Why Do Pages of Books and Newspapers Turn Yellow Over Time?
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- Опубліковано 4 жов 2024
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In this video:
When I was a kid, my parents had a collection of historic old, yellowed newspapers. For example, I distinctly remember an old Washington Post newspaper sitting on a bookshelf from July 21, 1969 with the headline “The Eagle Has Landed - Two Men Walk on the Moon.” Or a fading, brownish-yellow one from August 8, 1974 with the big headline, “Nixon Resigns.” These newspapers are fascinating artifacts documenting history, from remarkable moments to the relatively mundane. Unfortunately, they were also hard to read due to the yellowed, brown color and fading print. So why do old newspapers - and books - turn yellow? And is there any way to prevent this from happening?
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Sources:
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www.conservatre...
books.google.c...
en.wikipedia.or...
siarchives.si.e...
www.library.ill...
www.ipst.gatech...
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Growing up in a household where both my Grandfather & Father were draftsmen, I seem to remember Mom soaking the scraps of the linen, somehow turning it into usable fabric again. At this point in time there's no one left to confirm or deny this memory.
You might recall using acid-free paper sketch-books in art-class to avoid yellowing (which of course was more expensive ¬_¬).
Need to protect the future investment of some art critic who decides you're a talent artist after your death.
Nah, I was cheap. A simple lined notebook was a perfectly adequate sketch pad. Wasn't like anything I was sketching was fine art. In fact I have a full yellow legal pad of sketches. Intentionally yellow by design not because of age. Young artists just got to art, you don't need to best materials to build skills. Honestly as I recall when ever I had high quality materials I was actually less creative than I was with a simple pencil and notebook paper.
@@koloth5139 My art skill was never the kind you would want to preserve for the ages.
@@markuswolf7884 Most budding artists work isn't. It is a process of building skills. Some continue many don't. But any skill you have developed started out rough we rarely look back on our early work in any field and think it was good.
@@ikmnification5737 if only the ones who decide that can actually judge art value instead of 'name' value
Plus that old book smell... I'm in heaven
Andrew W and the new book smell 🤤
MEP engineer here. Can confirm digital prints are great. PDF them from Revit or AutoCAD and contractors can print them at will (including 8.5x11 selections), display them on large screens in the job trailer, and best of all, can't alter them without leaving a digital fingerprint.
Bonus Facts:
The first printing press was actually Chinese, which evolved from wood block printing (earliest credited I could find was 206 BCE, with more stability in printing around 593 CE. Movable type, equally came from China, not from Gutenberg, which is often repeated, but wrong.
The first movable type made out of metal is credited to Korea, which also predates Gutenberg.
So, then many people ask: What did Gutenberg invent that was unique to the world if not the printing press or movable type?
That is adjustable brackets. The trade paperback, the hard back, the pulp novel, and the paperback would not have been possible without adjustable brackets. Adjustable brackets allowed people to print at different sizes. Because of the printing prior to gutenberg, the adoption of his type of press was late to Korea and China.
Paper, as in the early types pre-China, are credited mostly to Egypt (Papyrus, also credited to where we get the word for paper), but what China did was to invent paper that put in a small amount of cotton or other fibers which made the paper more viable by making it more stable than earlier versions which tended to fall apart quickly. Most of the early Chinese paper was made out of mulberry plus cotton fibers. (My research states they did this by 200 CE, which is also around the first paper lanterns were flown) In lieu of paper, Chinese used Bamboo slats tied together.
Chinese also were the first to make paper airplanes, which usually boggles most people's minds to find out, but makes sense considering paper folding for ornaments probably was also first invented in China, though became more of a specific art form in Japan.
Paper was used to seal rooms, etc in much of East Asia, for windows and doors, but one should also keep in mind many medieval castles of the same period often used animal skins, etc which caused draft problems which is why you needed those heavy tapestries. Though glass tech came to China, Korea, etc, via the silk road (glass blowing, BTW, comes from West Asia and the refining of glass blowing is mostly credited to the Islamic Empire), the adoption of glass for windows was really late. Though, today, many Koreans and Chinese still opt to use tinted or frosted glass for windows to recreate the older feel of paper windows without the draft. But they did use it to make glasses, etc.
Also notable, Edison is often said to have invented the light bulb, but he never did. What he did was make it marketable and collect several invention patents for his workshop. The first marketable light bulb was due to Louis Latimer's discovery of bamboo used as filament, because prior to Louis Latimer, light bulbs worldwide would burn out in seconds.
Gutenburg, Edison, Ford, the Wright brothers. None of them "invented" the things they are known for. I enclosed the word in quotation because most people, even technical people, have a very naive concept of what invention is. What all these people did is much more important than the popular concept of "invention". But since "invention" seems to strike people as important, I say what they did qualifies as inventing the things they are known for.
North Carolina girl here...I just wanted to say I love your pronunciation of “Raleigh!” I don’t think you can get further away from our southern drawl...replayed it like 10 times!!!
That place is dangerous, depending on how it's pronounced it can actually be close to R'lyeh! And that means someone might wake up Cthulhu there one day to doom the world we're living on. Lovecraft claimed it was somewhere in the Ocean, but who knows maybe some cultists moved the city somehow since then.
It's not at all unusual for him to mispronounce words, but, c'mon! It's “Raleigh”… as in “Sir Walter Raleigh”, the city's namesake!!! How did he mess *THIS* one up!? Simon, you constantly frustrate/amaze me.
(P.S. I'm a native North Carolinian, and lived in Raleigh for 20 years.)
So I’m wondering.....Everybody here in NC knows about Sir Walter Raleigh, but I wonder if people on the other side of the pond know about him....They have a lot more history to learn, and is anything in the UK named after him? Just curious
@@slippyvillage Is it really wrong though? There's so many regional accents/dialects floating about still in the British Isles to this day, when running into words you're not speaking regularly it can be normal to default to that pronuciation habit.
There are some quite peculiar words in British English that come to mind (look up boatswain, lieutenant and Derby for example). It could be one of those cases that what he said at 3:06 is the norm over there? I'm pretty sure I've heard a similar pronunciation to what he used there not that long ago from a Canadian.
I would potentially consider it wrong if he for example lived there or near it and the pronunciation difference is enough to be confusing.
The Wikipedia article about him has this without a source reference in the footnotes:
Many alternative spellings of his surname exist, including Rawley, Ralegh, Ralagh, and Rawleigh. "Raleigh" appears most commonly today, though he used that spelling only once, as far as is known. His most consistent preference was for "Ralegh". His full name is /ˈwɔːltər ˈrɔːli/, though in practice /ˈræli/, RAL-ee, or even /ˈrɑːli/ RAH-lee are the usual modern pronunciations in England.
@@extrastuff9463 I definitely see your point, however when I weigh a) the number of times hearing Raleigh pronounced both as the city as well as British pronunciations of the historical figure vs b) the sheer volume of cringe-worthy mispronunciations Simon makes on a way too regular basis, I go with “b”. (from a undoubtedly devoted viewer and fan of Simon's channels, i.e. me.) 😁
Bonus bonus fact: blueprints are a legal contract, and a physical copy must be on the site until completion
...In the GC's office trailer. Most trades keep their copies in their trucks.
In 1963 I was a newspaper carrier boy. I delivered on November 23rd the newspaper with the front page written in 2 inch letters: KENNEDY IS SLAIN. It never occurred to me to save a copy for historical purposes. It would probably be yellow by now but worth a good sum.
I keep an old chemistry book. Most of the theories in it are horribly wrong, but it´s interesting to see how they did things when most analytical methods were not yet developed.
Moreover, it has a funny detail: its first owner was a certain Ulrich Himmler. His name is written in Korrentschrift, which most cannot read any more and they´ll read Heinrich Himmler instead... (though that bastard was already dead by the time the book came out)
Bonus fact: Onion skin paper isn't made from onions but does have a high content of cotton fiber.
Simon,
Not sure about the proper English pronunciation of Raleigh (named for Sir Walter), but we here in North Carolina pronounce it as "Rah-lee."
Versailles is “ver-sales” in Kentucky and Calais is “cal-less” in Maine. We Americans aren’t stellar are preserving pronunciations.
In 1972 my family visited Cripple Creek, Colorado. It was then a mostly-abandoned ghost town. The old downtown stores had newspapers covering the windows (from the inside). And at the time I was in my early teens and didn't realize how amazing it was that these late 1800's newspapers were intact! They were yellowed, but not drastically so, and were quite readable.. I'wonder if those newspapers were made of hemp or some other more durable material........
Damn, good question. I've always wondered that too, why the paper turns yellow after a while. Thank you for answering this question for us. I was genuinely curious as to why the paper on some documents and other things turn yellow or a kind of cream color, so again, thank you for answering this question for us.
I can't believe it has taken me until now to realise the neon light is your initials
metubeutube Well you're not the only one. Thanks for pointing that out. I thought wall street I guess
I had to screen shot the neon and study it for a while
I um...found out 8 hours after you. >.>
I hadn't paid any attention to what the sign said at all. ∆facepalm.
I just watched a bit of the video again to look at the sign because I’d never noticed it was there at all.
Bonus Fact: Prussian blue, also known as potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate, is used as a medication to treat thallium poisoning or radioactive cesium poisoning, I only know this because I just wanted an episode of NCIS (it was in Season 4) that talked about it
The quality of paper in books and magazines tell tales of the economy of the time it was used. I have a few books of about the 1860's and they look better than others from the 1920's and 1950's. In the years following large wars the paper quality drops.
And if you love your books, look out for silver fish and other paper eating bugs.
Could be that there was more hemp in the older books.
I’m just getting into antiquarian books & like you I’m much preferring that gorgeous crinkly feel that paper had in the 17th & 18th centuries. Love love the smell of new books & especially magazines. Just what IS that great smell....?? Guess I’m a bit weird..
Viewer: why paper yellow?
Simon: Well the long and storied history of paper begins with......
This channel is fantastic.
Bonus "Bonus Fact", you correctly showed many images of blueprints. Before distribution by PDF became the norm, there was a period where plans were "bluelines". These were the inverse. You would stack the master print onto the coated paper into a machine that turned the two sheets over a UV bulb to expose the print then through a chamber of ammonia fumes to cure it.
These were more readable then their inverted cousins.
I was just about to say this. I work in the drafting department of an engineering company. We still used our blueline machine up until around the year 2010! (Mostly for government jobs)
I thought the concept was really fascinating, but that ammonia would get to you pretty quickly sometimes. I passed out while making copies once on a large job. Haha!
I will never read a book on a device....Half the pleasure for me of reading is the feel of the crinkly pages of really old books & the smell the pages in a new book ..Mmmm!!
In a job I had before I went to university, I worked in a drawing office. They used a kind of plastic sheet for design drawings, which were then fed into a large machine which did indeed produce actual very stinky blueprints. This was in the 1980s
this process keeps me in business. i build and service cranes in paper mills all over the US. cool to learn
Today I found out, is such a perfect channel name because I'm always learning something new from watching your videos, so thank you for that. I love watching your videos because I always leave satisfied that I learned something new today, thank you. I appreciate the information that you put out there and just genuinely love your content.
Similar story with the vernacular CC (Carbon Copy) which was exactly that back in the days of the old typewriter. It was a physical carbon sheaf stuck between 2 sheets of paper to create a duplicate of the type.
Still use this in E-mails which is kind of funny...
Groucho Marx: "You know what a blueprint is?"
Chico Marx: "Yeah, it's an oyster."
Our town has a paper mill & it stinks so bad! We’ve been lucky enough to always live outside the downtown area, a few miles away you don’t smell it unless it’s really wet outside &/or windy
Five hundred year old paper: yellow.
Last year's Apple product: dead.
My parent's wooden window: had to be replaced due to massive rot after 10 years.
Waddle and Daub/Timber frame house, poorly maintained: wood withstood the elements for 500 years...
My university: concrete cracked and the building has to be torn down after 50 years.
Roman concrete: stands for 2000 years.
The GameBoy I had as a child: still works
My old laptop: breaks after 2 years.
Modern lightbulbs: burn out after a year
The first lightbulb: burns to this day
I think I see a pattern...
@@edi9892 Yeah we work to perfect something then we sell the knockoff versions.
@@edi9892 The lightbulb and roman concrete situation is kinda by design though in many ways.
Romans built their buildings very differently, nowhere near as tall and much thicker walls. The concrete also lacked reinforcing material such as rebar which significantly enhances its tensile strength. With thicker walls I'm guessing there'd be less extreme temperature changes due to thick wall inertia so less expansion and contraction leading to faults, the expansion coefficient of iron is pretty close to concrete so it's well matched in that regard but I don't know if a small difference and many cycles does or doesn't lead to damage there.
What is a known problem though is that moisture can make it into reinforced concrete and as the iron oxidises things will get bad pretty quickly while normal pure concrete will care much less about that problem. Romans did have a different chemical composition as well however, they used volcanic ash as a component which we normally don't do. Some people have started experimenting with using coal ash if I'm not mistaken, but I honestly have no idea what the short and long term effects are.
As for the lightbulb? Well if one runs them at a lower than design voltage they can last a long time. Filaments designed for 12-30V or so it's pretty easy to make them durable, the filament is a lot thicker. This is also why most 230V incandescent bulbs are expected to last not as long as 120V ones, another sideeffect of that is because the filaments are so thin they typically need to be a bit colder as well resulting in less lumen per Watt (~13 lm/W for 230V, ~17 lm/W for 120V, ~19.5 lm/W for 24V if I'm not mistaken).
So to make one last very long you could very easily get a low voltage rated bulb, run it below design specification voltage and keep it on at all times to avoid the on/off thermal cycles. Does it make sense practical sense? Not really it'd result in poor light production and a lot of energy waste. I also wonder about most LEDs replacements we get nowadays, in most failure scenarios the majority of the LEDs in the product will still be just fine however either the driver or one of the LEDs in series died. The drivers that convert 230V AC to the right DC output for the LEDs tend to get pretty toasty in small compact replacements for incandescent bulbs.
@@extrastuff9463 the light bulb is the prime example of planned obsolescence. The Roman concrete is more costly to make and doesn't work for our designs, but is meant to last.
Regarding my university, it's definitely rust in concrete that caused the cracks.
@@edi9892 Good old moisture ruining concrete as usual then. Once it corrodes the thermal expansion coefficient changes and it makes the material expand too. Concrete doesn't like that at all!
As for the lightbulbs, to me it feels a lot of that is due to being stuck with form factors of previous generations. A well designed LED driver + LED module can easily last very long while being efficient. If the freedom for new (user swappable) designs was there manufacturers that care could actually make it larger so it could get rid of its heat and ideally make the driver module replacable. But changing from standard fittings we have now to a new not yet existing standard isn't going to happen anytime soon.
Moving away from incandescent lightbulbs is a good thing in my opinion but has a few issues. Driver longevity and some manufacturers making less than ideal drivers that actually cause visible flicker.
Raw-lee, North Carolina 🧐
Question I've Wondered Since Third Grade (half a decade ago): How do computers know what code is supposed to do? We know that code is what tells a computer what to do, but how does the computer know what it means? We know that "hello" is a greeting, but how would a computer know that:
How Are Poptarts Made?
Poptart City
Poptarts are delicious treats.
means to have a page using HTML as code with the title "How Are Poptarts Made?" and have a heading that reads "Poptart City" with text saying "Poptarts a delicious treats."
???
I really like these videos in particular, your delivery.
Having an aire of authority really enables you to take in the information and extend your general knowledge.
Sometimes I get a warm feeling that I knew that bit already...(Not as often as I would like though LOL)
The pink paper of the Financial Times used to be really cheap compared to normal newsprint. Now it’s really expensive, comparatively, but they can’t change it because it’s 'the brand'.
I googled this. It looks 😎
Its Iron Oxide particles which causes the yellowing brown colour. In addition, the clothes and shoes on shop display windows, tend to discolour more, due the water molecules, combined with UV light makes H202 (Hydrogen Peroxide). Hope that helps!
Never thought to wonder why boxes were brown.
I think learning about Prussian Blue was the highlight of the video
Now I know why my parents used newspapers to beat me. Thanks lignin!
Yellow Paper actually has a lovely smell.
The sent of an old book is intoxicating
TIL, asking "what's lignin" gets a way more comprehensive answer than asking any similar questions on UA-cam.
Before I watch I'm going to guess oxidation. I'm basing this on the fact that preserving paper documents in museums usually requires a sealed container and very controlled conditions. Let's see if I'm right! ;)
I assume it's lignin in paper combined with light and oxidation, we will see if this is correct.
My question is why the old book smell is so pleasant to so many of us.
We had a blueprint machine in high school, and used it in an architectural drawing class. We also, however, had very easy to use architectural software that was *way* more fun to play with and produced better results.
How long have you been wanting to say the line "beaten to a pulp"? Certainly made my morning...
I think hemp paper is considered to be more resistant to discoloration than paper from trees.
Hemp paper and linen paper are very similar.
Wasn’t Ancient Egyptian papyrus the first paper? Or is that technically not paper?
Technically not a paper.
It might as well be paper. Sounds like what we refer to as common paper wasn't invented until 19th century.
Wood-based paper was a rather late invention.
Cotton-based paper has been around for much longer.
The difference between paper and papyrus is that papyrus uses the actual plant surface to write on. You stretch it out so it becomes flat and then write on it. (Basically.) Paper is made from plant fibers; you dissolve the plant material into a pulp and then form sheets out of that pulp.
Love this one too! Thought I knew but didn't. Now I do and am better for it.
I recall a quick-and-dirty way to make newsprint/newspapers last longer was to bathe them in a salt water bath, then dry them thoroughly. If dome while the newspaper is "new," it won't end up as yellow as contemporary newsprint/newspapers.
The salt probably acts like zinc on steel by being a sacrificial material to oxidization to save the base material.
I taped a piece of paper to my window to block the light. After 15 years it's nearly black and looks and feels like it's burnt. My guess is ...that it's slowly baked. Lol
Huh
**that's not how you get **_baked_** **
its dirty
in 15 years you cant get a curtain
@@voidremoved I do have a curtain. The paper was to block the light better. And that's why it was so easy to forget about it.
Can you please explain the intoxicating odor of aged books?
Usually because over time it becomes more and more likely that someone peed on them
Josh Thomas I have realized that paper retains smell, and that’s why I pee on my books once every week
@@jasong.5632 Pretty standard practice, strange they had to make a video about it.
What kind of books are you reading?
I cannot deny this.
We actually found the blueprints to my home town in the attic. Kinda cool. (Its a small town)
Zman Jace did you find any secret rooms yet?
@@nadurokorte9917 in my town? Not that I'd tell you! The secret gold bunker is mine!.... I've said too much...
Zman Jace does it happen to have a Nazi stamp on it by any means?
@@nadurokorte9917 is theirs the ones with the turtle? If so... no.
Zman Jace then you should happily keep it and move one if it has a turtle on it
That blue print trick is similar to the the test for ferric iron in tissue.
my education continues! thank you, Simon!
I had a dream last night that the latest TIFO video was narrated by Amy Adams instead of Simon. But the best part was that Simon was sitting next to her the whole time, constantly interrupting and saying how much better a job he could do. I dont remember what I was supposed to learn, but I know it had something to do with Charles Darwin, pigs, and 3d printing.
Moral of the story: Simon, don't collab with famous actors or actresses because you do just fine on your own.
Second moral of the story, stop eating pineapple and herring pizza just before bedtime!
*Lignin* : Naturally promotes the production of stiffer and longer wood (in most trees).
When using lignin, if its effects last longer than ten-thousand years, please consult your primary care provider or local botanist immediately.
Yellow journalism?
P Christmas ha
Thank you, every part of this was fascinating.
Question: Why do elevators often include mirrors?
I haven't researched this or anything but I'd think it's to lessen feelings of claustrophobia, mirrors will trick your brain into thinking it's in a bigger space. also it gives you something to look at other than gray steel walls and gives you a chance to check if there's something in your teeth or whatever
@@loralea3142 Plus, in the early days it did help in keeping the room bright. After all it´s a small room, which can be very crowded, which means that many things block the light from above. thus reflecting surfaces help a lot to even dim lightbulbs...
Moreover, mirrors used to be fancy, just like elevators and electric light...
Kills the boredom
Cardboard material will change color in sunlight in minutes. Place something on cardboard in the sun. Remove the item in about 5-10 minutes and you'll see a shadow of the item in the cardboard.
I knew the talk about lignin was gonna be important because of the close up camera transition to Simon. 2:56.
This is exactly what I needed at this moment
This channel is everystoners 3 am thoughts. I love it
I have a Chevrolet parts manual from 1933 which was printed with low quality, cheap paper which is thicker than but similar to newsprint paper pages. The cover is also a thicker brown paper. The edges of some of the pages look absolutely charred but I don't believe this is from high heat but a slow oxidation. In fact the outer edges of the charred pages were so oxidized they fell off as ash. I have always attributed this to slow oxidation rather than fast oxidation, AKA burning.
A shout out to Mimeograph would be s bonus fact
The word you were looking for is "discoloration" ;)
We in the construction industry in America call them “plans” or “building plans” as a general term.
Of course you do, everything is dumbed down for Americans, if it's hard to spell or hard to remember, just change it and say you're right and the rest of the world is wrong, it's the American way!
@@Dave-Rough-Diamond-Dunn Huh? Sorry I didn't understand your complex sentence and all those words.
@@bryangoodwin6579 Fair enuf, it was probably the U in corse that thru yu of. ;)
Joking aside, great answer! :)
Pretty cool stuff,
Let’s go build a building 👍🤔
Got an idea. I’m southern. Southern but not to be confused with country or hillbilly lol. People always say when it rains and the sun is shining at the same time that the ‘devil is beating his wife’. Why on earth do they say that and when did it originate? Thank you! Love the channel!
will paper turn yellow in vacuum as it ages?
Without oxygen to oxidize, no. Doesn't mean it can't break down in other ways if exposed to harsh light tho.
I love how you say Raleigh lol
Blue print bit. Most interesting part of this video.
Logo for the new channel is looking proper!
Thank for upload video thumb up my dear friend good job
I was a draughtsman for many years coated linen when boiled made very good white linen
What's up with deja Vu? Did you know that the Marianas trench's volcano spews volcanic mud?
*The Sun Magazine"* "Hey old-timer, did you hear they just discovered a hostile colony of ancient Klingons around Uranus?"
*Ye Olde Merchant Gazette:* "Mark my words son, one day somebody's gonna beat you to a pulp and make a *real* paper out of you."
Just removing stuff my daughter grew out of, I realized a lot of white plastic yellows severely from sunlight, even when far inside the room, and with the window to the north. Not all plastic, though.
Real Blueprints also had a distinct smell of ammonia.
What about hemp paper?
If you can get to, say, an academic library with large holdings of old journals, go and look at the old periodicals from the 1920's or so. They look fine. Then figure out when marijuana was made illegal and look at those from after that. The paper is disintegrating because they stopped making it with hemp. This is extremely noticeable and quite a headache for librarians.
8 16 19 Hey byron p, How very interesting. Maybe, with hemp & marijuana becoming legal again, it'll be used & give trees a rest, maybe. Be well. v
We certainly should. Hemp is extremely versatile. not only paper, but you can make clothes with it. Many of the Founding Fathers grew hemp as a cash crop and it was probably mostly used to make rope. You need a LOT of rope back what with ships needing a whole lot of it. Not to mention that hemp grows like, well, a weed :)
Bonus fact: Malaclypse the Younger advised to never consume acid free paper
Great video! I've always wondered this!
Blue-prints are blue only in USA. Basically everyone else uses usual white paper and black drawings. Honestly, as if it was not enough of Imperial measurements units!
Yet another question I didn't know I had.
I am glad that paper turns yellow over time rather than black because it would be hard to read. I do not mind reading a yellow because it's my favorite color.
This warms my drafting heart!
This is amazing. Thank you.
It seems to me that if you're going to display a document in a sealed container... removing the oxygen (replacing it with an inert gas such as argon) would be a good idea since part of the problem is oxidation
Heh. As I'm watching this I'm sleeving some game cards to protect them.
Why wouldn't paintings on "canvas" or whatever material older than the first recorded use of paper, be considered the first "paper"? Is it just because it wasn't used for writing?
Canvas is a woven fabric. Paper is random fibers mashed together like felt.
Why is that kind of sandwich called a sloppy joe? Who is Joe?
Sloppy Joe was originally used to describe cheap fast food style restaurants in the USA in the early 20th century. Presumably these served the aforementioned loose meat sandwich.
@@petergray2712 Is there a guy named 'Joe' involved though?
@@fireflocs Do you remember the old "Eat at Joes" signs in old cartoons? I think Joe was basically the generic catchall for American lunch counters of the time. There wasn't one specific Joe.
Probably the same reason my nes turned yellow.
Turns out it was made out of paper.
Old ABS plastic that yellows is due to the butadiene component reacting with oxygen in the air. Heat and particularly UV radiation can accelerate the process.
If you want to bleach the NES case, try retrobrite
ua-cam.com/video/qZYbchvSUDY/v-deo.html
its pronounced RAHLee Simon! love ya
We had a blueprint machine in high school.
Awesome info!
Want to die? Take a shot every time he says “paper”
Simon, only you can make such a simple answer last 7 minutes 53 seconds and not be annoying
I found the blue print part more interesting!
I love all these videos
Hemp paper is waaaaay better than wood pulp paper, we should switch to that
I'm disappointed that he didn't mention that
Nathan Webb and hemp is great for strong ropes
We call them engineering drawings or plans, but if you say blueprint, people will know what you mean.
It makes me cringe when I see historic writings and books be handled with bare hands and not with gloves on. I don't understand how museums that are protecting these works allow that to happen. I saw this happen with the writings of King Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn. It was nice to see these works not old and brown with age but touching them might do damage.
If it makes you feel any better, I recently watched a video where a man was handling historical documents with his bare hands. He explained that the pages were far too fragile for him to wear gloves because he needed to be able to fully feel the paper in order to minimize damage. But he kept his fingers on the edges so that any damage that did occur was not in the most important part of the document.
@@DualKeys Wow, that's weird. I didn't know gloves can damage the pages of historical documents. In the video I saw they were actually swiping their finger along the pages. These historical works are precious, they should be more careful handling them.
Love the content as always!
Now I have a question! Why do many babies open their eyes at birth/shortly after birth nowadays? As I understand it, it used to take babies a lot longer to open their eyes.
Without a single lick of knowledge or research, I would say it has to do with better maternal nutrition and health care.
@@MonkeyJedi99 You're probably right!