramer’s connections helped secure his book against all his opposition.
The historical Quaker outfits remind me a lot of the Welsh national costume. The hats aren't as conical, but very similar. As someone who had to dress up like this for St. David's Day I remember trying to balance the hat my dad made for me on my head.
I’ve worn a wide-brimmed black wool hat, though not pointed, for years when I work my magic or gather my ingredients. For most people it reads exactly the same as the pointed one - I have a fond memory of crossing by my local college around a party weekend, and being asked by a gaggle of drunk pledges if I cast real spells, and could I put a spell on one girl to make her lose weight 😂 (I didn’t btw, but I did give her a sigil I use for self-confidence and recited an affirmation as I traced it on her wrist. Totally harmless, kept it super vague so the mystery was intact, and her friends lost their minds 😂) but story aside, isn’t it amazing how much social power is in the hat?? Someday I’ll break down and join my pointy-capped brethren, I promise! 🖤🖤🖤
That reminds me of a quote from a Terry Pratchett book “I’m not superstitious. I’m a witch. Witches aren’t superstitious. We are what people are superstitious of.” :D
Love this post! My husband and myself are Quakers, his family came over quakers with William Penn. We were the 2nd same sex couple married at our Monthly meeting. In our library is a small book. Published 1908 in Philadelphia called WITCHCRAFT AND QUAKERISM by A Elia Mott Gummere. I read it years ago, and was let down by the contents because mainstream Christianity has an effect on Quakerism by then. I self identify as a wizard but won't deny being a witch. I see it as one who simply accepts their inner magic. Thank you for this video.
Hi there. I study my family's lineage and I am pretty sure I have Quaker relatives. I know there are some Dutch, Irish, and Scottish influences there in the fold- Opdyke, Lee, and Pinkerton surnames. How would I go about learning which Quakers in P.A. my family prayed with? I really know nothing about Quakers except they were peaceful.
This is one of the best and most informative videos I have ever seen. Thank you so much for your research and you’re fantastic presentation. I’ve already shared it with tons people. My grandmother was a Quaker. And I’m so proud of her.
Wow! My heart soared when you addressed the ale wives theory!! I heard this one recently and I was so skeptical. I loved learning about this history! Keep the videos coming!!!
We've got a female brewer near me called Brewsters' which was another name for Alewife. Part of their story is around the broomstick that the brewster would leave outside her door when the ale was ready for drinking. :-) I live for this sort of thing.
Funny, I was washing dishes when I was watching/listening to this video & had to pause & rewind as there is a fish called an "Alewife", & my brain did a awkward emergency brake ! Had to watch that bit to see they meant "Ale Wife" - a brewer ! Not the fish ! ;)
Interesting that the Protestant German woman Katharina Von Bora brewed ale for the home and for business with no one stopping her. 🤔 Strange histories, indeed.
As someone who identifies as a witch and is a Quaker this made my day, week, October! I did not make the connection between Quaker women's plain dress and witch hats but the Quaker women I know are so powerful. Thanks Abby
Perhaps a little off topic but the Quakers are mostly responsible for British chocolate and confectionery in general too... so thanks for confectionery and patriarchy-smashing goodness ❤️
As a Quaker I always find it funny when people talk about Quakerism like it doesn't exist anymore because it makes me feel like a ghost not meant to be in the modern day. /pos /j
So excited to see my Quaker ancestors and their incredible history! One thing I noticed when you were discussing Quaker dress of the mid-eighteenth century. I didn't see a mention of the buff and grey colors that I've always considered an important aspect of their wardrobe.
It’s unlikely that medieval Jewish women would wear ‘the Jewish hat’ as it was a specifically a male garment and traditional Jewish sartorial practices are/were heavily gendered. Super video BTW - Thank you!
@@saritshull3909 The modesty laws were harsher on women thanks to the Talmud, and I say this as a fellow Jewish woman (I assume that you're Jewish based on your name)
I took a Witchcraft and Gender history class several years ago. This is SPOT ON. Sadly we didn't go over the witch hat and Quakerism, but I find that connection fascinating and your conclusion wonderful. Thank you!
This is the history that I wish was discussed in high school. Excellent research! I am slightly disappointed but understand why Monty Python and the Holy Grail's scene was not included - Connie Booth as the witch is wearing a cone hat, but the scene is not historically accurate.
OH. MY. GOD. I TOTALLY FORGOT 🤦🏻♀️ my original plan was to include Monty python and Princess Bride clips! 😂 not that my computer/editing software would have let me do that... 😂😭 anyways - I am *so* sorry I failed you and all who expected a monty python reference!
I find this topic so interesting - I'm a book reviewer and editor by trade and only recently endeavored into dissecting modern literature on Witchcraft and Wicca, and I find it fascinating on so many levels even though I am not a practitioner myself - the history of it is so deep, and it has evolved so much throughout the years, particularly in modern times where there's been a real shift to defining what it is and how gender and beliefs play into it. It's become so much more acceptable in the western world but still villainized in other countries. I could dig into this topic forever and never get tired.
The conical (well, truncated cone) brimmed hat was called a "Capotain" or "Sugarloaf" according to the internet. We nowadays call it a "Pilgrim" hat, since it was worn by both men and women in the Puritan colonies in America. It's still worn by women in Wales as part of national folk costume, along with a shawl. The style goes from looking very Wicked, to very Abe Lincoln in terms of cone vs cylinder.
Anyone else reminded of the poem: The Grand Inquisitor, by Dostoevsky while watcing this? Basically Jesus returns during the time of the Spanish inquisition, gets sentenced to death by burning, and the Inquisitor explains to him that the Roman Catholic Church and the State have rejected Jesus and his teachings of love long ago, and his return would upset their ballance of control. "the Grand Inquisitor defends the following ideas: only the principles of the devil can lead to mankind's universal unification ... the catholic church improved on his (Jesus') work and addresses all people; the church *rules the world in the name of God, but with the devil's principles* " - wikipedia Maybe the Quakers were on to something. They clearly recognised the discrepencies between the control the Roman Catholic Church / state was imposing vs the love that Jesus taught. I'll enjoy learning about their beliefs next. PS: Thanks Abby for this amazing history lesson~!
Great to see this video done so well! That hat you snap on at the end - I have that exact one! My plan is to embroider a band on it after Samhain. One minor correction, modern witches are not wiccan. Wicca is a religious sect, and most witches are not wiccan. There are many pantheons and areligious witches practicing magick, divination, and herbalism, and following a variety spiritual paths (or not) that are not Wicca.
"Caliban and the Witch" by Silvia Federici is probably the most comprehensive history on gender and the witch hunts, I highly recommend it to anyone interested in the subject.
I seriously appreciate how much neutral facts you"ve brought to this video. Your own thoughts, opinions, and beliefs are much appreciated as well. It is always good and cool to be what you believe and to be 100% honest with all information such as the topic you shared in this video and of yourself. Keep up that cool work. I look forward to checking out some of your other uploads.
Witch hats are the ultimate spooky aesthetic and I’ve taken them for granted as just existing😂、I never even thought to look into the history; this is awesome, as are your amazing efforts in devotion to inclusivity
Thank you for creating an inclusive space here. The huge amount of acceptance for all kinds of people is my favorite thing about the historical costuming community
I've dressed up as a Swedish Easter Witch - I'll be sharing pictures of it again when orange is the theme for Fall For Costume and I'll be sure to tag you 😉 I prefer the aesthetic of the pointed hat though.
The Quaker hat is wide brimmed and pointy for walking in blizzards. It was a functional thing for midwives to wear as well. Babes are often born at night on a full moon.
@@KathrynTanner-t8f I tend to agree with you that costume hats easily blow off the head in the wind. But hats can be customized for the person. making them not blow off in the breeze
I guess that law isn't still in place then otherwise there's other loopholes that protect them against that one cuz we have the Kardashians of which ppl claim to be witches all the time😂😂
I saw a original copy of the Malleus malleficarum in a feminist museum exhibit in Rome. Noone understood why I was so excited haha! They had the witch riding backwards and art from ancient greece and rome depicting magical creatures and witches like Circe and Medea. So cool!
It was in Villa d'este in Tivoli just out side of Rome. I don't think it was a permanent exhibition unfortunately, but it was calle Eva e Eve I think. Hope you enjoy your trip!
I'm from PA and have So Much Love for our Quaker roots (IMO Quakers were/are badasses--worship that light, let those women speak and lead, abolish slavery, fight racism, be awesome) and I absolutely loved learning about the connection to witches--yet another reason to love them (both Quakers and witches) 🥰💖 Also: not all the way through yet but my immediate thought when she first started talking about Quakers was "The Witch of Blackbird Pond"
I came here to comment almost exactly the same thing. I'm also from PA and I think Quakers are a pretty badass group of people. The more I learn about them the more awesome they seem.
Great video! Interesting fact - Jacob Spenger was very anti “witch hunting” and was not in favor of this book. He actively was opposed to it, but when he died, one of his enemies Einrich Kramer, published this book and claimed he was a coauthor. So basically Einrich Kramer (Spelling is probably off) is one of the fathers of modern sexism
Incredible! My husband and I have been talking about the association of antisemitism and witches for a little while. Neither of us knew about the association with Quakers in Britain. Fascinating! Thank you for the excellent video as always :)
I made my own crocheted witch's hat last night and as soon as it touched my head, I never wanted to take it off again. This video solidified my decision. Awesome work! Thanks, Abby! ❤️
OMG this was awesome. One of my great-grandmothers Mary Bliss Parsons was accused of witchcraft twice and was found innocent in both cases. She went to her grave and people still believed she was a witch... it was never discussed in the family history. I found out when Googling her for our family tree.. A lot of the women in our family are a bit magical...and we identify as pagan, wiccan and druid....
Me, a swedish person, having fun at your reaction when we come to "påskkärringar". Aka the cute kids who goes around giving eastercards in exchange for candy.. Like Halloween but during easter. And without the "trick or treat"
In Harpswell, Maine in the late 1600's a woman named Hannah Stover, a Quaker who was widowed and lived alone was ostracized by the local Protestant church because she did not go to church like all the others. When she died the men of the town deemed that she would not be allowed to be buried in the cemetery, but the women in town, all of whom Hannah had helped with her various medical herbs and caring tender carried her casket through town themselves and buried her with honor within the cemetery. Hannah was strong, capable, and determined to stand by her faith in a time when this was not the norm. My mother taught me this story and she was very proud of Hannah. I think it's a lesson for everyone. Your lecture was incredible, captivating, and delivered with an enthusiasm that I'm sure Hannah would have been proud of. :) Thank you.
I'm here for all the social history... even if I had to drop the speed of the video to catch everything you had to say. I vote yes, for more content like this.
I went from worried about wearing my soft wool witch hat to ready to ROCK IT every day ! Thank you SO MUCH for the knowledge!! P.S. Abby we have the same hat lol I have it in the dark and light grey
I'm a practicing Witch of 13 years and would be happy to answer any questions. I thought this video was well done!! The amount of research and respect is staggering!
As a witch, myself, I can say honestly that I loved this video. Your willingness to do a ton of research, and sift through the hate to get those nuggets that others have just played with was so heartening to hear. Thank you. And thank you so much for your introduction. You made it very clear that you, yourself, weren't espousing the ideas, but were using the terms, gender binaries, and concepts of the time only to explain those images and thoughts. I always love your videos, but this one really went to my heart.
Another video on the history of witches?! I'M IN 👏👏👏 Also, it hit me once again just how many things have been invented/discovered by women (ale for example, or computers too! Look it up!) and taken over by men when said thing becomes popular. Insane!
As a Quaker and queer nonbinary person this video heartens me. To have my adopted faith praised so beautifully and you have solidified all the reasons why I became a Quaker. Might need to go buy a witch hat.
Please try to regulate the volume to make it more consistent. I'm neurodiverse and very sensitive to sound and volume. What may come across to others as "slightly louder than a moment before" comes across to me as painfully shrill. And this vid has many cuts and inserts, with the volume changing pretty much moment to moment. I will, however, put down my knitting so that I can keep my finger on the volume control while I watch this video. I love your work and the history with which you inform your viewers.
Well It's a small world. I was raised (vaguely) Quaker,* and from ~18 to ~;45, I considered myself Wiccan / Pagan (I'm now an atheist, but I still have a Quaker bent). I can confirm that Quakers are pretty badass. Never been one for wearing hats as a regular part of my wardrobe, but I think there's at least one style I'm fully entitled to wear, no? Oh, and that trend of men discovering that a particular women-dominated business is something super-lucrative, so took it over, and pushed women out? Happened again in the 1980s and 90s, with Computer Programming. Can we, like stop this nonsense, already?! * [Dad, Mom, and I never formally became members of any Meeting, but Dad's family were members of Germantown Meeting, in Pennsylvania. And we subscribed to the Magazine _Friends Journal_, so... yeah.]
Replying to myself, as a P.S.: One reason I think it's likely that Friends consistently wore out-of-fashion clothing (including the conical hat) was that clothing is often (always?) used as a marker of status, and one of the testimonies of our faith is that all people are of equal status in the eyes of God. So they refused to take their hats off in the presence of nobility, refused to use the formal "You" and instead, addressed everyone by "thee" and "thou" (and even modern Friends tend not to use Mr. Mrs. ms. etc. because these are all forms of "Master" and "Mistress"), and they certainly wouldn't make an effort to keep up with this generation's idea of fashion, if yester-decade's clothes were still fit for purpose! So of course, that's a thing that anti-Quakers would focus on.
@@erraticonteuse oh, no, it’s (OB/GYN) been going on longer than that and started in Europe. “Women Healers” is a book that goes into the history of women being pushed out of medicine to financially benefit men.
I loved this! My great grandmother was a known witch and when I was a kid I thought that was so cool and wanted to learn more. I had books on herbal medicines and my rock collection (🤓) took on a whole different purpose, haha. Unfortunately, my mother didn't approve and I was punished. She said my great grandmother ruined the family with her Tarot cards. I was never told how or why, but all things witchcraft related were forbidden. I'm 40 now and pay my own damned mortgage... 🤔
Oh, I think you should research local newspaper articles for her ! Perhaps her local library has them on microfiche ? Though with the plague, unsure if that is online accessible?
@@m.maclellan7147 That would be so cool! I did make a family tree on ancestry.com so I might be able to find something through their upgraded databases. She was born in Puerto Rico and moved to Chicago in the 1940's... so I'm not sure. I've literally never seen a Puerto Rican newspaper. 🤭
@@MsSavvy9 I am sure there were "social clubs" and newspapers in Chicago in the 40's ! Google "Puerto Rico" clubs in Chicago to get started. I know in Boston there is a Canadian/American club that's been around for years - that's my heritage. And they have dances, music lessons & language lessons.
I was in the process of crocheting myself a basic black witch hat, which turned out swell. This was fascinating information! I was inspired to wear my new hat beyond Halloween. I’ve gotten several compliments. It was fun to see two teenage boys bump into each other to get a good look at the matron (I’m 54) in the green cloak and black witch hat. Maybe they just figure I’m a serious Harry Potter fan 👍
I have these links in the description, but just in case they're missed:
Biblio & Images Used: www.patreon.com/posts/witch-hat-images-42866439 (They're too long for the description 😂)
Burnley & Trowbridge's Mantua-Making Workshop: bit.ly/mantuamakingbt
@Rowan Ellis's Video on Cottagecore: ua-cam.com/video/5odKiL7jRW0/v-deo.html
And with that, I'm going to go take a massive nap and be a potato for the next couple of days because this video wore me out. 😂❤️
This video was amazing! Nothing gives me all the fee-fees (thank you for my new word, btw!) that a properly researched piece. This witch gives this video 5 witches hats out of 5 witches hats!
That ending with the hat popping into place was awesome.
Watching this while handsewing the last hem on my very First handsewn shift, was just magical!!
Thank you for inspicering me to take up a new hobby ;)
Imma just gonna place this here below your links as it's a link:
To those who are, or at some point will be, close to southern Denmark (Ribe) there's a wonderful museum called HEX ... Or you know, who might just find it interesting. hexmuseum.dk/?lang=en
Nadja would SO rock that fee fee! 😉
I am a Quaker woman. I just want to say how much I appreciate the good representation you've given here. Even in modern times there are so many misconceptions about Quakers and Quaker history that it's incedibly refreshing to see someone who's actually done their research.
Quakerism is an extremely cool religion! You have to have a lot of respect for a group of people consistently on the right side of history 🙂
You eat oatmeal 😋👀
Seconded! I've never referred to myself as a Quakeress but you know I'm gonna now!
Friend speaks my mind! (Quaker speak for YAAAAS!” :) Abby, this is a wonderful piece of work and our whole family really enjoyed all the details you so carefully laid out, and the humor! Quaker dress history is one reason I love to do historic education interpretation. Thee has done well. Much gratitude.
I’m also a Quaker woman and I couldn’t agree more. Thank you, friend!
Loved it, quick note from a Quaker woman, Quaker women were absolutely actively and intentionally challenging gender norms of the time. The Quakers view all members as equal regardless of age, gender, race, sexuality, etc. Its one of the big reasons they were so targeted by the establishment at the time. They were some of the first to advocate for women's liberation and anti-slavery laws.
I learned a lot about the hats! Great video 😚
Along the same lines, it is worth noting that of the three organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 -- which marked the start of the suffrage and women's liberation movement in the United States, two were Quakers, Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony. Alice Paul, the woman who led the final push to propose and ratify the 19th Amendment, was also a Quaker. Quaker women -- astronomer Maria Mitchell, naturalist Lucy Say, ornithologist Graceanna Lewis, metallurgist Ursula Franklin, and astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell -- were often trailblazers in scientific endeavors because Friends taught their daughters when it was socially and sometimes legally forbidden for women to go to school.
What great times now to be alive!!
I had no idea of this history. I was not raised as a quaker but my mom was obsessed with the faith. It turns out, when she was a child and very poor, her neighbor , an elderly quaker woman "hired" her to do chores. This woman took her under her wing and basically mentored her and left an impression on her forever of her kindness.
I'm Quaker, Abby, I can't even express how excited I am that you called us sex perverts! More often, we get confused for Shakers, who were celibate (and also died out. It turns out that babies matter.) It's really terrible in the dating scene.
I'm going to wear my pointed hat to Meeting for Worship next firstday in honor of our ancestors.
Thanks for this well made video. I'm sharing it everywhere.
I can’t tell if you’re being sarcastic or not
@@jaxofspades549 protestants are weird, pay no heed
@@jaxofspades549 me neither
@@jaxofspades549 The Shaker thing's true, at least - they ran orphanages, and when a change in laws dried up their supply of new meat, they died out.
It's women's work until there's money in it! See also: Programming {yeah, the computer type}, cooking and arts
And filmmaking!
And novel writing!
and medicine.....
This!
Brewing beer.
Etymological note: You mention spinners, weavers and brewers as particular targets of witch hunters. The -ster suffix is feminine. So Webster (a woman weaver) and Brewster (a woman brewer) both survive as surnames. Spinster (a woman spinner - originally a woman beyond the common age for spinning since young women graduated to weaving once they mastered (mistressed?) spinning - survives as a word for an unmarried woman, and, by extension, an old maid.
AWESOME!! Thank you for sharing all of this info!
And the fact that they survived as surnames would suggest there were children of these women born out of wedlock.
@@erraticonteuse That or since Mom brought in the money, while Dad was a layabout of some sort, they chose to adopt Mom's name?
@@erraticonteuse, maybe. But surnames were differentiators. So you might be the son of the (woman) brewer rather than the son of an unremarkable father.
However, extra-marital sex wasn’t invented in the 20th century. I read once that births to mothers not married to fathers at time of conception was as common in American colonial times as now; but in colonial times couples were expected to marry - and did. Evidently itinerant preachers often married a couple and baptized their first child on the same day.
WEBSTER. A woman weaver?? Oh my gosh what a delightful image I love it 🕸
Me avoiding a 40-minute uni lecture: Oh, a lecture about witches!
Lol sounds like someone needs to take a fun anthropology elective. I took a class about witchcraft and gender in college.
@@extrae905 All those classes are behind me, haha. I did want to take anthro...but it wasn't available 2 semesters in a row and I couldn't afford to put it off any longer. I needed to finish out my classes. I'm still using my Pell to pay for a lot of stuff and they only pay for the things that contribute to my degree schedule. I did take a femme fatale literature course that went into witches/women's spirituality and it was really great.
what a mood theres a 2 hour lecture ive been procrastinating on since Tuesday 🙃
Same 😂😬
Same😂
Another important note is that the term "Quaker" was itself meant to be derogatory. It was was meant to mock a speach that George Fox made. They took it and ran with it. The fact that our hat is now used to represent rebellion and has transformed from a symbol of sexism to a symbol of pushing the social norms, is perfect. As a Quaker, I whole heartedly approve. I love the amount of care and research that went into this.
So people of your religion took what used to be derogatory term and made it their own? If yes, that is soo cool.
I'm an atheist but quakerism (at least some branches of it, from what I learned about it) is deffinitely one of the religions I can genuinelly respect.
I bought one from the dollar store.iam gonna bling mine out out with fabric .just learning here moony boo Bea here.
Moony boo Bea here I have a hat.i have bats and no cats
Much like what was done to the Shakers.
@@elenanojkovic2554 we made it our own *surprisingly* quickly! I read Kate Peters' thesis on early Quaker print publications, and the word "QUAKER" in all-caps really big on the front of our tracts was super common. It was a really successful branding campaign.
I love that all my favorite historical clothing UA-camrs are friends and support each other's projects. We need more of that and less drama. It warms my heart.
The black conical women's hat continued to be in fashion in Wales up until the end of the 19th century, and is considered an essential element of Welsh traditional costume. The Welsh, in English popular culture, were associated with magic and the supernatural. If anyone was going to be suspected of witchcraft in England, it would be the old Welsh lady with the weird hat who was always muttering in a strange language. I always assumed that the cartoon witch costume was somehow connected to this Welsh fashion.
Historian of Witchcraft, the Occult, and attitudes toward death here. 👋 It's important to note that the history of witches is not only the history of gender, but also of class. There WERE men accused of witchcraft (though not nearly as many as women, obvi) but the majority of these were poor men. For example, two males were hanged as witches during the trial of the so-called Pendle witches. These were dirt poor males from matriarchal families. In contrast, "Sorcerers", "Magicians", "Alchemists", etc were titles used for WEALTHY males who studied and practiced magic.
🛎🛎🛎
How did you get that job? Thats like exactly what I want to do.
@@meaganwallwork5395 I got my undergrad degree from Kansas State University where I took courses in Colonial America, the history of Medicine, the history of Death and Dying, history of the Occult, religious studies, folklore, and the psychology of religion. For my master's degree I attended a religious history program. Academia is a wreck right now because of funding issues (esp history departments) and there's basically no jobs for those with my expertise, so I'm writing books and lectures as an independent scholar.
Also many rich men were accused so their property could be taken. It was a mess.
I bow to your degree and would like to tell you, you might have inspired me
Ok, I'm female, not quite old, but getting older, sometimes like to go naked, have long hair, enjoy screaming, have a job, like goats, and the other day I rode the bus backwards. I can't quite claim to be able to fly or influence the weather, but otherwise, I fulfill all of the criteria.
As a female, I am personally responsible for ruining every weekend by washing my car and forgetting to carry an umbrella.
Oohh, you are a rebel indeed. An eye must be kept upon you.
For further inspiration...
Do I have to drive my car in constant reverse? Because I will accept that challenge!
I'm sure I'll even find some men to spite in the process.
@@StellaMariaGiulia practice in parking lots first haha
I love that riding the bus backwards counts in your interpretation! Then I fulfill the criteria too. Sometimes, if it is important enough to me, I even experience (the imagination of) changing the weather according to my wishes... The only thing that is not fitting is the *long* hair. Yes... it grows since 'rhona's visit... but it's still short and I have no intend in changing that^^
Quaker woman here: Wear the hat. It's been 300 years. We're over it.
Definitely agree! I giggled a little at the whole putting anti-Quakerism on the same level as anti-Semitism. We aren't really worried about being discriminated against anymore now that freedom of religion is a thing. We aren't really that physically identifiable anymore.
Sure but it is still connected to witchcraft and if you wear it I'd assume you are a witch. But it doesn't have to be only a witch or quaker thing it's one of those things that are rather universal. You can wear it. Just don't be surprised when people assume you are a witch. Or rather that you are insane. Because people don't know quakers or witcher are a thing nowadays.
Hey! I was raised a Quaker in the San Francisco bay area! I lost count how many time's I was asked: Dude why do your parents drive cars if you're a Quaker? Dude I'm not Amish was my teenage mantra.
@@stephenpmurphy591 Lol! I'm from the UK and our main chocolate companies were originally set up by Quakers and they were known for treating their staff really well so that's my main association with Quakers :)
Quakers were involved in the anti slavery movement in the US. I’m not sure many people are aware of that.
Quakers: *are super accepting and open minded and treat everyone with respect and love their neighbors and are good over all as a culture*
Medieval church: “HERESY!!”
(That good omens scene where theyre crucifying jesus) "what did he say that annoyed them so much?" "Be kind to each other" "oh yeah, that'll do it"
@@alexismontez4230 😂😂😂
Bit later than the medieval period. Pretty much every bad thing that isn't true for the medieval period is true for the seventeenth century. It was probably one of the most awful times in history to be alive.
Lol! I legitimately did not register that I said “medieval”. I was actually aware it was later in date. 😂😂😂
Bad me for typing too fast. @@runningcommentary2125
HEResy!!
I'm late to the party but as a swede it made me happy to see you bringing up our easter witches! Funnily enough we also adopted the halloween witch in the late 1900s along with the holiday itself. So now we have both versions for different times of the year, also called different things. The easter witch is called a påskkärring which roughly translates to "easter hag", while the halloween witch called a häxa which could more accurately be translated as witch!
Is the tea kettle a usual item for the children to carry? I love the imagery of that :D
I suppose "häxa" is related to the English "hex" (meaning a witch's curse).
@@fnjesusfreak Yup. Old Scandinavian (or Norse, in your case) word.
@@sekhmetsaesYes, it is. In some pictures the witch hangs it on her broom when she's flying. 🙂
@@fnjesusfreak - More generally, north Germanic. In Standard German you have Hexe, Norwegian, Danish and Dutch all have heks. English is actually the odd one out, as "witch" likely derives from a Saxon word meaning "craft" or "wisdom."
I can't tell you how much I love UA-cam videos that are just cleverly disguised academic research papers.
This! @abbycox, More!! (After rest! And ask for money and help!)
THIS.
Right?!?! I think I'm in love.
This was incredibly refreshing to see some legitimate history in regards to witch's hats after seeing a certain fb group try to claim it was appropriation to refer to things as "witchy" if you aren't a practicing witch. Thank you for all the work you've put into this video and especially for debunking the alehouse origin claim.
I know exactly what you're referring to. Glad I'm not the only one who thinks so.
Absurdity. Since magic doesn’t actually exist, anybody can declare themselves a practicing witch.
Also, the word comes from the old Saxon, it was a title for an older woman elected to a position of governance. Look at the four decades dragging of Hillary, you get the whole history of witchcraft. 🙄
@Elizabeth Claiborne Also alottt of peope screaming cultural appropiation are for a lack of better term moronic. So many cultures love sharing them like the people who yelled about speedy gonzalas being appropiation and we know what happend there. Thats just one of many examples of people claming trivial crap is appropiation when alot of cultures love sharing there cultures.
Between this video and Bernadette's I'm feeling a strong need to make myself a witchy hat for the cold months.
...I may be waiting for one to arrive in the mail currently...🙈
Same, tbh!
I got one but my son ran away with it. He's such a cute little witch though.
@@brittanyw.9351 awwww, how adorable!
@@sarahwise7103 where did you get it from?
As a former editor I love that you clearly define the terms you're using, and as a person who leans toward an end of the Kinsley scale, I appreciate that you've chosen to use inclusive language.
As a wiccan, I am so glad that she included us in the disclaimer... Nobody ever seems to do that, and misinformation runts all too rampant!!! Thanks Abby!!
Um what’s a Wicca/Wiccan
@@hayden6054I know this is a very old comment, but it's a religion that includes nature, magic, and spells/prayers.
@@hayden6054Google is free also you're literally watching a video about the history of a garment that was inspired by witchcraft and you clearly didn't actually watch it. It is a modern faith that has survived through the centuries based on ancient Celtic and other cultural ancient pre-christian faiths including the practice of witchcraft and older deities.
We're so delegitimize and disrespected that they don't usually even mention us even though we came before all of this nonsense and were oppressed completely to the point where people don't even think we exist anymore. We're not even allowed to bring up the burning times anymore bc it's "not as bad " as more recent atrocities like it's a competition. 😢
Oh my gosh, we have that "children dress up as witches in easter"-tradition in Finland too and it was incredibly fun to do! We had to wave a decorated budding willow branch and wish for health to the house and you'd typically get chocolate as a price!
So Quaker women were the original punks? Sweet
Quakerism is pretty Punk in general. HECK YEAH.
Jessica Kellgren-Fozard is a Quaker & she's a badass 😊 stunningly vintage, but no pointy hat.
@@lajoyous1568 she was the first person I though of lol. Very punk lady albeit in a nontraditional way
It was a joke in our meeting that Quakers were the punk sect!
IAM gonna Google Quaker.punks i.trying to
Cottagecore witches at easter happens also in Finland, were they spell health for the next year with a willow branch in exchange for sweets. It may be because we used to be also part of Sweden before Russia and independence.
As a witch this just sounds very normal to me for welcoming Spring tbh
In Finland, the witches allegedly travelled to Kyöpelinvuori to party. In Sweden (and in some Swedish-speaking areas in Finland) they travelled to Blåkulla, which is similar to Kyöpelinvuori, but not identical. Blåkulla is a Swedish concept.
Originally Kyöpelinvuori was a concept in pre-christian Finland, as it was an afterlife place for old respectable unmarried women. Surprise to no-one, it was later associated with witches, ’cause hey, OLD UNMARRIED WOMEN!
A side fact: during the witch accusations and trials in Stockholm (around 1600-1700), Finnish women were overrepresented. This was propably because there were a lot poor, Finnish-speaking workers in Stockholm. Many of them didn’t know any Swedish, which made them vulnerable - and, well, Finns had a reputation as suspicious, witchy people. Fair enough, many knew some healing spells and rhymes.
Many of the trial documents have been preserved and can still be seen in archives.
In Sweden the easterwitches hands out handmade cards and wishes the residents happy easter. In exchange the children recives sweets or pocket change.
This tradition is believed to have started around early 1800s and was in the beginning adults and teenagers but gradually became popular among children.
They dress in skirt, apron and shawl and both boys and girls do it.
I remember being a Påskkärring (easterwitch) as a kid in preschool! Loved it, might be a reason why I'm still drawn to the aesthetic and witchcraft
don't forget the bonfire burning at easter
As a medieval historian, I think you did an amazing job on this subject. Regarding the rise of persecution of witches in medieval Europe, I highly recommend R.I. Moore's The Formation of a Persecuting Society. I would also look at Carlo Ginzburg's The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
ooo I would love to read more. I studied the European Witch Craze a little at college, it was only a terms worth for our A level but it was so interesting, I would love it if I had a list of all the resources used by our tutor. Such an interesting time in social history.
How much Withch hunts did even exist before the year 1500?
Abby: Warning for anti-Quakerism!
Me: Who'd want to mean to a bunch of pacifist sweethearts?
Abby: The Patriarchy
Lots of people even beyond the Patriachy. I was raised a Quaker in the San Francisco bay Area..
My twin brother and I were called Oatmeal dude's in High School.
Question asked constantly, Dude why do you have electricity if your a Quaker?
Why do your parents drive cars if you're Quakers?
Do you know how to milk cow's cause your Quaker? Yes I do.
The Quaker's started the Abolitionist movement in America. Which wasn't popular within certain demographics in 19th century America.
Mary Dyer was hung in colonial Boston for being a Quaker
@@signespencer6887 *hanged
And what's wrong with being a Quacker or a witch? Men can't control you. Reason enough, then let them be wary. So mot it be.
I didn’t know men weren’t allowed to be Quakers. Just pure women who never do anything wrong
“...because Beanie Babies weren’t a thing yet.”
IM DECEASED
Kudos to you for bringing up the Swedish easter tradition of kids dressing up as witches to beg for candy! And I just want to add that we also have this tradition in Finland.
And in Italy we have a witch riding a broomstick that delivers Christmas gifts instead of Santa Clause, lol! (La Befana).
@@Psichotica7 I love that! A christmas witch! (she could be called julhäxa in Swedish, so now I just need to make a red witch´s hat)
Fortunately, Quakers ended up in the USA, where they had schools at reservations in the Ohio territory which was of benefit to Native Americans for they treated them as equals because all have the light of God. The Quakers were also the first group to recognise their error in owning slaves and they freed their slaves years before the broader movement to free the slaves. I'm not Quaker but hold then in high esteem. Their worship ideal was to sit in silence until someone was moved to stand and speak. Men and women were equal in this. Again, way awesome.
For us, as in they benefited our country greatly.
Residential schools?? These schools were far from "beneficial"
@@mgansworth78 not residential. The Quakers didn’t agree with the government abuses. The schools were one room, as were those in settlements all over. They taught the same basics. They gave my ancestors options.
Quakers are very sweet people and I love them a lot. Also, see Jessica Kellgren-Fozard lol
@@mgansworth78 quaker schools≠residential schools. Completely different.
As a Quaker, this segment is dope. ❤️ Tank you ❤️ My guide to making brave choices includes Mary Dyer (Boston Martyr). Alice Paul (Radical Suffragette) gets a nod; tho she should have been brave also for racial justice.
It remains difficult to be a Quaker woman in mainstream Western culture--I now live in Massachusetts. I was asked at an interfaith event that all Quakers are sexual deviants & marry our cousins (in our pleasant "how do you do" starter hellos).
Quakers are generally the same hundreds years later. My teens were very educated on sexual comprehensive health, LGBTQIA identity sexuality & value, sexual assault & dating abuse signs/consequences. I have stood up within my political government roles against leadership for progressive rights, equity, & antiviolence while being target of extreme political bullying by liberals in our Massachusetts small city. Many Quaker converts have preferred assimilation instead of standing as a lighthouse in a galewind. These converts and inclination towards conservative living has harmed our ability to raise millennial and Zoomers kids to be Quaker because we're losing our bravery, IMO.
I encourage everyone to be brave and lean towards the "scary demands" of workers, young people, Black Brown Native communities & individuals, poor, and hard-pressed people. The demands are strident because the pain is extreme. Be brave ❤️
I’m an elder zoomer considering converting. This comment makes me want to do it even more - I so want to be in community with people who share my values of a radically inclusive, egalitarian world. Visiting a Quaker church during a college religious studies course made a huge impact on me. I grew up in a different Christian denomination (SDA) and have really missed the community aspect since I left the church a decade ago.
Many depictions I've seen of Mother Goose have her wearing a witch's hat. She's got some witch-like abilities, but she's usually depicted as wise and kind.
If I recall correctly, that's actually a hat from Welsh folk tradition, a het gymreig.
Good observation
"touching their foreheads and doing magic". So Quakers can do the Vulcan mind meld?
Vulcans are devoted to logic and do not profess belief in any supernatural power, good, evil, or in-between. The Vulcan mind meld is a physical form of contact between two brains, by a method that, presumably, Vulcans either evolved with or developed via meditative disciplines ages ago.
In direct contrast to previous reply, my reaction was - ha ha ha awesome 🙂🐿
@@SecretSquirrelFun As a trekkie, one who specifically likes Vulcans more than any other of the aliens in the whole series, please don't think we're all like this.
Also, the person is wrong. Vulcans do have the capacity to feel emotions and do as young, young children until it's taught out of them and how to control them so they can act on logic instead & the pursuit isn't just to not have emotions- it's their held beliefs that logic over emotion makes for a more peaceful society.
There's a very heartbreaking episode where Spock goes back to his home planet and has flashbacks of the training they go through during childhood, and how because he was half human and had even stronger emotions he was bullied for it (and also for just being half human at all, Star Trek had the first interracial kiss on television and would heavily feature themes of equality and justice for everyone, and how the future could look if we all set aside our differences and cared for each other, it's actually a super good argument for why we should have a UBI & how people would absolutely still want to work if their needs were met but I digress lolol).
One Google search of "do Vulcans have emotions" would tell ya this. Live long and prospurr my squirrelly friend 🖖🏻🖖🏻🖖🏻
[Get it, prospurr instead of prosper bc you're a squirrel and they have fur??? Ok bye I'll go home lolol]
@@lilithlaney1759 thank you thank you for all that information but.....I’m a Trekkie tooooooooo! I was laughing at the most random of connections (perhaps in this format I should have stated thus) but hey, thanks again lovely person xöx 🐿
@@lilithlaney1759 Vulcan emotions are never 'taught out of them'. Vulcans are highly emotional, passionate and violent as a species. Their turn to the teachings of Surak (not to be confused with Sarek) over the volatile culture of Zakal and other mind wizards and warlords happens at a pivotal point in their history, where they were at war with their own species and basically 'nuked' a large city on their twin planet.
The Vulcan fascination with human culture is their ability not only to be capable of rational and logical thought but also to come to an equilibrium between their passions and their logical minds. Yes, they seem to look down on humans and their rash behavior but those who are in touch with their deeper knowledge of themselves and their history (dark as it is) are truly amazed by humans and hold them in high regard.
The sickness of Sarek depicted in STTNG is a warning to us all. Suppression of emotion is not a healthy way to deal with them. Being able to separate what one feels from what one knows is important, but pretending to be without these things is utterly unhealthy.
The Vulcans chose to pretend they could purge themselves of evil and ill doing by choosing logic over emotion but remember the logical choice bereft of morality is often evil.
Me, clicking on video a half hour after if posted: "Why on earth are there so many disagrees already, and on a dress history video of all things?"
Abby: "SEXISM! ANTI-SEMITISM! BREAKING GENDER NORMS! SMASHING THE PATRIARCHY!"
Me: "Ohhhhhh yeah. That'll do it." 😂
I saw those. And it made me wish that someone who dislikes a video like this made a supporting comment. Why no likie? Is it a reason that could be constructive criticism for the UA-camr? Someone with anti-witch beliefs?
@@MiniMidgMom Or it could just be someone triggered by all these new-fangled feminist ideas like the oppressive history of the misogynistic patriarchy, the benefits of female empowerment, the rejection of anti-Semitism and so on being spouted by mouthy women in the public square who should instead be tucked away in their homes quietly cooking, cleaning and looking after their households, for their own safety and the safety of others.
*shrug*
Some people just like to party like it's 1699.
On the other hand… Doesn’t that mean you’re actually doing something right?
The ironic thing is that YT doesn’t differentiate between thumbs up and thumbs down as far as the algorithm goes. So by hitting the thumbs down, they’re helping to promote the video. XD
@@FlybyStardancer Yep. As far as YT is concerned, it's all engagement.
The naked witch on the goat is holding a distaff, not a spindle. Still used in spinning yarn, but it does a different job and can be used with a spindle or a spinning wheel.
Yes! The spindle is visible though: it is stuck into the distaff on the upper left as she is not spinning at that moment. The distaff holds the unspun fiber, and you draw the fiber out to spin it into a thread on a spindle or spinning wheel. People often think that people who spun were also weaving, but this was not necessarily the case: a lot of spinsters or weavers specialised. By the way, it is some sort of magic to convert loose fiber into useable yarn just using a stick! (Various European spindles did not have a whorl, just some tapering).
@@annaapple7452 I couldn't see the spindle! It's always funny when people ask if I'm weaving or even sewing when I'm spinning, whether on a wheel or spindle. (Even when I'm using q wheel that looks like the one from sleeping beauty!)
@@kkcliffy2952 That's even worse than asking whether you are knitting when you're crocheting.
The distinction between spinning and weaving and sewing is far more pronounced than between knitting and crocheting.
@@johannageisel5390 I know! I just have to laugh and educate them so they can tell the difference in the future. I thought there were enough spinning wheels and sewing machines on TV and in books for people to tell the difference, but I guess not!
Very good catch. As is the following post for noticing the spindle tucked away, as well.
I’ve always thought the regenerative capability of women (with a little help 😉) is as close to magic as anything I can imagine.
I grew up in a small town in Indiana and though my parents were Catholic I attended Sunday school at the Friends meeting hall. Everything I remember about those sessions have stuck with me for over 50 years, I will always hold the Friends in high esteem.
Omg, I got a funny story to tell:
So, I’m a Christian woman, and was a Christian girl. I’ve loved witches for almost as long as I remember, I even dressed as a witch for a few Halloweens and still have the hat. I love it when witches and magic come up (such as books and cartoons and anime), and so several years ago, long before I turned 18, on a St. Patrick’s Day, I bought a fairy-themed tarot box (I still have it) and played it with my friends. It was rather fun predicting the future, present, and past, and whether or not they matched up.
And I’m gonna be 21 in a few days. It was only a couple months ago that I cracked open the Bible myself and Leveticus said “Do not practice divination or soothsaying…Do not go to mediums and consult fortune-tellers, for you will be defiled by them”
But I say “f*ck that, I’m gonna yeet the anti-witchcraft out the window and laugh at it. Continue Life as witchly, if not more, as you were before!”
Why am I not surprised that Bernadette Banner has been one of your proof readers? 😃
I love that this community seems to be so close! Discover one beautiful person sharing treasure troves of knowledge and tucked around her is an army of others!
@@haliemorris9171 It’s marvelous, isn’t it?
I am a Quaker lady, and I want to thank you for shining some light on us!
I raised a Quaker it's true we believe everyone is equal.
My Grandspants told us after WW2 that wasn't a popular belief.
This video is Wiccan Witch approved by me! You did such a wonderful job explaining in the beginning and I can’t wait to finish the video 🌿✨🍄
As a Pagan Quaker, you also did a wonderful job with your understanding!
@@williamstrickland9795 TIL Pagan Quakers are a thing and that sounds kinda awesome.
Abby's witchy fee-fees and excitement over sweet little freckled, rosy cheeked, Swedish cottage-core witches filled my heart and made my whole week 🥰🥰🥰
I just stumbled across your channel today, and I think I am on my 4th video… I must say that I have never come across someone who uses so much tact in their language. It is a gift that not many people possess these days. BRAVO
You handle all your topics with such care even if they can touch upon sensitive subjects. It is always a joy for me to learn stuff from you as you have done a lot of wonderful research (fellow Ravenclaw here that feed on knowledge and deep analyses) and the way you talk about it is really inclusive. I appreciate all the work you put in!
A shocking amount of this I learned from my midwife when I was getting prenatal care. The history of midwifery is so shamefully broken down by the church's quest for power and social control.
Indeed. We had the 'midwife day' around the first full moon after xmas. Church changed it to St. Agueda, the precursor of 'woman day'. Now we have woman day whenever the polititian in charge decided. I want my 'midwife day' back, thankyou.
Just if anyone interested in how we used to celebrate that day: The midwife dressed in men clothes and every woman she helped went with her to some nice spot under an ancient tree near flowing water (the spot is important). There they passed the day eating (what the women brought) and chatting, singing and playing. That was the only day in the year long that women did no work (no cooking, no childcare, no housework, no farm work...).
I don't know in what part of the world you live in, but midwives were not the target of the witch hunts in Europe. Yes, they were pushed out of the profession at different time periods (depending on geographical area, f.e. in Italy this happened sooner than in the north if I remember correctly) in the early modern period, and yes, this coincided with the period of the witch hunts, but most people tried as witches were normal people with all kinds of professions.
I am sure Mistress Weatherwax would approve of everyone making their own hats.
Mybe I should have decided to be her rather than the pirate king (Gilbet and Sullivan)for Halloween... Nah. I can do her next year.
@@MissCaraMint Would Nanny Ogg be a combo of the two? I love love love the Pirates of Penzance! Such a fun costume idea.
Honestly, all I want out of life is to have Mistress Weatherwax to approve of me.
@@lilbluecaboose It's all I think of any time I'm in danger of doing something silly.
@@jennifercourtemanche9793 I was watching Kevin Kline in the 1983 movie and I just HAD to. When Bernadette came out with her Pirate shirt video I knew it was meant to be.
It’s also important to note that the Malleus Maleficarum was rejected by many top theologians, though it was a hard battle due to its general popularity. Some opposing theologians ended up persecuted, and Kramer’s connections helped secure his book against all his opposition.
This was fascinating. As a Witch (mother's side) and Quaker (father's side) I was very intrigued.
The historical Quaker outfits remind me a lot of the Welsh national costume. The hats aren't as conical, but very similar. As someone who had to dress up like this for St. David's Day I remember trying to balance the hat my dad made for me on my head.
I’ve worn a wide-brimmed black wool hat, though not pointed, for years when I work my magic or gather my ingredients. For most people it reads exactly the same as the pointed one - I have a fond memory of crossing by my local college around a party weekend, and being asked by a gaggle of drunk pledges if I cast real spells, and could I put a spell on one girl to make her lose weight 😂 (I didn’t btw, but I did give her a sigil I use for self-confidence and recited an affirmation as I traced it on her wrist. Totally harmless, kept it super vague so the mystery was intact, and her friends lost their minds 😂) but story aside, isn’t it amazing how much social power is in the hat?? Someday I’ll break down and join my pointy-capped brethren, I promise! 🖤🖤🖤
That reminds me of a quote from a Terry Pratchett book “I’m not superstitious. I’m a witch. Witches aren’t superstitious. We are what people are superstitious of.” :D
@@maeve615 omg I loooove Terry Pratchett
The entire Tiffany Aching sequence of Discworld is a beautiful conversation on witches and witchcraft tbh.
Love this post! My husband and myself are Quakers, his family came over quakers with William Penn. We were the 2nd same sex couple married at our Monthly meeting. In our library is a small book. Published 1908 in Philadelphia called WITCHCRAFT AND QUAKERISM by A Elia Mott Gummere. I read it years ago, and was let down by the contents because mainstream Christianity has an effect on Quakerism by then. I self identify as a wizard but won't deny being a witch. I see it as one who simply accepts their inner magic. Thank you for this video.
Hi there. I study my family's lineage and I am pretty sure I have Quaker relatives. I know there are some Dutch, Irish, and Scottish influences there in the fold- Opdyke, Lee, and Pinkerton surnames. How would I go about learning which Quakers in P.A. my family prayed with? I really know nothing about Quakers except they were peaceful.
My Quaker ancestors also came over with William Penn!
@@ThePedersenHomestead Thanks, that is interesting news. I will check out Ancestry.com.
This is one of the best and most informative videos I have ever seen. Thank you so much for your research and you’re fantastic presentation. I’ve already shared it with tons people. My grandmother was a Quaker. And I’m so proud of her.
I'm a Witch - Wiccan. I only own one "witch's hat", which someone gave me as a gift; it's shiny purple vinyl.
Wow! My heart soared when you addressed the ale wives theory!! I heard this one recently and I was so skeptical. I loved learning about this history! Keep the videos coming!!!
We've got a female brewer near me called Brewsters' which was another name for Alewife. Part of their story is around the broomstick that the brewster would leave outside her door when the ale was ready for drinking. :-) I live for this sort of thing.
Funny, I was washing dishes when I was watching/listening to this video & had to pause & rewind as there is a fish called an "Alewife", & my brain did a awkward emergency brake !
Had to watch that bit to see they meant "Ale Wife" - a brewer ! Not the fish ! ;)
Interesting that the Protestant German woman Katharina Von Bora brewed ale for the home and for business with no one stopping her. 🤔 Strange histories, indeed.
As someone who identifies as a witch and is a Quaker this made my day, week, October! I did not make the connection between Quaker women's plain dress and witch hats but the Quaker women I know are so powerful. Thanks Abby
Perhaps a little off topic but the Quakers are mostly responsible for British chocolate and confectionery in general too... so thanks for confectionery and patriarchy-smashing goodness ❤️
Very true! I often like to shock people by telling them the oatmeal isn't actually quaker but the chocolate is.
Chocolate is originally a South American indigenous food. Quakers might have made it more palatable to the British but they didn't create chocolate
As a Quaker I always find it funny when people talk about Quakerism like it doesn't exist anymore because it makes me feel like a ghost not meant to be in the modern day.
/pos /j
Hello, sorry to bother but what pos stand for? I've just been staring at it for like 5 minutes and I cant figure it out,
Haha.
@@Trees... /positive, because my comment could be perceived as angry or offended I added a tone indicator to show that I'm just joking around.
So excited to see my Quaker ancestors and their incredible history! One thing I noticed when you were discussing Quaker dress of the mid-eighteenth century. I didn't see a mention of the buff and grey colors that I've always considered an important aspect of their wardrobe.
It’s unlikely that medieval Jewish women would wear ‘the Jewish hat’ as it was a specifically a male garment and traditional Jewish sartorial practices are/were heavily gendered.
Super video BTW - Thank you!
Yeah definitely still very gendered although modesty laws are actually the same for both men and women
@@saritshull3909 The modesty laws were harsher on women thanks to the Talmud, and I say this as a fellow Jewish woman (I assume that you're Jewish based on your name)
Ive never heard “anti-Quakerism” in a content warning but I was psyched to see our name and history mentioned!
Dittooooo! Also lol'd at Quakeress, a term I'm gonna start using for sure.
@@phoebeirwin2918 Hard same. I was literally making an irl witch hat when I watched this 🧙🏽♀️
Now this is a good way to start the day. I’ve got my cup of coffee and 35minutes of history brought to life is the cream in the cup! Fantastic video.
I took a Witchcraft and Gender history class several years ago. This is SPOT ON. Sadly we didn't go over the witch hat and Quakerism, but I find that connection fascinating and your conclusion wonderful. Thank you!
This is such a comfort vid for me that I keep it downloaded or saved to watch when I need a pick me up.
This is the history that I wish was discussed in high school. Excellent research! I am slightly disappointed but understand why Monty Python and the Holy Grail's scene was not included - Connie Booth as the witch is wearing a cone hat, but the scene is not historically accurate.
OH. MY. GOD. I TOTALLY FORGOT 🤦🏻♀️ my original plan was to include Monty python and Princess Bride clips! 😂 not that my computer/editing software would have let me do that... 😂😭 anyways - I am *so* sorry I failed you and all who expected a monty python reference!
Now I have that scene running through my head...
Thank you 😆
One of my friends posted it when I shared this video on my FB wall.
It's a fair cop gov.
A duck
Well, the carrot was us, but she is still a witch.
Favourite quotes from a favourite scene
@@felicitygee381 very small rocks 🤣
I find this topic so interesting - I'm a book reviewer and editor by trade and only recently endeavored into dissecting modern literature on Witchcraft and Wicca, and I find it fascinating on so many levels even though I am not a practitioner myself - the history of it is so deep, and it has evolved so much throughout the years, particularly in modern times where there's been a real shift to defining what it is and how gender and beliefs play into it. It's become so much more acceptable in the western world but still villainized in other countries. I could dig into this topic forever and never get tired.
Earlier this year, I stopped procrastinating my witch hat and forced myself to finish it. It took me 80 hours of handsewing, but it's finally done!
The conical (well, truncated cone) brimmed hat was called a "Capotain" or "Sugarloaf" according to the internet. We nowadays call it a "Pilgrim" hat, since it was worn by both men and women in the Puritan colonies in America. It's still worn by women in Wales as part of national folk costume, along with a shawl. The style goes from looking very Wicked, to very Abe Lincoln in terms of cone vs cylinder.
I live in a town founded by Quakers, so this was pretty cool to hear, every major building here was created by the Quakers
Anyone else reminded of the poem: The Grand Inquisitor, by Dostoevsky while watcing this?
Basically Jesus returns during the time of the Spanish inquisition, gets sentenced to death by burning, and the Inquisitor explains to him that the Roman Catholic Church and the State have rejected Jesus and his teachings of love long ago, and his return would upset their ballance of control.
"the Grand Inquisitor defends the following ideas: only the principles of the devil can lead to mankind's universal unification ... the catholic church improved on his (Jesus') work and addresses all people; the church *rules the world in the name of God, but with the devil's principles* " - wikipedia
Maybe the Quakers were on to something. They clearly recognised the discrepencies between the control the Roman Catholic Church / state was imposing vs the love that Jesus taught. I'll enjoy learning about their beliefs next.
PS: Thanks Abby for this amazing history lesson~!
I now expect a sudden view increase on Bernadettes "making a witch hat" video XD
Yup totally did that
Great to see this video done so well! That hat you snap on at the end - I have that exact one! My plan is to embroider a band on it after Samhain. One minor correction, modern witches are not wiccan. Wicca is a religious sect, and most witches are not wiccan. There are many pantheons and areligious witches practicing magick, divination, and herbalism, and following a variety spiritual paths (or not) that are not Wicca.
"Caliban and the Witch" by Silvia Federici is probably the most comprehensive history on gender and the witch hunts, I highly recommend it to anyone interested in the subject.
I seriously appreciate how much neutral facts you"ve brought to this video. Your own thoughts, opinions, and beliefs are much appreciated as well. It is always good and cool to be what you believe and to be 100% honest with all information such as the topic you shared in this video and of yourself. Keep up that cool work. I look forward to checking out some of your other uploads.
Witch hats are the ultimate spooky aesthetic and I’ve taken them for granted as just existing😂、I never even thought to look into the history; this is awesome, as are your amazing efforts in devotion to inclusivity
Thank you for creating an inclusive space here. The huge amount of acceptance for all kinds of people is my favorite thing about the historical costuming community
I've dressed up as a Swedish Easter Witch - I'll be sharing pictures of it again when orange is the theme for Fall For Costume and I'll be sure to tag you 😉 I prefer the aesthetic of the pointed hat though.
The Quaker hat is wide brimmed and pointy for walking in blizzards. It was a functional thing for midwives to wear as well. Babes are often born at night on a full moon.
Doesn't it blow off easily?
I have a hard time keeping my pretend witch's hat on in a tiny breeze. Can't see it in a blizzard.
@@KathrynTanner-t8f I tend to agree with you that costume hats easily blow off the head in the wind. But hats can be customized for the person. making them not blow off in the breeze
@@ms.caireenlounsbury8538This. There is a huge difference between a mass produced hat and one that was custom made for a specific person.
I KNOW WHO YOU REMIND ME OF! Caitlin Doughty! She’s so informative, but fun and kinda quirky. I’m so happy I found this channel. ☺️❤️
OMG yes! I am very new to Abby, only four years too late, but agree that she is very similar to Caitlin. They even sorta look alike.
I remember there was a law saying that if you accuse someone of being a witch, and she was one, you could claim her property...
Ah yes, that lovely property law loophole
I guess that law isn't still in place then otherwise there's other loopholes that protect them against that one cuz we have the Kardashians of which ppl claim to be witches all the time😂😂
@@Cookiecomunity 'tis a pity. But not a great loss.
I saw a original copy of the Malleus malleficarum in a feminist museum exhibit in Rome. Noone understood why I was so excited haha! They had the witch riding backwards and art from ancient greece and rome depicting magical creatures and witches like Circe and Medea. So cool!
That is so cool! I read it a few years ago for a class on the history of witch trials. Which museum is it in?
Oh gosh where! I'll go back to Rome soon, would be amazing to see
It was in Villa d'este in Tivoli just out side of Rome. I don't think it was a permanent exhibition unfortunately, but it was calle Eva e Eve I think. Hope you enjoy your trip!
Here's a link to the exhibition : www.trevicollectionhotel.com/news/en/eva-vs-eva-la-duplice-valenza-del-femminile-nellimmaginario-occidentale/
Thank you so much! grazie :)
I'm from PA and have So Much Love for our Quaker roots (IMO Quakers were/are badasses--worship that light, let those women speak and lead, abolish slavery, fight racism, be awesome) and I absolutely loved learning about the connection to witches--yet another reason to love them (both Quakers and witches) 🥰💖
Also: not all the way through yet but my immediate thought when she first started talking about Quakers was "The Witch of Blackbird Pond"
I came here to comment almost exactly the same thing. I'm also from PA and I think Quakers are a pretty badass group of people. The more I learn about them the more awesome they seem.
Great video! Interesting fact - Jacob Spenger was very anti “witch hunting” and was not in favor of this book. He actively was opposed to it, but when he died, one of his enemies Einrich Kramer, published this book and claimed he was a coauthor. So basically Einrich Kramer (Spelling is probably off) is one of the fathers of modern sexism
Close. Heinrich.
Thank you for your disclaimer at the beginning and your sensitivity to the multiple groups you mentioned. I love your videos. ❤
Incredible! My husband and I have been talking about the association of antisemitism and witches for a little while. Neither of us knew about the association with Quakers in Britain. Fascinating! Thank you for the excellent video as always :)
FYI: “antisemitism” is one word, not hyphenated
@@ragnkja Thank you!
I made my own crocheted witch's hat last night and as soon as it touched my head, I never wanted to take it off again. This video solidified my decision. Awesome work! Thanks, Abby! ❤️
Can you post a picture here? I would love to see it!
@@MiniMidgMom Thanks! I'm Not sure. If I can post a photo here, I don't know how lol!
OMG this was awesome. One of my great-grandmothers Mary Bliss Parsons was accused of witchcraft twice and was found innocent in both cases. She went to her grave and people still believed she was a witch... it was never discussed in the family history. I found out when Googling her for our family tree.. A lot of the women in our family are a bit magical...and we identify as pagan, wiccan and druid....
Me, a swedish person, having fun at your reaction when we come to "påskkärringar". Aka the cute kids who goes around giving eastercards in exchange for candy.. Like Halloween but during easter. And without the "trick or treat"
In Harpswell, Maine in the late 1600's a woman named Hannah Stover, a Quaker who was widowed and lived alone was ostracized by the local Protestant church because she did not go to church like all the others. When she died the men of the town deemed that she would not be allowed to be buried in the cemetery, but the women in town, all of whom Hannah had helped with her various medical herbs and caring tender carried her casket through town themselves and buried her with honor within the cemetery. Hannah was strong, capable, and determined to stand by her faith in a time when this was not the norm. My mother taught me this story and she was very proud of Hannah. I think it's a lesson for everyone. Your lecture was incredible, captivating, and delivered with an enthusiasm that I'm sure Hannah would have been proud of. :) Thank you.
I love these types of videos! This is a well researched, planned, and executed video! Good job as always!
I'm here for all the social history... even if I had to drop the speed of the video to catch everything you had to say. I vote yes, for more content like this.
I went from worried about wearing my soft wool witch hat to ready to ROCK IT every day ! Thank you SO MUCH for the knowledge!!
P.S. Abby we have the same hat lol I have it in the dark and light grey
I'm a practicing Witch of 13 years and would be happy to answer any questions.
I thought this video was well done!! The amount of research and respect is staggering!
As a witch, myself, I can say honestly that I loved this video. Your willingness to do a ton of research, and sift through the hate to get those nuggets that others have just played with was so heartening to hear. Thank you. And thank you so much for your introduction. You made it very clear that you, yourself, weren't espousing the ideas, but were using the terms, gender binaries, and concepts of the time only to explain those images and thoughts.
I always love your videos, but this one really went to my heart.
Me halfway through the explanation: "I should probably look up what Quakers mean before watching the rest"
Another video on the history of witches?! I'M IN 👏👏👏 Also, it hit me once again just how many things have been invented/discovered by women (ale for example, or computers too! Look it up!) and taken over by men when said thing becomes popular. Insane!
If someone wants to know more about Quakerism, Jessica Kellgren-Fozard have videos about it!
Isn't her name kellgren-fozard now?
@@lidewij4263 yes, sorry haha u.u
And don't forget the QuakerSpeak channel. It's been going for like 6 years now or something.
As a Quaker and queer nonbinary person this video heartens me. To have my adopted faith praised so beautifully and you have solidified all the reasons why I became a Quaker. Might need to go buy a witch hat.
Please try to regulate the volume to make it more consistent. I'm neurodiverse and very sensitive to sound and volume. What may come across to others as "slightly louder than a moment before" comes across to me as painfully shrill. And this vid has many cuts and inserts, with the volume changing pretty much moment to moment. I will, however, put down my knitting so that I can keep my finger on the volume control while I watch this video.
I love your work and the history with which you inform your viewers.
Well It's a small world. I was raised (vaguely) Quaker,* and from ~18 to ~;45, I considered myself Wiccan / Pagan (I'm now an atheist, but I still have a Quaker bent). I can confirm that Quakers are pretty badass. Never been one for wearing hats as a regular part of my wardrobe, but I think there's at least one style I'm fully entitled to wear, no?
Oh, and that trend of men discovering that a particular women-dominated business is something super-lucrative, so took it over, and pushed women out? Happened again in the 1980s and 90s, with Computer Programming. Can we, like stop this nonsense, already?!
* [Dad, Mom, and I never formally became members of any Meeting, but Dad's family were members of Germantown Meeting, in Pennsylvania. And we subscribed to the Magazine _Friends Journal_, so... yeah.]
Replying to myself, as a P.S.: One reason I think it's likely that Friends consistently wore out-of-fashion clothing (including the conical hat) was that clothing is often (always?) used as a marker of status, and one of the testimonies of our faith is that all people are of equal status in the eyes of God. So they refused to take their hats off in the presence of nobility, refused to use the formal "You" and instead, addressed everyone by "thee" and "thou" (and even modern Friends tend not to use Mr. Mrs. ms. etc. because these are all forms of "Master" and "Mistress"), and they certainly wouldn't make an effort to keep up with this generation's idea of fashion, if yester-decade's clothes were still fit for purpose! So of course, that's a thing that anti-Quakers would focus on.
Men taking over women’s work for economic gain...you mean the average chef? And especially celebrity chefs?
@@truepeacenik Yes. Yes, that is exactly what I mean.
Also midwifery being taken over by male obstetricians in the 19th century, at least in the US.
@@erraticonteuse oh, no, it’s (OB/GYN) been going on longer than that and started in Europe. “Women Healers” is a book that goes into the history of women being pushed out of medicine to financially benefit men.
Thank you, thank you, thank you. It is so refreshing and fascinating to get a fresh and well researched look at the history/origin of the witch hat.
I loved this! My great grandmother was a known witch and when I was a kid I thought that was so cool and wanted to learn more. I had books on herbal medicines and my rock collection (🤓) took on a whole different purpose, haha. Unfortunately, my mother didn't approve and I was punished. She said my great grandmother ruined the family with her Tarot cards. I was never told how or why, but all things witchcraft related were forbidden. I'm 40 now and pay my own damned mortgage... 🤔
Oh, I think you should research local newspaper articles for her ! Perhaps her local library has them on microfiche ? Though with the plague, unsure if that is online accessible?
@@m.maclellan7147 That would be so cool! I did make a family tree on ancestry.com so I might be able to find something through their upgraded databases. She was born in Puerto Rico and moved to Chicago in the 1940's... so I'm not sure. I've literally never seen a Puerto Rican newspaper. 🤭
Now that you are older, it might be worth asking around your extended family for more information. You never know what might pop up. :)
@@MsSavvy9 I am sure there were "social clubs" and newspapers in Chicago in the 40's !
Google "Puerto Rico" clubs in Chicago to get started.
I know in Boston there is a Canadian/American club that's been around for years - that's my heritage. And they have dances, music lessons & language lessons.
It's never too late to start learning about whatever subject you want to learn about.
I was in the process of crocheting myself a basic black witch hat, which turned out swell.
This was fascinating information!
I was inspired to wear my new hat beyond Halloween. I’ve gotten several compliments.
It was fun to see two teenage boys bump into each other to get a good look at the matron (I’m 54) in the green cloak and black witch hat. Maybe they just figure I’m a serious Harry Potter fan 👍