EMBRAPA 2025 - PART 9 - RESOLUTION OF 6 QUESTIONS ON PROBLEMS OF TRUTH AND LIES

PART 9 - SOLVING 6 QUESTIONS ABOUT TRUTH AND FALSE PROBLEMS, TO PREPARE FOR THE EMBRAPA 2025 EXAM
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QUESTION 01
Four suspects of committing a crime, make the following statements:
John: Carlos is the criminal
Pedro: I am not a criminal
Carlos: Paulo is the criminal
Paulo: Carlos is lying
Knowing that only one of the suspects is lying, determine who the criminal is.
TST 2012 - FCC
Huguinho, Dewey and Louie, three twin brothers, were playing at their uncle's house when one of them broke his favorite vase.
Upon hearing what had happened, the uncle asked each of them who had broken the vase.
Read each one's answers.
Huguinho  “I didn't break the vase!”
Dewey  “It was Louie who broke the vase!”
Louie  “Zezinho is lying!”
Knowing that only one of the three told the truth, we can conclude that the nephew who broke the vase and the one who told the truth are, respectively:
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION 2012 - FUNRIO
Arthur, Bernardo, Conrado, Demétrio and Euzébio were playing ball on the sidewalk.
One of them kicked the ball with great force and broke the window of Dona Maria's house.
Arthur said it was Bernardo.
Bernardo said it wasn't him who broke the window.
Conrado said Arthur lied.
Demétrio said it was Euzébio.
And Euzébio said it was Arthur.
Knowing that only one of the boys told the truth, the one who kicked the ball hard and broke the window of Dona Maria's house was:
MEDICINE ENTRANCE EXAM 2021 - UNISINOS
Four girls decided to hide their friend Júlia's bag.
Upon entering the classroom, Júlia asks: "Which of the smart ones hid my bag?"
I didn't!, replied Ana.
It was Cris!, assured Bianca.
It was Diana!, said Cris.
Bianca is lying!, replied Diana.
Knowing that only one of them lied, and that only one of them hid the bag, which of the friends hid the bag, and which one is lying, respectively?
CGU 2006 - ESAF
A logic teacher finds himself traveling in a distant country, inhabited by verdamanos and mentimanos.
What distinguishes them is that the verdamans always tell the truth, while the liars always lie.
One day, the professor comes across a group of five locals.
Let's call them Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon.
The professor knows that one and only one in the group is a verdaman, but he doesn't know which one of them is.
He then asks each person in the group who is a verdaman, and gets the following answers:
Alpha: "Beta is a liar"
Beta: "Gamma is a liar"
Gamma: "Delta is a verdaman"
Delta: "Epsilon is a verdaman"
Epsilon, who is aphonic, speaks so quietly that the professor cannot hear his answer.
Even so, the logic professor correctly concludes that the verdaman is:
CAU 2024 - CESPE/CEBRASPE
In an investigative game, one of the objectives is to collect clues to discover the culprit of a crime.
In a certain setting, five gentlemen, each wearing a hat of a certain color, were having dinner when the lights in the mansion went out.
Gentleman with green hat: “The gentleman with red hat is innocent.”
Gentleman with red hat: “If the gentleman with black hat and the gentleman with green hat are innocent, then the gentleman with white hat lied in his testimony.”
Gentleman with white hat: “The gentleman with black hat is innocent.”
Gentleman with black hat: “The gentleman with green hat lied in his testimony.”
Knowing that only one of the witnesses lied, and that only one of the gentlemen murdered the gentleman with khaki hat, judge the following items.
Only one of the gentlemen is, at the same time, the murderer and the liar.
( ) TRUE
( ) WRONG
The gentleman with white hat lied in his testimony.
( ) RIGHT
( ) WRONG
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