The one silver lining out of all of this is that I suspect in 15 years we’ll have an enormous army of virologists, epidemiologists and immunologists who were inspired to pursue their careers by this pandemic.
Let's hope those future virologists can do some good if something like this - or worse- returns within their career lifetime. Despite all the glittering science we have in being able to probe down to molecular level this virus - our only protective response to this is just to cower inside, locked inside our own houses . Pretty much like any medieval peasant response would be.
I’ve compared it to the sinking of the Titanic probably saved more lives through legislation on lifeboats so the virus will end wet markets, make people take vitamin D and kick start research into viruses and preventing pandemics.
Thank you for your expertise. How refreshing it is to hear someone say, "I don't know," and 'Here's the original -- look at it yourself." Hallmarks of expertise.
As someone who is not knowledgeable about the medical field, I really appreciate how you always explain the terms, eg “herd immunity”, “antibodies”, “antigens”, etc.
Zac Nelson - JC’s daily commentary and analysis clearly involves a tremendous amount of research on an ever evolving ‘story’ of the Covid pandemic. Not to mention the presentation and rendering of his vlogs, often 2 A day. So this is clearly his ‘mission’, driven by a remarkable and altruistic desire to keep us informed, for which we are deeply grateful. Thanks Dr John Campbell, your efforts are deserving of public recognition 👍
Chas2Can ... more people in Oz should be watching Dr Campbell, rather than the sensationalised hoo ha from local media, that most peeps watch. Stay safe from Qld 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼😷
@@Jefro9 Oh yeah? He is either a underrated Doc or an overrated PhD recipient. He is an RN and very highly qualified to say the least. In Australia we have a term... it's Fuck Off!!
Yesterday President Trump said (about mass testing), " Do you need it? No. Is it nice? Yes. We're talking 325 million people. That's not going to happen, as you can imagine." I am embarrassed for my country.
He says, "I'm quite hyped up about this." All the while he speaks in a totally serious, intellectual tone. The British are amazing😂😂😂 Dr. Campbell is chill😎
All this time we thought it would be someone like Samuel L Jackson narrating the apocalypse like a MOFO when all along it was to be the quiet and calm British Dr.
The interesting question facing all of us during these times, is, who can you believe in this new decentralised truth regime? Alternative facts and fake news are a hazard for everyone. I think the doctor is a good example of qualities to look out for in a source.
Dear Doctor John, Thank you very much for taking the time to make these daily postings and share this critical information with us. You have a real talent in breaking down complex information and we are grateful for your effort.
For me, one of the most interesting things they mentioned was, that the amount of virus you contract at first, seems to make a difference in the outcome. I thought about that a long time ago, because many relatively young medical employees got very sick or even died... It also means masks and hygiene will make an even bigger impact.
There's no concrete evidence that viral load is the cause of this, it could also be that healthcare workers are tired and overworked, which could lead to far worse outcomes for them. I also saw that a few didn't accept ventilator care early enough, because of the shortage, to preserve more for their patients. Too many variables to claim we understand this effect.
Thank you Dr. Campbell for sharing every day! I look forward to it and pretty much just listen to what you have to say. The news is sometimes too confusing and hard to decipher. And for the sake of not getting too overwhelmed by it all my family pretty much just listens to you. I am not sure anyone else is going through the countries and how it is going around the world. And you explain things very well. God bless you for taking the time to do this! Valerie M. USA
John. You have been one of the most reliable and level headed sources of information I have come across in this situation. Many thanks for your podcasts and I wish you and your family the very best. Thanks for the work you've done in allaying panic, defeating the misinformation and keeping us all informed. You're a hero.
@@dickie9502 Why? Do you believe Trump? I looked into it and at first WHO was not sure it was very infectious, they never said it was not dangerous, they simply did not know one way or the other. They simply did not want to cry wolf. It is easy to say in hindsight that they should have reacted earlier. But the moment they where convinced they did tell all. So, that Trump did not listen at first and tries to blame WHO is typically Trump, never take responsibility at all for mistakes he made.
@@Peter_Scheen Hi Peter, thanks for the reply. I hate to "believe" Trump, gives me loose bowels!!! But in reality, even a broken clock is right twice a day... You need to ask yourself a few questions here, you need to understand Trump's point of view. 1. Should the WHO have trusted the data as provided by the CCP (Chinese Commie Party)? Considering there was no delay from the lock down of Wuhan translating into an immediate "reduction" in the Chinese death rate? 2. Knowing this, should they have DIRECTLY insisted on ACCESS to Wuhan? This is their job after all! 3. Once the CCP cancelled all internal flights (but allowed flights out of China (very EVIL)) should the WHO have immediately announced a global "CAUTION... THEIR LYING AGAIN" alert? As they lied over bird flu in 2002! 3. Dates... How well does all this ineptitude line up with what Trump ACTUALY said, and at WHAT TIME he said it???? Do YOU Peter, understand that Trump is just a PRESIDENT. He is not a virologist, he is not a Doctor, he MUST act on professional advice. That advice was not gleaned and provided by the WHO!
Peter Scheen Were you watching the WHO conferences at the end of Jan, about 20th onwards ? Did you at the same time watch social media and reports from Wuhan during that time ? Pls let me know. I did watch them both, daily and intensely. I was certain then as I am now, that WHO allowed the spread to occur and downplayed it. Put it this way I’m not in China and I quit job on Jan 22 to isolate. 2 days later WHO advises against travel restrictions, they downplayed everything and they are even still talking crap, about masks etc. WHO and China are both very bad. And the replacement for WHO or Tedros will likely be worse as they will be full on NWO.
Watching this 11 months later, and it’s truly amazing how efficient Dr John is when explaining the key words and facts. As an educator, he is easily the best I have ever seen on UA-cam! You just have to view some of the lessons uploaded from years ago. Quality information like this deserves recognition! God bless you Dr John.
Hi Dr C. Thank you for your work, and greetings from Manila. As of end of day today, the Philippine government reported 4,196 confirmed cases and claims that over 23,000 tests have been administered. The figures could be wrong, but I thought you’d be interested in the discrepancy. Thanks again and all the best.
I am uncomfortable with the idea of immunity certification, and those with immunity being allowed to work. What about those not exposed or if you are part of the 6% who don’t have detectable antibodies, or false negative results? I can just imagine the prejudice against those who don’t test positive. I can also imagine the market for fake documents that people will pay for so they can work.
if that is so, people will try to actually get covid-19 to have a job. this idea of "letting immune people going to work" should be seen with extreme caution
Ronan Barrett I’m all for protecting the vulnerable, I’ve not left my house for 3 weeks as instructed by our government in order to help protect the vulnerable. I’m not comfortable with a two-tier society where those who do not have Covid-19 antibodies are severely restricted for potentially an extended period whilst a vaccine is developed including limited access to public spaces, unable to work etc. I don’t like any system which causes further prejudice towards certain members of society.
It may be caused by testing people late-- in Recovery... The body probably doesn't have as many GG? Anti-bodies, in the bloodstream.. (Possible, 9 day window.. Don't quote me.)
I watch your show every day- and I share with all my family and friends. We have been following it from the start in January, my partner handles the flights coming in from Heathrow. Since January. You have been brilliant at working it all out and explaining the data. Thank you so much from Clare 👍😀👍😀
attention : the results yesterday were preliminary. The answer to most questions was "we don't know yet" or "it's impossible to tell with the data we have." Biggest issues with methodology afaik: lag in time and the (lack of) laboratory conditions. Though, I think the original release is only two pages - maybe I find some time to translate and send it - transcribing the entire press conference might be a bit much but then again I don't have much else to do atm
@@tiagom.2706 If the results hold true for the rest of Germany, it is still quite encouraging that 7 times more people had it and obviously most of them didn't feel sick enough to even ask to be tested.
I'm not quite as pessimistic as that. However, the results form Heinsberg/Gangelt are probably not representative of Germany as a whole. From what I heard there's going to be another representative study with a random sample done in Munich. That may well be very interesting indeed.
We have been watching your updates since February. Just want you to know how thankful we are for you sharing your knowledge and expertise in a way we can all understand. Thank you Dr. John!!
This sounds good, but I have seen some studies showing low titers of antibodies in significant numbers of those who have been exposed to the virus. We still don't know how long the antibodies remain effective, and in how many people.
I think the antibodies take much time to form , So that the antibodies are not significant diagnosis laboratory in whole of Microbiology department except for some diseases as Malignant Malaria and so on. For this reason maybe be they find low titers in some patients.
@@LEXRAPS and still scientists in Hong Kong found 0 antibodies in some recovered covid19 patients. Not a lot.. but just a few. Edit: sorry, study was done in Shanghai: www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3078840/coronavirus-low-antibody-levels-raise-questions-about
Has anyone discussed the accuracy of the antibody tests that are being used? I assume that tests in different areas of the world are from different companies with varying levels of false negatives and positives. It would be nice to compare apples to apples and to know the statistical reliability of the tests upon which we are drawing conclusions.
@@Jen-qd7sc Doctor was discusing this in Italy this morning.To sum up two point 1: Actual antibody test are not 100 % accurate. 2 With the presence of the antibodyes in a patient, we can not assure 100% the patient is safe from corona.Patient can have a low infection of corona ,and have a second infection they think.In Italy we had one isolated village one month ago,Vo Euganeo. 3300 population,2 deaths , all 3300 tested with swab.66 was found positive asimptomatics.At asecond test , again 8 was found and after they have been heavily tested for antiboby testing.Goverment here has stopped each region to start giving immunity certificates. More studies are needed .Im not a doctor, just passing by information.
Doctor was discusing this in Italy this morning.To sum up two point 1: Actual antibody test are not 100 % accurate. 2 With the presence of the antibodyes in a patient, we can not assure 100% the patient is safe from corona.Patient can have a low infection of corona ,and have a second infection they think.In Italy we had one isolated village one month ago,Vo Euganeo. 3300 population,2 deaths , all 3300 tested with swab.66 was found positive asimptomatics.At asecond test , again 8 was found and after they have been heavily tested for antiboby testing.Goverment here has stopped each region to start giving immunity certificates. More studies are needed .Im not a doctor, just passing by information.
@@MegaPino1970 Thank you for the info! Yup, you can't tell if someone is clear of virus based on only an antibody test. And no one knows what level of antibodies makes you immune, if any. And finally, I agree, no test is 100% accurate. The question is HOW accurate are the ones in use. There is a huge difference between 90% and 98%. For instance, home pregnancy tests (not an antibody test but illustrates the importance of accuracy) are considered to be 99% accurate. That is considered very reliable. But think about that a moment. Even at 99%, that means 1 person out of 100 can get a false negative or false positive. This could be a life altering test. Similarly with the SARS-CoV 2 antibody tests. 90% would not be good enough to make decisions. Of all the companies making them, I'd like to know which ones have the closest to 100% accuracy before choosing to rely upon it for life-altering decisions such as whether to go back to work if one is an at-risk person. I hope that data will be published soon. Stay safe!
Viruses usually (but not always) mutate into a less fatal, but more easily spread, form. It's natural selection at work. Proven by the amount of retro-viral DNA still present in the human genome.
Virus mutate constantly, although these are minor changes. However, there are two strains of the virus already. Can't remember their names but there's the Chinese one (more deadly, less transmission) and another born somewhere in the international context during spread, less deaths but infects people more easily.
Thank Sir John.. An assending Arc Angel in our midst.. Humble, Honest and truthful. Good to see you golden halo/ aura shinning so brightly. Thank you Brother..
Dr. Campbell, could you please look into the timeline of the virus from the beginning? The earliest mention of the virus I could find is 16th of Nov 2019. The article was saying that the doctor in China brought attention to the virus on 3rd of Nov. The couple of people he has seen had been already ill for 10 days. So, there was community spreading in October 2019 in China. Wuhan is a big economic hub. Millions of people fly out of it to the rest of the world. Is it possible the virus is in EU a lot earlier (like November/December)? Maybe many people in EU that died were not diagnosed with Corona.
If EU had virus back in December, then when tailand discovered cases EU should also find some cases back then. Almost all early cases found outside China have direct link to Wuhan. So there is no way there were community spreading in EU in 2019.
@@allydea Even if EU wasn't testing at the beginning, other countries which did test for Coronavirus like Korea China Sigapore would find cases linking to EU if there were community spread in EU.
Very good analysis! Surely a high number of (asymptomatic or with mild symptoms) people are infected without beeing testet positive. The mentioned German Study has not been fully published yet. Also these antibody tests für SARS-Cov2 have not been widely validated yet, cross reactions can not be ruled out from a methodical standpoint. We have not enough evidence to loosen social distancing measures right now just because of suspected herd immunity. I agree we need more testing...
Well that here is I think THE most infected town in Germany . And hopefully it will stay that way. Though now there is cummunities with higher numbers than Heinsberg... unfortunately... on the other side of Germany. Northeast bavaria, Tirschenreuth Interesting aspect: both of these are near the border to other countries?!? "Tirschenreuth Fälle 928 Fälle pro 100.000 Einwohner 1.279,93 Todesfälle 61 Einwohnerzahl 72.504" (RKI dashboard) And somewhere else you have "only" 30 cases/100 000 compared to 600(sorry I thought it was more than 1000) for heinsberg and well 5000!=5% for that town (non randomly tested numbers they knew already). I think some of the local leaders disagree because they want to smash the virus and have an early victory and get back good control by testing and isolation... Giving in early and dream about herd immunity.. well for the town here it would mean youd have 4 times the amount of dead potentially. Go and explain them that now measures are lifted where they must be crazily afraid already. Many will disagree I think. 15% is not enough. And probably even 60% is not where it will end ... because after that you still have to come down in numbers of infected once you reach an Rt reproductive number of 1 (with an R0 of 3)
Dr John Campbell information is truly helpful to try to understand what is the best way to fight this pandemic I felt the need to post this video interview link by Professor Knut Wittkowski, for twenty years head of The Rockefeller University's Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, says that social distancing and lockdown is the absolutely worst way to deal with an airborne respiratory virus. The comment he made that stood out was "Well I'm not paid by the government, so I'm entitled to actually do science." I was in the frame of mind that 'herd immunity' was the wrong approach now after watching this interview I'm totally confused please watch the whole of this video and let me know how other people feel about this information "Well I'm not paid by the government, so I'm entitled to actually do science." Professor Knut Wittkowski ua-cam.com/video/lGC5sGdz4kg/v-deo.html
JC’s daily commentary and analysis clearly involves a tremendous amount of research on an ever evolving ‘story’ of the Covid pandemic. Not to mention the presentation and rendering of his vlogs, that often involve publishing two a day. So this is clearly his ‘mission’, driven by a remarkable and altruistic desire to keep us well informed, for which we are deeply grateful. Thanks again Dr John Campbell, your efforts and academic skills are truly deserving of public recognition 👍
I can't count how many times I've pointed this out, but again: this is not official goernment policy. A scientific advisor suggested this could be part of an exit strategy in a Spiegel interview, whereupon the Telegraph reported it as 'government policy in Germany'. Again: this has been discussed in expert circles in many countries because we are all looking for ways out of the lockdown. No country including my own, to my knowledge, has done it so far.
As a part of essential services, I already am carrying a piece of paper to show to the police if I'm driving on the streets after a social curfew (if one goes into effect) so I won't be ticketed.
Thanks so much for your ongoing professional and clear explanation of the Coronavirus and what we are up against. This is a trying, difficult time for everybody; from top to bottom and finding a voice of reason is almost impossible.
Trouble is it is not news, we have pretty much know this from the start, it was always obvious that the case reporting is deeply flawed and the structural weaknesses in our health care system have been plain for all to see for ten years or more. Of course the mainstream media have not helped because this little pussycat virus will not justify their hysteria.
Dr. Campbell, please discuss some of the treatments used such as plasma serum, ozone therapy, malaria meds. I have learned so much from your non-biased research. Your research and analysis of data requires a lot of time but it is so helpful to understanding and tracking this virus. Thank you.
Dr John, you are a catalyst! All of us reach a time however, when a word of encouragement really does go a long way. We want to say Thank you Dr John! The 1918 pandemic and a needless war, wiped out a generation. Many of us are beginning to see the intrinsic worth of all people, all nations of all ages and the immediate need for an end to all war. Patience and partnership will bring us together!
rbl85 It is political. All numbers are based on testing rates. All the rates a manipulated to fit narratives. Things like crashing the global economy and blaming China, or response to Russia and Saudi gas war. The people are kept in the dark and the media pushing misinformation by not explaining the significance of the data the report on.
I don't think 1000 tests is sufficient. The variation between locations, ages and male or female mean that just looking at a small sample i one location might give a false perspective. Down the road in the next town might be quite different.
@@Ben-ry1py Yes, that is the point. This small sample size can give us a look into what measures should be put in place for the entire population. What do you expect us to do? Only make recommendations to the whole population after we have tested everyone? No, that is stupid. These early, small, and controlled studies can help us plan for the entire population.
@@elijah6218 I'm not saying it isn't helpful, but one town might have 20% infection rate and another might have 7%. I'm only saying it will be much more helpful when the data is spread out geographically rather than from one town. 1000 tests from 5 cities, 200 each, would be much more applicable to the whole population than 1000 tests from one town.
@Chris Stevens yea like dr drey 🤣. I will trust this man with his PhD in nursing before any politician that naturally speak lies when their lips move. Besides, dont be an ass dude....
@Chris Stevens healthcare facilities are receiving increased funds to deal with the increased need (various needs infection control, staffing, equipment etc.) Think before you twist things.
@Chris Stevens I'm an NHS nurse you dont need to lecture me on the state of beds and staffing, thanks. The last thing we need is people spreading nonsense theories online, we need solutions to problems ASAP.
@Chris Stevens he has a PhD and is a retired teacher....you on the other hand, I suspect many be a 300 lbs basement internet warrior with mommy's okay to play on the computer 😝
South Korea's success may have something to do with the fact that they started their massive testing from an early stage of the contagion. Instead, many countries like USA, UK etc started ramping up test well into the 3rd week of transmission. That's why the South Korean model seems to have helped slow down the infection rates as well as enable them to slow down the testing rates now.
It's the same guy that says the following: "There is no significant risk of catching the disease when you go shopping. Severe outbreaks of the infection were always a result of people being closer together over a longer period of time."
Streeck is only interested in his popularity... From the beginning he took the counterpart of Drosten etc like a little child, who didn't get as much attention as he would like... Ego games are dangerous during a pandemic
@@jacjas7907 He said that his little study should be used to alter national policies. At least, it's what I read in a translation in my language of one of his speeches. He sounds ego driven to me.
@@adriantomole1019 Streeck also (subliminally) suggested that barber shops should open again because they have not found any infections which happened that way.
John, do you have an email I can reach you at? I can see you are producing several videos per day on your own. If you are interested, I’ll be more than willing to help you out with your video editing completely free of charge. You are helping so many people out so if video editing/producing is something you would like help with, to free up time for you, I will offer my services/tech help for free.
Another thing he needs help with - there are some copyright trolls --> "Whacked-out Media" who keep trying to take down his videos. I've had to request youtube investigate several times now to keep the video "Viral aerosol and surface survival" up - a personal favorite of mine for combating fake news. I'm sure they have gone after other videos as well. It's something to watch out for.
In case Dr Campbell doesn't see your comment, you can find his email address in the "About" tab of his UA-cam channel. He did mention in an earlier video that he would like help with editing.
Could you include the Netherlands? They barely test here, only when you have have to go to the hospital. Even caregivers will only get tested when they have symptoms. Otherwise the advice is: go to work. There are people dying whom medicals think they have corona but never got tested. Some die in their home alone and doctors are too late, really sad. Whole families are infected but only one person gets tested, the rest they don’t even count and as long they won’t get hospitalized then.
It is more worse than that, far worse in the netherlands. You can excuse the lack of testing, but you CANNOT excuse they way they handle the situation: sick people which would not survive a covid-19 infection are put at high, almost guarnated, risk to get exposed to covid-19 by healthcare workers. If it is to any comfort, the Netherlands is not alone in this and politicians are smooth talking the public to cover up this and their own part and responsibility of it.
Who'ever thought they would be 'teased' by diagrams from a physiology book? Not me but here I am going 'oooooooooohhhhh'. Hilarious. So appreciate your content Dr John. You sound much more lighthearted today. Love from Shoreham-By-Sea.
We don't know the accuracy of the tests being used by any of these countries of course. UK choosing not to use our kits because they are inaccurate, so what ones have these other countries got? They could be just as meaningless.
As far as I know, all antibody tests done in Germany are laboratory tests that can reach accuracies up to 99%. I can't speak for other countries of course.
@@averybaumann similar antibody tests for other deseases can reach very high accuracy, as high as 99%. I just randomly searched for a tuberculosis antibody test, it has an accuracy of 92%. Tuberculosis was known for a very long time and doesn't change much because it is bacterial but I'd still expect Covid-19 antibody tests to have a similar performance.
Dr John Campbell information is truly helpful to try to understand what is the best way to fight this pandemic I felt the need to post this video interview link by Professor Knut Wittkowski, for twenty years head of The Rockefeller University's Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, says that social distancing and lockdown is the absolutely worst way to deal with an airborne respiratory virus. The comment he made that stood out was "Well I'm not paid by the government, so I'm entitled to actually do science." I was in the frame of mind that 'herd immunity' was the wrong approach now after watching this interview I'm totally confused please watch the whole of this video and let me know how other people feel about this information link ua-cam.com/video/lGC5sGdz4kg/v-deo.html
Hey dr. Cambell. Great video as usual! You have really helped so many people see this crisis in perspective, keep it up! One request though. Could you perhaps link to the research and/or sites used in the video description? It would make it much easier for people to find the source material and add to credibility as well as get people more informed. That way everyone could easily go to the source.
The Faroe Islands (north of Scotland): 0 deaths, third consecutive day as of today with no confirmed corona-cases, 0 hospitalized (this number for the last month or so has been on average 1), and, last but not least, a large population-proportion has been tested. Thought I'd just mention this, since it has not been mentioned or covered elsewhere (in media and such), not even to a small degree as far as I know of.
Vaughan McCue you are the funniest pescatarian theoriest, I know. Thank you so much for the laughs - the Good Friday 🐟🐟in my belly are sending their regards.
If there is an effective and safe treatment developed, I would prefer that over a vaccine that is dependent on guessing the mutation that will be prevalent.
Andy Any vaccine would be based on an invariant epitope (region) of coronavirus which is common to the entire family of the virus. The amino acid sequence for most of these viruses is known. The same approach worked for the development of an effective hepatitis B vaccine. But the region chosen to use for Covid vaccine development must elicit protective antibodies. This would be determined in clinical trials.
Thank you for your continued time and efforts getting us the information we need. It is truly astonishing that 15% of people may have had this! I had a headache and sore throat for a couple of days and felt tired but didn't imagine for one minute it was Covid-19 as I had no cough or fever. Looking forward to getting this test to find out.
I genuinely think I might have had it around a month ago. Had most of the symptoms except the dry cough, it didn't clear up properly for nearly 12 days, then I had a few days respite before it came back slightly. It felt like a cold-on-steroids and I don't get things like this very often, but I have had MUCH worse illness in the past. Some people haven't felt properly good for six weeks after symptoms. I would love the antibody test.
Dr. John Campbell, thank you for continuing to produce these videos for us. You are one rare of the champions of facts and data when there is a sea of misinformation out on the internet. Your contributions to the human race is very much appreciated.
I love your videos. Would it be possible for you to cover Norway as well? Here there are reopening the kindergartens and the first 4 grades. What is your opinion on this?
Dora Jankovits Källman If we don't build immunity in the young a healthy we are just extended a few weeks of high risk for the vulnerable and extending it into the next bad season! We are harming the vulnerable So says a35 year expert epidemiologistfrom Rockefeller ua-cam.com/video/lGC5sGdz4kg/v-deo.html
Thr problem with assuming immunity, is that there are at least 3 mutations floating around (3 where discovered in Argentina), and we dont know if immunity to one guards against another.
Hi Dr John, I only came across your channel a few days ago, but find it extremely interesting and informative. The way you explain the "Science" in layman's terms is excellent. Keep up the good work 👍🏻
I was wondering if I was the only one who didn't trust Streeck.... From the beginning, I didn't like him, now I know why.... His ego games a dangerous! Let's spread this message... There are too many people who treat him like a guru
@@jacjas7907 The big problem is that you can find a so-called expert to support almost any opinion. At this time it's very difficult for ordinary people to find a serious source of information that does not pursue its own agenda. Even the classical media (TV, newspaper) seem to struggle to deliver unbiased information. Dr. Campbell is a shining light in this regard, he is not infallible, but he seems to be honest and gives his best based on current data, for which I am very grateful to him
@@hansmeier5071 The point is that I don't think he should tell the public that there is nothing to worry about in terms of smear infections. It'll be difficult enough for people to maintain social distancing and proper hand hygiene without hearing these types of messages. People have a 'status quo' bias, they want to return to their normal lives anyway. We have to ask them to take it seriously and alter their behaviour at least until a vaccine is found.
Here in South Korea, the KCDC is coming up with a new plan to begin testing even more people by using a method called "collective testing." Simply put, the test kits being used in South Korea is sensitive enough that it can be used with collective samples of multiple individuals. KCDC says a significant efficiency gain in both time and resources can be achieved by batch-testing 4~10 individuals. 1. Tests are run with vials containing samples collected from up to 10 people. 2. If the test comes up negative, then all 10 people are negative, meaning they are not infected. 3. If the test comes up positive, then at least one of those 10 people is infected. Each of those 10 people go through re-test, this time individually. This way, if you are to screen 50,000 people (let's assume only 300 out of those 50,000 are infected), instead of doing 50,000 tests, you only need to do 5000, of which 300 would be positive, meaning you only need to do 3,000 more (total of 8,000) tests to screen the entire 50,000 people. You still need to swab all 50,000 people though, so it won't save any swabs, but it can save other aspects such as testing capacity and reagent chemicals used to run tests... KCDC says it will mostly be used to help locate asymptomatic carriers by testing wider portion of population. South Korean army has already began using this method to screen the candidates entering its mandatory military service.
South korea seems to have the ONLY REAL MEDICAL SYSTEM IN THE WORLD AND THE ONLY GOVT THAT KNOWS WHAT CHINA REALLY IS.... BEWARE CHINA PEOPLE AND BUY NOTHING CHINESE NOR SUPPORT ANYONE WHO SUPPORTS CHINA IN ANY WAY SHAPE OR FORM....LIKE BASKET BALL PLAYERS
They are proposing to do the same thing in New Zealand, but 100 in the groups so they can get a really quick picture of a large subset of the population quickly. ie 4000 tests (one days lab work), can screen 400,000 people (yes you have to retest the 100 people if you get a positive result), its to get a really quick picture of if theres hidden groups/clusters in the community or have NZ managed to stamp it out.
Hello Doctor.... your videos are my favorite part of the day. I am in lockdown on the Red Cliff Chippewa Indian Reservation in Wisconsin. I have paid special attention to your comments re vitamin 'D' and am now supplementing with 10,000 i.u. per day. It is easy to obtain and inexpensive. Many thanks... this in my language is to say, "Chi Megwitch", Winisiss Wabikwe.
there has been some news from South Korea that previously discharged patients are getting infected again? or as they say virus gets reactivated.. if that is true that is very bad news? would you be able to dig some info on that? and THANK YOU! for all the work you doing! you are my main source of daily updates.
@@ivankrushensky I realize that. But just because the population is smaller doesn't really mean they're easier to test. it might take fewer tests, but it's also harder to get those tests, and to have enough doctors and facilities to administer them.
Got to ask the questions from inside my goldfish bowl. There seems to be a big difference between the outcomes for people who inhale the virus and those who ingest by contact .The second group seem to have mild and diverse symptoms over a fortnight or so .while those in the first group tend to absorb a high viral load direct to the lungs which can overwhelm the immunity. Is there any evidence for this and if so .should we have all been wearing masks and maybe washing our hands a bit less....or am I over thinking this ?
I believe it's hard for the virus to survive stomach acid, and would account for a low viral low, in my opinion. But, if you wash your hands less, and touch your eyes or nose the virus has those entry points too. Especially the nose has a direct path to the lungs
@@kumbawolf I'm hoping I already had it I was traveling this winter, and got a very bad cough and pneumonia symptoms lasting for weeks. Never had anything like it, and I was in a cruise ship. I hope antibody tests come out soon! The not knowing is the worse part. But, yes, I rather contract a small viral load and be done with it, as long as my body will produce antibodies so I can't catch it again.
Looking forward to the Stanford University antibody study. Apparently they had thousands respond who think they had this Dec to Jan. My daughter in WA and my neighbor in So. Cal both think they had it. Sicker than they ever were.
Thank you John, really appreciate your superb work. I had a question for you if I may? What are your thoughts on the latest gossip surrounding convalescent plasma as a possible COVID-19 antibody assistance? Is it possible for a video on this?
Thank you for making these videos. I spend enough time reading studies as is, at university. May I ask, could you please put the DOI to these studies in the description? I would like to review these, and send them to my peers. I know you’re probably strapped on time as is; I would greatly appreciate it if you could. Thank you again for your summations of these studies. You’re saving lives with these videos, by spreading accurate empirically obtained information, unlike the media whom seems more concerned with propagating panic to rake in viewers during this crisis.
By mid if this year Germany wants to have a fairly clear picture were the infections are, and who is immune. We do not need to wait for full herd immunization. If only 25 or 30 % can participate again on a normal life, many social structures can work again. BTW. Taiwanese doctors say the masks the WHO did not want for a long time are actually more effective than physical distancing.
@@stephenmurray2851 If it was me, and I was sure that this mask is the right type, not one against gases, and I had no other protective equipment, then I'd start to cough. In Taiwan it is an offence not wearing a mask in supermarkets or public transport. In Singapore where I live it has just now made to an offence.
Masks are a good idea in a more general sense because they offer good protection for other people if the person wearing the mask has the virus at a transmissible stage, many of whom will be unaware they are positive for coronavirus. Masks for the general public don't tend to offer much protection for the wearer though. As part of a complete system with good protocols and understanding they offer some protection to professionals. A gas mask is a bit of overkill lol but you should definitely be wearing a mask at work for your own and the customers protection. At least if things deteriorate further you can rest assured nobodies gonna catch you off guard with a surprise mustard gas attack.
@@braveheart4603 do you get masks in your country? The Chinese bought everything off the market from end of January to February. The last was the Ozzi government stopping a cargo of 100 tons protective equipment leaving from Australia to China, that was 03 of March. The only ones who knew their Chinese comrades well were the Taiwanese. They stopped exporting masks, and fixed their prices at USD 0.17.
You have been doing an amazing job! Thank you! I have a question: Patients treated with chloroquine in the early stages would become immune to this coronavirus? I ask this because if this drug allows zinc to enter the cell, preventing the reproduction of the virus, how would this affect the antibodies to fight the virus?
Sophie Robinson thanks, I’ll have a look. If patients treated with chloroquine are indeed not immune, then this would be a huge disadvantage of using this drug.
One has to understand that the numbers in Heinsberg cannot be easily generalized. In Heinsberg the outburst of people infected was very strong and quick. Another problem of this study is that the antibody-test may have generated many false positive results. We have to wait for the detailed scientific description of the study, before we can judge the value of it. I am always skeptical if scientist cannot wait until the end of an experiment, rush things and seem to be hungry for public attention (as Prof. Streeck seems to be).
Well, as Carl Sagan would say: “If we are not able to ask skeptical questions, to interrogate those who tell us that something is true, to be skeptical of those in authority, then, we are up for grabs for the next charlatan (political or religious) who comes rambling along.” Science, critical thinking, should be applied in every aspect, including information (*misinformation) given by the mass media.
anon2k10: I am not sure in which reality you live. The lockdowns in Germany started around 21st of March. Germany had just 31 accumulated deaths that time. In Berlin alone die about 100 people each day! If the politicians would have done the shutdown just a week earlier, the same people who complain today the „late reaction of the politicians“ would complain about the „over reaction of the politicians“. Italy and Spain were too late, as wasTrump and Johnson, but many other European countries were quite quick...
The one silver lining out of all of this is that I suspect in 15 years we’ll have an enormous army of virologists, epidemiologists and immunologists who were inspired to pursue their careers by this pandemic.
Let's hope those future virologists can do some good if something like this - or worse- returns within their career lifetime. Despite all the glittering science we have in being able to probe down to molecular level this virus - our only protective response to this is just to cower inside, locked inside our own houses . Pretty much like any medieval peasant response would be.
I’ve compared it to the sinking of the Titanic probably saved more lives through legislation on lifeboats so the virus will end wet markets, make people take vitamin D and kick start research into viruses and preventing pandemics.
Thank you for your expertise. How refreshing it is to hear someone say, "I don't know," and 'Here's the original -- look at it yourself." Hallmarks of expertise.
As someone who is not knowledgeable about the medical field, I really appreciate how you always explain the terms, eg “herd immunity”, “antibodies”, “antigens”, etc.
I always come away feeling smarter, and more optimistic after watching one of Dr. Campbell's videos.
Daniel Haug This is an excellent video, well put together in simple manner 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼 ua-cam.com/video/JJpt6Bse0j8/v-deo.html
Thanks a ton for your work Dr. Campbell, you've been a fantastic source of information and sanity during these trying times.
Zac Nelson - JC’s daily commentary and analysis clearly involves a tremendous amount of research on an ever evolving ‘story’ of the Covid pandemic. Not to mention the presentation and rendering of his vlogs, often 2 A day. So this is clearly his ‘mission’, driven by a remarkable and altruistic desire to keep us informed, for which we are deeply grateful. Thanks Dr John Campbell, your efforts are deserving of public recognition 👍
@Chris Stevens None of your business.
Hey Doc!! Many thanks for all of your work. From Australia.
PhD not MD!
Chas2Can ... more people in Oz should be watching Dr Campbell, rather than the sensationalised hoo ha from local media, that most peeps watch. Stay safe from Qld 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼😷
@@Jefro9 Oh yeah? He is either a underrated Doc or an overrated PhD recipient. He is an RN and very highly qualified to say the least.
In Australia we have a term... it's Fuck Off!!
Yesterday President Trump said (about mass testing), " Do you need it? No. Is it nice? Yes. We're talking 325 million people. That's not going to happen, as you can imagine." I am embarrassed for my country.
He says, "I'm quite hyped up about this." All the while he speaks in a totally serious, intellectual tone. The British are amazing😂😂😂
Dr. Campbell is chill😎
Rather, some parts of the world just don't know how ♞
Not all brits are like this lol. They have idiots too
@@blackbeard5588 Haha Brit here..sadly I agree many fuck wits unfortunately...
Stanno Max It only feels that way because countries have a larger and smaller population so the amount of idiots Is ever changing
All this time we thought it would be someone like Samuel L Jackson narrating the apocalypse like a MOFO when all along it was to be the quiet and calm British Dr.
He is the one of the only people I trust. No bovine excrement just straightforward facts.
You shouldnt trust him at all.
Unfortunetally he doesn't care about the real danger / P4 Labs & Military Bio Chemical Labs
@@brazzo975
Well, I don't trust you.
@@brazzo975 You don't have a clue what you are talking about. Are you a medical professional?
The interesting question facing all of us during these times, is, who can you believe in this new decentralised truth regime? Alternative facts and fake news are a hazard for everyone.
I think the doctor is a good example of qualities to look out for in a source.
If you need a German translator, I can do it (for free) - just let me know!
I thought about the same. If you have the time, do it.
That’s so kind of you. 💚
thank you
If he doesn’t respond to the comment, try emailing him. That would be great to get his message in different languages. 🙏🏽
Sounds good, perhaps along the lines of the Spanish versions?
Dear Doctor John, Thank you very much for taking the time to make these daily postings and share this critical information with us. You have a real talent in breaking down complex information and we are grateful for your effort.
*British man says he’s excited*
Me: *sits up in chair, and adjusts glasses with shoulder, in eager anticipation*
Turok ~ When British Dr John says "Ants in the Pants" it sure IS exciting! Don't know how I'll live without him..
You like your men excited. 🧐
@@godislove8740 who wouldn't? 😏
@@DrCatdeJong excitement is the opposite of peaceful. Boil a kettle and you'll see. Don't try it at home though 😂
@@godislove8740 technically you're right, molecules in an exighted state are boiling hot. Touché lol
You sir, deserve a knighthood for your services across the globe
For me, one of the most interesting things they mentioned was, that the amount of virus you contract at first, seems to make a difference in the outcome. I thought about that a long time ago, because many relatively young medical employees got very sick or even died... It also means masks and hygiene will make an even bigger impact.
If I get infected by 5 viruses or 50 my chances of recovering or developing antibodies will be different.
There's no concrete evidence that viral load is the cause of this, it could also be that healthcare workers are tired and overworked, which could lead to far worse outcomes for them. I also saw that a few didn't accept ventilator care early enough, because of the shortage, to preserve more for their patients. Too many variables to claim we understand this effect.
Phillippides Nutz then they died with honour to give the patients a better chance
@@devilsadvocatetrolledition3183 you spelled "killed off by lack of government action" wrong.
Paracelcus said "it is the dose that makes the poison"
Thank you Dr. Campbell for sharing every day! I look forward to it and pretty much just listen to what you have to say. The news is sometimes too confusing and hard to decipher. And for the sake of not getting too overwhelmed by it all my family pretty much just listens to you. I am not sure anyone else is going through the countries and how it is going around the world. And you explain things very well. God bless you for taking the time to do this! Valerie M. USA
John. You have been one of the most reliable and level headed sources of information I have come across in this situation. Many thanks for your podcasts and I wish you and your family the very best. Thanks for the work you've done in allaying panic, defeating the misinformation and keeping us all informed. You're a hero.
Calm and logic with no trace of panic or drama. Keep up the good work..... I hope your message is taken up internationally
Thank you for all the good info and early, level headed, risk management.
Best health and wishes to you and yours.
When this is all over John should auction that bloody fountain pen
Proceeds to WHO?
@@v73c A new WHO maybe... The old and inept version should be disbanded immediately!
@@dickie9502 Why? Do you believe Trump? I looked into it and at first WHO was not sure it was very infectious, they never said it was not dangerous, they simply did not know one way or the other. They simply did not want to cry wolf.
It is easy to say in hindsight that they should have reacted earlier. But the moment they where convinced they did tell all.
So, that Trump did not listen at first and tries to blame WHO is typically Trump, never take responsibility at all for mistakes he made.
@@Peter_Scheen Hi Peter, thanks for the reply. I hate to "believe" Trump, gives me loose bowels!!! But in reality, even a broken clock is right twice a day...
You need to ask yourself a few questions here, you need to understand Trump's point of view.
1. Should the WHO have trusted the data as provided by the CCP (Chinese Commie Party)? Considering there was no delay from the lock down of Wuhan translating into an immediate "reduction" in the Chinese death rate?
2. Knowing this, should they have DIRECTLY insisted on ACCESS to Wuhan? This is their job after all!
3. Once the CCP cancelled all internal flights (but allowed flights out of China (very EVIL)) should the WHO have immediately announced a global "CAUTION... THEIR LYING AGAIN" alert? As they lied over bird flu in 2002!
3. Dates... How well does all this ineptitude line up with what Trump ACTUALY said, and at WHAT TIME he said it????
Do YOU Peter, understand that Trump is just a PRESIDENT. He is not a virologist, he is not a Doctor, he MUST act on professional advice. That advice was not gleaned and provided by the WHO!
Peter Scheen Were you watching the WHO conferences at the end of Jan, about 20th onwards ? Did you at the same time watch social media and reports from Wuhan during that time ?
Pls let me know. I did watch them both, daily and intensely. I was certain then as I am now, that WHO allowed the spread to occur and downplayed it. Put it this way I’m not in China and I quit job on Jan 22 to isolate. 2 days later WHO advises against travel restrictions, they downplayed everything and they are even still talking crap, about masks etc. WHO and China are both very bad. And the replacement for WHO or Tedros will likely be worse as they will be full on NWO.
Watching this 11 months later, and it’s truly amazing how efficient Dr John is when explaining the key words and facts. As an educator, he is easily the best I have ever seen on UA-cam! You just have to view some of the lessons uploaded from years ago.
Quality information like this deserves recognition!
God bless you Dr John.
God bless you John. Thank you for your research and for being able to relay it for us so honestly and concisely.
Should give John a UA-camr of the Year award for 2020
An obe as this channel as be golden through these difficult time
Yes I definitely agree
@@radcow empire? 😂
No.
For sure. This is definitely a public service.
Thank you, Dr. Campbell, for the videos! Much appreciated
Hi Dr C. Thank you for your work, and greetings from Manila. As of end of day today, the Philippine government reported 4,196 confirmed cases and claims that over 23,000 tests have been administered. The figures could be wrong, but I thought you’d be interested in the discrepancy. Thanks again and all the best.
Thanks again for your easy to understand straightforward videos. You really are helping so many of us get through this time xxx
GOOD morning Dr Campbell thank you for all the good info you share.💗💛
I am uncomfortable with the idea of immunity certification, and those with immunity being allowed to work. What about those not exposed or if you are part of the 6% who don’t have detectable antibodies, or false negative results? I can just imagine the prejudice against those who don’t test positive. I can also imagine the market for fake documents that people will pay for so they can work.
Are you more uncomfortable with that, or the concept of protecting the vulnerable?
if that is so, people will try to actually get covid-19 to have a job. this idea of "letting immune people going to work" should be seen with extreme caution
Ronan Barrett I’m all for protecting the vulnerable, I’ve not left my house for 3 weeks as instructed by our government in order to help protect the vulnerable. I’m not comfortable with a two-tier society where those who do not have Covid-19 antibodies are severely restricted for potentially an extended period whilst a vaccine is developed including limited access to public spaces, unable to work etc. I don’t like any system which causes further prejudice towards certain members of society.
@@ronanbarrett4407. Let the "vulnerable" decide if they want our "protection".
It may be caused by testing people late-- in Recovery...
The body probably doesn't have as many GG? Anti-bodies, in the bloodstream..
(Possible, 9 day window.. Don't quote me.)
Thank you Dr John.
You are the only person I trust on this topic.
Thanks for putting in so much hard work for your loyal followers.
We love you 🇮🇪
Thank you for your time and effort to educate the masses. You are saving more lives than you know.
Thanks for your hard work and dedication Dr. Campbell.
you just made my day with this encouraging finding. thank you Dr. John!
I watch your show every day- and I share with all my family and friends. We have been following it from the start in January, my partner handles the flights coming in from Heathrow. Since January. You have been brilliant at working it all out and explaining the data. Thank you so much from Clare 👍😀👍😀
attention : the results yesterday were preliminary. The answer to most questions was "we don't know yet" or "it's impossible to tell with the data we have."
Biggest issues with methodology afaik: lag in time and the (lack of) laboratory conditions.
Though, I think the original release is only two pages - maybe I find some time to translate and send it - transcribing the entire press conference might be a bit much but then again I don't have much else to do atm
And also it a village that had a lot of spreading. So 15% could be there but not in all Germany. We will see.
@@tiagom.2706 If the results hold true for the rest of Germany, it is still quite encouraging that 7 times more people had it and obviously most of them didn't feel sick enough to even ask to be tested.
@@wyqtor that's true and we hope we will get those good news!
Please do translate it for the good doctor. It will be appreciated.
I'm not quite as pessimistic as that. However, the results form Heinsberg/Gangelt are probably not representative of Germany as a whole. From what I heard there's going to be another representative study with a random sample done in Munich. That may well be very interesting indeed.
Thank you for your video every day. I'm live in Spain now and you really help me understand what is happening. Thank you john
Semana Santa and the streets are deserted. That's eerie!!
Good morning Dr! You and my coffee, a great start for my day! Stay safe and well! 🙏🏼😇😘😘😘😘
Your experience in he field is appreciated greatly thanks for everything you do for humanity
Thank you as always for Sharing your experience and simple explanations. You are saving lives 🥰
We have been watching your updates since February. Just want you to know how thankful we are for you sharing your knowledge and expertise in a way we can all understand. Thank you Dr. John!!
China CCP have lied deliberately right from the start.
This sounds good, but I have seen some studies showing low titers of antibodies in significant numbers of those who have been exposed to the virus. We still don't know how long the antibodies remain effective, and in how many people.
You're talking about the study from Hong Kong right? I read that as well. With some confirmed covid19 patients they found no antibodies at all?!
I think the antibodies take much time to form , So that the antibodies are not significant diagnosis laboratory in whole of Microbiology department except for some diseases as Malignant Malaria and so on.
For this reason maybe be they find low titers in some patients.
That's what I wonder. How long will antibodies hang around, if they have nothing to do?
It’s scientifically impossible to not have antibodies after recovering from a virus
@@LEXRAPS and still scientists in Hong Kong found 0 antibodies in some recovered covid19 patients. Not a lot.. but just a few.
Edit: sorry, study was done in Shanghai:
www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3078840/coronavirus-low-antibody-levels-raise-questions-about
Has anyone discussed the accuracy of the antibody tests that are being used? I assume that tests in different areas of the world are from different companies with varying levels of false negatives and positives. It would be nice to compare apples to apples and to know the statistical reliability of the tests upon which we are drawing conclusions.
laraesque That is a very good point. These tests could destroy a study’s validity.
@@Jen-qd7sc Doctor was discusing this in Italy this morning.To sum up two point 1: Actual antibody test are not 100 % accurate. 2 With the presence of the antibodyes in a patient, we can not assure 100% the patient is safe from corona.Patient can have a low infection of corona ,and have a second infection they think.In Italy we had one isolated village one month ago,Vo Euganeo. 3300 population,2 deaths , all 3300 tested with swab.66 was found positive asimptomatics.At asecond test , again 8 was found and after they have been heavily tested for antiboby testing.Goverment here has stopped each region to start giving immunity certificates. More studies are needed .Im not a doctor, just passing by information.
Doctor was discusing this in Italy this morning.To sum up two point 1: Actual antibody test are not 100 % accurate. 2 With the presence of the antibodyes in a patient, we can not assure 100% the patient is safe from corona.Patient can have a low infection of corona ,and have a second infection they think.In Italy we had one isolated village one month ago,Vo Euganeo. 3300 population,2 deaths , all 3300 tested with swab.66 was found positive asimptomatics.At asecond test , again 8 was found and after they have been heavily tested for antiboby testing.Goverment here has stopped each region to start giving immunity certificates. More studies are needed .Im not a doctor, just passing by information.
@@MegaPino1970 Thank you for the info! Yup, you can't tell if someone is clear of virus based on only an antibody test. And no one knows what level of antibodies makes you immune, if any. And finally, I agree, no test is 100% accurate. The question is HOW accurate are the ones in use. There is a huge difference between 90% and 98%. For instance, home pregnancy tests (not an antibody test but illustrates the importance of accuracy) are considered to be 99% accurate. That is considered very reliable. But think about that a moment. Even at 99%, that means 1 person out of 100 can get a false negative or false positive. This could be a life altering test. Similarly with the SARS-CoV 2 antibody tests. 90% would not be good enough to make decisions. Of all the companies making them, I'd like to know which ones have the closest to 100% accuracy before choosing to rely upon it for life-altering decisions such as whether to go back to work if one is an at-risk person. I hope that data will be published soon. Stay safe!
Awesome news update!! Very encouraging. Thank you Dr C.
Agreed
Let's hope the virus is not going to mutate.
Great work as always doc, thank you.
Regards from Italy.
I know, i mean not a more virulent mutation.
holy moly, it's at least 40 mutations by now according to data from Island
Single-stranded RNA viruses mutate all the time.
Viruses usually (but not always) mutate into a less fatal, but more easily spread, form. It's natural selection at work. Proven by the amount of retro-viral DNA still present in the human genome.
Virus mutate constantly, although these are minor changes. However, there are two strains of the virus already. Can't remember their names but there's the Chinese one (more deadly, less transmission) and another born somewhere in the international context during spread, less deaths but infects people more easily.
I appreciate your honesty. Like a light house in a storm you give us something to look to for guidance. Thank you.
Pragmatism Ismyjam This is an excellent video, well put together in simple manner 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼 ua-cam.com/video/JJpt6Bse0j8/v-deo.html
Thank Sir John.. An assending Arc Angel in our midst.. Humble, Honest and truthful. Good to see you golden halo/ aura shinning so brightly. Thank you Brother..
Thank you for your amazing work Doctor
Dr. Campbell, could you please look into the timeline of the virus from the beginning? The earliest mention of the virus I could find is 16th of Nov 2019. The article was saying that the doctor in China brought attention to the virus on 3rd of Nov. The couple of people he has seen had been already ill for 10 days. So, there was community spreading in October 2019 in China. Wuhan is a big economic hub. Millions of people fly out of it to the rest of the world. Is it possible the virus is in EU a lot earlier (like November/December)? Maybe many people in EU that died were not diagnosed with Corona.
If EU had virus back in December, then when tailand discovered cases EU should also find some cases back then. Almost all early cases found outside China have direct link to Wuhan. So there is no way there were community spreading in EU in 2019.
@@hanselz7853 Was EU looking for cases?
@@allydea Even if EU wasn't testing at the beginning, other countries which did test for Coronavirus like Korea China Sigapore would find cases linking to EU if there were community spread in EU.
I appreciate very much your presentation of the references. It helps me in doing My own reading.
Love this man.i watch for his videos every day.. Hello Dr John from the US
Very good analysis! Surely a high number of (asymptomatic or with mild symptoms) people are infected without beeing testet positive. The mentioned German Study has not been fully published yet. Also these antibody tests für SARS-Cov2 have not been widely validated yet, cross reactions can not be ruled out from a methodical standpoint. We have not enough evidence to loosen social distancing measures right now just because of suspected herd immunity. I agree we need more testing...
Well that here is I think THE most infected town in Germany . And hopefully it will stay that way. Though now there is cummunities with higher numbers than Heinsberg... unfortunately... on the other side of Germany. Northeast bavaria, Tirschenreuth
Interesting aspect: both of these are near the border to other countries?!?
"Tirschenreuth
Fälle 928
Fälle pro 100.000 Einwohner 1.279,93
Todesfälle 61
Einwohnerzahl 72.504" (RKI dashboard)
And somewhere else you have "only" 30 cases/100 000 compared to 600(sorry I thought it was more than 1000) for heinsberg and well 5000!=5% for that town (non randomly tested numbers they knew already). I think some of the local leaders disagree because they want to smash the virus and have an early victory and get back good control by testing and isolation... Giving in early and dream about herd immunity.. well for the town here it would mean youd have 4 times the amount of dead potentially.
Go and explain them that now measures are lifted where they must be crazily afraid already. Many will disagree I think. 15% is not enough. And probably even 60% is not where it will end ... because after that you still have to come down in numbers of infected once you reach an Rt reproductive number of 1 (with an R0 of 3)
Dr John Campbell information is truly helpful to try to understand what is the best way to fight this pandemic I felt the need to post this video interview link by Professor Knut Wittkowski, for twenty years head of The Rockefeller University's Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, says that social distancing and lockdown is the absolutely worst way to deal with an airborne respiratory virus. The comment he made that stood out was "Well I'm not paid by the government, so I'm entitled to actually do science." I was in the frame of mind that 'herd immunity' was the wrong approach now after watching this interview I'm totally confused please watch the whole of this video and let me know how other people feel about this information
"Well I'm not paid by the government, so I'm entitled to actually do science." Professor Knut Wittkowski
ua-cam.com/video/lGC5sGdz4kg/v-deo.html
JC’s daily commentary and analysis clearly involves a tremendous amount of research on an ever evolving ‘story’ of the Covid pandemic. Not to mention the presentation and rendering of his vlogs, that often involve publishing two a day. So this is clearly his ‘mission’, driven by a remarkable and altruistic desire to keep us well informed, for which we are deeply grateful. Thanks again Dr John Campbell, your efforts and academic skills are truly deserving of public recognition 👍
Well said. It is exactly how I feel, from across the pond, as they say. Much gratitude!
I appreciate your time and efforts good sir, incredibly sobering and informative as always.
“Immunity certificates: to be able to return to society” - that doesn’t sound dystopian and totalitarian at all.
German efficiency - keep the wheels turning...!
Welcome to the brave new world
This measure is for saving others and saving the economy. We all have to compromise. Stop complaining about the wrong thing.
I can't count how many times I've pointed this out, but again: this is not official goernment policy. A scientific advisor suggested this could be part of an exit strategy in a Spiegel interview, whereupon the Telegraph reported it as 'government policy in Germany'.
Again: this has been discussed in expert circles in many countries because we are all looking for ways out of the lockdown. No country including my own, to my knowledge, has done it so far.
As a part of essential services, I already am carrying a piece of paper to show to the police if I'm driving on the streets after a social curfew (if one goes into effect) so I won't be ticketed.
Thanks so much for your ongoing professional and clear explanation of the Coronavirus and what we are up against. This is a trying, difficult time for everybody; from top to bottom and finding a voice of reason is almost impossible.
Early one today. Dr John itching to get us some positive news. God bless Dr John 🙏
Trouble is it is not news, we have pretty much know this from the start, it was always obvious that the case reporting is deeply flawed and the structural weaknesses in our health care system have been plain for all to see for ten years or more. Of course the mainstream media have not helped because this little pussycat virus will not justify their hysteria.
I like good news
Dr. Campbell, please discuss some of the treatments used such as plasma serum, ozone therapy, malaria meds. I have learned so much from your non-biased research. Your research and analysis of data requires a lot of time but it is so helpful to understanding and tracking this virus. Thank you.
Thank you Dr. Campbell . Greetings from Greece!
Dr John, you are a catalyst! All of us reach a time however, when a word of encouragement really does go a long way. We want to say Thank you Dr John!
The 1918 pandemic and a needless war, wiped out a generation. Many of us are beginning to see the intrinsic worth of all people, all nations of all ages and the immediate need for an end to all war. Patience and partnership will bring us together!
Dr Campbell, in France the level of testing is low because we don't have enough reagent (reactif).
it was the same in parts of australia
@Tzuede Off the Cuff nah I don't watch that fear mongering shit
We have the same problem in Ireland
rbl85
It is political. All numbers are based on testing rates. All the rates a manipulated to fit narratives. Things like crashing the global economy and blaming China, or response to Russia and Saudi gas war. The people are kept in the dark and the media pushing misinformation by not explaining the significance of the data the report on.
not enough in Malaysia too, there's 1 week left of the reagent to do 10 thousand test per day.
Thank you Dr. John for you rational analysis.
I don't think 1000 tests is sufficient. The variation between locations, ages and male or female mean that just looking at a small sample i one location might give a false perspective. Down the road in the next town might be quite different.
It's a randomized test. 1000 people just give epidemiologist more idea of what this virus is doing. It's not the full answer but it's a better answer.
@@xiondFirst the study was done in one town though. We need multiple areas to be tested to start to see the clear picture.
Ben hello
@@Ben-ry1py Yes, that is the point. This small sample size can give us a look into what measures should be put in place for the entire population. What do you expect us to do? Only make recommendations to the whole population after we have tested everyone? No, that is stupid. These early, small, and controlled studies can help us plan for the entire population.
@@elijah6218 I'm not saying it isn't helpful, but one town might have 20% infection rate and another might have 7%.
I'm only saying it will be much more helpful when the data is spread out geographically rather than from one town.
1000 tests from 5 cities, 200 each, would be much more applicable to the whole population than 1000 tests from one town.
I’ve learned so much from you. Thank you 🙏 Nurse from South Carolina
@Chris Stevens yea like dr drey 🤣. I will trust this man with his PhD in nursing before any politician that naturally speak lies when their lips move. Besides, dont be an ass dude....
@Chris Stevens healthcare facilities are receiving increased funds to deal with the increased need (various needs infection control, staffing, equipment etc.) Think before you twist things.
@Chris Stevens I'm an NHS nurse you dont need to lecture me on the state of beds and staffing, thanks. The last thing we need is people spreading nonsense theories online, we need solutions to problems ASAP.
@Chris Stevens
"A US politician"
'nuff said.
I'll get my info here.
@Chris Stevens he has a PhD and is a retired teacher....you on the other hand, I suspect many be a 300 lbs basement internet warrior with mommy's okay to play on the computer 😝
South Korea's success may have something to do with the fact that they started their massive testing from an early stage of the contagion. Instead, many countries like USA, UK etc started ramping up test well into the 3rd week of transmission. That's why the South Korean model seems to have helped slow down the infection rates as well as enable them to slow down the testing rates now.
You are a fantastic teacher, sir! Please keep it up! I look forward to your videos daily.
This study has been quite harshly criticized by other German virologists.
It's the same guy that says the following: "There is no significant risk of catching the disease when you go shopping. Severe outbreaks of the infection were always a result of people being closer together over a longer period of time."
@@adriantomole1019 Even better, he told the public in a TV-show. "We know it's not a smear infection transmitted by touching objects," 🤦♂️
Streeck is only interested in his popularity... From the beginning he took the counterpart of Drosten etc like a little child, who didn't get as much attention as he would like... Ego games are dangerous during a pandemic
@@jacjas7907 He said that his little study should be used to alter national policies. At least, it's what I read in a translation in my language of one of his speeches.
He sounds ego driven to me.
@@adriantomole1019 Streeck also (subliminally) suggested that barber shops should open again because they have not found any infections which happened that way.
John, do you have an email I can reach you at? I can see you are producing several videos per day on your own. If you are interested, I’ll be more than willing to help you out with your video editing completely free of charge. You are helping so many people out so if video editing/producing is something you would like help with, to free up time for you, I will offer my services/tech help for free.
Very sweet ..love seeing the kindness coming out of this ....
Another thing he needs help with - there are some copyright trolls --> "Whacked-out Media" who keep trying to take down his videos. I've had to request youtube investigate several times now to keep the video "Viral aerosol and surface survival" up - a personal favorite of mine for combating fake news. I'm sure they have gone after other videos as well. It's something to watch out for.
This good you do..
In case Dr Campbell doesn't see your comment, you can find his email address in the "About" tab of his UA-cam channel. He did mention in an earlier video that he would like help with editing.
Once again, thank you so much, Dr. Campbell.
Could you include the Netherlands? They barely test here, only when you have have to go to the hospital. Even caregivers will only get tested when they have symptoms. Otherwise the advice is: go to work. There are people dying whom medicals think they have corona but never got tested. Some die in their home alone and doctors are too late, really sad. Whole families are infected but only one person gets tested, the rest they don’t even count and as long they won’t get hospitalized then.
It is more worse than that, far worse in the netherlands. You can excuse the lack of testing, but you CANNOT excuse they way they handle the situation: sick people which would not survive a covid-19 infection are put at high, almost guarnated, risk to get exposed to covid-19 by healthcare workers. If it is to any comfort, the Netherlands is not alone in this and politicians are smooth talking the public to cover up this and their own part and responsibility of it.
Yes you’re right, just a cover up, they have to look good. It feels like a political game. You are absolutely right!
Who'ever thought they would be 'teased' by diagrams from a physiology book? Not me but here I am going 'oooooooooohhhhh'. Hilarious. So appreciate your content Dr John. You sound much more lighthearted today. Love from Shoreham-By-Sea.
I am excited to see the science information, too. :)
Nicola Cairncross This is an excellent video, well put together in simple manner 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼 ua-cam.com/video/JJpt6Bse0j8/v-deo.html
We don't know the accuracy of the tests being used by any of these countries of course. UK choosing not to use our kits because they are inaccurate, so what ones have these other countries got? They could be just as meaningless.
As far as I know, all antibody tests done in Germany are laboratory tests that can reach accuracies up to 99%. I can't speak for other countries of course.
we don't have a read on the immunity tests, we do know most of the early tests for infection were not accurate.
HammerTh - that’s correct. The German tests so far are all in labs
@@averybaumann similar antibody tests for other deseases can reach very high accuracy, as high as 99%. I just randomly searched for a tuberculosis antibody test, it has an accuracy of 92%. Tuberculosis was known for a very long time and doesn't change much because it is bacterial but I'd still expect Covid-19 antibody tests to have a similar performance.
Dr John Campbell information is truly helpful to try to understand what is the best way to fight this pandemic I felt the need to post this video interview link by Professor Knut Wittkowski, for twenty years head of The Rockefeller University's Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design, says that social distancing and lockdown is the absolutely worst way to deal with an airborne respiratory virus. The comment he made that stood out was "Well I'm not paid by the government, so I'm entitled to actually do science." I was in the frame of mind that 'herd immunity' was the wrong approach now after watching this interview I'm totally confused please watch the whole of this video and let me know how other people feel about this information link
ua-cam.com/video/lGC5sGdz4kg/v-deo.html
This man is a WELL of information! .... humble and intelligent... the voice of reason! Thanks, Doc!
Karen Crecco This is an excellent video, well put together in simple manner 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼 ua-cam.com/video/JJpt6Bse0j8/v-deo.html
Hey dr. Cambell. Great video as usual! You have really helped so many people see this crisis in perspective, keep it up! One request though. Could you perhaps link to the research and/or sites used in the video description? It would make it much easier for people to find the source material and add to credibility as well as get people more informed. That way everyone could easily go to the source.
John - Thank you. You are performing a valuable public service - Please keep presenting the facts. You are doing so much good.
The Faroe Islands (north of Scotland): 0 deaths, third consecutive day as of today with no confirmed corona-cases, 0 hospitalized (this number for the last month or so has been on average 1), and, last but not least, a large population-proportion has been tested. Thought I'd just mention this, since it has not been mentioned or covered elsewhere (in media and such), not even to a small degree as far as I know of.
The Faroe Islands example is so interesting! One heroic scientist saved so many lives... mobile.twitter.com/drericding/status/1248152713407463424
Send some holiday maker cruise ships there. You cannot have people being sensible at a time like this.
Vaughan McCue 😂 but this fish doctor is such a hero, I bet he would train his salmons to attack the cruise ships!
@@234picapica That is a red herring as it sounds a bit fishy.
Vaughan McCue you are the funniest pescatarian theoriest, I know. Thank you so much for the laughs - the Good Friday 🐟🐟in my belly are sending their regards.
Thank you so much for your time and knowledge Doc
You are awesome. Thanks for the in detail but easy to understand updates.
If there is an effective and safe treatment developed, I would prefer that over a vaccine that is dependent on guessing the mutation that will be prevalent.
Andy Any vaccine would be based on an invariant epitope (region) of coronavirus which is common to the entire family of the virus. The amino acid sequence for most of these viruses is known. The same approach worked for the development of an effective hepatitis B vaccine. But the region chosen to use for Covid vaccine development must elicit protective antibodies. This would be determined in clinical trials.
Effective treatment usually has higher risks. Vaccine has to be safer than medications for acute state.
Covid 19 doesn't mutate as quickly as the flu does. Look it up. It's good news!
We do have a promissing remedy.
twitter.com/NBSaphierMD/status/1245671458505924608
KittenFarm Productions hello
Your "teaser" made me laugh! You must really love science!
Thank you for your continued time and efforts getting us the information we need. It is truly astonishing that 15% of people may have had this! I had a headache and sore throat for a couple of days and felt tired but didn't imagine for one minute it was Covid-19 as I had no cough or fever. Looking forward to getting this test to find out.
Me too
I genuinely think I might have had it around a month ago. Had most of the symptoms except the dry cough, it didn't clear up properly for nearly 12 days, then I had a few days respite before it came back slightly. It felt like a cold-on-steroids and I don't get things like this very often, but I have had MUCH worse illness in the past.
Some people haven't felt properly good for six weeks after symptoms. I would love the antibody test.
Dr. John Campbell, thank you for continuing to produce these videos for us. You are one rare of the champions of facts and data when there is a sea of misinformation out on the internet. Your contributions to the human race is very much appreciated.
I love your videos. Would it be possible for you to cover Norway as well? Here there are reopening the kindergartens and the first 4 grades. What is your opinion on this?
Dora Jankovits Källman
If we don't build immunity in the young a healthy we are just extended a few weeks of high risk for the vulnerable and extending it into the next bad season! We are harming the vulnerable
So says a35 year expert epidemiologistfrom Rockefeller
ua-cam.com/video/lGC5sGdz4kg/v-deo.html
Thr problem with assuming immunity, is that there are at least 3 mutations floating around (3 where discovered in Argentina), and we dont know if immunity to one guards against another.
Hi Dr John, I only came across your channel a few days ago, but find it extremely interesting and informative. The way you explain the "Science" in layman's terms is excellent. Keep up the good work 👍🏻
My favorite teacher on the planet xxoo Ty for your hard work Dr on the daiy
This Germany study is from the same guy who told the public in a TV-show. "We know it's not a smear infection transmitted by touching objects," 🤦♂️
I was wondering if I was the only one who didn't trust Streeck.... From the beginning, I didn't like him, now I know why.... His ego games a dangerous! Let's spread this message... There are too many people who treat him like a guru
hear hear
@@jacjas7907 The big problem is that you can find a so-called expert to support almost any opinion. At this time it's very difficult for ordinary people to find a serious source of information that does not pursue its own agenda. Even the classical media (TV, newspaper) seem to struggle to deliver unbiased information. Dr. Campbell is a shining light in this regard, he is not infallible, but he seems to be honest and gives his best based on current data, for which I am very grateful to him
Well, actually he's right. According to Kekule for instance smear infection plays only a minor role, he guessed something like 10% at most.
@@hansmeier5071 The point is that I don't think he should tell the public that there is nothing to worry about in terms of smear infections. It'll be difficult enough for people to maintain social distancing and proper hand hygiene without hearing these types of messages. People have a 'status quo' bias, they want to return to their normal lives anyway. We have to ask them to take it seriously and alter their behaviour at least until a vaccine is found.
Here in South Korea, the KCDC is coming up with a new plan to begin testing even more people by using a method called "collective testing."
Simply put, the test kits being used in South Korea is sensitive enough that it can be used with collective samples of multiple individuals. KCDC says a significant efficiency gain in both time and resources can be achieved by batch-testing 4~10 individuals.
1. Tests are run with vials containing samples collected from up to 10 people.
2. If the test comes up negative, then all 10 people are negative, meaning they are not infected.
3. If the test comes up positive, then at least one of those 10 people is infected. Each of those 10 people go through re-test, this time individually.
This way, if you are to screen 50,000 people (let's assume only 300 out of those 50,000 are infected), instead of doing 50,000 tests, you only need to do 5000, of which 300 would be positive, meaning you only need to do 3,000 more (total of 8,000) tests to screen the entire 50,000 people. You still need to swab all 50,000 people though, so it won't save any swabs, but it can save other aspects such as testing capacity and reagent chemicals used to run tests...
KCDC says it will mostly be used to help locate asymptomatic carriers by testing wider portion of population.
South Korean army has already began using this method to screen the candidates entering its mandatory military service.
South korea seems to have the ONLY REAL MEDICAL SYSTEM IN THE WORLD AND THE ONLY GOVT THAT KNOWS WHAT CHINA REALLY IS.... BEWARE CHINA PEOPLE AND BUY NOTHING CHINESE NOR SUPPORT ANYONE WHO SUPPORTS CHINA IN ANY WAY SHAPE OR FORM....LIKE BASKET BALL PLAYERS
They are proposing to do the same thing in New Zealand, but 100 in the groups so they can get a really quick picture of a large subset of the population quickly. ie 4000 tests (one days lab work), can screen 400,000 people (yes you have to retest the 100 people if you get a positive result), its to get a really quick picture of if theres hidden groups/clusters in the community or have NZ managed to stamp it out.
The koreans are amazing. Extremely intelligent, democratic and love the way they are systematically approaching this problem.
@ Sislertx . Your keyboard caps lock is on . Just saying .
Hello Doctor.... your videos are my favorite part of the day. I am in lockdown on the Red Cliff Chippewa Indian Reservation in Wisconsin. I have paid special attention to your comments re vitamin 'D' and am now supplementing with 10,000 i.u. per day. It is easy to obtain and inexpensive. Many thanks... this in my language is to say, "Chi Megwitch", Winisiss Wabikwe.
there has been some news from South Korea that previously discharged patients are getting infected again? or as they say virus gets reactivated.. if that is true that is very bad news? would you be able to dig some info on that? and THANK YOU! for all the work you doing! you are my main source of daily updates.
Iceland has tested 10% of their entire population already.
So 10 people? Great.
@@ivankrushensky 360k population.
@@eugenes9751 lol....the number 10 was a joke; but seriously....their entire population is lower than most cities, so much easier to test 10%.
@@ivankrushensky I realize that. But just because the population is smaller doesn't really mean they're easier to test. it might take fewer tests, but it's also harder to get those tests, and to have enough doctors and facilities to administer them.
Namaste Doctor! Happy Good Friday
@kokakolaveri i know.. But that sacrifice brought happiness to our lives, didn't it?
Love the hand motions! So clearly how this works.
You're wonderful doctor. Thank you!
Got to ask the questions from inside my goldfish bowl.
There seems to be a big difference between the outcomes for people who inhale the virus and those who ingest by contact .The second group seem to have mild and diverse symptoms over a fortnight or so .while those in the first group tend to absorb a high viral load direct to the lungs which can overwhelm the immunity.
Is there any evidence for this and if so .should we have all been wearing masks and maybe washing our hands a bit less....or am I over thinking this ?
Andrew Trim that makes a lot of sense
Washing hands less... You might want to think that one over again.
I believe it's hard for the virus to survive stomach acid, and would account for a low viral low, in my opinion. But, if you wash your hands less, and touch your eyes or nose the virus has those entry points too. Especially the nose has a direct path to the lungs
With all these talk of viral load, I'm thinking give me some of them in low dose and get this done and over with.
@@kumbawolf I'm hoping I already had it I was traveling this winter, and got a very bad cough and pneumonia symptoms lasting for weeks. Never had anything like it, and I was in a cruise ship. I hope antibody tests come out soon! The not knowing is the worse part. But, yes, I rather contract a small viral load and be done with it, as long as my body will produce antibodies so I can't catch it again.
Looking forward to the Stanford University antibody study. Apparently they had thousands respond who think they had this Dec to Jan. My daughter in WA and my neighbor in So. Cal both think they had it. Sicker than they ever were.
Thank you John, really appreciate your superb work. I had a question for you if I may?
What are your thoughts on the latest gossip surrounding convalescent plasma as a possible COVID-19 antibody assistance? Is it possible for a video on this?
Thank you for making these videos. I spend enough time reading studies as is, at university. May I ask, could you please put the DOI to these studies in the description? I would like to review these, and send them to my peers. I know you’re probably strapped on time as is; I would greatly appreciate it if you could. Thank you again for your summations of these studies. You’re saving lives with these videos, by spreading accurate empirically obtained information, unlike the media whom seems more concerned with propagating panic to rake in viewers during this crisis.
By mid if this year Germany wants to have a fairly clear picture were the infections are, and who is immune.
We do not need to wait for full herd immunization. If only 25 or 30 % can participate again on a normal life, many social structures can work again.
BTW. Taiwanese doctors say the masks the WHO did not want for a long time are actually more effective than physical distancing.
Yes exactly. I have a gas mask and yet am not allowed to wear it at work despite working in a supermarket that is ultra busy right now.
@@stephenmurray2851 If it was me, and I was sure that this mask is the right type, not one against gases, and I had no other protective equipment, then I'd start to cough.
In Taiwan it is an offence not wearing a mask in supermarkets or public transport. In Singapore where I live it has just now made to an offence.
@@krollpeter Oh it is. It's a military mask. That was the issue. They said wearing masks upsets customers.
Masks are a good idea in a more general sense because they offer good protection for other people if the person wearing the mask has the virus at a transmissible stage, many of whom will be unaware they are positive for coronavirus. Masks for the general public don't tend to offer much protection for the wearer though. As part of a complete system with good protocols and understanding they offer some protection to professionals. A gas mask is a bit of overkill lol but you should definitely be wearing a mask at work for your own and the customers protection. At least if things deteriorate further you can rest assured nobodies gonna catch you off guard with a surprise mustard gas attack.
@@braveheart4603 do you get masks in your country? The Chinese bought everything off the market from end of January to February. The last was the Ozzi government stopping a cargo of 100 tons protective equipment leaving from Australia to China, that was 03 of March.
The only ones who knew their Chinese comrades well were the Taiwanese. They stopped exporting masks, and fixed their prices at USD 0.17.
You have been doing an amazing job! Thank you!
I have a question:
Patients treated with chloroquine in the early stages would become immune to this coronavirus? I ask this because if this drug allows zinc to enter the cell, preventing the reproduction of the virus, how would this affect the antibodies to fight the virus?
Fabio Frota No, chloroquine does not provide immunity. Search Chubbyemu's channel. He recently produced a video on the effects.
Sophie Robinson thanks, I’ll have a look. If patients treated with chloroquine are indeed not immune, then this would be a huge disadvantage of using this drug.
Thank you, Dr. John!
Thank you for your continuous support John
One has to understand that the numbers in Heinsberg cannot be easily generalized. In Heinsberg the outburst of people infected was very strong and quick. Another problem of this study is that the antibody-test may have generated many false positive results. We have to wait for the detailed scientific description of the study, before we can judge the value of it. I am always skeptical if scientist cannot wait until the end of an experiment, rush things and seem to be hungry for public attention (as Prof. Streeck seems to be).
Well, as Carl Sagan would say:
“If we are not able to ask skeptical questions, to interrogate those who tell us that something is true, to be skeptical of those in authority, then, we are up for grabs for the next charlatan (political or religious) who comes rambling along.”
Science, critical thinking, should be applied in every aspect, including information (*misinformation) given by the mass media.
Just 'always sceptical' will do for now.
anon2k10: So you call three studies, with much more potential to draw conclusions from "too little"?
anon2k10: Easy said with hindsight.
anon2k10: I am not sure in which reality you live. The lockdowns in Germany started around 21st of March. Germany had just 31 accumulated deaths that time. In Berlin alone die about 100 people each day! If the politicians would have done the shutdown just a week earlier, the same people who complain today the „late reaction of the politicians“ would complain about the „over reaction of the politicians“. Italy and Spain were too late, as wasTrump and Johnson, but many other European countries were quite quick...