Luckily, there is NOTHING to worry about with this ongoing earthquake swarm at Taupo. Not only is there no detectable uplift, but the rate of earthquakes although higher than normal is still quite low.
There is a feeder system that is regularly intruding multiple cubic kilometres of deep magma at around 20km depth. Our geologists don't share your complacency about its risk. It is the most often erupting supervolcano in the world.
My father is from New Zealand and took us on a month long tour of trains, planes and automobiles and my God, what a beautiful country with the nicest people I've ever met. Australia was similar in both respects and I had to insist on paying for cab rides. Tangent rambling over. Edit: My father worked for the Smithsonian for 50 years so I appreciate you using their data as opposed to Wikipedia. Again, thanks for sharing.
I am always glad to share the nation’s geologic features. This might come as a surprise, but I have only ever directly ventured to the NZ South Island. I am planning a north island visit in the next few years
@@chesterfieldthe3rd929 I honestly have no idea what you're referring to. My father is a marine biologist that studies creatures with no bones ironically.
It's amazing that there is enough material for you to make 5 videos a week 😳 not that I didn't know the volcanic science wasn't vast I just didn't understood how active the planet is!
@@edwardfletcher7790 What local town,and before you write something stupid I lived in Turangi for 4 years,worked and hiked all round the volcanic plateau.
As a kid some 60 odd years ago our family used to holiday at Hatepe on Lake Taupo. We used to walk around to the white cliffs for trout fishing. The Horomatangi Reef was well below the waterline and was never a danger to small boats. I was last there in 2014 and saw that the top of the reef now sits above the water and is well marked to keep boats away. It is definately rising slowly.
You're the best geology channel on UA-cam hands down! Also the illustration on how these quakes form is very easily understood and portrayed. Keep up the good work! 👍
Hi,my name is Laurajane and I live in Taupo. We live here because we love the place, people and lifestyle. Sure we have a few shakes but we never really take notice of them. It is such a lovely place to live. My parents come from here so this is home for me
I’m a kiwi so it’s great to hear more about our largest volcano in the north island. I had heard about the new earthquakes under the lake this week so good to have some more info about them. Thanks!
Thank you for the information about Taupo Volcano. The area is very active and has two geothermal electric generation power stations making use of the power of steam. As there are many other active volcanos in that area it would be great if you covered the rest of the Rotorua area. Mt Tarawera last erupted in1886 and there are quite a few others that make an interesting, very active landscape, especially around Rotorua city.
Hi GH! Thank you for this update! Please consider discussing the Adirondack Mtns and how they are considered a 'failed hotspot' and their formation is unrelated to the Appalachians.
Failed hotspot? First off their interpretation is far from settled but even under the mantle plume theory I don't think "failed" is the right term since seismic tomography shows a large low density plume head like feature down in the lower part of the upper mantle and altitude measurements show they are still rising meaning the ascent is still ongoing. If anything what I have read seems to suggest its a plume head in transit which will probably reach the surface some tens of millions of years in the future. The feature is quite young as a whole so it is no surprise that it hasn't reached the surface. Notably its at the periphery of the LLSVP zone to the southeast and there is a slab wall under the Eastern seaboard which seems like it may have recently hit the core mantle boundary. That may very well be the source for the adjacent rising low density anomaly which at its top spans several states as using Karin Sigloch's estimates for the annual rate of sinking for slabs (~10cm per year) and the annual rate of uplift (~2 mm per year ) the most parsimonious explanation is the plume has only started to form 10 million years ago and just hasn't had enough time to reach the surface from the core mantle boundary. The rate appears to be quite steady with no signs of slowing down so I see no reason to think it has "failed". 10 million years is just far too short for the plume head to have reached the surface to form a new hotspot so its only completed maybe about 60-70% of the Journey to the surface. Everything that has occurred thus far on the surface is just the response of the crust as the mantle is being pushed aside, remember the region which the Adirondack dome spans is huge and the activity began only 10 million years ago which is a blink of an eye in geologic time so nothing has stopped or failed merely the process hasn't finished and our existence as a species is too fleeting to notice the difference. Give it another say 5 to 7 million years and things will probably start to get much more dramatic. Even if this is the case we don't have a good time table for how long this ascent will take as it is a transient feature not saved in the geologic record, in the end the only thing that gets preserved is the vast flood basalts that form when it reaches the surface meaning this is an active time domain we don't know anything about. In principal the only rocks which could tell us this story are usually buried under kilometers of basalt and they will have also have undergone magmatic/volcanic alteration meaning the record is largely erased.
I was just reading a BBC article about LLSVPs within the mantle and I would love to hear what you think about these. The article was sent to my email so I can't link it, but I imagine it can be found on the BBC website. They had some very interesting theories about the bodies - 'Jason' under the pacific and 'Tuzo' under Africa - even referring to one by scientists from AZ University that I rather liked. Deep earth is not something we ever hear much about and I would love to know current thought (the article was based on a 2016 paper). They must affect our volcanic systems in some way.
correct pronunciation is 'toe-paw'. 'Tarawera' uses soft 'ah' sounds. R sounds in Te Reo are trilled/rolled if you can do it. What you sound like you are saying for Taupo is 'Tapu', which means 'sacred'
I would love for you to talk about other forms or aspects of geology!!! Way to centered on just volcanoes! Let’s say some conversation or some studies on gems and different types of rocks. Where they’re located, how they can be found, and what to look for!
Hi mate, yeah this was on the news here in NZ. The minor tremors the caused by the dormant Taupo Super Volcano is something we must keep an eye on. At least Mt Ruapehu only had a steam eruption lately! 😃
Hi! I know I've said it already several months ago but I would really love some videos about the ancient italian volcanoes such as Roccamonfina and Vulture
Hi GeologyHub! There was recently some news about a ship mapping Hunga Tunga and showing it was surprisingly intact. Is it something worth interpreting in detail yet from your expert POV, or would you wait until they have remotely mapped the caldera itself as well?
I’m waiting for the caldera to be fully mapped. All I am certain of is my theory of a major lateral landslide was wrong. Such a landslide never occurred during the eruption
Hi Geology Hub! Could you do a video on ancient Southern California volcanos and fields? We have em! Our area isn't so dead either! The following are approximately 10 million years old: Conejo Volcanics, Temecula Volcanics with an eroded putative cinder cone and can seen from google earth including a flow displaced 200 feet on the canyon wall (USGS is a different name pre 1970s I would rather not repeat here and i will provide in private message if asked), the Glendora volcanics and Dacite Dikes on Mt San Antonio (Mt Baldy), and a 500 Sq mile basalt flow that is heavily eroded that is on the tops of the Temecula coastal range from Mesa de Burro to the top of Mt Elsinore, the hogbacks near Murrieta CA and the soil here is made up of the eroded basalt. The same basalt is found at depth and on the surface in the city if Lake Elsinore at 6,000 feet as the Temecula Tough is a graben, and finally a 140-160 million year old ring dyke complex called the Paloma Valley Ring Complex that appears to have two separate intrusions with one appearing to be related calderon substance with magmatic stopping you can see on the surface.
Nice video. Objective, no fearmongering etcetera. Good info! As Taupo is indeed a very powerful Supervolcano, it wil ltake a véry long time for it to build up enough to come to an actual eruption. Earthquake swarms like you have described, indeed occur rather frequently, which 'simply' means that magma is on the move: Building up. Would this be a catastrophic buildup: Soon to erupt, the intensity and frequency of these earthquakes would be much much larger, but still: This Supervolcano is alive! Yet, wóuld this monster among monsters indeed come to an eruption ,the consequenses are beyond imagining i think. Your correct referance to its largest eruption, burying the entíre island in 200 meters of volcanic ash, does put a picture in the mind though. Taupo is known for incredibly violent eruptions(200 meters of ashlayer is a LOT...) Thanks for the video-update, and keep it up! I really like your vid's!
Kiwi here. Let's face it, unless one has been very diligent in learning Te Maori / correct pronunciations, one can still make a boo-boo. I know I do, yet I try hard. Heck: I only picked up on 'kauri' two years ago. Honestly, I barely noticed the errors. Geology Hub makes every effort, wherever he in in the world. Props to him, I say, for effort!
At school we were taught that the last eruption from Taupa occurred in AD 30 from various field trips I conducted the ground surface was covered in pumus lapili from that eruption. The area of the trips was around Matamata at least 100 miles from the epicenter
Yeah we've got to swarms going at the moment which we get regular updates on, the other spot is Mount Ruapehu which is current doing a little rubble as well. Joys of living on the Pacific ring of fire.
Has any crater lake or caldera lake ever become a mountain again? Just wondering if its even possible for volcanoes to return to pre collapse heights again.
yes it's possible and such a full life cylce was even observed for the Bezymianny volcano. With caldera systems you have the "problem" that there is no prior height these volcanoes can grow back to. smaller like the mentioned Anak Krakatau are in the process of healing their wound created by caldera forming eruptions.
@@SinnerChrono Taupo and Toba were never cones. Supervolcanos don’t build up cones. Crater Lake does have a cinder cone in the middle of it. That indicates some building. It’s hard to say, though. There is hydrothermal activity beneath the lake but it hasn’t erupted in a long time. If it were as active as Mt. Saint Helens, though, it would probably be capable of rebuilding.
@@yinyangphoenix I remember when I was a teenager there was some discussion about whether Taupo was a conical mountain or a landmass of geothermal area like we see at Rotorua, prior to eruption. Once an area has a supervolcanic eruption does it mean that area will ALWAYS have supervolcanic events?
@@Noofsmissus What fuels volcanoes (subduction zones like Mt. Saint Helens, hotspots like Hawaii, and magma chambers like Yellowstone and Toba) certainly will continue to fuel them, but change occurs over time. Subduction zones change (the west coast of what is now California was once a subduction zone and there was a mid-ocean rift until the eastern side of the rift was subducted and that stretch was transformed into a strike-slip zone), the crust slides over hotspots and creates new islands (like Hawaii) and the crust slides over super volcanoes so that they seem to gradually migrate (we know that the magma chamber beneath Yellowstone was once located in Oregon, then later beneath southern Idaho and now it’s beneath Wyoming and Yellowstone. The one thing I don’t know is whether those magma chambers eventually stop being fed. I keep hearing that we don’t have to worry about supervolcanos anytime soon, though. SciShow did a video on that.
You guys should read about the late 1880’s basaltic plinian VEI 5 eruption of Tarawera just a bit NE of Taupo. It’s one of the most fascinating and unique explosive eruptions in recent history. It would be on my short list of “time travel bubble” trips eruptions to go back and witness.
Has any big lava chamber NOT collapsed before and is it possible to drill to such depth to see the area? Or even without lava refill, it would still be to hot and inhospitable for camera?
I'd say Supervolcano. Iirc there's 'only' about 8 or 9 of them in the world, plus a few unknown ones on the oceanfloors. But there are a lot of unique volcano's. The Rift-volcano's on Iceland: Katla or Laki are particulairly violent and dangerous. The Taal on the Phillipines which is mostly 'hidden away' in its massive calderalake. Campi Flegrei is a small supervolcano under western Naples, who's caldera feeds the Vesuvius as well. Campi' is also terrifyingly dangerous, due to the 3+ Million people living in Naples itself, not to mention the many other places around it. And last, but certainly not least, on the contrairy, there's Flood-volcano's. But they are só rare to erupt, the last time was ~250M years ago: the Siberian Traps. Flood-volcanism dwarfs Supervolcano's, like comparing a firecracker to the Tzar-bomba...(not exaggerated! Flood-volcanism is even worse then the biggest eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io!) Its theorized that Mars' Olympus Mons caused a Flood-eruption on the planet, causing it now to be so red-barren and dead... That happened to the Earth as well, after the Siberian Traps 'flooded' all over northern Russia for hundreds and hundreds of square kilometers... Earth has a monster like the Olympus Mons as well: the Tamu Massif, located 'between Japan and Hawaii". Though its 'only' about a quarter of 'Mons' size, it measures around 350km in diameter and is elevated about 4km from the Pacific's floor/~1.9km under the Pacific's surface. Scientists think the Tamu Massif is extinct, but for a (super- ... maybe Hyper- or Mega-)volcano like that, its impossible to say, as it'd that millions of years for súch a vast monstrosity to build up and come to an eruption.
Can you cover the Volcanos of Lake Van in Turkey? I know the lake was formed by an eruption at the start of human Prehistory and I am curious if there are volcanos that could do this again. Also is Mt. Hassan going active again? I heard there were earthquakes there.
@@bw-leftturnracing7779 And if you were wondering: CE = Common Era. You will also see BCE: Before the common era. These in use because some don't want the date system to emphasize Christianity.
CE = Common Era, a term used by historians (and they have been using it for some time.) If you've not heard it before then you've not be listening to academics. The term Common Era is used instead of Gregorian calendar terminology, though the two give equivalent dates. Common Era is preferred as it does not assert any particular religious cult.
@@danielcarroll3358 "the date system to emphasize Christianity." - the Gregorian calendar is different , and originated much later, than the Julian calendar so even if you wanted to associate with Christianity you'd have to choose the earlier calendar as it dates from the time of the formation of Christianity. The Gregorian calendar was an attempt at a better calendar (and I suppose it is) but originates over a millennium after Christianity.
Both oceanic and continental crusts move becos of S and P waves which are generated from the earth's core. And we termed these movements as being tectonic. As the oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust, seismic waves are produced that cause shakes termed as earthquakes.
I asked for you to talk about the Craters of the Moon months ago. This area is gradually spreading as the hot zone moves under it. The best bit though are the geothermal prawns from the place opposite!!
Aww I think the Prawn Park is now closed :( I am so sad I never got to go there. All the kids I taught went there over their summer break or winter break and I would literally get a term worth of writing all about prawns - how to cook them.... Prawn life cycles ... Prawn exoskeletons.... Prawn fantasy stories/love stories/science fiction. It was so cool... But it was shut when I went in 2021 and then I heard it was closed down :(
Like @River Amazon mentioned: thats normal. Iirc, there's about 1200+ volcanos on the world('s surface. There's fár more below sealevel). The real point is: nowadays communications, thanks to the Internet, are fár more advanced then ~20-30 years ago. You hear about évery smaller or medium-eruption nowadays.
Can you talk about the division between Indian and Australian plates? Sometimes it's called Indo-Australian plate and sometimes they are separate with a fault in-between.
I had looked into that it seems to be largely dependent on the age of the source material in question. basically it has long been known that the Indo-Australian plate which formed when the Indian ocean ridge system went extinct some 43 million years ago has been in the process of breaking up under the strain of the formation of the Himalayas and so it was assumed this was an ongoing process. Thanks to several powerful Earthquakes in the region we know know that this initial split actually completed around 3 million years ago. Instead the new break ups we are seeing are further fracturing of the Indian plate.
So, while it’s highly unlikely that Yellowstone or Taupo would produce a VEI-7/8 eruption in the near future, what is the likelihood of smaller scale eruptions occurring at these volcanoes, like < VEI 4
Taupō is pronounced toe-paw. The 'a' and 'u' are combined in a diphthong and rhyme with 'no'. The long 'o' vowel in te reo Māori is pronounced like 'pork' :)
Super-Eruption? Erhm, no... A few smaller VEI-7s would do the trick. Look up the Wiki-article on 'The Year without Summer", about Tambora's 1815 eruption. And if i can point one or two out: Mt Erebus on Antarctica: barely inhabited, so little to no human casualties from such an eruption itself, as for a potential second, i'd say Sheveluch on Kamtsjatka?
Been Watchin this spot for awhile Now and Concerning when Scientists are saying that there is a now large Volumes of water being Moved about Currently and Yes Two Main Swarms is a bit Scary ..
What i think tho. In the next max 20 years, it will erupt. It may even erupt in like 5 years. Like, if alot more earthquakes come, it may erupt soon. Am I right or wrong? Edit: Since i was like. 8-9 maybe 10. I've been loving volcanoes, like 2 months ago, i found your channel, when you upload i watch it. Like volcanoes are cool. But can be dangerous. My favourite volcano before was mount vesuvius, now i dont know. I think its still gonna be vesuv, or i dont know. Maybe yellowstone, maybe mount toba whatever its called. Well see.
2022: I came and saw Taupo Supervolcano: I got this headache of swarms La Palma Volcano: You just need to 🌋 by December so I can compare my Christmas decorations with yours President Putin: I will just mushroom 🍄☁️💥 both of you Omicron: You 3 got nothing, Soon I will rule the 🌎 and you can't stop me 🦠 Monkeypox: Look at that 🦟 ⬆️ 🦠 biting, The 🐒 make you look invisible after I am done with wiping the slate clean🤣
Not gonna lie but the way you're pronouncing Taupo is wrong. As a New Zealander it's quite funny on how you are pronouncing it hilariously wrong. Don't you feel bad, there are a few of us who also pronounce it wrong as well. To pronounce Taupo properly it is Toe-paw.
no reason to worry, really??? may be they will have more time to evacuate in case of eq swarm, but they seemed to forget 3 crucial points: 1/ water , the caldera is filled with a huge lake...and if lava enter in contact, its goes boom...and its very unpredictable. iuts a subaquatic volcano now with depth of 180meters...rather same depth that tonga submarine volcano before eruption ..you can imagine what happen if the lake vaporize. 2/ lack of experience, modern eyes never witness this system erupting. 3/ great vei past eruption, mean this system tend to have brutal release of pressure instead permanent erupting, the explosivity mean that the warning sign could be lesser in size than the eruption....and yes ground deformation is a good factor for prevention.
Taupo has seen periods of seismic unrest before in record history. In the 50s there was a huge number of earthquakes in a short time before it settled back down. This isn't unusual
@@antipropo461 My comment was about the reemergence of a supervolcano in the North Island that would pretty much make life unlivable for a large percentage of that island and possibly the South Island if it erupted.
@@thegreenreaper6660 a super eruption maybe classed as that but calling a caldera forming volcano a super volcano is a media hyped thing if you look it up properly.
Update hunga tonga might cause the start of the monkeypox outbreak which is very unknown about how did the monkey and rat got affected anyway. But so anyway that the update anyway. -------------------------------------------------------------------- I will update my vei rated hunga tonga to an vei 6 - 8 now. Between there will work for me as well. Because of how bad it is as well. We got everything studying but underwater. We need to find out the crater depth and size. And it might by larger the toba (like thanks finger snap the sea crest away by the eruption) so the crater will be huge. So that is understanding will be unknown from underwater until ocean rated scientists to remap hunga tonga underwater surface directly for real yet. So that why the we still don't know how strong it is yet. So I still be update for more be issuing for sure. So stay tuned. And good luck everyone. Bye.
Hunga-Tonga a VEI 6? I dó doubt that. I read that this immensely lárge explosion, though enormous in size and power, only lasted about 10 minutes... yet in those 10 minutes it fumed up over 400.000 cubic meters of volcanic fallout, which classes it as a VEI-4(only). The shocking reality is that this 'beast' cáused a VEI-4 in merely 10 minutes. If Hunga-Tonga had 'partied on' for a few days, weeks, or months even, then a VEI 6, 7 or even 8 would indeed have been possible!
Update japan released the model from underwater. The central peak is blown off to thin air. The landslide is a lateral blast. Hunga tonga is now an submarine caldera volcano. Some how hunga tonga just did an caldera formation eruption. The only volcano to do that is my tombera Indonesia. So pow official is made the vei number to a 7 eruption. Because of the underwater models we got from japan anyway.
And they said the volcano is still intact. So it officially not an vei 8 eruption. It is not an vei 6. Because the steep slope of the central peak to browned off the thin air to the caldera formation eruption. So it is now an submarine crater lake now. So that is what is going on here. And that so suprising when I say that anyway. So stay tuned for more updates for hunga tonga eruption. And I will see you soon. And otherwise so long everyone. Bye.
@@Natoyarose ?? LOL. So you're one of those people huh? FYI he mispronounced names from loads of other countries as well. Seriously though what is this logic? Mispronounce name = colonialism LMAO
@@PondScummer I lived in NZ nearly my entire life and met many Maori. Literally none of them got offended to the point of calling it "justification for colonialism" (whatever that means) for mispronouncing names. It is asinine to compare innocent mistakes like this to colonialism.
Luckily, there is NOTHING to worry about with this ongoing earthquake swarm at Taupo. Not only is there no detectable uplift, but the rate of earthquakes although higher than normal is still quite low.
What was the most powerful eruption in Greece?
The main issue is it could be overdue
Thanks for the video. I live in Taupo and these earthquakes are just a way of life🙂
Very nice work!
There is a feeder system that is regularly intruding multiple cubic kilometres of deep magma at around 20km depth. Our geologists don't share your complacency about its risk.
It is the most often erupting supervolcano in the world.
My father is from New Zealand and took us on a month long tour of trains, planes and automobiles and my God, what a beautiful country with the nicest people I've ever met. Australia was similar in both respects and I had to insist on paying for cab rides. Tangent rambling over.
Edit: My father worked for the Smithsonian for 50 years so I appreciate you using their data as opposed to Wikipedia. Again, thanks for sharing.
I am always glad to share the nation’s geologic features. This might come as a surprise, but I have only ever directly ventured to the NZ South Island. I am planning a north island visit in the next few years
Did your father ever say anything about the giant bones that went there and disappeared? Just curious 😉
@@chesterfieldthe3rd929 I honestly have no idea what you're referring to. My father is a marine biologist that studies creatures with no bones ironically.
It's amazing that there is enough material for you to make 5 videos a week 😳 not that I didn't know the volcanic science wasn't vast I just didn't understood how active the planet is!
You truly only need to really worry if you start seeing the lake getting a lot shallower or if it starts draining out in a certain area.
It's the waves from an earthquake tsunami that would destroy the local town...
i agree
It does drain out to become the Waikato River
Not nessessarly. The uplift could come from the north edge. It is moving and most of the activity is to the north east.
@@edwardfletcher7790 What local town,and before you write something stupid I lived in Turangi for 4 years,worked and hiked all round the volcanic plateau.
As a kid some 60 odd years ago our family used to holiday at Hatepe on Lake Taupo. We used to walk around to the white cliffs for trout fishing. The Horomatangi Reef was well below the waterline and was never a danger to small boats. I was last there in 2014 and saw that the top of the reef now sits above the water and is well marked to keep boats away. It is definately rising slowly.
My in-laws live in Taupo and I live roughly 100 kms away in Napier. Its nice having all this in our back yard so to speak. 😊
Thank you for your update.
Gary, New Jersey.
The hot springs are fantastic there!! Great vacation spot!
anything similar to onsen? ryokan overthere?
You're the best geology channel on UA-cam hands down! Also the illustration on how these quakes form is very easily understood and portrayed. Keep up the good work! 👍
i’d love to see more on the volcanics in the taupo volcanic field eg ngarurahoe and tongariro love the content dude
Hi,my name is Laurajane and I live in Taupo. We live here because we love the place, people and lifestyle. Sure we have a few shakes but we never really take notice of them. It is such a lovely place to live. My parents come from here so this is home for me
I’m a kiwi so it’s great to hear more about our largest volcano in the north island. I had heard about the new earthquakes under the lake this week so good to have some more info about them. Thanks!
Thank you for the information about Taupo Volcano. The area is very active and has two geothermal electric generation power stations making use of the power of steam.
As there are many other active volcanos in that area it would be great if you covered the rest of the Rotorua area. Mt Tarawera last erupted in1886 and there are quite a few others that make an interesting, very active landscape, especially around Rotorua city.
Make that 9 geothermal power stations and another one currently being built. Sitting at one at the moment at 4am on a night shift 🙂
Pls I need to hear about the Cascadia subduction zone. Thankyou very much
Hi GH! Thank you for this update!
Please consider discussing the Adirondack Mtns and how they are considered a 'failed hotspot' and their formation is unrelated to the Appalachians.
Failed hotspot? First off their interpretation is far from settled but even under the mantle plume theory I don't think "failed" is the right term since seismic tomography shows a large low density plume head like feature down in the lower part of the upper mantle and altitude measurements show they are still rising meaning the ascent is still ongoing. If anything what I have read seems to suggest its a plume head in transit which will probably reach the surface some tens of millions of years in the future. The feature is quite young as a whole so it is no surprise that it hasn't reached the surface.
Notably its at the periphery of the LLSVP zone to the southeast and there is a slab wall under the Eastern seaboard which seems like it may have recently hit the core mantle boundary. That may very well be the source for the adjacent rising low density anomaly which at its top spans several states as using Karin Sigloch's estimates for the annual rate of sinking for slabs (~10cm per year) and the annual rate of uplift (~2 mm per year ) the most parsimonious explanation is the plume has only started to form 10 million years ago and just hasn't had enough time to reach the surface from the core mantle boundary. The rate appears to be quite steady with no signs of slowing down so I see no reason to think it has "failed".
10 million years is just far too short for the plume head to have reached the surface to form a new hotspot so its only completed maybe about 60-70% of the Journey to the surface. Everything that has occurred thus far on the surface is just the response of the crust as the mantle is being pushed aside, remember the region which the Adirondack dome spans is huge and the activity began only 10 million years ago which is a blink of an eye in geologic time so nothing has stopped or failed merely the process hasn't finished and our existence as a species is too fleeting to notice the difference. Give it another say 5 to 7 million years and things will probably start to get much more dramatic. Even if this is the case we don't have a good time table for how long this ascent will take as it is a transient feature not saved in the geologic record, in the end the only thing that gets preserved is the vast flood basalts that form when it reaches the surface meaning this is an active time domain we don't know anything about.
In principal the only rocks which could tell us this story are usually buried under kilometers of basalt and they will have also have undergone magmatic/volcanic alteration meaning the record is largely erased.
I was just reading a BBC article about LLSVPs within the mantle and I would love to hear what you think about these. The article was sent to my email so I can't link it, but I imagine it can be found on the BBC website. They had some very interesting theories about the bodies - 'Jason' under the pacific and 'Tuzo' under Africa - even referring to one by scientists from AZ University that I rather liked. Deep earth is not something we ever hear much about and I would love to know current thought (the article was based on a 2016 paper). They must affect our volcanic systems in some way.
Subscribe to Suspicious0bservers YT channel for more recent discussion on the large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
correct pronunciation is 'toe-paw'. 'Tarawera' uses soft 'ah' sounds. R sounds in Te Reo are trilled/rolled if you can do it. What you sound like you are saying for Taupo is 'Tapu', which means 'sacred'
I would love for you to talk about other forms or aspects of geology!!! Way to centered on just volcanoes! Let’s say some conversation or some studies on gems and different types of rocks. Where they’re located, how they can be found, and what to look for!
Talk about laguna del maule complex, is having some nice earthquake swarms and uplift! 👌😬
How do they determine the composition of the magma in a magma chamber? Seismology?
Laser scanning the dimensions
Nearby is Rotorua, which is where the Polynesian Spa is located.
Ah! The Polynesian Spa!
Hi mate, yeah this was on the news here in NZ. The minor tremors the caused by the dormant Taupo Super Volcano is something we must keep an eye on. At least Mt Ruapehu only had a steam eruption lately! 😃
Haha, live about 100m from the lake edge. When it starts bubbling I'll start running!
Thanks for the update.
Hi! I know I've said it already several months ago but I would really love some videos about the ancient italian volcanoes such as Roccamonfina and Vulture
Hi GeologyHub! There was recently some news about a ship mapping Hunga Tunga and showing it was surprisingly intact. Is it something worth interpreting in detail yet from your expert POV, or would you wait until they have remotely mapped the caldera itself as well?
I’m waiting for the caldera to be fully mapped. All I am certain of is my theory of a major lateral landslide was wrong. Such a landslide never occurred during the eruption
Hi Geology Hub! Could you do a video on ancient Southern California volcanos and fields?
We have em! Our area isn't so dead either!
The following are approximately 10 million years old: Conejo Volcanics, Temecula Volcanics with an eroded putative cinder cone and can seen from google earth including a flow displaced 200 feet on the canyon wall (USGS is a different name pre 1970s I would rather not repeat here and i will provide in private message if asked), the Glendora volcanics and Dacite Dikes on Mt San Antonio (Mt Baldy), and a 500 Sq mile basalt flow that is heavily eroded that is on the tops of the Temecula coastal range from Mesa de Burro to the top of Mt Elsinore, the hogbacks near Murrieta CA and the soil here is made up of the eroded basalt. The same basalt is found at depth and on the surface in the city if Lake Elsinore at 6,000 feet as the Temecula Tough is a graben, and finally a 140-160 million year old ring dyke complex called the Paloma Valley Ring Complex that appears to have two separate intrusions with one appearing to be related calderon substance with magmatic stopping you can see on the surface.
Can you do a video about the Great Rift Valley?
Would you do Popigai impact crater next?
Nice video. Objective, no fearmongering etcetera. Good info!
As Taupo is indeed a very powerful Supervolcano, it wil ltake a véry long time for it to build up enough to come to an actual eruption.
Earthquake swarms like you have described, indeed occur rather frequently, which 'simply' means that magma is on the move: Building up.
Would this be a catastrophic buildup: Soon to erupt, the intensity and frequency of these earthquakes would be much much larger, but still: This Supervolcano is alive!
Yet, wóuld this monster among monsters indeed come to an eruption ,the consequenses are beyond imagining i think. Your correct referance to its largest eruption, burying the entíre island in 200 meters of volcanic ash, does put a picture in the mind though. Taupo is known for incredibly violent eruptions(200 meters of ashlayer is a LOT...)
Thanks for the video-update, and keep it up! I really like your vid's!
Kiwi here. Found it funny you were able to pronounce Ruapehu and Tongariro really well but not Taupo or Tarawera.
Kiwi here. Let's face it, unless one has been very diligent in learning Te Maori / correct pronunciations, one can still make a boo-boo. I know I do, yet I try hard. Heck: I only picked up on 'kauri' two years ago.
Honestly, I barely noticed the errors.
Geology Hub makes every effort, wherever he in in the world. Props to him, I say, for effort!
@@GedMaybury23 I found it funny that the two trickier names were pronounced really well. But the seemingly simpler ones were where the fault ended up.
I'm not from NZ, but I believe the locals pronounce Taupo something like Toe-paw. Perhaps some kiwis can confirm.
At school we were taught that the last eruption from Taupa occurred in AD 30 from various field trips I conducted the ground surface was covered in pumus lapili from that eruption. The area of the trips was around Matamata at least 100 miles from the epicenter
Thanks
How is uplift measured when the caldera is lake-filled? If the ground under the lake is uplifted, the excess water just drains away.
Can you explain the process of dating volcanic events? Is the dating accurate?
Yeah we've got to swarms going at the moment which we get regular updates on, the other spot is Mount Ruapehu which is current doing a little rubble as well.
Joys of living on the Pacific ring of fire.
With its shore the edge of a caldera steep rim, is Lake Taupo at risk of underwater landslides and tsunami waves?
Search the GNS website for info about any NZ volcano. Live cameras too :)
Has any crater lake or caldera lake ever become a mountain again? Just wondering if its even possible for volcanoes to return to pre collapse heights again.
@@yinyangphoenix yes but has something like crater lake or taupo or toba ever filled back in?
yes it's possible and such a full life cylce was even observed for the Bezymianny volcano.
With caldera systems you have the "problem" that there is no prior height these volcanoes can grow back to.
smaller like the mentioned Anak Krakatau are in the process of healing their wound created by caldera forming eruptions.
@@SinnerChrono Taupo and Toba were never cones. Supervolcanos don’t build up cones. Crater Lake does have a cinder cone in the middle of it. That indicates some building. It’s hard to say, though. There is hydrothermal activity beneath the lake but it hasn’t erupted in a long time. If it were as active as Mt. Saint Helens, though, it would probably be capable of rebuilding.
@@yinyangphoenix I remember when I was a teenager there was some discussion about whether Taupo was a conical mountain or a landmass of geothermal area like we see at Rotorua, prior to eruption.
Once an area has a supervolcanic eruption does it mean that area will ALWAYS have supervolcanic events?
@@Noofsmissus What fuels volcanoes (subduction zones like Mt. Saint Helens, hotspots like Hawaii, and magma chambers like Yellowstone and Toba) certainly will continue to fuel them, but change occurs over time. Subduction zones change (the west coast of what is now California was once a subduction zone and there was a mid-ocean rift until the eastern side of the rift was subducted and that stretch was transformed into a strike-slip zone), the crust slides over hotspots and creates new islands (like Hawaii) and the crust slides over super volcanoes so that they seem to gradually migrate (we know that the magma chamber beneath Yellowstone was once located in Oregon, then later beneath southern Idaho and now it’s beneath Wyoming and Yellowstone. The one thing I don’t know is whether those magma chambers eventually stop being fed. I keep hearing that we don’t have to worry about supervolcanos anytime soon, though. SciShow did a video on that.
I hereby proclaim this land atop the supervolcano as the place for our city...
Because ... of cooouurrssseee!
relocate Naples
Can you do a video about the volcano of Yellowstone and give a update on that. That would be cool
Lived in Turangi for 4 years, used to take the kids to a part of the Southern shore where there is warm water.
You guys should read about the late 1880’s basaltic plinian VEI 5 eruption of Tarawera just a bit NE of Taupo. It’s one of the most fascinating and unique explosive eruptions in recent history. It would be on my short list of “time travel bubble” trips eruptions to go back and witness.
I would love to see your take on the Ottawa River valley on the border between Ontario and Quebec, Canada...
Taupo may be still slumbering but what about mount Ruapehu, crater lake on that has reached rather spa like temps recently.
Probably excess gas from the magma lol
Has any big lava chamber NOT collapsed before and is it possible to drill to such depth to see the area? Or even without lava refill, it would still be to hot and inhospitable for camera?
What is the rarest type of Volcano
I'd say Supervolcano. Iirc there's 'only' about 8 or 9 of them in the world, plus a few unknown ones on the oceanfloors.
But there are a lot of unique volcano's. The Rift-volcano's on Iceland: Katla or Laki are particulairly violent and dangerous. The Taal on the Phillipines which is mostly 'hidden away' in its massive calderalake. Campi Flegrei is a small supervolcano under western Naples, who's caldera feeds the Vesuvius as well. Campi' is also terrifyingly dangerous, due to the 3+ Million people living in Naples itself, not to mention the many other places around it.
And last, but certainly not least, on the contrairy, there's Flood-volcano's. But they are só rare to erupt, the last time was ~250M years ago: the Siberian Traps. Flood-volcanism dwarfs Supervolcano's, like comparing a firecracker to the Tzar-bomba...(not exaggerated! Flood-volcanism is even worse then the biggest eruptions on Jupiter's moon Io!)
Its theorized that Mars' Olympus Mons caused a Flood-eruption on the planet, causing it now to be so red-barren and dead... That happened to the Earth as well, after the Siberian Traps 'flooded' all over northern Russia for hundreds and hundreds of square kilometers...
Earth has a monster like the Olympus Mons as well: the Tamu Massif, located 'between Japan and Hawaii". Though its 'only' about a quarter of 'Mons' size, it measures around 350km in diameter and is elevated about 4km from the Pacific's floor/~1.9km under the Pacific's surface. Scientists think the Tamu Massif is extinct, but for a (super- ... maybe Hyper- or Mega-)volcano like that, its impossible to say, as it'd that millions of years for súch a vast monstrosity to build up and come to an eruption.
Can you cover the Volcanos of Lake Van in Turkey? I know the lake was formed by an eruption at the start of human Prehistory and I am curious if there are volcanos that could do this again. Also is Mt. Hassan going active again? I heard there were earthquakes there.
I've only heard of AD and BC.
What is "233 CE".?
CE = AD. It's the same thing.
@@bw-leftturnracing7779 And if you were wondering: CE = Common Era. You will also see BCE: Before the common era. These in use because some don't want the date system to emphasize Christianity.
@@danielcarroll3358 Yeah I know
CE = Common Era, a term used by historians (and they have been using it for some time.) If you've not heard it before then you've not be listening to academics. The term Common Era is used instead of Gregorian calendar terminology, though the two give equivalent dates. Common Era is preferred as it does not assert any particular religious cult.
@@danielcarroll3358 "the date system to emphasize Christianity." - the Gregorian calendar is different , and originated much later, than the Julian calendar so even if you wanted to associate with Christianity you'd have to choose the earlier calendar as it dates from the time of the formation of Christianity. The Gregorian calendar was an attempt at a better calendar (and I suppose it is) but originates over a millennium after Christianity.
Both oceanic and continental crusts move becos of S and P waves which are generated from the earth's core. And we termed these movements as being tectonic.
As the oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust, seismic waves are produced that cause shakes termed as earthquakes.
I asked for you to talk about the Craters of the Moon months ago. This area is gradually spreading as the hot zone moves under it. The best bit though are the geothermal prawns from the place opposite!!
Aww I think the Prawn Park is now closed :( I am so sad I never got to go there. All the kids I taught went there over their summer break or winter break and I would literally get a term worth of writing all about prawns - how to cook them.... Prawn life cycles ... Prawn exoskeletons.... Prawn fantasy stories/love stories/science fiction. It was so cool... But it was shut when I went in 2021 and then I heard it was closed down :(
how accurate are the dates? what are the dating methods?
There are presently over 50 active volcanoes.
This is actually frightening.
That’s a normal level of activity for our planet.
Like @River Amazon mentioned: thats normal. Iirc, there's about 1200+ volcanos on the world('s surface. There's fár more below sealevel). The real point is: nowadays communications, thanks to the Internet, are fár more advanced then ~20-30 years ago. You hear about évery smaller or medium-eruption nowadays.
Can you talk about the division between Indian and Australian plates? Sometimes it's called Indo-Australian plate and sometimes they are separate with a fault in-between.
I had looked into that it seems to be largely dependent on the age of the source material in question.
basically it has long been known that the Indo-Australian plate which formed when the Indian ocean ridge system went extinct some 43 million years ago has been in the process of breaking up under the strain of the formation of the Himalayas and so it was assumed this was an ongoing process. Thanks to several powerful Earthquakes in the region we know know that this initial split actually completed around 3 million years ago. Instead the new break ups we are seeing are further fracturing of the Indian plate.
So, while it’s highly unlikely that Yellowstone or Taupo would produce a VEI-7/8 eruption in the near future, what is the likelihood of smaller scale eruptions occurring at these volcanoes, like < VEI 4
Yeah , more likely a massive Cascades mega Quake !
For a VEI 3-6 eruption at the following supervolcanoes:
Yellowstone: 1 in 60,000
Taupo: 1 in 500
@@PondScummer in Auckland we have approx 30 volcanoes!
Most its eruptions have been VEI-4s at the smallest.
If Taupo ever spits the dummy, we are rooted, bro!
Can you please do a volcano from Japan Called Mount Bandai?
Yo I bing each your videos wile making Mauna Loa my favorite volcano
Is Mount Everest getting taller.
My friend is from there its do pretty
Taupō is pronounced toe-paw. The 'a' and 'u' are combined in a diphthong and rhyme with 'no'. The long 'o' vowel in te reo Māori is pronounced like 'pork' :)
That's the woke pronunciation ,pronounce it the way it is written Taupo !
This summer is so hot... I wouldn't mind a super erruption to cool things off a bit lol
Be careful what you wish for...
I also wouldn't mind global famines either!
Super-Eruption? Erhm, no... A few smaller VEI-7s would do the trick. Look up the Wiki-article on 'The Year without Summer", about Tambora's 1815 eruption.
And if i can point one or two out: Mt Erebus on Antarctica: barely inhabited, so little to no human casualties from such an eruption itself, as for a potential second, i'd say Sheveluch on Kamtsjatka?
The term super volcano is no longer used.
Been Watchin this spot for awhile Now and Concerning when Scientists are saying that there is a now large Volumes of water being Moved about Currently and Yes Two Main Swarms is a bit Scary ..
Hii 😁 i like volcanoes .....i lived in philipines , i found out that they are many volcanoes in philipines 😁👍
What i think tho. In the next max 20 years, it will erupt. It may even erupt in like 5 years. Like, if alot more earthquakes come, it may erupt soon. Am I right or wrong?
Edit: Since i was like. 8-9 maybe 10. I've been loving volcanoes, like 2 months ago, i found your channel, when you upload i watch it. Like volcanoes are cool. But can be dangerous. My favourite volcano before was mount vesuvius, now i dont know. I think its still gonna be vesuv, or i dont know. Maybe yellowstone, maybe mount toba whatever its called. Well see.
interested in Barren Island
2022: I came and saw
Taupo Supervolcano: I got this headache of swarms
La Palma Volcano: You just need to 🌋 by December so I can compare my Christmas decorations with yours
President Putin: I will just mushroom 🍄☁️💥 both of you
Omicron: You 3 got nothing, Soon I will rule the 🌎 and you can't stop me 🦠
Monkeypox: Look at that 🦟 ⬆️ 🦠 biting, The 🐒 make you look invisible after I am done with wiping the slate clean🤣
How many super volcanoes are there?
super volcano is on my pandemic bingo card
Thank you for pronouncing the Maori places names in the COLLOQUIAL manner.
As lways interesting about Taupo lake supervolcano
The correct pronunciation of Taupo sounds like the English words : Toe-pour.
Lake Taupo/Lake Tahoe - I have to pay attention here or I swap the names
The crater shapes like Africa
🌱🌏💚
Hasn't made the news in New Zealand so they can't be too worried.
It has made news sites online, also GNS have been putting out updates on Taupo.
Pronounced, Toe Pour :D
Youre fucking kidding me i am going there this weekend to shoot a vlog for a weightlifter
Taupō is pronounced as Toe-paw 🤙
What a coincidence I heard about this Volcano yesterday in a different video...
That's because of Hawaii and island of:__&_. Ready to be up held back..
Not gonna lie but the way you're pronouncing Taupo is wrong. As a New Zealander it's quite funny on how you are pronouncing it hilariously wrong. Don't you feel bad, there are a few of us who also pronounce it wrong as well. To pronounce Taupo properly it is Toe-paw.
To be fair, half the locals pronounce it wrong too.
Even in supervolcanoes are most eruptions no supereruptions.
it looks like Africa
Christian
Era
no reason to worry, really???
may be they will have more time to evacuate in case of eq swarm, but they seemed to forget 3 crucial points:
1/ water , the caldera is filled with a huge lake...and if lava enter in contact, its goes boom...and its very unpredictable. iuts a subaquatic volcano now with depth of 180meters...rather same depth that tonga submarine volcano before eruption ..you can imagine what happen if the lake vaporize.
2/ lack of experience, modern eyes never witness this system erupting.
3/ great vei past eruption, mean this system tend to have brutal release of pressure instead permanent erupting, the explosivity mean that the warning sign could be lesser in size than the eruption....and yes ground deformation is a good factor for prevention.
Taupo has seen periods of seismic unrest before in record history. In the 50s there was a huge number of earthquakes in a short time before it settled back down. This isn't unusual
You only have to worry if you see an aging volcanologist fall for a women near the volcano who has two kids and a dog. At that point panic!
Dude, it's not Tar-po, it's Toe-po.
Just a video calm down. Fixating on pronouncing words correctly. If you don't like it, Why comment? Sound like a bunch of elementary kids arguing!
You pronounce it Toe Paw.... urgh
Damn it I was just about to try to find a place to go to escape the new world order. Guess New Zealand is off the list
Ardern is a product of the Claus Schwab Global Young Leaders project and a "leading light" of the new world order.
@@antipropo461 My comment was about the reemergence of a supervolcano in the North Island that would pretty much make life unlivable for a large percentage of that island and possibly the South Island if it erupted.
Dam it want it to go off so I don’t have to go work
Please, you would be better to pronounce it as 'Tor-pōr'.
Please make an effort to correctly pronounce Maori names. Next, Ta-ra-where-ra :)
Real wording for these volcanoes is a caldera forming volcano,not super volcano,super volcano is a media hyped thing.
Hmm, afaik Supereruption and Supervolcano are actually scientific terms to describe VEI-8 capable volcano's and eruptions.
@@thegreenreaper6660 a super eruption maybe classed as that but calling a caldera forming volcano a super volcano is a media hyped thing if you look it up properly.
@Charles Richter do some research
Stop the CE crap. Stop trying to not offend Muslim brotherhood.
Update hunga tonga might cause the start of the monkeypox outbreak which is very unknown about how did the monkey and rat got affected anyway. But so anyway that the update anyway.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
I will update my vei rated hunga tonga to an vei 6 - 8 now. Between there will work for me as well. Because of how bad it is as well. We got everything studying but underwater. We need to find out the crater depth and size. And it might by larger the toba (like thanks finger snap the sea crest away by the eruption) so the crater will be huge. So that is understanding will be unknown from underwater until ocean rated scientists to remap hunga tonga underwater surface directly for real yet. So that why the we still don't know how strong it is yet. So I still be update for more be issuing for sure. So stay tuned. And good luck everyone. Bye.
Oh dear....
@@ThatRandomBeast Dang
Hunga-Tonga a VEI 6? I dó doubt that. I read that this immensely lárge explosion, though enormous in size and power, only lasted about 10 minutes... yet in those 10 minutes it fumed up over 400.000 cubic meters of volcanic fallout, which classes it as a VEI-4(only).
The shocking reality is that this 'beast' cáused a VEI-4 in merely 10 minutes. If Hunga-Tonga had 'partied on' for a few days, weeks, or months even, then a VEI 6, 7 or even 8 would indeed have been possible!
Update japan released the model from underwater. The central peak is blown off to thin air. The landslide is a lateral blast. Hunga tonga is now an submarine caldera volcano. Some how hunga tonga just did an caldera formation eruption. The only volcano to do that is my tombera Indonesia. So pow official is made the vei number to a 7 eruption. Because of the underwater models we got from japan anyway.
And they said the volcano is still intact. So it officially not an vei 8 eruption. It is not an vei 6. Because the steep slope of the central peak to browned off the thin air to the caldera formation eruption. So it is now an submarine crater lake now. So that is what is going on here. And that so suprising when I say that anyway. So stay tuned for more updates for hunga tonga eruption. And I will see you soon. And otherwise so long everyone. Bye.
Just wish you would pronounce NZ place names correctly. It is so disrespectful to Maori not to
He does what he can, but never perfect. Can't expect him to get everything right, especially when he covers anything geology related globally.
Also as someone who actually lives in NZ, half the people here get these names wrong anyway lmao
All I am hearing is ongoing justification for continuing the colonial past
@@Natoyarose ?? LOL. So you're one of those people huh? FYI he mispronounced names from loads of other countries as well.
Seriously though what is this logic? Mispronounce name = colonialism LMAO
@@PondScummer I lived in NZ nearly my entire life and met many Maori. Literally none of them got offended to the point of calling it "justification for colonialism" (whatever that means) for mispronouncing names. It is asinine to compare innocent mistakes like this to colonialism.
sounds like a fine real estate investment opportunity