Why Did Attosecond Physics Win the NOBEL PRIZE?

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  • Опубліковано 21 гру 2024
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    Whenever we open a new window on the universe we discover something new. Whether it's figuring out how to see to greater distances like with telescopes, or down to smaller size-scales like with microscopes, or perhaps expanding our vision to new wavelengths of light or via exotic means such as in neutrinos or gravitational waves. Well, the 2023 Nobel prize in physics has been awarded to three physicists for opening just such a new window-but it's not a window to a new size scale or a new mode of seeing--it’s for a new window in time. It’s for attosecond physics-the billionth of a billionth of a second that represents the timescale of the insides of atoms. This year’s Nobel in physics is for a microscope in time
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 1,2 тис.

  • @john38825
    @john38825 Рік тому +608

    There are as many attoseconds in a second, as there are seconds in the history of our universe.
    Best time scale reference ive seen

    • @randylogan4339
      @randylogan4339 11 місяців тому +22

      I paused on this and had a whole mind blowing visceral experience about it....

    • @phil2082
      @phil2082 11 місяців тому +32

      I just did the math. It says that a billion billion seconds is actually about 2.31 times longer than our universe has been around.

    • @danielpotter624
      @danielpotter624 8 місяців тому +1

      More like an order of magnitude more

    • @addy405
      @addy405 8 місяців тому +2

      Ill be right back in a AttoSecond :O

    • @samratrk202
      @samratrk202 8 місяців тому +3

      ​@@addy405that means you never moved, you can never move an inch in an attosecond 😂😂

  • @jajssblue
    @jajssblue Рік тому +1482

    I remember when Femtosecond was groundbreaking just a decade ago. Amazing progress!

    • @Mp57navy
      @Mp57navy Рік тому +103

      I remember, they could literally take still images of light moving.

    • @volbla
      @volbla Рік тому +49

      Oh yeah! That's a ted talk or something. Time sure flies.

    • @LarsIsReal
      @LarsIsReal Рік тому +37

      the flow of time is truly convoluted

    • @rein2889
      @rein2889 Рік тому +52

      Better to think of is a flow of causality. It hurts the brain less.

    • @InnokentyShuvalov
      @InnokentyShuvalov Рік тому +55

      So many fentoseconds have passed since then...... but feels just like yesterday!

  • @gloo0m
    @gloo0m Рік тому +273

    I did my masters thesis on this! Funny that the shortest timescales can also take us up to the highest energies. Methods similar to this that use a relativistically oscillating mirror instead of a gas may be able to take us up to the energy where it is predicted the vacuum itself breaks down and starts forming electron positron pairs spontaneously! Also amazing for particle accelerators, no need for billions on cern if you can generate fields that shoot electrons up to speed in a few cm!

    • @unvergebeneid
      @unvergebeneid Рік тому +16

      How do you make a mirror oscillate at relativistic speeds though?

    • @MagruderSpoots
      @MagruderSpoots Рік тому +2

      Would it shoot hadrons and in large amounts? I guess for the price you could build a lot of them.

    • @xxportalxx.
      @xxportalxx. Рік тому +20

      ​@@unvergebeneidthe first thought I'd have is an electrically accelerated plasma mirror

    • @unvergebeneid
      @unvergebeneid Рік тому +45

      @@xxportalxx. that does sound more promising than my first draft of gluing tinfoil to the E string of a mandolin.

    • @bartolomeothesatyr
      @bartolomeothesatyr Рік тому

      I had the same question @@unvergebeneid just asked. Interesting. Now I'm googling "plasma mirror". Thanks, @xxportalxx.

  • @planclops
    @planclops Рік тому +492

    I’m not going to pretend that I understand half of what is explained in this video. That said, I really enjoy listening to these videos and appreciating the bits and pieces I do understand along the way.

    • @waff6ix
      @waff6ix Рік тому +15

      ME IN EVERY VID💯🤣🤣

    • @squeakyp87
      @squeakyp87 Рік тому +26

      Everyone learns differently. When you find something you find particularly interesting go down the rabbit hole a bit. Also maybe pause occasionally to look up terms or phrases you might not understand. It can be quick and not very frequent start slow until you start to find a rhythm then just challenge yourself to learn a bit more at a comfortable and fun pace and energy.

    • @informedterror8112
      @informedterror8112 Рік тому +10

      @@squeakyp87this is very good advice!

    • @antukin146
      @antukin146 Рік тому +3

      exactly you don't understand it entirely but it is good to note that by analogy one can get a tiny Idea of it's essence

    • @bethanygee6939
      @bethanygee6939 Рік тому +4

      When you first immerse yourself in something new, that is bound to happen. I in no way understand a good bit of what's going on (and probably won't until I go for a physics degree) but I understand way more than I did 5 years ago when I started paying attention to the subject. You can do it!

  • @rcourtri2
    @rcourtri2 Рік тому +4603

    I obeyed every law of physics for the whole year and they still won't give me the prize. It's completely rigged.

    • @RichardDuncan-ju1xk
      @RichardDuncan-ju1xk Рік тому

      Well they gave one for the covid vaccine so, yeah, it's rigged.

    • @robbob5302
      @robbob5302 Рік тому +291

      I broke every law of physics, and they still won’t give me a ticket!!

    • @zty1985
      @zty1985 Рік тому +214

      That's a common mistake for rookies. Pretty sure if you've simply broken every law of physics they would have begged you to take it.

    • @CarlyDayDay
      @CarlyDayDay Рік тому +53

      You have too much lust in your heart. You want it too bad.

    • @ninizeldav7174
      @ninizeldav7174 Рік тому +4

      And so did we.

  • @OpenMicRejects
    @OpenMicRejects Рік тому +346

    Because the "atta boys" wasn't sufficient enough praise for such a remarkable achievement?

    • @AlbertaGeek
      @AlbertaGeek Рік тому +44

      That was horrible, unnecessary, and I resent the fact that you beat me to it.

    • @AaronWasOnYT
      @AaronWasOnYT Рік тому +2

      Ahh, I love my Astrophysics...

    • @servus_jesu_christi
      @servus_jesu_christi Рік тому +1

      @@AlbertaGeekxD

    • @realzachfluke1
      @realzachfluke1 Рік тому +9

      Comment of the year so far. Go ahead and try to convince me otherwise.

    • @sharkdavid
      @sharkdavid 8 місяців тому +1

      and girl 😂

  • @claritean
    @claritean Рік тому +307

    I only watch these episodes to have my mind blown once a week. Basically what I get out of it is, the realization, just how much the scientists know and at what level their minds operate, while I am trying to figure out if my soup needs more salt or sugar to balance it out. Indeed winning a Nobel prize is no joke..

    • @thomassturm9024
      @thomassturm9024 Рік тому +36

      Nor is balancing your soup out between your nutritional needs and your taste buds desires. That there is no nobel price for soup doesn't mean its not important! 😋

    • @maskon1724
      @maskon1724 Рік тому +9

      It’s usually going to be salt.

    • @simoncollins69
      @simoncollins69 Рік тому +8

      cooking is basically chemistry so don't beat yourself up

    • @VaoDxArchAngel
      @VaoDxArchAngel Рік тому +5

      @@thomassturm9024 It means that soup is too hard to crack for scientists as of now :P

    • @DeepUndaInAmsterdam
      @DeepUndaInAmsterdam Рік тому +4

      Add a carrot or potato if you used too much salt 😊

  • @nandodando9695
    @nandodando9695 Рік тому +493

    To see electron clouds animated close up would be so cool.

    • @ChinnuWoW
      @ChinnuWoW Рік тому +31

      Wouldn't their wave functions collapse since we'll be observing them?

    • @ThatOneStopSign
      @ThatOneStopSign Рік тому +38

      ​@@ChinnuWoW Yeah, we'd see them as particles probably.

    • @sid6645
      @sid6645 Рік тому

      @@ThatOneStopSignWe can map out the cloud from the information about their orbitals and current position I think. So we can just predict what the cloud would look like, to a degree never before!

    • @clivejohnson5645
      @clivejohnson5645 Рік тому

      ua-cam.com/video/W2Xb2GFK2yc/v-deo.html

    • @Mr.Nichan
      @Mr.Nichan Рік тому +6

      @@ThatOneStopSign "Seeing them as particles" is probably a matter of interpretation.

  • @playmaka2007
    @playmaka2007 Рік тому +83

    Great video! @3:06, it's worth noting a camera's aperture does not define exposure time, that is defined by shutter speed. The shutter usually opens or hinges vertically in the case of an SLR camera, and/or a digital sensor readout is performed vertically in most mirrorless cameras. The aperture defines the size of the opening through which light passes to reach the sensor and will control depth of field and image brightness.

    • @nashsok
      @nashsok Рік тому +7

      Keep in mind they're showing a TLR camera with a leaf shutter in which case the aperture functions as the shutter.

    • @Your_Paramour
      @Your_Paramour Рік тому +1

      @@nashsok Is that the norm for cameras with leaf shutters? I always assumed that cameras with leaf shutters had the mechanism in the camera rather reusing the aperture mechanism.

    • @nashsok
      @nashsok Рік тому +3

      @@Your_Paramour Yup, leaf shutters are most commonly the aperture itself within the lens - They're not too common these days since most photographers use your standard SLR or DSLR system, but if you look at large format camera systems or other high-end medium format systems like Phase One, the lenses each have their own leaf shutter mechanism within them.
      There have been a few camera systems which use behind-the-lens leaf shutters in the camera body, however those are quite rare and afaik there's only a handful of vintage cameras that did it that way.

    • @erikziak1249
      @erikziak1249 Рік тому +3

      @@nashsok Leaf shutters are not the aperture blades. Those are two different, yet mechanically similar looking components. I have a twin lens reflex Flexaret VI camera and clearly can see both aperture and shutter being stacked in the lens behind each other (the shutter being closer to the front). The shutter always fully opens, the aperture then limits the diameter of that opening.

    • @goldbook3313
      @goldbook3313 Рік тому +11

      @@nashsok erik is correct. The purpose of a leaf shutter (most typically inside the optical block of a lens) is to maximize speed and minimize the physical amount of movement to needed to block that light. Aka a shutter curtain near the focal plane has a much larger area to block compared to an in lens leaf shutter closer to the the aperture. It’s (in all cases I’m aware of) a second mechanism separate of aperture, even since it’s inception/invention.
      “In most typical cases, a leaf shutter is located either immediately behind the lens, or "inside" the lens, with elements of the lens both ahead of and behind the shutter. It's located here so that the aperture it needs to cover/uncover is relatively small (usually much smaller than the lens aperture, not to mention the size of the focal plane).”
      In any case, the terminology is wrong an should be corrected. In some rare case where the aperture is in fact being used as a shutter (not so in the TLR referenced, maybe in some very vintage large format lenses), the fact would still hold true. The aperture mechanism is being used as a shutter. The aperture function of a lens/camera is never related to time. The shutter function is in relation to time. Even if an aperture mechanism may serve a dual purpose as a shutter.

  • @DouwedeJong
    @DouwedeJong Рік тому +99

    Unbelievable, what an astonishing achievement by these scientists. Thanks for making this video.

  • @blacktimhoward4322
    @blacktimhoward4322 Рік тому +24

    This is a nice reminder of how inconceivably fast a planck time is; there are more planck times in an attosecond than attoseconds in a second

    • @bobbyt223
      @bobbyt223 7 місяців тому

      And just imagine if we eventually discover something smaller than the Planck scale and compare light to the new discovery

    • @fettuccinialfredo414
      @fettuccinialfredo414 5 місяців тому +1

      @@bobbyt223 Is that even possible ? From what I know at that scale even the mathematics dont make sense anymore,I am nowhere near understanding these concepts tho

    • @bobbyt223
      @bobbyt223 4 місяці тому

      @@fettuccinialfredo414 it’s more than likely not possible. At least with our understanding and technology right now.

  • @metazock
    @metazock Рік тому +7

    What I love about this channel: Matt. Also: No clickbait ever. Thank you.

  • @SamuelEstenlund
    @SamuelEstenlund Рік тому +6

    Anne is from my faculty and I have several friends who had her as their supervisor. She's a very humble and nice person and wo deserving of this prize!

  • @L.Scott_Music
    @L.Scott_Music Рік тому +8

    About ten years ago I was thinking about this subject for a science fiction writing project. My solution for the smallest amount of time was the fastest speed over the smallest distance. That is the time it takes light to travel a Planck length. Of course, this is a more useful system. :-)

  • @rein2889
    @rein2889 Рік тому +166

    The impacts of this on gravitational wave detection will fundamentally unlock our new way of observing as distance. Excited to see the evolution of space based gravitational astronomy.

    • @rein2889
      @rein2889 Рік тому +4

      * at distance

    • @LK-py1nb
      @LK-py1nb Рік тому +2

      Does that mean GPS could also be calculated to the partial centimeter?

    • @BMac420
      @BMac420 Рік тому +25

      @@LK-py1nb it already can be, its just illegal to own because gps with that much precision is for the military only

    • @TheRich464
      @TheRich464 Рік тому +2

      Communication that transcends time. Gravitational waves are where SETI will go real mode

    • @grahamwilson8843
      @grahamwilson8843 Рік тому +3

      ​@@BMac420says who? Trimble will sell you one for surveying for around 30k

  • @geniej2378
    @geniej2378 Рік тому +16

    The James-Webb telescope findings, and now this?! So much cool physics going on this year!! Excellent video

  • @sticks2478
    @sticks2478 Рік тому +31

    My uncle could break the laws of physics. He had a cushy government job. He finished at 5pm but somehow got home by 4pm. Amazing

    • @garethdean6382
      @garethdean6382 Рік тому +14

      Your uncle was remarkably deft,
      At 5, of him, his job was bereft,
      He'd movedwith such might,
      He'd go faster than light,
      And get home an hour 'fore he left.

    • @spookynelly912
      @spookynelly912 9 місяців тому

      @@garethdean6382i love this

  • @alre9766
    @alre9766 Рік тому +124

    Amazing stuff!
    And 3 Nobels in 2 years: Alain Aspect, last year and today Anne L'Huillier and Pierre Agostini. Congrats to the French for their contribution to fondamental research in physics.

    • @VaoDxArchAngel
      @VaoDxArchAngel Рік тому +3

      fundamental*

    • @丫o
      @丫o Рік тому +47

      *fonduemental

    • @TheoWerewolf
      @TheoWerewolf Рік тому +4

      Alain Aspect's work in confirming Bell's Inequality and non-locality was indeed fundamental physics and rigorously groundbreaking. It was a long time coming but deeply deserved.

    • @KippinCollars
      @KippinCollars Рік тому +6

      @@丫o That's the Swiss' contribution to physics

    • @jamesraymond1158
      @jamesraymond1158 Рік тому +5

      yes, but the French govt's support of science is abysmal. That's why every French scientist wants to emigrate to a country where science is highly valued.

  • @EmptyBurger
    @EmptyBurger Рік тому +4

    An extra tidbit in case it’s interesting/useful to anyone: the frequency of the “wah-wah-wah”s (beats) is the same as the difference between the two combined tones’ frequencies. Piano tuners (and other musicians) use this to help tune unison or octave-apart strings all the time (faster beats = freqs that are farther apart).

  • @Jeremy-fl2xt
    @Jeremy-fl2xt Рік тому +47

    Most cameras use a "shutter" to control the time exposure, not the "aperture" which can usually only decrease to some minimum amount that still lets light in.

  • @berylman
    @berylman Рік тому +44

    This is seriously groundbreaking stuff. Nobel prize well deserved

  • @erikziak1249
    @erikziak1249 Рік тому +7

    3:05 The aperture is set to a value to get the correct exposure for a given time, it remains fixed during the whole exposure time. The exposure time is controlled by the shutter, not aperture. Twin lens reflex cameras generally have leaf shutter, which might be confused with aperture blades. Btw. nice twin reflex camera model used in the video.

  • @SeanGhaeli
    @SeanGhaeli Рік тому +5

    Love the way you accurately represent the scientific process. This is what science is all about, and it's amazingly encapsulated in this video!

  • @courtneykachur9487
    @courtneykachur9487 Рік тому +7

    Thank you for this explanation. Your folks really dereve an atto-boy for making this topic more clear.

  • @ianwaasdorp4848
    @ianwaasdorp4848 Рік тому +12

    I think it would be really cool if you guys did videos on contenders for the prize as well. As someone who has moved away from academia into the private sector but still enjoys hearing about the progress being made, it we be awesome to see the biggest discoveries in one place

  • @historiadeluniverso
    @historiadeluniverso Рік тому +3

    The science fiction content here is so engaging and mind-bending. I love how it explores complex scientific concepts in such an accessible and entertaining way

  • @realzachfluke1
    @realzachfluke1 Рік тому +14

    I love these Nobel breakdowns you guys have been doing. It's totally fascinating to me seeing what the Earth's best and brightest are working on (and how ridiculous of a next level they're all on).
    They represent the Universe's best efforts at understanding itself 🤓

  • @ultravidz
    @ultravidz Рік тому +37

    Imagine how much hard drive space you’d need to record just 1 second at that frame rate

  • @alnath_engore
    @alnath_engore Рік тому +53

    Since attosecond imaging has the potential to observe electrons in motion, do you think it can "see" the electron cloud of a single H-atom changing its shape from say 1s orbital to 2s (or from 2s to 2p) upon absorbing an external photon?
    It's usually considered that such an orbital "jump" is instantaneous. However, whenever I think of such an orbital "jump", I always picture portions of the initial s-orbital smoothly changing its shape to a p-orbital instead of an abrupt instantaneous change of shape. This would be like looking at "intermediate" (superposed) states during the transition. As far as I know theoretically, Quantum Mechanics (Time-dependent perturbation theory) only shows how the probability of transition from one orbital to another increases with time, but never talks about the changing states. (Maybe, Adiabatic approximation says something but I have to check)!
    I therefore think that observing such a transition would be kind of interesting to know because that would also test Foundations of Quantum Mechanics.

    • @TheoWerewolf
      @TheoWerewolf Рік тому +25

      The problem is that the photons themselves will affect the cloud. It's like trying to take a picture of a balloon with a shotgun.
      They did try the very experiment you suggest and the results were odd. The recorded transitions weren't instantaneous but also seemed to suggest the electron 'overshot' the transition and had to settle back to the right level. But this implies all sorts of secondary issues since orbitals aren't rings or even concentric spherical shells around the nucleus.
      Worse, orbital clouds aren't actually 'clouds' of electrons. The 2s orbital, for example, is depicted as a sphere of cloud when in fact there are only 2 point objects there - the two electrons (if the orbital is filled). What's being depicted is the *probability* of where an electron might be, so an orbital change is really a change in the probability distribution of that electron's position. It doesn't need to entail a transitional change in the shape of the cloud.
      The conflict is that these shells don't overlap (well, they do - the probability of an electron being at any location in the universe never reaches zero, but are VERY low - that's why quantum tunnelling exists), so how is the electron getting from one allowed space to the other?

    • @derdotte
      @derdotte Рік тому +4

      Orbitals are not static under a dynamic electromagnetic field. One can see that if you take a look at quantumelectrodynamics and its resolution to the hydrogen problem while an electromagnetic field is present. You gain a lot of interference effects which result in some of the coolest phenomena but also quite some strange stuff.

    • @thecsslife
      @thecsslife Рік тому +1

      1s to 2s is a forbidden transition by the way

    • @jakob6628
      @jakob6628 Рік тому +1

      I am not aware of any publications experimentally observing the electron density during ionisation. However, photoionisation was extremely deeply considered during the last 15 years and photoionisation delays (predicted decades ago theoretically) were observed experimentally.
      What was also observed is e.g. the time-evolution of a superposition of states. If I recall correctly, the time-evolution of the electron density of a 1s-2p superposition was observed, which is quite neat!

    • @alnath_engore
      @alnath_engore Рік тому +1

      @@jakob6628 I see, very interesting!!! Can you please refer some sources or videos or anything for the observation of 1s-2p evolution and photoionisation delay?
      I would like to see some plots or videos for the evolution of probability density (or the wavefunction) itself, rather than some indirect measurements. Do you think such plots exist?

  • @handhdhd6522
    @handhdhd6522 Рік тому +6

    I remember when I heard this news, I asked about its application in ICs for ultra high data rates as an IC designer. Glad to see it does have potential! We have optical IOs for ultra high speed buses 225Gbps and above which are clocked by very high speed frequency synthesizers. We are entering the realm of THz and PHz circuits… absolutely wild!

    • @handhdhd6522
      @handhdhd6522 Рік тому +5

      The optical IOs use diodes and other interesting materials to convert the optical to electrical energy for use in silicon ICs. To think we might not need to convert would make the buses even faster due to the large capacitance by the diodes which take up most of the front end capacitance which dictates maximum speed.

  • @DaviAlex8
    @DaviAlex8 Рік тому +4

    Wow!!! 👍. I remember watching this channel before Matt started hosting. It’s been BLOWING MY MIND ALL THIS TIME!!! Amazing stuff, thanks SpaceTime!

  • @markmuir7338
    @markmuir7338 Рік тому +3

    This is exactly the explanation I was looking for. Of the countless scientific news channels I watch, this is the only one that has actually explained what the achievements were and what it has already actually done. Great job!

  • @chupamacabre4635
    @chupamacabre4635 Рік тому +3

    This video was amazing. People are awesome and the future is something to look forward to. On another note- can you please do a video on fermion to boson transformation?

  • @dannygelbart6827
    @dannygelbart6827 Рік тому +4

    This sounds incredibly complicated even after the explanation, but the potential it brings is really eye opening and fascinating.

  • @KungKras
    @KungKras Рік тому +8

    "Whenever we open a new window on the universe we discover something new"
    This cracked me up more than it should have^^

    • @realzachfluke1
      @realzachfluke1 Рік тому +1

      Agreed, if that cracked you up at all, there's probably something wrong with you lol. Just kidding of course, friend! There's not a damn thing wrong with laughing whenever we can!!!

    • @MrDino1953
      @MrDino1953 Рік тому +5

      A high-level manager once declared to me that “the whole world is going global” and wondered why I laughed.

  • @Receipt
    @Receipt Рік тому +57

    I support giving physicists anything described as "Too Powerful and too dangerous." Let it ride!

    • @huihuihuihuihuihui1
      @huihuihuihuihuihui1 Рік тому +12

      This is how you get Half Life

    • @Foxxnioxx
      @Foxxnioxx Рік тому

      Bad idea.

    • @Receipt
      @Receipt Рік тому +2

      @@huihuihuihuihuihui1 Ahhh... Good ol' "Unforseen Consequences"

    • @tpower1912
      @tpower1912 Рік тому +3

      We already did that and now there's microplastics everywhere and the planet is boiling

    • @lordflashheart3741
      @lordflashheart3741 Рік тому +3

      ​@@tpower1912How is that the fault of physicists?

  • @treefarm3288
    @treefarm3288 Рік тому +7

    My student friend has worked with femtosecond lasers in optics, and met the Canadian Nobel prize winner in that area.

  • @Numba003
    @Numba003 Рік тому +5

    Thank you for this video! I've heard a bit of the buzz around these Nobel winners lately, but I've not taken the time to read up on what exactly their discovery was. Thank you very much for explaining it so clearly and succinctly. Yet another fascinating advance in physics to unfathomably short timescales!
    God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)

  • @05xpeter
    @05xpeter Рік тому +4

    This was an amazing video. So well described and to the point. Really one of your best videos.

  • @Nightscape_
    @Nightscape_ Рік тому +1

    This is the best description of this story by anyone I have seen on UA-cam.

  • @thryce82
    @thryce82 Рік тому +9

    just getting into signal processing. that was by far the best explanation of harmonics I have seen. thanks !

  • @n0madfernan257
    @n0madfernan257 Рік тому +2

    hope i can still see this achievement applied to computing. thanks as always prof. Matt

  • @erincampbell1696
    @erincampbell1696 Рік тому +25

    Welcome giant eye-head man to the PBS Spacetime character pool.

    • @BigyetiTechnologies
      @BigyetiTechnologies Рік тому +2

      Don't draw attention, he's very sensitive about it

    • @erincampbell1696
      @erincampbell1696 Рік тому +5

      @@BigyetiTechnologies it's always "eye-head man," and never "George the genius vacuum repairman, who *happens* to have an eye-head" you know?

    • @marcodamian5405
      @marcodamian5405 Рік тому

      Aye, man!

  • @twotheabyss5966
    @twotheabyss5966 Рік тому +2

    Even in Laymans terms it baffled me but he said Space Time at the end and thats my favourite bit, the way he wraps up the episodes with these 2 words every time

  • @raywhitehead730
    @raywhitehead730 Рік тому +7

    Gee, it makes me want to be young again, to go into Physics. Way to go you Nobel winners.

  • @PaigeTArt
    @PaigeTArt Рік тому +1

    What a brilliant use of existing technology and ideas to create something completely new. Laser configurations always fascinated me. The science is almost straightforward when you lay it out this way but solving the puzzle seems like it was an incredible feat, like a proper scientific achievement

  • @Evghenios79
    @Evghenios79 Рік тому +3

    we reached the point whereby new technology appears to us as magic.
    I've also noticed that PBS has upgraded its production value :)

  • @Rc3651
    @Rc3651 Рік тому

    I really enjoy this series. I'm sure there's a lot I don't understand about any particular video, but it feels great when something clicks!

  • @MCsCreations
    @MCsCreations Рік тому +4

    Fascinating stuff indeed. Fingers crossed for faster computers!

  • @ausgoogtube01
    @ausgoogtube01 6 місяців тому

    Excellent presentation. Thanks for explaining the significant discovery behind this award.

  • @masterludovicus802
    @masterludovicus802 Рік тому +4

    I remember attending a conference while in undergrad about femtosecond physics and potential applications in targeted tumor treatment. It really blew my mind. Attosecond is even faster than that so I cannot even comprehend that 😂

  • @marcelotiberio3775
    @marcelotiberio3775 Рік тому +1

    honestly i usually have no issue following the explanations but this time i was getting really lost..... until, the music analogy! that just got me there you are an awesome communicator thanks a lot!

  • @stephenbrickwood1602
    @stephenbrickwood1602 Рік тому +13

    This content takes me back to my first decade, and my older friends were into science and had science encyclopaedia at home.
    They let me read the bits I needed to understand them.
    They made gunpowder and added powdered iron and aluminium.
    We made Molotov cocktails for the 44-gallon fire incinerator in his suburban backyard.
    They made massive amplifiers with valves.
    And a capacitor with glass plates and aluminium foil. That also nearly killed one of them.
    The powdered rocket fuel mixed in the garage nearly blew the house apart. The swing doors left their hinges.
    Good old days, science has remained fascinating.
    Thank you for the clarity you bring to these new boundaries in science. 😊😊😊😊😊😊

  • @aragorn0006
    @aragorn0006 Рік тому

    This was fantastic explained and illustrated even though I had to pause the video many time and replay sequences to understand all the information. Thanks!

  • @dougdupont6134
    @dougdupont6134 Рік тому +5

    I have witnessed events so tiny and so fast they can hardly be said to have occurred at all.

    • @DSW_314
      @DSW_314 Рік тому

      We also witness events so large and so slow that we don't even realize they're happening.

  • @barretprivateer8768
    @barretprivateer8768 Рік тому +1

    This video has given me more hope for the future than anything else in the last couple years

  • @AcesAndNates
    @AcesAndNates Рік тому +3

    Now THIS is cutting-edge physics! Goodbye String Theory.

  • @zacharywong483
    @zacharywong483 Рік тому +1

    Absolutely incredible visuals and explanations here, as always!

  • @Alex-js5lg
    @Alex-js5lg Рік тому +28

    Weird - my phone says this was uploaded "6 attoseconds ago." Must be a new update to the UA-cam app.

  • @jimmio3727
    @jimmio3727 Рік тому

    Hey, thanks for providing this video to us without UA-cam ad monetization (at least I assume). I can actually watch this without dealing with the assault on the mind known as ads. Usually I don't watch videos anymore, I just complain I can't watch it. Thanks again.

  • @TheOneWhoKnocks969
    @TheOneWhoKnocks969 Рік тому +28

    Love the limits to which time can be divisible too

    • @CriticalStories
      @CriticalStories Рік тому +2

      What limits?

    • @lievenvv
      @lievenvv Рік тому +2

      ​@@CriticalStoriesPlanck time?

    • @Stand_By_For_Mind_Control
      @Stand_By_For_Mind_Control Рік тому

      @@lievenvv Gimme.... half of that.

    • @TheoWerewolf
      @TheoWerewolf Рік тому +1

      @@Stand_By_For_Mind_Control You can't. Physics breaks down at that scale.

    • @Patrick-zr8tv
      @Patrick-zr8tv Рік тому

      ​@@TheoWerewolf You can. You just won't be able to observe any kind of change or action within that time period. Functionally that means time is broken up into planck times but it's not like a universal clock that ticks in Planck seconds. Time is continuous.

  • @maxtrevor9910
    @maxtrevor9910 Рік тому

    Im a physics PhD student and love your videos. There is so much to know

  • @r000tbeer
    @r000tbeer Рік тому +6

    I would think this would also apply to data transmission via fiber optics. Faster lasers = more data per second.

    • @cosmotect
      @cosmotect Рік тому +3

      I think you are going to run into problems trying to process the data coming in at that speed

  • @particlecloud
    @particlecloud Рік тому +1

    Very well explained - a pleasure to follow it through

  • @jackadams7368
    @jackadams7368 Рік тому +15

    I love watching your videos, so informative and really good at keeping my attention. Which is hard to do cause of ADHD. Thank you for always putting out quality stuff!!!

  • @capreal26
    @capreal26 Рік тому

    Brilliant. One of the rare videos of this channel that I could actually follow.

  • @itryen7632
    @itryen7632 Рік тому +3

    The time it takes for wikipedia editors to update a dead celebrity's page

  • @marilynwasserman3273
    @marilynwasserman3273 Рік тому +1

    Amazing episode, Matt! Congratulations! And, of course, many, many congratulations to the amazing Nobel laureate prize winners!
    Not really sure I understood much of it, but I'll be re-viewing it and reading up on it!

  • @Extra_Extra_
    @Extra_Extra_ Рік тому +6

    2:01 3rd guy was amazing in Inglorious Bastards, happy to see him get recognized outside of film too 😂

    • @Jump-n-smash
      @Jump-n-smash Рік тому

      Don’t remember him or see any resemblance to anyone on the movie. Who am I missing?

    • @Extra_Extra_
      @Extra_Extra_ Рік тому

      @@Jump-n-smash he looks like the actor who played Sgt. Hugo Stiglitz

  • @vortex_master
    @vortex_master Рік тому +1

    The acoustics analogy reminded me of the time I discovered a strange universal pattern. If you take the same wavelength differences between ROYGCBIV and apply it to low frequency tones, like you did, you get a heartbeat. This isn't some New Age bullshit, just something I stumbled upon while comparing Light and Sound Waves. It's practically an octave. We have an octave of vision, and that small sliver of visible light when transposed down to an audible register plays a heartbeat. The first sound we ever hear, before we can even see. I just think it's neat.

  • @martinvukovski4370
    @martinvukovski4370 Рік тому +3

    Is it possible to apply this technology to a particle collider in order to possibly observe events that currently happen too quickly for us to see them? If so, it would be possible for it to open many new doors to potential particles and to proof of some yet to be proven theories (out of the many, im not just referring to string theory or gravitons or anything in particular... pun intended).

  • @RedIceberg
    @RedIceberg Рік тому +1

    Great video. Btw, at around 3:35 there's a mistake in the captions (it says attometer instead of attosecond)

  • @EebstertheGreat
    @EebstertheGreat Рік тому +12

    Some pronunciation notes. Anne L'Huillier's surname is pronounced like "lwee-yay," roughly, not "le-hoo-lee-air." H is always silent in French, ll is pronounced like an English consonant y (somewhat similar to in Spanish), and the final -r is also usually silent.
    Also, the vowel in "timbre" is usually pronounced either like the a in "tambourine" (for American and British speakers) or the i in "timber" (for Australian and New Zealand speakers). It's not usually pronounced like the o in "Tom." In French, it's pronounced like the i in "Lupin" or "Rodin" or the ai in "saint," and the m is otherwise silent.

    • @unvergebeneid
      @unvergebeneid Рік тому

      Interesting, I never considered the "i" in "Rodin" to be pronounced /ɛ̃/ and the "n" to be silent. In my mind it's always been the "in" that is pronounced /ɛ̃/, without any silent letters.

    • @EebstertheGreat
      @EebstertheGreat Рік тому +3

      @@unvergebeneid Yeah, you can look at it either way. I was just trying to get across that there is no /m/ without using any IPA.

    • @HunLancer
      @HunLancer Рік тому +5

      Same notes for the Hungarian part. Ferenc Krausz's first name is pronounced like "Fe-rents". The "k" like sound only exists on actual k letters.

    • @EebstertheGreat
      @EebstertheGreat Рік тому

      @@HunLancer I noticed that too but forgot about it. I wonder why Hungarian orthography matches the orthography of some Slavic languages in Eastern Europe in that way. For instance, in Croatian, ⟨c⟩ is also pronounced like /ts/. But Hungarian is certainly not related to Croatian. And I doubt Hungarians learned to read from the Croats.

    • @HunLancer
      @HunLancer Рік тому

      Well, I cannot help you there, because I'm by no means a linguist, or well versed in the technicalities of Hungarian language, I'm only a native speaker.@@EebstertheGreat

  • @thejswaroop5230
    @thejswaroop5230 Рік тому +2

    Incredible feat....congrats to the scientists 🎉

  • @Krokodil986
    @Krokodil986 Рік тому +4

    "there are as many attoseconds in a second as there are seconds in what is it like 13bn years" can we jus pause and think ab tha for a second

  • @anthonygroeblinghoff3184
    @anthonygroeblinghoff3184 Рік тому

    As someone that works in the semiconductor field this was really cool to hear!

  • @kirkula
    @kirkula Рік тому +4

    @7:11 pedantic, I know, but you have the waves adding where they should be subtracted and vice versa ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

  • @jo_crespo11235
    @jo_crespo11235 Рік тому +1

    Excellent video Matt, keep the hard work.

  • @ardas77
    @ardas77 Рік тому +20

    every minute 60 second passes in africa

    • @oblonghas
      @oblonghas 8 місяців тому +4

      We must do something about this

  • @semmering1
    @semmering1 Рік тому

    This video is nearly as amazing as the nature of that science achievement. So unbelievable beautiful...

  • @lukemeck
    @lukemeck Рік тому +4

    Attosecond definition: the speed at which the money leaves my bank account on lay day

  • @dmsoundcollective6746
    @dmsoundcollective6746 Рік тому +2

    This episode really blew my mind. I only hope that all of these new discoveries in science don't lead to new ways a blowing people up.

  • @AbbeyRoadkill1
    @AbbeyRoadkill1 Рік тому +5

    Attoboy, Attosecond!

  • @Rubikorigami
    @Rubikorigami Рік тому +1

    7:12 Careful guys, you switched around the high and low amplitude parts in the superposition if the waves. It's when they match up that the sum has high amplitude :p

  • @limaogameplays8715
    @limaogameplays8715 11 місяців тому +3

    Petition to change from Attoseconds to Game Ticks.

  • @gnidarap
    @gnidarap Рік тому +1

    3:07 It's not aperture that's opening and closing, it's the shutter. Aperture determines the depth of field and the amount of light, shutter determines the time light is shining on the sensor. Finally, my filmmaking degree useful xd

    • @nashsok
      @nashsok Рік тому +1

      They're showing a TLR camera with a leaf shutter so in that case, the aperture acts as the shutter as well!

    • @gnidarap
      @gnidarap Рік тому

      @@nashsok oh, so film school useless after all
      well back to living in dreams where I studied physics

  • @floydcarstairs9747
    @floydcarstairs9747 Рік тому +14

    Matt, the correct pronunciation is "Ferents Kraaus", not Ferenk. It's not Frank, it's Francisco. Hungarian here.

    • @AdrianBoyko
      @AdrianBoyko Рік тому +2

      Ferenk 😂 … 😭

    •  Рік тому +3

      De akkor tegyük azt is hozzá, hogy Anne L'Huillier = "Án Lüijié"!

    • @atter27
      @atter27 Рік тому +4

      I've been looking for this comment so I don't have to write it out myself 😁👊

    • @juzoli
      @juzoli Рік тому

      Ugyanitt bojler elado!

  • @brianjakobsen2475
    @brianjakobsen2475 Рік тому

    I was waiting for the video and explaining the possible practical applications of this discovery.
    Amazing work by amazing scientists.

  • @markrothenbuhler6232
    @markrothenbuhler6232 Рік тому +3

    So they got a Nobel Atta-boy for Atto-physics? Nice.

    • @WiscoDrinks
      @WiscoDrinks Рік тому +1

      Tom attababy-itzaboy got snubbed

  • @ivanmakara7320
    @ivanmakara7320 Рік тому

    in the graphic at 7:15, the beats are out of phase with where those beats would occur given those sine waves

  • @BIindsid3
    @BIindsid3 Рік тому +4

    You mixed up aperature and shutter speed

  • @noobkaka567
    @noobkaka567 Рік тому +1

    Im studying power engineering and one of my teachers today brought up this today. The massive implications of this, if we could make a switch gate that operates at attoseconds iss very exciting

  • @Gremlack13
    @Gremlack13 Рік тому

    It’s the shutter that opens and closes in a camera. The aperture is the size of the opening which determines the amount of light allowed in during the time the shutter is open.
    Aperture is the size of the opening, while the shutter speed is how long the medium is exposed to light through a set size aperture.

  • @nitay2205
    @nitay2205 Рік тому

    Amazing video and a wonderful world. thank you!!

  • @baconcatbug
    @baconcatbug Рік тому +2

    >Attosecond
    >The Smallest Unit of Time
    >The Planck Time: Am I a joke to you?

  • @4364742
    @4364742 Рік тому

    Thanks for another great video! I just wanted to point out a mistake in the transcript/subtitles; at 3:32 the subtitles say "attometer" despite Matt clearly saying "attosecond".

  • @nate2807
    @nate2807 Рік тому +2

    Around 2:36, I was thinking "oh, he's gonna say it!" But alas, he did not say something to the effect of, " you could get a good look atto T-bone steak by sticking your head up a bull's a**, but I'd rather take a Nobel laureate's word for it."

  • @chalkchalkson5639
    @chalkchalkson5639 Рік тому

    4:33 Regarding Free Electron Lasers not being practical for ultra fast imaging: yes, the samples tend to be blown up, but XFEL ultra fast imaging is alive and well. European XFEL can even get sub femtosecond pulses in pulse trains with reasonable repetition rate

  • @agargamer6759
    @agargamer6759 Рік тому

    Amazing, can't wait for all the cool science and tech incorporating this!

  • @jean-pierremartineau4136
    @jean-pierremartineau4136 9 місяців тому

    The diaphragm (aperture) is used to adjust the quantity of light that goes into a camera. There's a curtain which is actually the component that lets the light in every time you take a picture THat's the part that moves fast.The diaphragm doesn't completely close and its not used to "take the picture".