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Nightingale philomele
Luscinia megarhynchos - Common Nightingale
Identification: The philomele nightingale is a fairly corpulent passerine, larger than the redhead it looks like. It is a discreet bird and, if there was no sound song in the spring, it would gladly go unnoticed. Discreet, it is also by the plumage, of a warm red-brown on it. The most red parts are the cap, the wings, the croup, the sus-caudales and the tail, the latter evoking that of a redtail. A gray tint is common on the neck and sides of the head. The large dark eye is surrounded by a clearly visible cream-white eye circle. The beak is two-tone, brown above and 2/3 pink below. The lower parts are whitish, with a reddish brown headband quite marked on the chest and sides of the same shade. The sub-caudales are reddish cream. The legs, robust, are brownish to pinkish.
Like all young musks, the young nightingale has a mottled plumage. The specks are reddish cream at home and make it easy to distinguish it from the adult. 3 subspecies are described. The most red is the western type subspecies megarhynchos found in Europe. The eastern subspecies golzi has a less warm, grayer plumage.
Voice - singing and cries: The nightingale is famous for its singing, one of the most beautiful in the regional repertoire, and it is not stingy. He sings day and night, from his arrival in the 2nd decade of April and until June, but singing becomes rarer as soon as there are mouths to feed in the nest. The singing is sonorous and varied. Its power evokes that of a throud song. It is non-transcriptible and the best way to get an idea of it is to listen to it online on the "xeno-canto" website. It can only be confused with that of its oriental cousin, the progned Rossignol. He has two main shouts. The alarm cry is a "hiit" or "eight" pressed that evokes that of the more powerful white-fronted Redtail. This cry is often accompanied by low "tac". The other cry, emitted on the nesting territory, is like a dry rattle sound of low tone, unmistakable.
Behavior - character traits: The Philomele Nightingale is a bush drag. He spends his time on the ground in the dense thickets where he knows how to hide.
Adult philomele nightingale. Its song makes it possible to identify territorial males with some ease. Indeed, a singing male stands high enough in a shrub, but never at the top, and can stay in the same place for a long time singing. With a little insight, we can find it and observe it at leisure. We will then note the erect attitude, the throat swollen by the song and the tail drooping. On the other hand, when it is active on the ground, it straightens the tail at 90° and can be reminiscent of a large troglodyte. It is a large migratory that will spend the boreal winter south of the Sahara. Its long wings testify to this. The first migrants, usually males, are back at the beginning of April and immediately show the resumption of possession of the territory by singing. The nightingale is one of the few passons at home to sing regularly at night. It is to be wondered when the males can rest because they are also very vocal during the day.
The departure in post-nuptial migration is done very discreetly at the end of summer. Only the sound "eight" they push during the stops indicate that they are passing through.
Flight: The nightingale has a low and direct flight, typical of a muscicapid, but there are few opportunities to see it fly because of the very closed and dense habitat it occupies. In addition, it is a nocturnal migratory and its long-distance movements completely escape observation.
Food - fashion and diet: The philomele nightingale feeds mainly on invertebrates, especially insects such as beetles and ants, captured on the ground. He also consumes berries at the end of the season when they are ripe, and some seeds.
Reproduction - nesting: The Philomele Nightingale can raise two litters in the season, the first in April-May, the second in late May and in June.
The female can incubate the second clutch while the male finishes taking care of the young of the first litter.
The nest is built low in the vegetation, most often less than 50 cm high, at the foot of a dense bush, in a herbaceous tuft, well hidden. It is made of herbs and leaves assembled quite loosely. Only the internal cut, work of the female, is quite neat.
The latter lays 4 or 5 olive eggs dyed reddish at the large end and as if glossy. Incubation lasts 13 days and the young have their complete plumage after 11 days but they only become independent at the age of about one month.
Distribution: The philomele nightingale is a Eurasian species. The philomele nightingale is a common species, not threatened for the moment.
Source: Oiseaux.net