its not only because of profit. the big issues with microSD card is they are the worst kind of SSD. those are just terrible chips that are really slow and have a high chance of failure (had 2 micro SD cards corrupt my data. since then i do not use them for any important data. just switch games. and movies on my tablet) since the company cannot dictate what SD card you use people might buy a really low quality one, their phone will work slow and they will blame the phone maker for it being slow when its their own fault. (then they buy an apple with no microsd storage and be like "whoah thats fast. i knew that was crap) really its about experience not allowing SD cards lets the company precisely control how fast your device will load stuff. and since the only way to add stuff is through an SSD you will expect that experience to be worse then the pure "on device" performance. the reason why i comment is people often think exactly opposite of what is reality. microsd card is not just about money. but people think it is while for example pairing parts to a phone so no 3rd party can repair them is about money. when people often think its not. that its "needed" or its to guarantee "good parts" if that would be the case why don't official iphone parts work? why are they paired in such a way that it will turn off some feature even if you are using a donor official phons?
I mean, there was also the fact that Micro SD cards kinda suck in terms of reliability, and so the average consumer would blame the phone manufacturer for data loss instead of the 5-dollar SD card they bought. This is why iPhones never had them in the first place. If Samsung's UHS cards had caught on this would maybe be a different story, hell I'd even prefer the SD card slot back of the headphone jack any day, but even then I'd rather just offload any extra files to my PC or an external drive if I really had to.
@@czechvirusS I would prefer bad additional physical storage over none at all. You can't use any other type of SSD as easy as it was with MicroSD. I want immediate access to my files anywhere I am, without using subscription-based cloud services that also needs Internet access, and without an external SSD sitting in my pocket that also occupies the charger port.
I was doing contract work at a U.S. Navy facility in the early '90s. One day when I got to work, there were these big metal boxes in the parking lot, each about half the size of a washing machine. I asked one of the Navy guys what they were. "Hard drives." "Wow, how old are they?" "Probably from the 1960s or 1970s." "What's their capacity?" "About 5 or 10 MB." "So you had them in storage all this time and finally decided to throw them away?" "Oh, no. We were using them up until yesterday. Our requisition for new hard drives was finally approved." ". . ."
Theoretically if we utilize quantum mechanics we can get the size of each cell to be 0.1nm^3. And if we use qubits as storage (which can store data exponentially as 2^n bits where n is the number of qubits) then we can store ~1.25*10^(3.97*10^(20)) bytes That is more bytes than the number of quarks in the entire universe. All on a microSD card.
Rtx agent is right, it's theoretically possible to store information on atoms. Practically speaking it will take longer as we have to move from electrical -> light readers
The problem is..... no insulator is perfect so over time the cell slowly lose the charge and corrupt your data. This wasn't a real problem in older flash memories because of the cells were bigger and only contained one bit of data (so, usually more than 10 years were needed to start to corrupt data)..... but nowadays this problem is real, the cells are very small and contains up to 16 levels of voltage.... a very small leakage and your data are gone forever! This is not usually a problem for flash memories that are in regular use (the controller inside automatically reads the cells and refresh the voltages when the memory is powered but not in use) but is a real problem for memory cards that are put in storage. Depending by the physical conditions of the memory card and the ambient temperature, the data can be corrupted in less than 4 months of storage (even if, most of the cards available can hold the data for 3-4 years). Flash memories are great for speed and for portability but aren't designed for long term storage.
Yep, ive had 4 micro sd cards fail on me like this and ive also got a really old 16mb full size sd card that was unplugged for years and still has all its data
Also (micro) SD cards are not highly reliable - all in all, that’s why on e.g. video shoots or film production the data is offloaded ASAP from the sd to proper storage. In most cases on the same day.
This is one of the most useful insights into flash memory that I have ever read. So is it better to store on HDD or will SSD be OK for longer term storage, or worse, is the only "safe" place in the Cloud?
I remember swapping DEC RK05 disks (2.2Mb on 14" diameter platter) on a PDP 11 system with its (total) 8.8Mb of disk storage. Served 6-7 simultaneous users, too!
When the 815TB microSD comes out: "This is the largest microSD card we'll ever see" 5 years later: "Scientists discovered a new way to store 16 bits in a memory cell"
Eventually it would stagnate when we hit theoretical limit until new breakthroughs, some tech is already slowing down In progress like processors for ex we aren't seeing same massive jumps in generations now
@@Raderade1-pt3om I think part of the problem with processors is we're trying to take the basic architecture concepts from Von Neumann and make them work at gigahertz speeds. Look at the sorts of things the Amiga did at 7MHz or that mainframes did with core memory compared to the sorts of things we can do now. On raw compute, the CPUs are faster, but we could probably do a whole bunch more if we dropped the classic ISA architecture, the classic 1970s operating systems, and the classic 1980s programming languages. I don't think the next speed boost is going to be in fabrication but in general architecture. Just like GPUs blew away anything you could do on a CPU by picking a completely different and incompatible architecture.
@@darrennew8211uh gpus dont “blow away” everything a cpu can do. gpus are a form of ASIC where it is optimized for one specific thing. That thing being matrix arithmetic. a cpu on the otherhand needs to do everything and thus is less efficient at everything.
“What if I’m part of a group chat on WhatsApp” That’s the realest shit I’ve heard this whole week. People really just be sending every single fucking Facebook reel they run across
An old timer techie here (was and still is into electronics, computers, lasers, nanotech etc). When I was in graduate school in the 90's in the US, my PC's external hard disk drive (the size of a toaster along with a power supply the size of a toaster and an 'extension card' which had to be inside the motherboard slot and connected by a seriously fat cable) had a whopping capacity of 5 Megabytes !! The RAM on that PC was a mere 640 kB, and all this was 'state of art' (almost). Times have changed for sure, and I am amazed how my fellow scientists have squeezed in into tiny devices. Even a $5 Raspberry pi pico (2) is more powerful than the PC I was using during my graduate school days !
Something about your memory is corrupt. In the 90's, computers already had smaller AT PSU inside, though I suppose you could argue that they were the size of a small toaster, but HDDs were 5.25" internals, and larger than 5MB, and I mean commodity IBM compatible PCs, not state of the art PCs, and I don't mean late '90s, I mean 1990. I was programming in the late '80s and pre-1990, had a 386 with a 20MB 5.25" internal HDD. It was not high end.
@@stinkycheese804 What I mentioned was the PC I could afford at my residence as a 'poor' grad student :) Remember those were the days of the 'dumb terminals' with those green / amber screens. You are right though in pointing out what was available, particularly in the mid 90s. The best PC in my lab (university) was a 386DX with a memory of 4MB and hard disk of 350MB, with a 'color monitor'. We use to try to partition that whopping hard disk and put Minix (yes Tanenbaum's version) on a partition. But as I said the cost point was of such a 'state of art' machine was beyond my personal means at that time :) Thanks for sharing your experience as well.
@@XYGamingRemedyG Revelation 3:20 Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me. HEY THERE 🤗 JESUS IS CALLING YOU TODAY. Turn away from your sins, confess, forsake them and live the victorious life. God bless. Revelation 22:12-14 And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
Good advice here, don't buy super-cheap memory from online. It's a 99.999% chance to be a scam. A few small corrections/updates: 1:32 Silicon is a semiconductor. The insulator is not silicon but instead is silicon dioxide (basically a thin layer of glass). 1:48 Distance between silicon atoms is about 0.25 nm, 75-100 atoms across would be about 19-25 nm which is a THICK gate in terms of modern tech. This might be a flash memory transistor in year 2000 or so. Its hard to get exact numbers of modern tech, but a few (perhaps up to 10) atoms thick is more common (single-digit nm). 4:38 The screamer is correct. The thickness alone is way off. The active area of the cell may be on that order, but there are metal lines, substrate, etc, not to mention a plastic package to be able to mount it to something (such as a PCB and connector pins).
Even if it's not a scam and you do get the advertised capacity it's going to be mainly reject NAND from the production line so it'll either be super slow or it won't be reliable.
This is from Wikipedia: "The prefix bronto, as used in the term "brontobyte", has been used to represent anything from 10^15 to 10^27 bytes, most often 10^27." So anywhere from 1 Petabyte to 1 Ronnabyte.
Just go read any science fiction stories from the 50s or 60s. "Yes, our space cadets are trained to do calculus in their head, because there's no way you could fit a calculating machine onto a space ship." Or my favorite, "we found you because we have a punched card for every citizen of the galactic federation."
3:13 I love how you named all these things that would take up a huge amount of space and then "What if you are a part of a group chat on WhatsApp?" It's so relatable xD
I like the way you teaching, and then suddenly that humorous cry came out. Love it. I usually don't subscribe to anyone just by a 5 min video. But you earned a subscriber from India. 💐
I find fascinating how fast we get used to these sizes. I remember that my ps2 memory card was 8mb of storage. Sure, it wasn't supposed to save photos or big files, bit still. It was something bigger than a modern usb stick for just 8mb. And I didn't get to use floppy disks, which I find even crazier. Although I like that nowadays we have more available space for the normal people. If you don't have videogames, you can buy an ssd with 500 GB with only 30€ or so. For a normal person, that's more than enough
You've got a new follower. Educational video with occasional healthy humor and a nice Sean Bean accent(and everybody else from the north in the GoT). Followed at less than 10k followers. See ya when you get a million of us mate.
I was scammed on a 16GB microSD card from eBay in the late 2000's, when 16GB was just starting to launch but was otherwise too expensive for me. Turned out it was actually 1GB. Fortunately I didn't lose anything important to the corruption. PayPal refunded me because the account was banned from eBay while I was still waiting for it to be delivered.
Not gonna lie, at 3:40 of the video when I saw you drew a cylinder and use the volume formula of a rectangular prism, I thought I had a brain stroke for a moment.
Neat, that it stores 16 states. I wonder how they read these. I guess it is just voltage divider on bus and array of comparators? Would explain the slowish read speeds, but they are still quite fast.
Yup, that's QLC type tech if I'm not mistaken. It also is less durable, which is why you should (if you can afford it) prefer TLC, or even MLC or SLC cells for longevity and performance. I think most high end SSDs use TLC, dunno if MLC and SLC are still used at all in the consumer market
@@Kurotama_STR SLC is sometimes used for caching, and also in NOR flash (used to store the BIOS on most computers, typically only 16MB or 32MB in capacity), but basically no modern SSD or SD card uses SLC for bulk storage. MLC is used in a few last-gen ultra-high-end SSDs (e.g. Samsung 970 Pro), but newer high-end storage is basically always TLC, and low-end is usually QLC. PLC NAND (Penta-Level Cell, with 32 voltage levels) technically exists, but isn't commercially viable yet, due to heavily diminishing returns of adding even more bits per cell (TLC is 50% more data storage than MCL, but PCL is only 20% more than QLC), and exponentially increasing complexity due to needing to be able to accurately detect twice as many voltage levels for each extra bit of data stored per cell. We'll probably get some PLC storage devices within the next couple of years, but they'll probably be rare for a while, due to their significant performance disadvantage and minimal density advantage compared to TLC and QLC. HLC (Hexa-Level Cell) is hypothetically possible, but it won't realistically be produced any time soon.
@@cyfralcoot65 not all drives do that. Depends on a lot of factors but generally SLC cache is percentage of free space on the drive and while the drive is idle (pc isn't sending any data from or to the disk) it copies data stored as SLC into TLC (or even QLC) to make future write transfers faster
Fun fact: Although many people still think that for computers kilo means 1024 and so on this has now been fixed to work with the SI prefixes. In the SI prefixes Kilo means 1000 and mega giga etc 1000x the previous prefix. For the binary stuff that's called Kibi, Mebi, Gibi, Tebi etc - each 1024x the previous prefix. So the theoretical SD-card holds 815 TiB or 896 TB. Just a small fun fact, if you want to check it's been implemented into the Google data size converter and the Linux OS. idk about MacOS but Windows calculates the sizes in GiB etc but displays in GB etc. Just a small technicality. Also, for computer data storage 815 TiB makes more sense to mention.
@@ThylineTheGay Yeah it initially confused me and is also the reason why I started some research there. It's the reason why a 1 TB drive shows up as 931 GB.
Tbh, when it comes to those units it's just one big mess. Megabytes, Mebibytes, Megabits and Mebibits. I am sure somewhere there is nice definition of what 1TB means, but only way to know for sure is context. When you are reading something online you can be never sure if it's bits or bytes, when someone use MB or Mb.
@@Arcidi225 All that is very well defined but yeah people tend to not use is properly. The definition: K - Kilo (etc) Ki - Kibi (etc) B - Byte (8 bits) b - bit When someone talks about filesizes you can be confident that byte is meant and when about data transfer rate it mostly is bit. But yeah it's a complete mess unfortunately and iirc that's mostly on Microsoft for calculating as KiB etc but displaying as KB etc.
@@turbogamerxd329 I mean when I download something it's shown in bytes, so data rates are as messy as everything. But my rule of thumb is "when somebody is selling this to you, it's in bites, because bigger number sells better" And it's great those are defined, but nobody is using this properly. Even i don't use it properly, because it's annoying to use shift all the time, especially while windows users cannot tell a difference between letter sizes.
Legitimately funny references in this video! "So future generations can learn how not to live their lives." Also: the file names at the beginning and even the engineer berating you. All well done humor! Also: your delivery is excellent. New subscriber. Kudos, brother!
3:32 “what if I’m part of a group chat” 😳 scary… Also, great video! Please invest in a microphone. Adds a lot of production value and makes the videos much nicer to watch.
It's all about the use of multi-layered cells for storage. The "cost" though is speed. Generally these large cards (256GB and higher) operate only at UHS-I speeds, so there's a trade-off. Capacity for speed and possibly longevity (lifespan). SAme concept as computer SSDs (cheaper larger drives use multi-layered memory cells so they can pack more data onto a single NVME SSD or memory card, but the layering process slows down processing of data). This is also why enterprise SSDs at least, are very expensive. They're fast, and have a longer life span usually, but they cost a lot more. Same for fast memory cards (like the UHS-II cards, which some might use multi-layering, but it's usually more limited). I believe that CFExpress uses the same concept as SSDs do with the multi-layer cells, but since they are connected to the PCI Express interface, they operate faster than SD cards (which may piggyback off a USB bus or are only assigned one PCI Express lane, whereas other memory card types like CFExpress interfaces may have multiple lanes, in some cases). But it is nice though that we have such small packages since media files in general have gotten larger, with the increased resolutions and fidelity of today's media.
There was an XKCD What If? about what the most valuable thing you could fill a shoebox with and he came up with the answer of MicroSD cards filled with Apple Music singles. Ever since then I've had a real appreciation for how dang much storage these things have.
Got this video in my recommended. Very well made. Interesting, good explanation that was technical enough (but not to technical for someone who didnt already have a basic understanding), well paced, and best of all, funny! Only critique I have is that the audio isnt great. Consider investing in a lapel microphone to get more consistent audio across shots
Yep, there's still need to be space for the controller, SRAM for said controller, some more cells for overprovisioning, maybe some SLC cache, all the PHY connections, voltage regulator, and so much more going on inside the card. So yeah, the real space the card have for actual memory is smaller than you'd might think.
This guy deadass printed a label an put it on top of a lower size SD card because he didn't want to pay $230 for this video. Honestly I can respect it.
In 2019 I was sarting my Sociology degree dude, now I am working and starting a second degree (after finishing a post graduate diploma) in another university. You make me feel old.
Honestly, this was recommended to me randomly but it is such a great video! Keep it up! I'm almost certain you'll hit it big soon enough! Funny and informative!
There is no humour on the planet like British humour. Plainly it is innate and expresses itself from a very young age. That was most interesting, informative, and funny or at the same time
My first 3.5" hard drive was 1/2,000 the capacity of this pinky nail-sized drive and probably only a fraction as fast. I can't even comprehend how that old drive held that much information and accessed it essentially immediately and transferred it accurately. I think this 2TB drive is magic. That's the only logical answer.
Super Metroid (1994) was 3 megabytes and was the largest game released on the SNES at its release. It's crazy that video games cartridges used to hold megabits just a few decades ago and now we can fit hundreds of thousands of cartridges in something this small.
I remember when we were in secondary school for the first year of IT we used floppy disks to store the documents, that was a whooping 1.44MB. Now at a fraction of the floppy's physical size this 2TB microSD has 1.456.355 times more storage and all that within a time span of ~23 years. A year later we upgraded to USB-drives which had 32MB, it was wild.
These huge capacity Micro SD cards are only possible by stacking 5 or more dies on top of each other, which is astonishing considering the thickness of the card
Bro this was a great video. I still can't fully comprehend how the hell they get 4 bits to be readable from a single cell. I get how it technically works but practically speaking it just seems insane. It does help to explain why high density flash is a terrible idea for long-term storage though.
I took a college computer class in 1979. We coded in BASIC and storage was done on an audio tape cassette. It would take several minutes to write a simple program to the tape. Then several minutes again to write it back to the TRS-80 to work on it again. I'm at the age now where I'm supposed to feel nostalgic about my youth, but that doesn't apply to my early computer studies.
Sad that nowadays, almost none of the new smartphones support microSD because that's not profitable.
its not only because of profit.
the big issues with microSD card is they are the worst kind of SSD. those are just terrible chips that are really slow and have a high chance of failure (had 2 micro SD cards corrupt my data. since then i do not use them for any important data. just switch games. and movies on my tablet)
since the company cannot dictate what SD card you use people might buy a really low quality one, their phone will work slow
and they will blame the phone maker for it being slow when its their own fault.
(then they buy an apple with no microsd storage and be like "whoah thats fast. i knew that was crap)
really its about experience
not allowing SD cards lets the company precisely control how fast your device will load stuff.
and since the only way to add stuff is through an SSD you will expect that experience to be worse then the pure "on device" performance.
the reason why i comment is people often think exactly opposite of what is reality. microsd card is not just about money. but people think it is
while for example pairing parts to a phone so no 3rd party can repair them is about money. when people often think its not. that its "needed" or its to guarantee "good parts"
if that would be the case why don't official iphone parts work? why are they paired in such a way that it will turn off some feature even if you are using a donor official phons?
@@czechvirusS 👍🏻❤️👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻
I mean, there was also the fact that Micro SD cards kinda suck in terms of reliability, and so the average consumer would blame the phone manufacturer for data loss instead of the 5-dollar SD card they bought. This is why iPhones never had them in the first place. If Samsung's UHS cards had caught on this would maybe be a different story, hell I'd even prefer the SD card slot back of the headphone jack any day, but even then I'd rather just offload any extra files to my PC or an external drive if I really had to.
You can plug a solid state hard drive in most phones using the USB C port. If you plug in a hub that supports micro SD, then you can use that, too.
@@czechvirusS I would prefer bad additional physical storage over none at all. You can't use any other type of SSD as easy as it was with MicroSD. I want immediate access to my files anywhere I am, without using subscription-based cloud services that also needs Internet access, and without an external SSD sitting in my pocket that also occupies the charger port.
Imagine showing that thing to a computer guy in the late 70s. They would go completely nuts.
No, they just wouldn't believe it.
@@KC9UDX they would use it as ram for supercomputer haha
They would worship it as their only grace lol
They would burn you at the stake for being a witch
@@h8GW damn 70s mustve been rough. i'm a 2000s kid
I was doing contract work at a U.S. Navy facility in the early '90s. One day when I got to work, there were these big metal boxes in the parking lot, each about half the size of a washing machine. I asked one of the Navy guys what they were.
"Hard drives."
"Wow, how old are they?"
"Probably from the 1960s or 1970s."
"What's their capacity?"
"About 5 or 10 MB."
"So you had them in storage all this time and finally decided to throw them away?"
"Oh, no. We were using them up until yesterday. Our requisition for new hard drives was finally approved."
". . ."
Only 20 to 30 years old. Could be worse.
Of course y'all realise that they filed for a 1-1 replacement for a compatible drive in a similar technology? 😂
That is absolutely insane, I don't think I'll ever get that mental image out of my head
I bet the styli were the size of hands on a big grandfather clock and writing sounded like a carbon-arc welder. 😎👍
@@MAGGOT_VOMITwhat is the styli?
>"in 2019 when I was just 14 years old"
Oh dear god that's one way to make me feel old for being 21 in 2019
I was 25. 😭
@@noahwilliams8996 I was 75.
wow same
Happy early or late 80th birthday!@@soaringvulture
@@soaringvulture I was going to post my age, but you win! I hope you’re well.
Yeah im waiting for 1 Petabyte microSD
Theoretically if we utilize quantum mechanics we can get the size of each cell to be 0.1nm^3. And if we use qubits as storage (which can store data exponentially as 2^n bits where n is the number of qubits) then we can store ~1.25*10^(3.97*10^(20)) bytes
That is more bytes than the number of quarks in the entire universe. All on a microSD card.
@@rtxagent6303 damn, i hope this is a possibility
Rtx agent is right, it's theoretically possible to store information on atoms. Practically speaking it will take longer as we have to move from electrical -> light readers
It's already on Amazon for 12 Dollars, from a fake company that kind of looks like a SanDisk lol
Blue ray and floppy is the real storage. They added data to a blue ray with light. Read and write with light. Increase storage exponentially.
The problem is..... no insulator is perfect so over time the cell slowly lose the charge and corrupt your data.
This wasn't a real problem in older flash memories because of the cells were bigger and only contained one bit of data (so, usually more than 10 years were needed to start to corrupt data)..... but nowadays this problem is real, the cells are very small and contains up to 16 levels of voltage.... a very small leakage and your data are gone forever!
This is not usually a problem for flash memories that are in regular use (the controller inside automatically reads the cells and refresh the voltages when the memory is powered but not in use) but is a real problem for memory cards that are put in storage.
Depending by the physical conditions of the memory card and the ambient temperature, the data can be corrupted in less than 4 months of storage (even if, most of the cards available can hold the data for 3-4 years).
Flash memories are great for speed and for portability but aren't designed for long term storage.
Yep, ive had 4 micro sd cards fail on me like this and ive also got a really old 16mb full size sd card that was unplugged for years and still has all its data
Also (micro) SD cards are not highly reliable - all in all, that’s why on e.g. video shoots or film production the data is offloaded ASAP from the sd to proper storage. In most cases on the same day.
penta level cells are becoming a thing as well, so 32 levels per cell
This is one of the most useful insights into flash memory that I have ever read. So is it better to store on HDD or will SSD be OK for longer term storage, or worse, is the only "safe" place in the Cloud?
Thanks, you just answered the main question that came to mind after watching this.
I remember when 32MB SD card was massive.
and cost 50 bucks
I remember swapping DEC RK05 disks (2.2Mb on 14" diameter platter) on a PDP 11 system with its (total) 8.8Mb of disk storage. Served 6-7 simultaneous users, too!
@@Michael-sb8jf Goddamnit it still pains me that i could've got a 1tb nvme m2 now instead of 1gb SD card back in the day...
when a*
HOW old are you bro? 32MB?
When the 815TB microSD comes out: "This is the largest microSD card we'll ever see" 5 years later: "Scientists discovered a new way to store 16 bits in a memory cell"
I'm always amused by people who name things "ultra", which means "the last one." Riiiight.
@@darrennew8211 I think thats because nobody knows thats what ultra or Ultimate mean. People use them as the same as "super" or "uber"
Eventually it would stagnate when we hit theoretical limit until new breakthroughs, some tech is already slowing down In progress like processors for ex we aren't seeing same massive jumps in generations now
@@Raderade1-pt3om I think part of the problem with processors is we're trying to take the basic architecture concepts from Von Neumann and make them work at gigahertz speeds. Look at the sorts of things the Amiga did at 7MHz or that mainframes did with core memory compared to the sorts of things we can do now. On raw compute, the CPUs are faster, but we could probably do a whole bunch more if we dropped the classic ISA architecture, the classic 1970s operating systems, and the classic 1980s programming languages.
I don't think the next speed boost is going to be in fabrication but in general architecture. Just like GPUs blew away anything you could do on a CPU by picking a completely different and incompatible architecture.
@@darrennew8211uh gpus dont “blow away” everything a cpu can do. gpus are a form of ASIC where it is optimized for one specific thing. That thing being matrix arithmetic. a cpu on the otherhand needs to do everything and thus is less efficient at everything.
0:54 actually they are still made by chinese children
WhatsApp group storage is up there with my life memories
For a seconds there i thought you were describing a harder drive, one that uses WhatsApp messages as a storage system lmao
*Untick auto download anything* go brrrr
all my whatsapp chats got deleted because apparently facebook has storage space for messenger but not whatsapp in the cloud
@@gameratortylerstein5636 I'd rather my data be deleted than controlled by a company, vut to each their own
@@-YELDAHgreatest reference of all time
"what if im part of a groupchat on whatsapp" is so accurate lmao
“What if I’m part of a group chat on WhatsApp”
That’s the realest shit I’ve heard this whole week. People really just be sending every single fucking Facebook reel they run across
I ran straight to the comments lmao
There are facebook reels now too?
An old timer techie here (was and still is into electronics, computers, lasers, nanotech etc). When I was in graduate school in the 90's in the US, my PC's external hard disk drive (the size of a toaster along with a power supply the size of a toaster and an 'extension card' which had to be inside the motherboard slot and connected by a seriously fat cable) had a whopping capacity of 5 Megabytes !! The RAM on that PC was a mere 640 kB, and all this was 'state of art' (almost). Times have changed for sure, and I am amazed how my fellow scientists have squeezed in into tiny devices. Even a $5 Raspberry pi pico (2) is more powerful than the PC I was using during my graduate school days !
Hey , we do learn that we crack german enigma code using computer as big as a house😅
@@eddyr1041wanna cencor the gay guy?
Something about your memory is corrupt. In the 90's, computers already had smaller AT PSU inside, though I suppose you could argue that they were the size of a small toaster, but HDDs were 5.25" internals, and larger than 5MB, and I mean commodity IBM compatible PCs, not state of the art PCs, and I don't mean late '90s, I mean 1990. I was programming in the late '80s and pre-1990, had a 386 with a 20MB 5.25" internal HDD. It was not high end.
@@stinkycheese804 What I mentioned was the PC I could afford at my residence as a 'poor' grad student :) Remember those were the days of the 'dumb terminals' with those green / amber screens. You are right though in pointing out what was available, particularly in the mid 90s. The best PC in my lab (university) was a 386DX with a memory of 4MB and hard disk of 350MB, with a 'color monitor'. We use to try to partition that whopping hard disk and put Minix (yes Tanenbaum's version) on a partition. But as I said the cost point was of such a 'state of art' machine was beyond my personal means at that time :) Thanks for sharing your experience as well.
@@eddyr1041A lot more than one.
0:23 "how to commit tax fraud.mp4"
0:25 "im a closeted homosexual part 1/2"
Interesting
Quick gags like these are some of the best a creator can use. Just love to see it.
@@XYGamingRemedyG
Revelation 3:20
Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.
HEY THERE 🤗 JESUS IS CALLING YOU TODAY. Turn away from your sins, confess, forsake them and live the victorious life. God bless.
Revelation 22:12-14
And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be.
I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.
Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.
@@JesusPlsSaveMe I'm already a Christian, bud. You're throwing a ring to someone next to you in the same lifeboat.
Nah@@JesusPlsSaveMe
@@JesusPlsSaveMenuh uh ☝️
i liked the self aware no one cares bit
It's cheap let's enjoy it 😂
Good advice here, don't buy super-cheap memory from online. It's a 99.999% chance to be a scam. A few small corrections/updates:
1:32 Silicon is a semiconductor. The insulator is not silicon but instead is silicon dioxide (basically a thin layer of glass).
1:48 Distance between silicon atoms is about 0.25 nm, 75-100 atoms across would be about 19-25 nm which is a THICK gate in terms of modern tech. This might be a flash memory transistor in year 2000 or so. Its hard to get exact numbers of modern tech, but a few (perhaps up to 10) atoms thick is more common (single-digit nm).
4:38 The screamer is correct. The thickness alone is way off. The active area of the cell may be on that order, but there are metal lines, substrate, etc, not to mention a plastic package to be able to mount it to something (such as a PCB and connector pins).
I saw a recent physics video where they calculated the optimum thickness would be 47 atoms thick.
Another wrinkle is error-correcting overhead/redundancy.
Even if it's not a scam and you do get the advertised capacity it's going to be mainly reject NAND from the production line so it'll either be super slow or it won't be reliable.
Correct. @@antikommunistischaktion
People in 2124: "We've discovered a way to store memory in virtual pocket dimensions, so now we can have 1 brontobyte microSDs."
If i live to 2124 i will respond again
Forget microSDs, we're gonna have rontoSDs by then
This is from Wikipedia:
"The prefix bronto, as used in the term "brontobyte", has been used to represent anything from 10^15 to 10^27 bytes, most often 10^27."
So anywhere from 1 Petabyte to 1 Ronnabyte.
3:30 "what if I'm part of a group chat on WhatsApp" ☠️
The presentation was extremely entertaining from both a humorous and learning standpoint
You were 14 in 2019, how are you 30 now?
Its been a rough 4 years
Damn, gen Z do be aging like milk 😂 meanwhile I'm 36 and still get carded while buying booze.
@@tomaccinomy mom was carded and she's 60
@@flipwonderland Probably got carded for something else. No 60 year old passes as underage!
@@tomaccino yeah, same could be for you is my point
1:16 pugged into you computer👀
"in 2019 when I was just 14 years old"
I was thinking "damn this guy is young lmao, wait that was 5 years ago, wait he's exactly my age"
🤣
Same lmaoo
Then I realized I'm older than this guy
Fuck
Why am i older
that crying was the best
No feelings were hurt in the making of this video.
It got me good.
_blows nose_
*Anyway,*
Very cool stuff. and "What if I'm part of a group chat on WhatsApp" is brilliant lol 😂
in 2019 when i was 14 HOLD UP!!!!!!!! WHAT!!!!? ima cry
Just the fact the official Sandisk 1.5TB micro SD Cards are only $100+ isn't bad the 1TB used to be $450
"In 2019 when I was 14 years old"
Man I feel old
On the positive side, you weren't at school during the plandemic.
Imagine you go back in time and show this to the engineers who just made the humungous Eniac computer.
Just go read any science fiction stories from the 50s or 60s. "Yes, our space cadets are trained to do calculus in their head, because there's no way you could fit a calculating machine onto a space ship." Or my favorite, "we found you because we have a punched card for every citizen of the galactic federation."
3:13 I love how you named all these things that would take up a huge amount of space and then "What if you are a part of a group chat on WhatsApp?" It's so relatable xD
4:27 dont listen to the engineers mathematicians, I care about the numbers :)
I like the way you teaching, and then suddenly that humorous cry came out. Love it.
I usually don't subscribe to anyone just by a 5 min video. But you earned a subscriber from India.
💐
1:40 is where u lost me
Me to9 , lol
Me too
Yep 😂 I was like " English mother f*cker"
filtered by particle physics, smh
"In 2019 when I was 14 years old"
Damn dude 3 seconds in and you made me feel ancient
Honestly, the fact that this is possible just blows me away.
it took me 4 minutes of a 5:15 video to realize you were talking about 2 tb, not 2b2t
Bro must have had like thirteen thousand beers
@AuroraEthan I wish that were the explanation brother
Yeah I would believe 2b2t players would create a working 2 tb Redstone computer for it to be griefed an hour later
What 2B2T does to a person :
“The oldest anarchy server in Minecraft”
haha amazing video, precise mix of entertainment and educative bits. You should get way more recognition. Keep up the awesome work!
I find fascinating how fast we get used to these sizes. I remember that my ps2 memory card was 8mb of storage. Sure, it wasn't supposed to save photos or big files, bit still. It was something bigger than a modern usb stick for just 8mb. And I didn't get to use floppy disks, which I find even crazier.
Although I like that nowadays we have more available space for the normal people. If you don't have videogames, you can buy an ssd with 500 GB with only 30€ or so. For a normal person, that's more than enough
The random guy hating on your math was hilarious, especially the end. Great video!
You've got a new follower. Educational video with occasional healthy humor and a nice Sean Bean accent(and everybody else from the north in the GoT).
Followed at less than 10k followers. See ya when you get a million of us mate.
At first I was attracted by title, then I was attracted by the presenter and stayed for both. Awesome vid :)!
I was scammed on a 16GB microSD card from eBay in the late 2000's, when 16GB was just starting to launch but was otherwise too expensive for me. Turned out it was actually 1GB. Fortunately I didn't lose anything important to the corruption. PayPal refunded me because the account was banned from eBay while I was still waiting for it to be delivered.
Not gonna lie, at 3:40 of the video when I saw you drew a cylinder and use the volume formula of a rectangular prism, I thought I had a brain stroke for a moment.
I'm glad YT recommended me this video, your stuff is good man 👍
4:20 The best part. Just let the complex thing to AI and calculators to handle
Neat, that it stores 16 states. I wonder how they read these. I guess it is just voltage divider on bus and array of comparators? Would explain the slowish read speeds, but they are still quite fast.
Yup, that's QLC type tech if I'm not mistaken. It also is less durable, which is why you should (if you can afford it) prefer TLC, or even MLC or SLC cells for longevity and performance. I think most high end SSDs use TLC, dunno if MLC and SLC are still used at all in the consumer market
@@Kurotama_STR you can also use TLC as SLC if your drive is only ⅓ full
@@Kurotama_STR SLC is sometimes used for caching, and also in NOR flash (used to store the BIOS on most computers, typically only 16MB or 32MB in capacity), but basically no modern SSD or SD card uses SLC for bulk storage.
MLC is used in a few last-gen ultra-high-end SSDs (e.g. Samsung 970 Pro), but newer high-end storage is basically always TLC, and low-end is usually QLC. PLC NAND (Penta-Level Cell, with 32 voltage levels) technically exists, but isn't commercially viable yet, due to heavily diminishing returns of adding even more bits per cell (TLC is 50% more data storage than MCL, but PCL is only 20% more than QLC), and exponentially increasing complexity due to needing to be able to accurately detect twice as many voltage levels for each extra bit of data stored per cell.
We'll probably get some PLC storage devices within the next couple of years, but they'll probably be rare for a while, due to their significant performance disadvantage and minimal density advantage compared to TLC and QLC. HLC (Hexa-Level Cell) is hypothetically possible, but it won't realistically be produced any time soon.
@@cyfralcoot65 not all drives do that. Depends on a lot of factors but generally SLC cache is percentage of free space on the drive and while the drive is idle (pc isn't sending any data from or to the disk) it copies data stored as SLC into TLC (or even QLC) to make future write transfers faster
Never expect a boring tech video clip has humor in it
Fun fact:
Although many people still think that for computers kilo means 1024 and so on this has now been fixed to work with the SI prefixes.
In the SI prefixes Kilo means 1000 and mega giga etc 1000x the previous prefix.
For the binary stuff that's called Kibi, Mebi, Gibi, Tebi etc - each 1024x the previous prefix. So the theoretical SD-card holds 815 TiB or 896 TB.
Just a small fun fact, if you want to check it's been implemented into the Google data size converter and the Linux OS. idk about MacOS but Windows calculates the sizes in GiB etc but displays in GB etc.
Just a small technicality.
Also, for computer data storage 815 TiB makes more sense to mention.
And an even more fun 'coincidence', storage media always uses the smaller variant :D
@@ThylineTheGay Yeah it initially confused me and is also the reason why I started some research there.
It's the reason why a 1 TB drive shows up as 931 GB.
Tbh, when it comes to those units it's just one big mess.
Megabytes, Mebibytes, Megabits and Mebibits.
I am sure somewhere there is nice definition of what 1TB means, but only way to know for sure is context.
When you are reading something online you can be never sure if it's bits or bytes, when someone use MB or Mb.
@@Arcidi225 All that is very well defined but yeah people tend to not use is properly.
The definition:
K - Kilo (etc)
Ki - Kibi (etc)
B - Byte (8 bits)
b - bit
When someone talks about filesizes you can be confident that byte is meant and when about data transfer rate it mostly is bit.
But yeah it's a complete mess unfortunately and iirc that's mostly on Microsoft for calculating as KiB etc but displaying as KB etc.
@@turbogamerxd329 I mean when I download something it's shown in bytes, so data rates are as messy as everything.
But my rule of thumb is "when somebody is selling this to you, it's in bites, because bigger number sells better"
And it's great those are defined, but nobody is using this properly. Even i don't use it properly, because it's annoying to use shift all the time, especially while windows users cannot tell a difference between letter sizes.
Legitimately funny references in this video! "So future generations can learn how not to live their lives." Also: the file names at the beginning and even the engineer berating you. All well done humor! Also: your delivery is excellent. New subscriber. Kudos, brother!
now i fully understand the importance of entropy in information theory and shannon fanno coding
It was refrshing seeing a video like this. Straight to the point and goes into some detail with visual representation. Great job 👏
"What if I want to record my entire life in 4k so that future Generations can see, how now to live their lives". 💀
I feel you bro.
I like the way you express, must be good script. You've earned a subscriber 🎉
3:32 “what if I’m part of a group chat” 😳 scary…
Also, great video! Please invest in a microphone. Adds a lot of production value and makes the videos much nicer to watch.
shut up
This editing is better than the newer one.
Very good job with this video!!
It's all about the use of multi-layered cells for storage. The "cost" though is speed. Generally these large cards (256GB and higher) operate only at UHS-I speeds, so there's a trade-off. Capacity for speed and possibly longevity (lifespan). SAme concept as computer SSDs (cheaper larger drives use multi-layered memory cells so they can pack more data onto a single NVME SSD or memory card, but the layering process slows down processing of data). This is also why enterprise SSDs at least, are very expensive. They're fast, and have a longer life span usually, but they cost a lot more. Same for fast memory cards (like the UHS-II cards, which some might use multi-layering, but it's usually more limited). I believe that CFExpress uses the same concept as SSDs do with the multi-layer cells, but since they are connected to the PCI Express interface, they operate faster than SD cards (which may piggyback off a USB bus or are only assigned one PCI Express lane, whereas other memory card types like CFExpress interfaces may have multiple lanes, in some cases).
But it is nice though that we have such small packages since media files in general have gotten larger, with the increased resolutions and fidelity of today's media.
I loved the science and the humor in this, great video man. 🎉
There was an XKCD What If? about what the most valuable thing you could fill a shoebox with and he came up with the answer of MicroSD cards filled with Apple Music singles. Ever since then I've had a real appreciation for how dang much storage these things have.
Guys I loved this video! the "piss off" so classic! love your content cant wait for more!
Got this video in my recommended. Very well made. Interesting, good explanation that was technical enough (but not to technical for someone who didnt already have a basic understanding), well paced, and best of all, funny! Only critique I have is that the audio isnt great. Consider investing in a lapel microphone to get more consistent audio across shots
Hands down the most informative video I've seen on YT today, and the funniest of the month, and I watch me some YT.
This video doesn't actually answer the question, yet I am still compelled to upvote it.
What sorcery is this?
I just subscribed for the last "Yeah, and piss off"... beautiful content
Yep, there's still need to be space for the controller, SRAM for said controller, some more cells for overprovisioning, maybe some SLC cache, all the PHY connections, voltage regulator, and so much more going on inside the card. So yeah, the real space the card have for actual memory is smaller than you'd might think.
The actual storage area is also thinner than the thickness of the paper
This guy deadass printed a label an put it on top of a lower size SD card because he didn't want to pay $230 for this video. Honestly I can respect it.
"In 2019 when I was 14 years old"
Oh my god I feel like a fossil now.
In 2019 I was sarting my Sociology degree dude, now I am working and starting a second degree (after finishing a post graduate diploma) in another university. You make me feel old.
Amazing how people even figured out to build stuff like this
Honestly, this was recommended to me randomly but it is such a great video! Keep it up! I'm almost certain you'll hit it big soon enough! Funny and informative!
14 in 2019? There is no way you are a teenager! You are definetly 20+ years old
Technology improves very quickly, I won't be surprised that they find a way to store even more and take even less place.
There is no humour on the planet like British humour. Plainly it is innate and expresses itself from a very young age. That was most interesting, informative, and funny or at the same time
This Channel will explode what a gem of a show. That’s for such great teachers
My first 3.5" hard drive was 1/2,000 the capacity of this pinky nail-sized drive and probably only a fraction as fast. I can't even comprehend how that old drive held that much information and accessed it essentially immediately and transferred it accurately. I think this 2TB drive is magic. That's the only logical answer.
This is such a good video. Great balance of comedy, information and visual explanation. I see a successful future!
In around 2006-2007, largest capacity usb drive was 1GB. Same dimensions, same form factor as today's.
I honestly don’t think I’m smart enough to fully comprehend what you’re saying but somehow I understand how to better store all my media
Super Metroid (1994) was 3 megabytes and was the largest game released on the SNES at its release. It's crazy that video games cartridges used to hold megabits just a few decades ago and now we can fit hundreds of thousands of cartridges in something this small.
I'm so glad this video got recommended. Really enjoy a lot of your videos
Good sense of humour, mate! Where’s your accent from? Is it from the Hull region or rather Manchester or somewhere I don’t think of right now?
I'm from Yorkshire so Hull region.
@@TheUnqualifiedTutor ta!
I dont know why I got recommended this on my page but I love it
5:05 nice prop !
Awesome video, great job!
I never knew how bits were physically stored
Well they managed to fit petabytes on a disc platter so storage really is getting dense
I remember when we were in secondary school for the first year of IT we used floppy disks to store the documents, that was a whooping 1.44MB. Now at a fraction of the floppy's physical size this 2TB microSD has 1.456.355 times more storage and all that within a time span of ~23 years. A year later we upgraded to USB-drives which had 32MB, it was wild.
“What if I’m part of a group chat on WhatsApp” took me out 💀
2010s youtube energy and i’m here for it 👍🏻
These huge capacity Micro SD cards are only possible by stacking 5 or more dies on top of each other, which is astonishing considering the thickness of the card
Absolutely amazing video dude. Loved thee humor.
0:54 errrr... Sandisk have been in a few controversy regarding child labour
First time on this channel. Entertaining and informative, thank you!
0:18 What's that brother
Icloud drive😂
He is deeply closeted
truly amazing. that's my computer's ENTIRE HARD DRIVE on something the size of my thumbnail.
lol this guy is funny, nice work
Really good video, I love the math behind it and how lots of memory cells can be fit in such a small space.
Watch this back in 2047 and this is hilarious
Just a great video. Informative, maths, funny, straight so the point. 9/10.
"What if im part of a group chat on whatsapp." Bruh that deadpan perfect timing had me rolling
Bro this was a great video. I still can't fully comprehend how the hell they get 4 bits to be readable from a single cell. I get how it technically works but practically speaking it just seems insane. It does help to explain why high density flash is a terrible idea for long-term storage though.
"what if im part of a groupchat on whatsapp" LMAOOOOO
I took a college computer class in 1979. We coded in BASIC and storage was done on an audio tape cassette. It would take several minutes to write a simple program to the tape. Then several minutes again to write it back to the TRS-80 to work on it again. I'm at the age now where I'm supposed to feel nostalgic about my youth, but that doesn't apply to my early computer studies.