Wow, I knew nitinol could return to its shape depending on temperature, but never *that* dramatically. Learning something new and fun almost everyday with James!
rice cookers. when all the water is absorbed, theres nothing to stop the temperature from rising, and as soon as it gets above boiling temp a shape metal alloy triggers a switch that stops the heat. ive also heard of them being used in a similar way in shower heads as a safety measure that block the water if it gets too hot.
@@h7opolo The numb nuts is the one who clearly says non-electric THEN requests an electric load application. Anyhow, read about OTEC, not Nitinol, but applies the hot and cold theory in large scale applications.
@@h7opolo please do not ridicule someone who is asking questions!! People like you are the reason why children grow up with a fearful aptitude. When I was a kid my parents used to clear my doubts gently but not so much in the school, so after a point of time many students stopped asking questions. I don't know how it is affecting them now but surely it does affect people. 😕
I used nitinol wire probably thousands of times and never had any problems until I accidentally overheated the wire in one spot. After that it had problems getting back into position.
Good question with a weird/fun answer, not only does does nitinol not fatigue like other alloys it actually GETS STRONGER over time ua-cam.com/video/8-dCIkJAjyM/v-deo.html and this lab tested it to 23 million cycles ua-cam.com/video/oKmYqUSDch8/v-deo.html I looked into this material a few years ago. Most of the documentaries are from the 70s but well worth a watch and it seems that the applications for this material are numerous with my favorites being self expanding stents (triggered by body heat) to repair collapsed arteries and self reforming tires on the mars rover intended for use in an environment where regular rubber tires would shatter like glass.
Yes like all metals it undergoes fatigue, nitinol engine can last between 10^4 to 10^7-8 cycles depending on the strain (lower strain= longer cycle duration).
@@weakboy6871 some days ago, I tried to saw the very first video of vsauce and I just came back by seeing the thumbnail... Thinking how that channel transformed into an educational channel!
So, then, could you use the one that has it's memory set straight at room temperature and then use a cup of cold water to create the motor effect in the same way? If so, then could you use it to power a small boat motor in a cold body of water, but with a warm ambient air temperature out of the water? If so, you should totally make a small toy boat with such a motor as a cool demo.
I dont think that air really heats it up fast enough for it to properly work. warm water with cold air would be better, but also less common in reality unfortunately. cant scientifically back it up for now, but definitely feels that way
@@allylilith5605 you could keep some room-temperature water in the boat and have the wire wrapped around the wheels in a figure 8 formation, so that the narrow point of the "8" is above both bodies of water. Wrap some toweling arround the wire at certain points, to stop it from carrying drops of cold water into the room-temperature water. If it was full-sized, then you could sit in the room-temperature water to stop it from cooling down. Or you could have the tiny buckets attached to the room-temperature wheel, to catch bits of room-temperature air and force them to bubble through the water in the boat, to maybe stop it from cooling down? No, put something black over the water in the boat, so it will absorb sunlight and so stay warmer than the water the boat floats in.
Someone could use this to actually make a robot Muscles when used with electricity... But it would need like a bunch of Nitinol Wires collected together in order to be strong enough to carry heavy objects like itself.
general electric actually did a feasibility study on nitinol robotic actuator back in the 80s. Unfortunately its energy efficiency is extremely low about 16% base on experimental data, compare to electric motor of 95% and internal combustion energy of 30%, and even lower than pezoelectric motor of around 25%. And another issue is once you get to full scale actuator, it's very difficult to get the heat out to reset nitinol wire, so its cooling energy need for the equivalent power is much higher compare to other similar type of engine. Nitinol actuator does have pretty small packaging though, so in situation where power efficiency is not needed and it's operating in a thermal stable environment, some thing like endoscopic robot. Another setback that nitinol actuator suffers is since heat conduct through actuator material it self, so unless you have a very accurate heating and cooling control, its position precision control is much less when compare to pezoelectric motor that can have micron level precision at a high seek rate. So overtime nitinol actuator lose out to pezoelectric motor on the precision front and lose out to electric motor on energy efficiency front. Its only niche left is that it has very small packaging need, so mostly used in endoscopic robot that go through small pipe or go through human blood vessel to clear out plague.
James I wish I had a dad like you when I was a kid!! You're awesome and seem like such a good dude. Love your vids, always makes me happy and helps me learn😀
I well this material and this is an Amazing experiment! You have an incredible approach to all your videos! Probably one of the most accurate names for a channel ever :-) Thanks for being such an amazing scientific communicator
I can't say it often enough, but the content of this channel is excellent. High quality, always very well explained and educating. Thank you for making those videos!
This was an awesome video. As a 14 year med device designer with a long history of designing nitinol parts, this was like a perfect refresher and I learned new stuff as well. Thank you!!!
How?? How does he amaze us everytime?! This is so fascinating and amazing! Solid State Physics really is cool! It doesn't get enough recognition in the "popular physics" world
Is there a way to change what the “original shape” is? Do you just have to cast it as a liquid or is there some other way to adjust what shape a piece of nitonol will return to?
I think this explains it, from Wikipedia: "Nitinol alloys exhibit two closely related and unique properties: the shape memory effect and superelasticity. Shape memory is the ability of nitinol to undergo deformation at one temperature, stay in its deformed shape when the external force is removed, then recover its original, undeformed shape upon heating above its "transformation temperature". Superelasticity is the ability for the metal to undergo large deformations and immediately return to its undeformed shape upon removal of the external load. Nitinol can deform 10-30 times as much as ordinary metals and return to its original shape. Whether nitinol behaves with the shape memory effect or superelasticity depends on whether it is above the transformation temperature of the specific alloy. Below the transformation temperature it exhibits the shape memory effect, and above that temperature it behaves superelastically."
The reason for this nitinol spring to heating up is because the particles have more stronger kinetic energy when heated. It cools down, particles don't have kinetic energy anymore and the nitinol spring is stretched out!
Could you maybe (if you have the equipment) do an experiment about Sonoluminescence? I find it REALLY interesting but unfortunately there aren't many sources online
Omg I found another person who knows that word. I am unable to experiment but I have plenty of experiments to try. I have been studying Soundwaves and Sonic light for about 5 years now. I recommend the video from the thought emporium if you haven't found it yet. He details the basics of the setup and some ways it can fail. We need to try the experiment with larger scale. Also with different materials. Also the bubble created appears to be plasma but has never been studied in any way. I want to know the energy available in said plasma and if somehow it's greater than the energy required to provide the Soundwave we've solved infinite energy.
I had titanium memory metal glasses a few years ago. I was told you could bend it repeatedly 1500 times no problems. They snapped after less than 2years, which worked out to putting them on about 1500 times.. steel lasts longer in flexing.
The most pressing concern I have with the bonds of neighbors never being broken is: what if the current neighbors are too annoying? Like their dog they let run loose and it barks at absolutely nothing and they don’t stop it from being loud! ^true story!
Hey James, Could you please do a video on the quantum eraser experiment? Being new to modern physics (im 14 years and highly addicted to the channel btw), the experiment fascinates me. I think you have the equipment required.
Thanks for making this interesting video. I always want to learn something new. Btw, I was wondering how to change the original shape of that wire? Is there a critical temperature at which the bonds between the atoms can be broken and it's shape can actually be changed with no memory?
I believe the way you'd do that is to heat it above the austenitic phase he mentioned in the video. This would cool down in the shape you put it in, form the rigid austenitic bonds, and then further cooling relaxes those bonds into the martensite phase which makes the metal exhibit plastic behavior.
I'm honestly, in no way sciency at all, my school had really poor lessons and the teachers never attempted to make the subject enjoyable or engaging. I love this channel and its videos, because he talks in a way that isn't stupidly technical, but also doesn't sound condescending. :)
Nitinol, as with all engineered materials, does have fatigue properties. The exact number of fatigue cycles for any of the many applications depends on the specific design and stress/strains on the component. This is a very active area of academic and commercial research.
Finally an ad/sponsor I'd like to use and it says not compatible with my account. Plus doesn't even give an option for using alt emails. Maybe in the future.
I was just about to suggest using electric current to heat the wire then you did it! Nitinol has a comparable resistivity to Nichrome, which is used for heating elements, so its a natural fit! Very cool!
The only problem is to actually change the shape of the heated nitinol, you have to heat the metal until it can recrystallize in the shape you want. Aka near melting temps. My company had considered using nitinol for a valve, with the pressure of the fluid opening the valve and the nitinol closing it. The wire would, in theory, last much longer than other mechanical solutions.
Very nicely explained! Just had this in solid state chemistry as an example for the function of shape memory materials! The professor even used the same graphic.
Nitinol body armor. Hardens on bullet impact from the intense heat they carry. This would also make good tank armor. As a projectile enters the plating it starts to tighten up from the heat thus "catching" said projectile before penetration.
Hands down that nitinol engine is my next must have item. Cool video James!
I will be waiting for your that vedio 👍👍
i never knew his name was James 😀
Ok now I know his name thx
Wait 4:20 is this perpendicular motion
@@maniacmemes5746 you don't knew his name? His one clip was shown on TV there hosts tell his name
Wow, I knew nitinol could return to its shape depending on temperature, but never *that* dramatically. Learning something new and fun almost everyday with James!
I'm surprised I haven't seen shape-memory metals more often, it seems like it has some neat uses
I have seen it tho often
@Unsesquipedalian oh yea i have a nickel titanium wire in my bottom row of braces
Body panels of a car lol be putting auto body shops out of business
rice cookers. when all the water is absorbed, theres nothing to stop the temperature from rising, and as soon as it gets above boiling temp a shape metal alloy triggers a switch that stops the heat.
ive also heard of them being used in a similar way in shower heads as a safety measure that block the water if it gets too hot.
There are magic props designed using this.
Nitinol is used in implantable medical devices due to its strength memory and lack of magnetism and its a ton of fun to work with in that field!
That is exactly what I wanted to hear, thank you
Yeah, you can have a ton of fun, implanting devices into people. That doesn't sound suspect at all.
@@Mecharnie_Dobbs Yeah, especially when you are saving the lives of those people
that non-electric, simple engine is amazing. i want to see a load applied.
You mean like lifting a cup of rocks? 🤔
@@willyjimmy8881 i had a feeling a numb nuts would come along and request clarification. No, i do not mean weight, I mean electrical load.
@@h7opolo The numb nuts is the one who clearly says non-electric THEN requests an electric load application. Anyhow, read about OTEC, not Nitinol, but applies the hot and cold theory in large scale applications.
@@h7opolo please do not ridicule someone who is asking questions!! People like you are the reason why children grow up with a fearful aptitude. When I was a kid my parents used to clear my doubts gently but not so much in the school, so after a point of time many students stopped asking questions. I don't know how it is affecting them now but surely it does affect people. 😕
@@willyjimmy8881 Rocks, number one component of all starship bridge consoles.
5:26 Depending on its efficiency, this could be a good low vibration engine for non nuclear submarines.
Yes
I want to see how many watts it could produce if connected to a small generator. It would be pretty amazing if this could charge a battery
So.... Caterpillar Drive?
it wouldn't make any power. It barely spins itself. Apply load and it will stall
@@dieselgeezer18 You could make it as powerful as you want by increasing the width of the band.
Is there a fatigue effect that limits how many cycles of stretching and contraction it can go through before it stops working?
Hmmmm idk
I used nitinol wire probably thousands of times and never had any problems until I accidentally overheated the wire in one spot. After that it had problems getting back into position.
Good question with a weird/fun answer, not only does does nitinol not fatigue like other alloys it actually GETS STRONGER over time
ua-cam.com/video/8-dCIkJAjyM/v-deo.html
and this lab tested it to 23 million cycles
ua-cam.com/video/oKmYqUSDch8/v-deo.html
I looked into this material a few years ago. Most of the documentaries are from the 70s but well worth a watch and it seems that the applications for this material are numerous with my favorites being self expanding stents (triggered by body heat) to repair collapsed arteries and self reforming tires on the mars rover intended for use in an environment where regular rubber tires would shatter like glass.
Yes like all metals it undergoes fatigue, nitinol engine can last between 10^4 to 10^7-8 cycles depending on the strain (lower strain= longer cycle duration).
@@aetius31 that seems crazy..strong enough for light weight high efficiency heat combustion engine…
Could be used in a new type of air conditioner - Rotating Nitinol metal bands going towards heat and back to cool, transferring the heat away.
💡that might work
Heat pumps do a similar thing using liquid gas instead of Nitinol
HE IS LITERALLY THE COOLEST SCIENTIST TO MAKE PHYSICS INTERESTING TO WATCH.
And vsauce too!
TRUEEEE
Yeah 😃😃
@@weakboy6871 some days ago, I tried to saw the very first video of vsauce and I just came back by seeing the thumbnail...
Thinking how that channel transformed into an educational channel!
OK YOU DONT HAVE TO FUCKING YELL
That is arguably the coolest thing I’ve seen in a while! Coly how!
So, then, could you use the one that has it's memory set straight at room temperature and then use a cup of cold water to create the motor effect in the same way? If so, then could you use it to power a small boat motor in a cold body of water, but with a warm ambient air temperature out of the water? If so, you should totally make a small toy boat with such a motor as a cool demo.
Agreed, this would be so cool!
I dont think that air really heats it up fast enough for it to properly work. warm water with cold air would be better, but also less common in reality unfortunately. cant scientifically back it up for now, but definitely feels that way
@@allylilith5605 you could keep some room-temperature water in the boat and have the wire wrapped around the wheels in a figure 8 formation, so that the narrow point of the "8" is above both bodies of water.
Wrap some toweling arround the wire at certain points, to stop it from carrying drops of cold water into the room-temperature water.
If it was full-sized, then you could sit in the room-temperature water to stop it from cooling down.
Or you could have the tiny buckets attached to the room-temperature wheel, to catch bits of room-temperature air and force them to bubble through the water in the boat, to maybe stop it from cooling down?
No, put something black over the water in the boat, so it will absorb sunlight and so stay warmer than the water the boat floats in.
I've read about nitinol like 30 years ago. Finally I can not only see a demonstration but also a nice simple explanation of why it does what it does.
Oh wow, it's pretty old
He does some of the best experiments ever!
@NotRickroll👇 bro youre better than that
Someone could use this to actually make a robot Muscles when used with electricity... But it would need like a bunch of Nitinol Wires collected together in order to be strong enough to carry heavy objects like itself.
general electric actually did a feasibility study on nitinol robotic actuator back in the 80s. Unfortunately its energy efficiency is extremely low about 16% base on experimental data, compare to electric motor of 95% and internal combustion energy of 30%, and even lower than pezoelectric motor of around 25%. And another issue is once you get to full scale actuator, it's very difficult to get the heat out to reset nitinol wire, so its cooling energy need for the equivalent power is much higher compare to other similar type of engine. Nitinol actuator does have pretty small packaging though, so in situation where power efficiency is not needed and it's operating in a thermal stable environment, some thing like endoscopic robot. Another setback that nitinol actuator suffers is since heat conduct through actuator material it self, so unless you have a very accurate heating and cooling control, its position precision control is much less when compare to pezoelectric motor that can have micron level precision at a high seek rate. So overtime nitinol actuator lose out to pezoelectric motor on the precision front and lose out to electric motor on energy efficiency front. Its only niche left is that it has very small packaging need, so mostly used in endoscopic robot that go through small pipe or go through human blood vessel to clear out plague.
@@keenheat3335 🧠
@@keenheat3335 plaque*
Can Nitenol still experience metal fatigue? Or does the internal crystalline structure reassemble/restructure itself when heated?
Excellent question...I want to know the same...
Hmm.
I was wondering the same thing.
I've heard it can bend an infinite number of times (if it's pure) but can't say for certain.
Yes, just like all metals. It's more of a question of how much it takes.
with an strong enough electric current you could "reset" the spring with a press on a button.
As in change the shape it remembers? Yes
Isn’t that what he’s showing at 3:17?
This is like a flipflop logic when reset is high
@@marsrocket no they mean if it gets hot enough you can shape it to remember whatever you want as it’s regular shape
Thank you sir, you are the best,. Your experiments are very interesting. The sponsor helps me out too :)
Thanks, Sharuk! We're glad you found our service useful 💪
James I wish I had a dad like you when I was a kid!! You're awesome and seem like such a good dude. Love your vids, always makes me happy and helps me learn😀
I well this material and this is an Amazing experiment!
You have an incredible approach to all your videos! Probably one of the most accurate names for a channel ever :-)
Thanks for being such an amazing scientific communicator
He copied this from other channels.
I can't say it often enough, but the content of this channel is excellent. High quality, always very well explained and educating. Thank you for making those videos!
Be my permanent teacher. You even made quantum chemistry fun!😅
This was an awesome video. As a 14 year med device designer with a long history of designing nitinol parts, this was like a perfect refresher and I learned new stuff as well. Thank you!!!
The way he teach is so easy to understand, amazing
Thanks. Your videos always teach me something interesting. 👍
How?? How does he amaze us everytime?! This is so fascinating and amazing! Solid State Physics really is cool! It doesn't get enough recognition in the "popular physics" world
Man, this is incredible! Awesome! Super excited to experiment with nitinol
"So cool..." favorite phrase.
Love Nitinol! Great video, as always. Super informational in a consumable way. Keep it up!
Yep. Enjoyed it 😁 Huge thanks for your videos mate!
Keep up the good work man,really loving to see science from a perspective where even a common person can understand it
I've been off UA-cam for quite some time but never expected Ryan gosling to start teaching physics!!😲😲
Is there a way to change what the “original shape” is? Do you just have to cast it as a liquid or is there some other way to adjust what shape a piece of nitonol will return to?
I guess you just have to hold it in place as you heat it up: ua-cam.com/video/V9quSyg8oj4/v-deo.html
I was thinking the same thing
I think this explains it, from Wikipedia: "Nitinol alloys exhibit two closely related and unique properties: the shape memory effect and superelasticity. Shape memory is the ability of nitinol to undergo deformation at one temperature, stay in its deformed shape when the external force is removed, then recover its original, undeformed shape upon heating above its "transformation temperature". Superelasticity is the ability for the metal to undergo large deformations and immediately return to its undeformed shape upon removal of the external load. Nitinol can deform 10-30 times as much as ordinary metals and return to its original shape. Whether nitinol behaves with the shape memory effect or superelasticity depends on whether it is above the transformation temperature of the specific alloy. Below the transformation temperature it exhibits the shape memory effect, and above that temperature it behaves superelastically."
you just have to heat it up enough, not necessarily melt it
I was thinking the same thing too
I LOVE YOUR VIDEOS! I love finding new things on the internet and hands dow you are the best youtuber
Keep up the good work !
I want to see a car running with that engine. That would be cool!
The reason for this nitinol spring to heating up is because the particles have more stronger kinetic energy when heated. It cools down, particles don't have kinetic energy anymore and the nitinol spring is stretched out!
No doubt that this guy does one of the most amazing science phenomenon and experiments 🙌
I used to think your videos were kinda basic. But iv come to appreciate your work and now i find myself clicking on your videos more
I love physics too much and after watching your videos, it's like cherry on a cake
I love all your videos cause I always learn something new, thanks!
Could you maybe (if you have the equipment) do an experiment about Sonoluminescence? I find it REALLY interesting but unfortunately there aren't many sources online
Omg I found another person who knows that word. I am unable to experiment but I have plenty of experiments to try. I have been studying Soundwaves and Sonic light for about 5 years now. I recommend the video from the thought emporium if you haven't found it yet. He details the basics of the setup and some ways it can fail. We need to try the experiment with larger scale. Also with different materials. Also the bubble created appears to be plasma but has never been studied in any way. I want to know the energy available in said plasma and if somehow it's greater than the energy required to provide the Soundwave we've solved infinite energy.
@@V1ctoria00 I've already watched that one but unfortunately I don't have the equipment nor money to buy it 😒
Thanks man, this was a fun watch
This channel is so entertaining and interesting!
I had titanium memory metal glasses a few years ago. I was told you could bend it repeatedly 1500 times no problems. They snapped after less than 2years, which worked out to putting them on about 1500 times.. steel lasts longer in flexing.
If schools taught and explained all the awesome things you’ve shown us I would’ve actually wanted to be there I would have actually been excited to go
We can't we have teachers like this guy
Idk bucky barnes seems he can lift a train with them metal muscles 😳
That was an amazing episode! Thanks for sharing it! :D
The most pressing concern I have with the bonds of neighbors never being broken is: what if the current neighbors are too annoying? Like their dog they let run loose and it barks at absolutely nothing and they don’t stop it from being loud!
^true story!
Huh?
Free energy/perpetual motion/feedback loop
My question is how do they make shape memory alloys a certain shape in the first place
Nitinol has a memory temperature where it will "remember" the shape it is currently in. This is around 500°C.
Simplest explanation of nitinol I've heard.
Hey James,
Could you please do a video on the quantum eraser experiment? Being new to modern physics (im 14 years and highly addicted to the channel btw), the experiment fascinates me. I think you have the equipment required.
Yeah, this channel is fun to watch
You can do the same thing with tempered nylon wire springs. Heating it will make it contract and when it cools it decontracts
Thanks for making this interesting video. I always want to learn something new. Btw, I was wondering how to change the original shape of that wire? Is there a critical temperature at which the bonds between the atoms can be broken and it's shape can actually be changed with no memory?
yes it must be more than 200 c
Man you got the most interesting materials to show off. I hope you never run out!
Great video! Curious: How do you program your own custom shapes into the nitinol wire?
I believe the way you'd do that is to heat it above the austenitic phase he mentioned in the video. This would cool down in the shape you put it in, form the rigid austenitic bonds, and then further cooling relaxes those bonds into the martensite phase which makes the metal exhibit plastic behavior.
Good explanation Sir thank you
Loving these unrelated adds! Really gives credence to the science!
Could you test if the electricity from a 9v battery can get the metal to lift the same amount?
great explanation of how these work, thanks!
Don't show this spring to Physics professors, they'll fackin create an equation for this to ruin our lives
I like this channel because I genuinely learn something from every video I watch
I finally found a way to repair broken spring thanks :)
First
Yes
No
Cool
Holy sht i actually were the first one
Congo
I wish I had you as a teacher when I was younger. amazing stuff
Wish we had a teacher like you
I'm honestly, in no way sciency at all, my school had really poor lessons and the teachers never attempted to make the subject enjoyable or engaging.
I love this channel and its videos, because he talks in a way that isn't stupidly technical, but also doesn't sound condescending. :)
Nitinol, as with all engineered materials, does have fatigue properties. The exact number of fatigue cycles for any of the many applications depends on the specific design and stress/strains on the component. This is a very active area of academic and commercial research.
Finally an ad/sponsor I'd like to use and it says not compatible with my account. Plus doesn't even give an option for using alt emails. Maybe in the future.
3:46 the most useful thing I ever found in a UA-cam Ad.
Best experiment ever🔥👍
Awesome that you made this :3 been thinking about it some time.
- What if a Nitinol string forgets it's previous structure?
- IT'S ALZHEIMER’S NITINOL
Amazing video. I don't care much how long the video is , as long as it's informative and edited well. Thank you man.
5:47 perpetual machine unlocked🥴
2:15 that’s good and fun nice video James!
This is so cool!!! Thank you for sharing!!
Wanted to know this when I saw a video by Verge Science..about Nitinol .. 🤩❤️
Nitinol is basically like Vibranium because it stores kinetic energy
5:30
"~childish giggle~ Woahahaho! Look how fast it's GOEL"
Lmao why does he say it like that?! "Goel" 🤣
@@swoodruff lol he's such a dork
@@Corn0nTheCobb I love all of his videos but yea he really is a dork lol
I was just about to suggest using electric current to heat the wire then you did it! Nitinol has a comparable resistivity to Nichrome, which is used for heating elements, so its a natural fit! Very cool!
0:57
Yeah that usually happens to me when it gets cold, too
That is one of the coolest and smartest videos I've ever watched.
always thought about this use, thanks for the video! : )
this guy experiment are so intersting and knowledgable, that's why I alwalys like to watch his videos
Nice video!
Well done! researched Nitinol years ago! Fun stuff!
You're so cool. Please keep up the good work. I get really good ideas from your videos.
it's also called a sterling engine (hot / cold reaction)
The only problem is to actually change the shape of the heated nitinol, you have to heat the metal until it can recrystallize in the shape you want. Aka near melting temps. My company had considered using nitinol for a valve, with the pressure of the fluid opening the valve and the nitinol closing it. The wire would, in theory, last much longer than other mechanical solutions.
Thank you for making this videos,i learn so much from you and its fun too!! Thanks again!
The action lab: *exists*
Me: *Mind = BLOWN*
5:40 So, can I use this engine to cool my tea quicker?
Very nicely explained!
Just had this in solid state chemistry as an example for the function of shape memory materials! The professor even used the same graphic.
6:00 cool video and all but you cant ignore that amazing cup
Everyone talking about some "fatigue"
while me-What happens if you put a knot?💀
Wow. You're a great teacher.
Nitinol body armor. Hardens on bullet impact from the intense heat they carry. This would also make good tank armor. As a projectile enters the plating it starts to tighten up from the heat thus "catching" said projectile before penetration.
I want to see how nitinol metal transfers heat. I also want to see how much it can lift by cooling instead of heating, even if it isn't much.
I really love your videos!