The Evolution Of Stealth Technology
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- Опубліковано 22 лют 2019
- On January 17, 1991, at 2:30AM, the opening attack of Operation Desert Storm was set in motion. Tasked with crippling Iraq’s command and control, shipborne Tomahawk and B-52 launched AGM-86 cruise missiles were employed to infiltrate targets within Bagdad.
Alongside this initial inrush of deep striking assets, was a new class of weapon. This attack was the first public debut of a stealth aircraft facing off against one of the largest air defense networks in the region.
The iconic Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, the first stealth strike platform, were among the first sorties to enter the heavily defended airspace of Baghdad.
In order to understand how stealth technology emerged, we need to quantify what stealth is. Stealth isn’t one specific technology, but rather a mantra of design that incorporates low observability.
Of all the potential threats faced by combat aircraft, detection and tracking by radar pose the most risk. Radar, infrared, and optical detection all rely on the bouncing of electromagnetic radiation of an object in order to gather information from it.
However, radar differs in that the source of the reflected radiation is actively emitted from the observer. With passive methods of detection, the target’s own emissions or ambient light are used.
While detecting an aircraft provides a warning, in order to defend against it, it must be tracked. Tracking is the determining of a target position, velocity, and heading from a reflected signal.
While some defense weapons can track optically, infrared tracking is the predominant method for close range air defense due to its ability to see the heat of an aircraft through the atmosphere. Infrared tracking works by using an infrared sensor similar to a camera to "look" for the highly contrasting signature of hot jet exhaust gases and the warm aircraft body, against the ambient air temperature.
The first military use of radar began around the start of world war 2. One of the more notable uses was in the air defense of England. By 1939 a chain of radar stations protected the East and South coast provided early warning to incoming aircraft.
Fast forward to today and most military airborne radars, including those found in radar-based anti-air missiles, operate in the 5 cm - 1 cm wavelength microwave range as it provides a good compromise between range, resolution and antenna sizing.
The goal of radar stealth is to both mask an aircraft from being detected, tracked and fired upon from a distance. This is known as beyond visual range engagement. As distances close, radar-based engagements may transition into IR based targeting either low to the ground, or among adversarial aircraft within a dogfight.
Early attempts at stealth were based on observations of radar on existing designs. It was discovered early on that the shape of an aircraft determined its visibility to radar, its radar cross-section or RCS.
Soviet mathematician and physicist Pyotr Ufimtsev published a paper titled Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction in the journal of the Moscow Institute for Radio Engineering. Ufimtsev’s conclusion was that the strength of the radar return from an object is related to its edge configuration, not its size.
Astoundingly, the Soviet administration considered his work to have no significant military or economic value, allowing to be published internationally.
During that time period, Lockheed’s elite Skunk Works design team was working on a stealth proof-of-concept demonstrator called Have Blue. The engineering team struggled with predicting stealthiness as the program they created to analyze radar cross-section called ECHO-1 failed to produce accurate results. Denys Overholser, a stealth engineer on the project had read Ufimtsev’s paper, realizing that he had created the mathematical theory and tools to do a finite analysis of radar reflection.
Ufimtsev's work was incorporated into ECHO-1. The iconic early stealth looks was a direct byproduct of the computational limit of computers of the time, which limited ECHO-1’s ability to perform calculations on curved surfaces.
Northrop began working on a technical demonstrator of its own, know as Tacit Blue. Tacit Blue attempted to demonstrate a series of then advanced technologies including forms of stealth that employed curved surfaces. During the late 1970s, momentum was building for the development of a deep penetrating stealth bomber. By 1979, the highly secretive Advanced Tactical Bomber program was started, under the code name "Aurora".
With the success and dominance of the US stealth programs, the technology has worked its way into other applications such as the canceled Comanche RAH-66 reconnaissance helicopter, the Sea Shadow, the USS Zumwalt.
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Fun fact about the F117: During testing (the picture of the aircraft on the pole in the desert), the model was so stealthy that the radar operator couldn't see it on his screen until a bird landed on it, and then he could only see the bird. The F117 was so stealthy that it had a lower RCS than the pole it was mounted to and the engineers had to also make a stealth pole to put the model on.
and the F-22 has an RCS 1,000 times smaller (about the size of a bee!)
that being said, a bee moving at 'mach 1.something' is going to be noticeable
@Russian Part-Time Shill everyone knows that the F117 was shut down due to poor and predictable planning. Point a missile and a radar to where you know where it is and if it is LOW and CLOSE enough you will get a quality lock. It's stealth was still undefeated and . It works. It works so well that Russians and China are trying to catch up.
@@andyman8630 that is the reason why stealth and detection are in a cat and mouse race
They didn't make a stealth pole, they put a 177 caliber bb on the nose of the 117. It's design was called project Have Blue.
And still at least 2 got hit in Serbia and one was downed - it’s low RCS but not in low frequency and not invisible
Conclusion: F117 and F35 are the same plane rendered by SNES and PS4
Phong shaded without textures and 1.5x more polygons. Pillow effect.
You, sir, win the internetz...
Yup, pretty much.
@@Gubers Nope.
And each costing several millions dollars less. xD
great video: best part was when this video wasn't sponsored by skillshare
We've come to hate advertisements (which I find a good thing)
Or by NordSpyingVPN lol
Ads on UA-cam are just getting so fucking intrusive and obnoxious.
Ads at the beginning of the video
Ads stoping the video
Ads in the video
Ads at the end of the video
Ads in the comments.
This shit is ridiculous, it's like UA-cam has been infected by bacterial like advertisements.
And do you know what kills 99.9% of bacteria?
Lysol! Now available in lemon scent.
@@thenomad6924 I disagree with some of your points, but loooool that last line had me in stitches 🤣
@@maxk4324 Lololol, I do what I can, man! I have Ad block, so I don't actually see any ads, and I truly don't mind my content creators having sponsored videos. It's their job, I want them to make money. The comment was just for the jokes lol. Glad I could make you laugh!
I stumbled upon your channel, and. I gotta say, I really appreciate your efforts into making these. They are top quality, factually correct, and quick to the point. A rare combo indeed! Keep up the great work!
A shame that such an extremely interesting subject and video has so few views! Keep up the hard work, you've won another subscriber!
Thanks for the motivating words! The channel is only 3 months old but I’m enjoying the process of slowly finding my audience.
Yeah, I agree. Hopefully more people will find the way here.
Viewership of such interesting and educational videos has a direct relation to the intelligence of the UA-cam audience, the majority of which sadly would rather watch Kardsahian or cat videos. ;)
Don’t forget, UA-cam monetizes everyone who posts content. Even if you post a video without monetizations, UA-cam will play ads to get the money.
I wonder, what odd designs evolution based AI can come up with, when given both aerodynamics and stealth simulator
Posibly too odd to be used, we have tried to used designes made by IA but they are strange, and usually not better than something designed by humans
@witkrieg todd Any updates?
AI exausted it is property as topic long time ago, nowadays it is just a huge scale of 80-90x research. AI is widely used in microwave electronics: optimize function in AWR/MWO.
You just can't load requirements in a black box and wait until it gives you result. Because it gives results worse than human-design, but as a tool for very specific routine things that are requiring try and then calculate it is quite useful. For example matching loads, selection of feedback components to get stability unconditional stability and so on.
They did. The AI popped out a tictac shaped object made of non-Newtonian metaphysical marshmallow fueled by Redbull (sans wings). Skunkworks engineers still don't know how the craft works or even how the AI designed it. The AI has been only pumping out cat-themed birthday cards ever since. A true mystery of science.
@@carso1500 Ai is advancing so fast all this will change very soon.
Good work!!! I’ve started following your channel about 2 weeks ago. Some of the info I already knew, some refreshed my memory, other was new, blending it together seamlessly. Thank you!
You did a great job with compiling video to supplement your commentary. It flowed together very well and logical. It sucked me in and I can't believe I just watched a 20 min video on my phone after reading a post on reddit 😁
I watched these birds takeoff and land at Holloman A.F.B. in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The Security Police had to place a long stretch of Highway 70 off limits to picture taking, especially under the flight path of runway 16. We did "black" tracking missions with our radar system of the F-117. Likely those results gave the U.S. Air Force the confidence they needed to deploy right from Holloman, refuel in route to the Middle East, do their damage and refuel again in route back to Holloman. Long mission time! I'm proud to say I was a part of the operational testing of the F-117 Stealth plane. Nicely done video! Some radar theory covered here with some good explanations of the light/RF spectrum and its characteristics.
The stealthiest Bomber ever made, doesn't exist. . . at least to the enemy or general public.
Your videos are good. Better than good. You're doing great.
Never subbed so quickly in a long while. Cheers, mate!
Very Impressive video, with Solid focus on Content research and Editing(as a new channel). Your videos are very professional, surely you're gonna hit a million soon 😉, keep up the good work along with your style. Many many Regards and cheers bro ! ☺️
This is an outstanding documentary combining history with comprehensive technological explanations!
forgot to mention the 2000 tomahawk missiles launched before the Attack
Russian mathematician Pyotr Ufimtsev wrote TWO papers...the first gave us flat-faceted airframes and the second paper gave curved-surface airframes...a GIFT from the Soviets to us...
You know the airplane's design came from the Germans and not the Soviets, yes?
The Horton 226 stealth aircraft was created in 1944, well before the soviet's design.
The soviets declared that his findings were of no military and economic value to the world, so they allowed it. That would have proved to be their undoing, were it not for their own economic mismanagement.
They were right. It has no economic nor defense value. It is only useful as a coward attack weapon against weaker nations, which communists oppose to.
@@pahom2 Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania may disagree.
Soviets have openly fought against minor nationalistic groups with a support of majority. There is no need in steals planes for this.
Amazing. I admire the amount of work and research you have to put into those videos. Amazin! Soon 100k hype! :)
extremely well done video. most definitely one of the best channels on UA-cam by far.
One of the best scientific content channel that I ever seen. Keep it up with this awesome work, shortly you will have millions of subscriber's.
This entire channel has been under the radar
ninjarawr21 If you have secret clearance, perhaps you could divulge declassified information so that this channel would be unique, fresh, and the best in the internet. Credit would obviously be given to you.
ninjarawr21 zb
ninjarawr21 you in another case sound like a triggered boomer. Its pretty nice to have a packet of information, which can be easily watched/listened without extensive research.
It's too educational... now head back over to Karsahian and cat videos. xD jk
This channel deserves way more veiws/subs and im sure it will blow up soon. Exvellent quality, really great stuff. Subned
@@timfondiggle2582 agreed. 100%
@Joe Duke it doesn't take a genius to realize that the video is well made and the information accurate. What does the creators background have to do with it??
Yes yes yes yes
I agree Tim. New Mind I a great channel.
So many haters.
Very informative and exhaustive for an everyday Joe like me. Loved it thoroughly. Kudos.
Very well presented!! Thank you for the great step-by-step explanation! :)
Good work. Looking for more content like this.
awesome video !
Just want to compliment you on a superb ability to teach by keeping it informative, the information is adequate - not too little not too much. As far as quality you deliver appropriate levels of information where anyone can achieve self advancement from what you have to offer. I don't usually say anything like this but you stood out. Good job and I'll subscribe to see what else I can learn from you. Thank You for sharing.
Excellent presentation. No nonsense, all Information. Every word has a meaning. Please keep uploading.
What a chilled out well narrated clip. You're awesome man
I'm amazed with the level of technicality. Because it's hard to get it somewhere else.
Amazing video. I'm glad I found this channel.
Always good stuff from your channel. I learn so much with each video.
Excellent, would like to have seen more about the absolutely amazing aircraft that the f35 is but fantastic job man
15:15 Such a striking design. So striking it looks alien.
Excellent video, very good narration, and very accurate. Please keep up the good work
Consistent great videos, thank you!
Having recently read "Skunk works", the book which discusses the development of these technologies - I can say the video is quite accurate! Well done, I'm adding it to my bookmarks, thanks!
If other viewers are interested in the story behind stealth technology, I strongly recommend the book (it has the F-117 on the cover).
According to "Skunk Works", "Have Blue" wasn't started until after Denys Overholser presented what he learned from the Russian paper and wrote the RCS predictive software.
I'll start answering the phone like "skunk works, how can I help you..?" lets see, if my boss gets some shit..
ISBN? there's a shitload of skunk work books with f-117 on cover duh. publisher? editor? authors?
I’ve listened to that book at least 5 times on Audible. It is the best
riskinhos Skunk Works A personal memoir of my years at Lockheed
This is NOT a criticism in any way, but you should have included the Stealth conversion done on the 2 Blackhawks used in the Usama Bin Ladin raid. Although not actually produced as Stealth helicopters, they did use panels from the B-2 as a basis for the conversion kits. But as I mentioned before, that's in no way a criticism. This video was extremely well done!
And where is he likely to get this highly classified information?
Keep in mind this technology is 40 years old , whenever they reveal new technologies your not going to believe what you are seeing.
@@clist9406 underlying physics is 200 years old, and difficulty of progress grows in time....
C List Imagine taking a Nuclear reactor back in time to the Victorian era.
That thought came from Bob Lazar in a Joe Rogan podcast.
He specifically mentions the stealth helicopter technology in the video, if you watched it.
Very nice job on this video. I thoroughly enjoyed it.
Great video! A lot of cool info. Thank you
Great video. A good balance between novice and expert viewer. If you want to get a bit more technical, you go into why the B-2 looks the way it does. The B-2 does reflect - it's off the edges. The B-2 planform is defined by just two lines. If you look at the leading edge and move across the airplane, you will find that all the other edges are parallel to it. These edges do produce 'flashes' in the signature (think of it like a flashlight) perpendicular to the edge. There two flashes forward and two aft. From an operational standpoint, if you have a good idea of where the enemy has its radar installations, you can maneuver the airplane to minimize the number of times you light up a radar site. As an aside, I attended an RCS class in San Diego in 1985. Once we got smart enough to understand, it became quite interesting trying to figure out what the other groups in the class were trying 'hide'.
for your viewers, i recommend "Skunk Works" by ben rich. deep dive history of the projects from the U2, SR71, f117, and stealth technology. you covered quite a bit of whats in there, gj on fitting that into a concise video, but its definitely worth a read.
Seconded. Get it from your local library!
Perfect video, loved it
I just found your videos and am really enjoying these info dumps!
Very interresting video. Always enjoy a good mix of history and engineering.
I am very surprised to see only 74k views as of 7/8/19. This was a solid video and put together professionally, keep up the good work it's only a matter of time before all of your videos get a million plus views
Almost 200k now.
Almost 300k... this channel blew up fast af. A week ago, it wasnt shit. Good content and commitment finally got rewarded by the almighty algorithm
Your videos remind me of Modern Marvels. Love the work, LOTS of information and history in one video. Good work man.
Great video, well done. You've got yourself a new sub!
i am from Yugoslavia, and i remember that day when F117 was shot down.. 20 years has passed already..
@xOr you are not funny
@xOr In this illegal war, nothing was funny!!! Shame on you!!!!
Yes, it happened. It showed us that stealth technology is largely a gimmick. You cannot have stealth, a payload, speed and agility in one plane.
Thank you for sharing with Russia and China, both nations now has it's mighty stealth programs too. :)
Ah yes, the international "my country is obviously better than yours" competition has started in the replies section here. Seriously, do you honestly think people have their minds actually changed online? None of this will do anything other than make you all mad.
Awesome video
I can’t tell you how much that helped me with my essay. Thank you so much 😊
Great videos dude!
Haha I know the guy in the intake of the 117. Didn't expect that!
9min. My professor at UCLA. Prof. Ufimtsev. He, later worked for Northrop Grumman. SUPER NICE GUY.
.....The Air force flied over B2 bomber for his funeral.
great effort, earned my support!
Amazing channel! Thank you!
Just a small note, that the World War 2 chain home system covered the whole of the British East and South coast, not just England. GREAT channel - keep up the good work.
My late mom and I saw the B-2 Spirit Of Florida fly over, couldn't hear it till it was less than a couple miles and it was around 1000 ft, sounds dif than normal jets it's size. This was long ago in Melbourne ,Fl.
I was driving near Tulsa and one flew over my car flying North.Before long you could barely see it.
@Carl Schmidt Familiar w there, nice area, I now live NW of there about 90 mins closer to Orlando but lived in Palm Bay for yrs. Take care !
Dude, your channel is pure gold.
This is top notch documentary channel !!! So glad it exist
And this is why we still don't have graphene tech.
I thought the same...
graphene is an amazing material but it does take an amount of effort to manufacture and it's not the easiest to use to build things with, kind of like carbon fiber period you might ask yourself why we don't have more carbon fiber in the world having used it for several decades but the bottom line is producing carbon fiber as cheaply as plastic is just not going to happen so even though it's a superior product you don't see a lot of market depth..
F-117 was made subsonic not to prevent detection from 'sonic boom' but because the airframe would be destroyed in supersonic speed not even mentioning closed air inlets etc...
X-47B was closed... far before this vid published... author know the subject well...
@@quintin7203 - It was also because rather than developing an engine capable of supercruise they reused the F404 out of the Hornet which required afterburners for supersonic speed and would raise the IR signature
So far this is the only video that explained stealth and explained it well also with who and how it was discovered.
Fantastic video I love it great work thanks...
Excellent but for the music. Silence is golden.
But he uses the same music as Kripp Salt Chronicles
This music is awesome
Great video. Only complaint is the repeating 'on-hold' music I'd expect to hear waiting to talk to a human at some big faceless company. Having suffered through it all the way to the end it testament to your otherwise high quality video.
Wonderful explanations!!!!
Superb video that blends science and history in a very good way
for a second I thought manpads were sanitary pads for men
I thought, Aurora was a hypersonic project, not the stealth Bomber.
Aurora was rumored to be all kinds of off-the-wall things: hypersonic, cloaking device equipped, made from alien technology scavenged from flying saucer crashes, etc.
The truth of these things is usually very mundane compared to the conspiracy theories the tinfoil hat folks come up with.
Great job, thank you!
very good explanation of history of stealth technology with real videos.
The F35 is so loud you don't even need radars to spot it from long distance 😂😂
having worked heavily with them, I can confirm.
Its so loud, Ray Charles can see it!
Nice video. However MWS (missile warning systems) aren’t only in the “new” F35. The A-10c had it before, so it is has been around for a while and isn’t a new tech.
Amazing video as always
Very interesting video, thank you for your good work!
pronunciation of subsequently is off. otherwise a very well done piece, thank you for this video :)
Who makes up those rules anyways that pronunciation actually makes more sense given it follows the pronunciation of the root words sub and sequence
Irony that it was a Russian scientist's work that helped US breakthrough in Stealth technology.
What Zit Tooya and also a Russian rocket engine builder that designed the most efficient rocket engine.
And Russian titanium that was used in some of their craft like the SR 72
We get it, America bad. Move on with your lives,
The American National is a nation of Optimism. WE CAN DO!! Oh and We Love the rest of the world too. Go USA !and all its allies!!!!...
@@danielzwirn5717 GOD BLESS the USA & FREEDOM LOVING HUMANITY🙏👼
....... DEATH TO GLOBALISTS & SWAMP
Very informative video!!
Great video
Great content. Please look up the pronunciation of “subsequent”.
You mean: The Evolution Of Stealth Technology of USA aircraft? I cannot find stealth programs of other countries in your video.
@Duncan S400 says hi!
Because they are so good you couldn't notice
Very Very good job on the video!!!
You are very good at telling stories about history of the evolution of things. Nice video bro
When I was a kid, I thought it was called "stealth" because the color was black.
You weren't wrong though
Don't forget, Black Planes Matter!
When I watch this, I get one new curiosity, when they testing anti aircraft missile, who are the pilot of the that target jet? Especially during 60-80s because drone or pilotless jet are still not available.
Remote controlled aircraft have been quite common target tugs and targets since just before WW2.
In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat (U.S. Patent 613,809 -Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles).
Nice video thanks guys :-)
Thanks for replying :-)
Excellent video !
Good video. But you've got a funny way of pronouncing "subsequent."
AtTRIbuted instead of ATtributed.
7:59 *Shows a picture of first stealth plane the horten 229 doesent even talk about it...........
I just love reading comments!
Because it's not a stealth airplane.
Loving the channel, it's brand new to me and, from what I've seen, has content spot on to what I"m looking for. Thanks and keep up the good work.
You sound like an actual robot.
Great Videos!!!
The only thing stealthier is my farts. Once you detect them, it's already too late!
nice one, stealth bomber
it depends on whether they are noisy too. In that case there is some warning :)
Some day, we'll start to worry about the evolution of the modern spirit of the human race, because, tech is getting us *nowhere* fast.
Masterfully done video. Keep it up, just gained a subscriber.
A Russian hypothesised stealth and USA developed and used it.
riccccccardo And your point is?
incorrect. if you look at his paper, its written for the development of antennas. nothing to do with stealth technology. Its the engineers in the USA who were already working on stealth who saw the utility in his calculations to better develop stealth technology.
slickstrings semantics 👍🏾
Sorry we didn't know it was invisible :)
I LOVE THIS CHANNEL
I listened to the audio book for "skunk works" and I loved it. It covered the development of the SR-71 blackbird, one of my favorite airplanes, along with the f-117 Nighthawk and the f-22 Raptor. I actually made a model of the SR-71 and the F-117 as a kid.
The background noise (some would call music) killed the video. Can’t watch ‘til the end; too annoying.
I strongly suggest revising this.
Yugos beat the F-117 with tech of the 50's by "using different wavelengths"
Same will occur again nowadays !
I work with military radars and one of our tech said that a radar is only valuable by the computing power behind it to "render" the "info" gathered by the antenna
You can play with wavelenghts (you have to) and you will defeat any "stealth" thing ! Only computing power will make a difference ! This is why new radars makes stealth aircrafts obsolete !
F-14 was a great EW platform because it has a strong unit to work with its radar,... it was a human ! All "modern" fighters such as the F-22 even they got superb AESA radars, they only runs "old" pentiums processors to compute the data from it...
Speaking of AESA, these are the banes of stealth, moduling wavelenghts and frequency so fast that no stealth can really defeat them for any long time enough to defeat an attack... and guess why, chinese and russians (french by some extent) became really good at building these ! First and still the most powerful AESA is fitted on the MiG-31M
Thats not what happened, they said they were opening the bay doors at a specific place thus they moved their AA to that spot. Detecting and tracking is totally different..
@@lesliegrayson1722 They had to make up an excuse. That plane has been tracked for more than ten minutes. How much of an idiot pilot has to be to leave bomb bay doors open that long? SAM crews have reported detection and tracking of low observability objects and difficulty locking on them.
@@slavisaasus they explained why, its part of their checks and they always did their checks at that point. I cant believe anything else coz they have no reason to lie, as it is 20years ago? old tech. planes retired. [and I know that the F-35 is also detectable but not trackable with latest russian radar.] lol ur not Yugo :D ?
@@lesliegrayson1722 They explained nothing. First explanation was that detection occured during bomb deployment,
moment when bomb bay doors are open. Next explanation was utterly moronic, that pilot has forgotten
to close bomb bay doors, beside all that training, warning lamps and safety systems.
The last excuse was that bomb bay doors are regularly checked. How much of an idiot pilot (or protocol creator) has to be
to fly stealth plane over enemy territory and perform check that reveals its presence?
Is there a known failure of bomb bay? If you have bomb bay doors jammed, abort mission and return to base.
Simple as that. Every stealth plane, no matter what generation, is detectable and trackable with VHF/UHF radars.
Lock on has to be done with high resolution microwave radars that are affected by stealth technology.
Luckily, when stealth plane enters kill zone (close proximity), it can be locked on because laws of physics.
Combination of early warning VHF radars, short time of microwave emmision during lock on and highly skilled crews
is deadly for stealth technology. Stealth bombers are offensive weapons, developed by offensive countries.
Only impact that might have is to make defensive countries invest more in SAM systems.
I am Yugo with first hand experience of american bomb democracy, my father was high ranking officer
in AA branch of Yugo Airforce. Best regards.
Estaba buscando desde hace mucho tiempo un vídeo explicativo sobre la extraña geometría del F-117 ... gracias!
Excellent.
Also, is there actually a tech that the US didn't steal from another country? I failing to find one.
Blame USA
Way to put a negative spin on it. 😉
You could also say that the US has often picked up and developed tech that was ignored, under appreciated or under developed by the inventor's own nation.
Also, this is something that every nation does if they can. It isn't like the USSR and China are so high minded that they will only use tech that they themselves have invented 😆
...mind you, it IS annoying when folk from the US forget the sources and act like it was all their idea. Not the case with this video or subject.