The $21,000,000,000 hole in Texas
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- Опубліковано 19 тра 2024
- So there's this hole in Texas...This is a story about the greatest failure in American physics: The Superconducting Super Collider. This video is a super-sized compilation of all three parts of America's Missing Collider, from the Ronald Reagan era, to George Bush Sr., to Bill Clinton.
You can also watch this video ad-free on Nebula: nebula.tv/videos/bobbybroccol...
My Twitter and Patreon:
/ bobbybroccole
/ bobbybroccoli
Thumbnail created by @ChipmunkuChan
The primary source on all things SSC is the fantastic book "Tunnel Visions", which I used as a blueprint to map out the series. Details involving budgets and congressional votes I accessed from the official government websites, and inflation calculations were done by myself using an online tool. There are a bunch of other documents I read through such as "The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense", "A TIMELINE OF MAJOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS", "United States nuclear forces, 2019", "High Energy Physics Advisory Panel's Subpanel on Vision for the Future of High-Energy Physics May 1994", "The Intellectual Spoils of War? Defense R&D, Productivity and International Spillovers", "Accessory to War by Neil DeGrasse Tyson", "The Mission" by David W Brown, "The God Particle (The Higgs boson) by Leon Lederman".
Music by @WhiteBatAudio unless otherwise noted:
Part 1:
Brave New World
Endless Night
Home
Arcadia
Rain City
Forgotten Planet
Edge of Tomorrow
Night Crawler
Black Rainbows
Empty City
The Drop
Virtual Death
Prince of Darkness
Astral Projection
Afterglow
Hackers
Part 2:
Tryst by @REPULSIVE
Alliance
Moonlight
Endless Night
The Drop
Agent Cooper
The Heist
Last Stop
Empty City
New Beginnings
Sentimental
Mysterious Green Fluid
Sycophant
Virtual Death
Lucid Dream
Echoes
Crash Site
Night of the Creeps
Dangerous
Part 3:
Fortress Europe by Futuremono
Akanes Regret by @REPULSIVE
Dangerous
Miami Sky
The Showdown
The Night Dweller
Slasher
The Guardian
The Traveler
Nightscapes
Melt
Credits song: Hard Times Come Again No More by the Westerlies
0:00 Part 1: Reagan
1:02:52 Part 2: Bush
2:13:06 Part 3: Clinton - Наука та технологія
Since this series originally released Roy Schwitters has since passed away. RIP
Footnotes: Part 1
1. All monetary values have been adjusted for inflation and are expressed in constant 2021 US dollars. I’ve researched to the best of my ability based on the dates and values I was able to find, but there are likely a few instances where the inflation calculation is off by a year or two. However, the orders of magnitude are what’s important in this story, and minor calculation mistakes should not detract from the story. Occasionally I will reference funding for Fiscal Year 19XX. For example, Fiscal Year 1989, this refers to funding allocated by congress in 1988, but which was made available to the project in 1989.
2. I often use the terms “accelerator” and “collider” interchangeably. It would be most accurate to say that all colliders are accelerators, but not vice versa. Colliders are any device that speed up two beams of charged particle going opposite directions, and smash them into each other.
Edit: "Most modern accelerators tend to be colliders." I read this line somewhere (or some variation of it) and as pointed out to me it is likely not correct.
3. Oftentimes particle physicists will express a particle mass in terms of electron volts, or eV. This is because mass is directly related through E= mc^2, and is the widely adopted convention. The total collision energy that can be generated by a collider is often much higher than the mass of a particle that the collider is trying to create. This is because much of the collision energy is lost in the collision to other factors, and only a small amount goes towards the creation of a new particle.
Edit: The point regarding total collision energy far exceeding the particle energy is only true for hadron colliders, not all colliders (i.e. lepton colliders).
4. I’m making a lot of generalizations when boiling collider design down to just 3 components. The balancing act between collider size, magnet strength, and max energy is also a simplified picture, but mostly holds true. For further reading look up braking radiation or Bremsstrahlung radiation and how it limits collider design.
5. Although it’s called the November Revolution, the work leading up to the joint discovery took place over the summer at both SLAC and Brookhaven. And the standard model was first shown off at a conference in July. The November part comes from the joint announcement on November 11th. If you know your science history you may know that evidence of the 3-quark model actually dates back as far as 1968, however even though it was enough to convince some physicists there were still some conflicting interpretations, with many preferring Feynman’s model. It was the discovery of the charm quark in 1974 though that united most of the community on the quark model.
6. Also as a point of clarification, the particle discovered in the November Revolution was a hybrid particle consisting of the charm quark and its antimatter equivalent. This bound state is known as a meson, and it’s the meson that was named J/Psi, not the quark on its own. The meson’s discovery was considered sufficient evidence for the 4th quark, hence why it was such a big deal. For reference, a hadron is any combination of two or more quarks, which can be further categorized into mesons and baryons. Mesons consist of even numbers of quarks and anti-quarks, most often 1 and 1. Baryons consist of odd numbered quark combinations, and include protons and neutrons, among many more exotic ones.
7. I considered including the hypothetical graviton to the standard model as it would be the boson that mediates the force of gravity. However I’ve found that many versions of the standard model exclude it as there have been no successful attempts at unifying gravity and quantum mechanics as of yet. Since it never comes back into the story I decided it was better to leave it out.
8. The cost to build America’s previous 4 major accelerators are difficult to estimate as some were built at pre-existing labs, and others from the ground up. However regardless of how the costs are calculated they were still “baby” machines in comparison to the proposed SSC. Also, I mention that the old colliders never crossed the billion dollar threshold, they technically go past 1 billion now if you adjust for inflation in 2021 US dollars, but just barely.
9. Reagan’s plan to eliminate the Department of Energy was not as simple as just eliminating it, as its functions would have to be absorbed by other departments. Pitches were put forward for the department of the interior and the department of commerce to take over responsibilities, even including control of the nuclear arsenal believe it or not. However the plan ran out of steam as eliminating the DoE required a review of the department’s performance to be submitted to congress, and ultimately it was found that the DoE was meeting its objectives. Additionally, with no more urgent energy crisis, and no clear plan for what to do with the nukes, it would have been a tough fight with congress, and Reagan had other policy battles to fight. And besides that, Reagan was mostly able to achieve his energy policy goals without eliminating the department, namely: deregulation, prioritizing the private sector, and eliminating renewables research in favour of fossil fuels and nuclear.
10. The end of the SDI program (Star Wars) is hard to pin down, mostly because it was never officially cancelled, just renamed, repurposed, and scaled back. I think most would agree though that 1993 was the last year that Reagan’s original vision for SDI died. This is similar to what happened with the Space Station Freedom project. Some figures place the total cost of SDI as low as $30 billion, some put it as high as $200 billion if you consider its spiritual successor programs as continuations. My $60 billion figure is based on the confirmed congressional budgetary appropriations since its announcement in 1983 and cancellation in 1993.
11. To consider the Reagan admin as “peacetime” you have to neglect the Iran Contra scandal, bombing Lybia, funding the Mujahideen, chemical weapons sales to Iraq, the invasion of Grenada, etc. etc.
12. The most expensive skyscraper, stadium and bridge from my research were, respectively: The One World Trade Center, SoFi Stadium, and the East Oakland Bay Bridge.
Footnotes part 2:
1. All monetary values have been adjusted for inflation and are expressed in constant 2021 US dollars. I’ve researched to the best of my ability based on the dates and values I was able to find, but there are likely a few instances where the inflation calculation is off by a year or two. However, the orders of magnitude are what’s important in this story, and minor calculation mistakes should not detract from the story. Occasionally I will reference funding for Fiscal Year 19XX. For example, Fiscal Year 1989, this refers to funding allocated by congress in 1988, but which was made available to the project in 1989. Regarding the votes in congress a lightbulb that is neither green nor red is someone who did not vote on a given bill or amendment. For the maps of state voting patterns an un-lit state is not one that abstained from voting, but rather a tie between aye and nay votes.
2. As some have pointed out in the comments, Waxahachie is pronounced more like WOX than WAX. Another one of my classic mispronunciations. Alternatively, you can view this as an immersive intentional mistake, as a city slicker unfamiliar with the region much like the many East and West coast academics who had to uproot their lives to move to the middle of nowhere.
3. The Desertron nickname for the SSC existed several years before the Texas site was chosen, as a collider of such a massive size would likely require an empty and vast environment to build it. The name still stuck around, despite the fact that Waxahachie isn’t really a desert. It’d be more accurate to call it the Prairietron.
4. One thing to note about Texas in congress is that it lost a couple of its key members during the life of the SSC. Speaker of the house Jim Wright resigned due to an ethics investigation, and Lloyd Bentsen left the senate to be Bill Clinton’s treasury secretary.
5. As a general note I do my best to find period-appropriate photos of everyone in the story, but some individuals are hard to track down online. They may have photos from very recently, or when they were very young, or even none at all. You may also notice that some of the C-SPAN clips are out of chronological order, they have been edited this way for clarity. Some amendment and bill debates were uneventful, and some were explosive. I wanted to prioritize the memorable one-liners that summarize the different sides of the issue.
6. I meant to say Ellis district for Joe Barton’s district. I confused it with the town of Ennis which is in the same county.
7. Doug Pewitt was not named acting project manager the first time on paper, but in terms of his responsibilities he basically was.
8. Although Edward Siskin and Joseph Cipriano were both effectively operating outside the management chain by reporting directly to Admiral Watkins, Edward Siskin was on-paper a member of the SSC’s on-site management team, whereas Cipriano was the project manager at the DOE’s site office for the SSC. Past DOE projects had separate DOE offices to oversee large scale projects like this, but in this case Cipriano was given much more authority than normal that let him completely take over contracts.
9. After his very brief tenure as acting project manager Theodore Kozman replaced Helen Edwards as head of accelerators. Tom Bush would later be named an associate director of the SSC lab. Paul Reardon and Edward Siskin eventually agreed to have Reardon step aside as project manager for a different role. There was lots of other managerial positions I did not have time to mention in this video, so I focused mainly on the top level positions with a high turnover.
10. It was technically the outgoing Reagan admin who pushed for the Ronald Reagan National Accelerator name, but the Bush admin didn’t press the issue.
11. Robert Hunter was technically an appointment from the Reagan admin, and thus was not immediately replaced when Bush took office. He was not pushed to resign solely over the SSC, he also had controversial recommendations for the country’s nuclear fusion programs which would result in different types of fusion research competing for funding under the DOE budget. For this, and the disputes over the SSC, he was publicly criticized by several important members of congress, leading Bush and Watkins to ask him to resign to avoid further embarrassment.
12. This is a random piece of trivia unrelated to the story but Congressman Tom Bevill has the bizarre honour of being the first person to answer a 9-1-1 emergency call. The system was developed in Alabama and he answered the ceremonial kick-off call.
13. A bit of a mistake on my part, I reference bill H.R. 4380 (the Supercollider authorization act of 1990) as being introduced by Boehlert. He introduced amendment 434 to it which contained the requirement for foreign funding, in addition to a bunch of other things in the actual bill itself. Both the bill and his amendment passed the house, neither made it through the senate as described in the video.
14. I realized there is a bit of an audio mistake when I mentioned a pair of short hot-conflicts when I really only talk about one. Originally I had included a small section on the invasion of Panama in 1989, but I ultimately cut it because it messed with the pacing. But to summarize: Bush was fed up with the military dictator Manuel Noriega laundering money Colombian drug cartels and US forces stormed the capital to oust him, killing anywhere between 300-600 civilians in the process, angering the international community. The buried-lead here is that Noriega was in fact a paid CIA collaborator in the past, and the CIA had been aware of his crimes since the 1970s, and they only turned on him when he was started antagonizing the US.
15. The first Japanese-US summit I show in Q2 of 1990 actually occurred when Japanese PM Uno was still in power.
16. Japan was in a weird spot in terms of the Gulf War. They gave billions of dollars to the war effort but were heavily criticized for not participating, but they were limited by their post world war 2 constitution due to its non aggression clause. Japan eventually ended up sending part of its navy fleet to do minesweeping, which opened the door to Japan participating in anything the UN deemed as “peacekeeping”.
17. With regards to the Japan’s dominance in microelectronics, I use the vague term of “semiconductor market share” when I could have been more specific. It’s my understanding the 100% to 5% decrease for the US in just over a decade is for the world share of merchant semiconductor firms, i.e. firms that sell chips to other companies. This does not include captive firms, i.e. vertically integrated companies such as IBM which make chips for internal use in other products. A better comparison might be DRAM, where the US went from having a 70% market share of to 20%, and Japan went from 30% to 75% in the same period.
18. EDIT from a commenter: 36:30 You don't need to get to room temperature to ditch the very expensive helium cooling. Atmospheric pressure liquid nitrogen cooling is a lot easier and cheaper than helium. YBCO super conductors where the first ones that really broke through the magic 77K "high-T" barrier that makes cooling them with LN2 possible and they are a late 80s development. While so far (as far as I'm aware) no particle collider has been developed using high T super conductors, an argument could be made that the SSC should have been the project to do that in.
Footnotes Part 3:
1. The clip where Dale Bumpers is shouting out cost estimates would have been in 1993 US dollars, so basically double what he was saying there to get a rough idea.
2. I’ve seen two slightly different vote counts on the Slattery amendment listed on the official US government website. The first one was 280 to 150 and the second was 280 to 140. The limited information on the government website implies that the Slattery amendment was first voted on in conjunction with some other amendments and that someone requested a dedicated vote on it. The vote totals are basically the same, except with some pro SSC votes simply abstaining the 2nd time.
3. In 1990 there was an amendment attached to the SSC authorization bill that would have guaranteed Texas a full refund if the SSC was cancelled. This amendment did not pass. The matter of Texas getting a refund was contentious for years and it’s miraculous it eventually did get one.
4. I call Johnnie Bryan Hunt comically Texan, but he was in fact from Arkansas.
5. The luminosity design target for the SSC varies depending on who you ask, anywhere from 10^33 cm^-2 s^-1 to 10^34 (a range with a factor of 10). Either estimate was considered very optimistic, as it would be difficult to actually meet this target because of how the SSC was designed. The magnets in the injection sequence would have had to been optimized individually. The LHC was designed with high luminosity in mind, and even then struggled for may years to reach its target. I think it’s fair to assume the SSC would have struggled even more to meet its target.
6. In the video I show a total of 1232 magnets for the LHC, this is in fact just the number of dipole magnets, i.e. the super strong ones used to bend the particle beams). There are also around 474 quadrupole magnets used to squeeze the beams. In total (counting both superconducting and non-superconducting magnets) the LHC has around 9000 magnets in use.
7. The LHC concept may date as far back as 1977, when former CERN director Sir John Adams discussed the possibility a high energy underground collider.
8. Adjusted for inflation and cost overruns the LHC cost about 8 billion in 2021 US dollars. This is roughly double the money that was actually spent on the SSC.
9. The LHC’s first collisions were on November 23rd 2009 at a paltry 0.9 TeV. In early 2010 they had cranked this up to 7 TeV, over three times higher than the record set by the TeVatron. However because the luminosity of the LHC was still so low the TeVatron had a fighting chance because its luminosity had been carefully calibrated for many years.
10. The max collision energy of hadron colliders are often much much higher than the mass/energy of the particles that are being created, as only a small portion of the total collision actually gets turned into the new particle. So although the LHC was designed to go up to 14 TeV, the detected Higgs mass was only 0.125 TeV, you have to overshoot your target.
RIP to Roy
I'm not reading all that but rip
RIP Roy, and thanks for uploading this as one video Bobby!
Watkins is a funny character in my opinion because 3 times he was put in a position he was absolutely unqualified for or ideologically unaligned with but still tried his best to do something about it.
He Should Not Have Been There but he tried his best and you can't say that he was trying to fail anything he was head of
He was a hard-working and committed American Catholic, GODDAMMIT!!
Right?? Good guy 😂
@@MinarrealIsn't "goddammit" considered "using the Lord's name in vain" to Christians? Genuinely curious. If so then maybe your comment is a joke that only went partially over my head haha.
Well, that's the sign of a true professional.
"He became non-linear" that is a new type of anger, imagine being so angery you cause a time paradox.
Or just a time loop. Talk about not being able to get over something.
Or just a time loop. Talk about not being able to get over something.
Or just a time loop. Talk about not being able to get over something.
Or just a time loop. Talk about not being able to get over something.
Or just a time loop. Talk about not being able to get over something.
"If you don’t hate Ronald Reagan, you don’t know enough about Ronald Reagan."
This is so true.
To little, to late, colonizer.
He liked Thatcher. Enough said
One of the saddest parts is the ending about Lederman. The whole video is talking about projects in the tens of millions to billions of dollars, but we can't spare even a tiny tiny fraction of that to help one the greatest minds cover his medical expenses. This truly is a country of all time.
Not me in tears when I read at the end 😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭
They're poisoning us for profit and control while they get rich!! Stealing free energy from mother earth for decades!!!
We can't even spare a tiny portion of our money to help out the homeless, starving, and addicts, and such. Its just expected at this point. To hear a conservative argue that the money was needed elsewwhere was hilarious as well because we all know that money was never going to come back to the people. Also the fact that the other side was arguing we had to do because Murica had to be first is a joke. First in everything except taking care of its people. It kinda just goes to show this only got funded to begin with because it would make America look better on the outside. They also had to bold face lie about the benefits this would have for humanity to get more money as well promising to help it cure cancer (it never did). As much as I love science this whole project was a disaster even without government interference. The politics of it all is just depressing. Also there were tons of people who were made homeless, had to move or had their living expenses sky rocket just because this project got funded in that area.
I came to the comments JUST to say this exact thing. We need to do better.
And there are people in the comments saying things like: "It's his fault for not planning for medical expenses. He should have had insurance. Kinda strange that someone like him couldn't pay for that." No one even understands how pathetic America's economy is when it comes to the people.
I forgot how this one ended since I last watched it, hope the SSC stays funded and they get it built and everyone is happy and Admiral Watkins stays linear the whole way through!
Sadly, I think the derivative of Admiral Watkins does not remain constant with respect to time throughout this series -_-
@@myrus5722 spoiler alert D:
Third try's the charm, they'll make it this time!
Stop watching, there’s no point you’ve predicted the ending
@@jonathanspears3484 I thought Psi was the charm
That part in the beginning about Ting and Richter both presenting Psi/J together always makes me smile. I half-expected there to be a competition over it, but... the fact that they choose to share it and call it by both names is just... really nice, yknow?
Right? It's usually a battle of huge egos.
This type of cooperation is nearly impossible today😢
@@briandbeaudin9166stfu, that was a rare exception
@@briandbeaudin9166i mean this respectfully but fucking no it isnt. As long as people have empathy this kind of thing will always be possible.
@@briandbeaudin9166yeah nobel prizes are never shared these days.... Muppet
Watkins: "I am completely unqualified for this."
Also Watkins: *throws his being into said work to try his best*
This comment straight from ohio 💀😭💀
Gets us every time.
@@merucrypoison296 this is nonsensical. try being funny.
@@merucrypoison296youtube shorts ahh comment 😭😭😭
@@salamantics we ohio posters are white lol.
Leon lederman having to sell his nobel prize is just tragic.
as a texan, i can confirm that there are $21,000,000,000 holes in everyone's backyard
that’s how they get you. they don’t have taxes for a reason
back in mississippi we only got $3,000 dollar holes (yeeeehaw)
Everyone in this thread talkin 'bout their mamas.
@@cf453 then it’d be about 20, none of this 100+ shit
@@thehashira6383 I like you.
Former physicist from the 90s here. Just wanted to give you some kudos on the presentation here, you captured the (defeated) spirit of the US particle physics community well.
Former physicist from the 90s here as well, I don't remember you.
@@JulesEG97 Former physicist from the 80s here, I do not recall either of you, however I was before your time.
As a theoretical particle I can confirm the physicists are disappointed
i saw Your pfp and thought You were me :p
@@JulesEG97Totally this exebits how psychotic and idiotic Ronald Reagan was, that psychopath literally spit in Russia,s Faces out of pure hatred, The soviets made many attempts to be friends to America, but monsters like Reagan were mass murdering hate mongers who rather USA people to Punk Russia. I wish the attempt to murder Reagan had succeeded. Reagan was a TRUE PSYCHOPATH and BASELY who was Senile when elected and idiotic senile . You young people are idiots I WAS VERY MUCH ALIVE WHEN PSYCHOPATH REAGAN WAS ELECTED- HE WAS ELECTED BASICALLY BY CHRISTIANS
“They had to make a deal with the devil” with a quick pan over to Reagan is INSPIRED. Incredible stuff
So awesome maybe the best smartest most clever thing ever!!! Lol clown
@@RogueTheology man ur comment history is a comedy goldmine
Truly. We have 2 entire videos on how Reagan fucked over the country and this guy still doesn't realize what's wrong about Reagan
I knew finding the Higgs Boson was a big deal and now I know *why*.
There are so many points in this story where I'm like "Yeaaah, we got this!" And then I'm like "Wait! No! Stop making the bad choices!"
What exactly has finding the Higgs Bose and particle done for the world in general?
The answer is nothing other than get a few scientists on the back.
The Higgs Bosson particle does nothing for real world issues.
Welcome to learning about America in the 1980s. It's a rabbit hole without end of "Why are you making such bad choices and when do you plan to stop?"
Fr, I’m not even American but I was kinda cheering for the SSC
This is what makes being American so hard. You wanna root for us but the people leading the way are mostly people with terrible decision making skills (or who are actively malicious) and you can’t do anything about it usually even though there’s the illusion of being able to dangled over your head.
So many anti-science people who was too emotional and stopped the project which also leads to defunding all other sciences because of lack of faith in the scientific community.
I grew up in Waxahachie and it is really interesting how this project changed the area and people's lives even though it wasn't completed. So many people threw everything at this project that many choose to stay. My chemistry professor was one of those people.
We used to drive through Waxahachie several times a year on our way to and from Houston. It was a cozy little place on a two-lane highway. I wish it hadn't changed.
I’m just glad he finally said Waxahachie correctly at the end of the video. My uncle was one of the surveyors making sure the tunnel stayed on line. He was always amazed by what they were doing to make it happen.
I am 50 yo and was raised in Waxahachie too. I was a Jr. High and High school student when this all was going on. Many or my friends were forced to move due to this project. Later in my 20s after it was abandoned I moved out in the area. This thing changed a lots of lives forever.
I grew up there as well, JH/HS when this all went down.
Hauntedhillbilly, I probably went to HS with you, and also like you, moved to Appalachia as well.
@@timetravelhomestead I graduated WHS in 1991 and currently live in East Tennessee, what about yourself?
Part 1 - Reagan
0:00:00 - Chapter 1: The November Revolution
0:11:47 - Chapter 2: How the sausage gets made
0:22:53 - Chapter 3: Mount Gipper
0:37:09 - Chapter 4: Maury, Magnets and Mayhem
0:44:43 - Chapter 5: Nothing Personal
0:52:48 - Chapter 6: The Great American Lottery
Part 2 - Bush
1:02:53 - Chapter 7: Call Me Tex
1:14:03 - Chapter 8: The Revolving Door
1:21:20 - Chapter 9: All Hands On Deck
1:33:11 - Chapter 10: The Three Pronged Attack
1:49:43 - Chapter 11: Burning Bridges, Mending Fences
2:02:12 - Chapter 12: Swords Drawn
Part 3 - Clinton
2:13:07 - Chapter 13: The Day Physics Ended
2:16:17 - Chapter 14: Revenge of the C Students
2:24:22 - Chapter 15: A Bridge Too Far
2:35:03 - Chapter 16: Buried in Waxahachie
2:44:17 - Chapter 17: Fewer Ribs, More Fondue
How tf did this not have any comments at 434 likes?
How aptly named, nice job
Someone needs to pin this
2:56:04 epilogue
"We like Tigner because he inspires loyalty and motivation in his employees"
Tigner *inspires loyalty among his employees and is loyal to them in turn*
"No, wait, not like that!"
I actually live in Waxahachie and seeing my town at 10:51 genuinely gave me chills. I knew about the particle accelerator but never thought one of my favorite creators would ever comment on it. Thank you for making this video man.
Whaddup neighbor
me too lmao
Do you pronounce it how he did? I’m also from Texas (not getting more specific) but have always heard the first A pronounced like in Walk not Wax
@@OctagonalSquare wock suh hatch ee
I had a professor in Texas who was a bitter man about moving to Texas for the super collider. The college paid for him to go back and forth to CERN. This gave me a lot of perspective on his dilemma. Thank you.
I have always felt not building the SSC in the US was a very poor and costly decision. Think of the jobs and new businesses that would have been created and the risks of the US losing its scientific leadership. Instead we build such disasters as the space shuttle. What a waste and most opportunities in education and many other fields. So sad.
Please read up on the original idea for the shuttle. Congress shafted it. (12 to five, no spare parts, budget cuts). Statistics gave us Challenger, Politics gave us Columbia. Thank You @@gailward3720
I would've thought he more likely would've gone.. Round and Round.....😊
@@gailward3720 I don't know, man. Do you really think we could have tolerated sporting fewer bombers and ICBMs? Our machismo would have suffered greatly.
@@RichardLewisCaldwellvery easy thing to say post Soviet collapse.
I know a lot of people dont really give a second thought to it but the exiting and info graphics are absolutely amazingly and must have taken an insane amount of effort. Hats off to you
No, we're out here, the weirdos who like a good infographic! I love me some good eye candy, especially when that eye candy is meant to convey a ton of information in a few pretty pictures. They take A LOT of work, and know-how, in order to pull them off. They should be appreciated.
Bobby even made a video showing how to use this programme (google earth) to make cool videos!!
That was really good
It's Jon Bois but science - not sports statistics.
....His Infographs are one of the most lauded parts of these videos. Are you high.
I'm a video essay connoisseur and I can say that this is one of the most incredible video essays I've ever watched. The way you managed to weave dense physics, bureaucracy and politics - three incredbly impentrable and boring topics, into a coherent and entertaining video thats 3hrs long without ever losing the viewer in the weeds is truly breathtaking. I also love how the infographics are integral to the flow of the video. I cannot believe it took me this long to find your incredible channel.
Your opinion means nothing since you're a self-proclaimed video essay "connoisseur."
This aint an essay my dude, this is a full blown capital D - Documentary! One that puts many televised productions to absolute shame.
@@saddesert6599 Your opinion is the wart on the ass of nothingness itself, shit talkers get a life, stay out of youtube comments kid.
@@jeremiah7427 you're just a simp for defending a twat
can’t wait for more people to latch onto the most obviously sarcastic self-descriptor of all time instead of interface w the actual comment
The visual transition from Texas to Japan at 1:57:15-1:57:22 is top notch. Love the effort you put in providing information, storytelling AND graphic design. Often videos lack the unity of these areas, but you have the skills to create a good balance.
technically it's not incredibly difficult to pull off, you just zoom into the red and then replace the texas image with the Japanese flag, then zoom out but it can take quite a bit of time to do, and very telling of how much effort goes into these videos
@@astronomicvulpine9836 I think the low technical difficulty makes it more special as those aspects are often overlooked. The combination of the creative ability to see the visual connection + doing the little things makes a great video!
Is it weird that I'm so excited to watch a 3 hour video of some topic I normally wouldn't be into, only because it's by BobbyBroccoli?
no
No. Just real sus
Still shorter than the Titanic movie
Only if you don’t like and subscribe
Nah man, this is the perfect example of why we need Creative people.
3 hours of BobbyBroccoli is exactly what I need for my roadtrip
I just pressed play without catching the length of this trip
I wish it came out earlier lol. I was on the road for 3 hours earlier today
@@-SunnyShinesBright- it had come out earlier, this is a combination of 3 videos he already released
look outside maybe?
AND! It's only party one.
"He became non-linear" fucking destroyed me
I live within two miles of Fermi lab. If thie project had been approved our entire community would have been changed. I probably wouldnt have lived where I did growing up. That being said Fermilab is still doing amazing research and Ive had the ability to go to school with some children of the researchers. Theres even a little Fermi lab houseing village for scientists coming from abroad. Its fascinating to think how different it all could have been.
It's cool to see videos about the super collider. My whole life was shaped by the project. My family moved down to Waxahachie from Boston because my dad got hired to work on it. IIRC he was the head of the magnetics division. He's got a really cool coaster that's a cross-section of one of the magnet coils cast in resin.
Wow
Well at least someone get something out of it!! FFS SMH
My Dad was with the AGS at BNL, so I remember lots of the names and many of the actual people in this program from the 1970’s and early 1980’s. Dad retired in 1990 and passed away in May. RIP, Dad, ❤ and miss you 😢 💕 😇 ⛅️
Of all the summations of government/bureaucratic ineptitudes, a "really cool coaster" seems the perfect symbol. I'm sorry your father's' work on this project wasn't taken to fruition, and hope your family has done well since.
@blackzeroflame
Did your dad get to bring home free magnets for you to play with?
The Europeans announcing the discovering of Higgs' boson on the 4th of July still leaves me jaw-slacked
We call that “optics”
They did that on purpose 🤬🤬🤬
vindictive and insecure
@@nakternalYes, they are.
Calling them vindictive and insecure lends undue credibility to the concept of building a multi-billion dollar project, just to say you're the world's dominant superpower. It would appear to represent the pinnacle of American scientific triviality. We built the first nuke and that's worked out swimmingly. Now we can blow everyone off the face of the earth in the name of "science." "I have become the destroyer of worlds." The entire load of hokum is clearly just an advanced money laundering scheme.
I genuinely don’t know what’s happening for 95% of the video, but the fact that I’m able to gage 5% of a topic that is completely lost to me shows your communication skill. Thanks for all the hard work you do and the quality you put into these
Perfectly happy with tax dollars going towards scientific discoveries instead of senator golf courses
I know exactly how this goes, and how it ends. Will I watch it again? Of course, this is great content! That said, good that you also made it a super compilation. Better to watch as a whole.
You might say it’s the Superconducting Super Collider Super Compilation 😉
A superconducting super cut of all 3 videos is better for my 'Educational ASMR' playlist.
Me too
I am still impressed by Admiral Watkins. He had clear believes on a lot of things but was able to set them aside for any assignment he was given and often came to rather progressive conclusions while serving under conservative presidents.
Excellent job, Admiral. May you rest in peace.
Yeah, surprising how human beings aren't just black and white, and those people that have opinions you disagree with can actually be good people. A lesson that everyone should always keep in mind.
@@AlphaCarinaeDepends on what those opinions are. "I like pistachio better than vanilla" is fine. "I think minorities are vermin" is not fine. Capiche?
@@theangryholmesian4556 well said
@@AlphaCarinaeYou're not wrong in general, but in this particular context, the disagreement is literally "I think gay people should die of aids"... So no, I will be like Watkins and *not* tolerate that belief. Cool? Cool.
@@theangryholmesian4556 And what are you going to do with people who have the latter opinion? Hate them back? And how will that make them hate you any less?
Hate only begets more hate, no matter if you believe it is justified or not. You only make the world worse with it. You yourself will become a hateful person just like the people who hate you, and now they have even more justification to stay set in their ways, for they are only treating you just as well as you treat them.
Hate is not eliminated by creating more hate. Hate is eliminated by pity, kindness, and understanding. Think of who you would follow more closely: the guide who patiently shows you the way, or the heckler that scolds you for your ignorance and lack of perception? For every wrongdoer is, after all, doing something the wrong way, and everyone who is lost should be guided onto the right path, not mocked and maligned for not being able to see what it is.
“Remind yourself that your task is to be a good human being; remind yourself what nature demands of people. Then do it, without hesitation, and speak the truth as you see it. But with kindness. With humility. Without hypocrisy.” ― Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
This has some of the best production value I’ve ever seen on anything, professional documentaries included. The music is unique and I genuinely enjoyed it, the visuals are effective, easy to understand, and very nice to look at, and I was able to follow along very well for the subject matter. Well done, my subscription was very well earned!
why am i crying at the end of this? the brass score over the credits just really does such a good job at emphasizing the bittersweet nature of this entire journey
ive never heard of your channel before seeing this video on my suggested feed, and after watching it over two days at work, you have gained a MASSIVE new fan
thank you❤️
I was fortunate enough to work at the SSC in highschool. I was in a gifted program, and got to write c code for oxygen sensors. It was really fun, and a cool place. Lots of smart people working there. While it lasted.
that's so cool. not jealous at all :^)
Man I wish with all my heart I was smart. It really bums me out that God blessed some with the ability to learn so well and by passed me. I was 18 before I learned to read and I only got that because 1 teacher finally told me to cut a small hole in a piece of parte and read one word at a time. Then I could read words I would never had used easily it took more time to understand and explain what I read it was longer to rid the paper I used to line the sentences. And I still can't spell I'm 58
@@angelicamichelle1646Everyone’s smart at something. Whatever you are _really_ passionate about. Bet you have at least one thing you put your mind, body and soul into. That’s your smarts.
Does beating off count lol
@@angelicamichelle1646you smart enough to get the fact you not smart and that's smarter than most. Including myself.
This whole debacle is truly a Chornobyl to any particle physicist I've spoken about this to. I remember an economics of physics class I took in college, the professor was just the most energetic guy when he talked about his work in Geneva, and I brought this up near the end of class, he just looked so defeated the whole time he described his time in Waxahachie.
I mean, imagine if they just never try to do it, join cern, fund Fermilab in the meantime, and with upgrades maybe passing earlier maybe do find the bosson before cern. There was really no need to build it by themselves.
Cybermonkeys still have a lot to learn about how to survive in a Space Forest
¯\_(👀)_/¯ ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
@@0Clewi0they were too competitieve!!
My physics professor is a high energy particle physicist who got his degree towards the end of this whole debacle and he said the worst part for him was the sudden loss of momentum in the field and thus all the jobs dropping out from under him.
Love me a good chornobyl
I just love when some you tuber make a better documentary than a big media house. This is damn fine work lad. I enjoyed watching it.
I love how you present this story. Funny how you can live through this period and be basically completely uninformed about such an important and consequential period of history. Well done!
You can just tell he has absolutely no idea what he's talking about in all of this.
As someone who lives less than 30 MINUTES from Waxahachie, this hurts knowing we were so close to being at the forefront of Super Accelerator research.
Simultaneously so close, and yet at the same time, it was almost impossible. Not just the budget, but the timing, the design, it's sad to say that even _if_ it had been built, it likely would've done fuck all for the scientific community.
L Texas L bozo L state L everything
@@avacadomangobanana2588😢😢😢😢😢😢
@@avacadomangobanana2588-🤓☝️
@@avacadomangobanana2588W Texas W state; L congress L “lobbying(bribing)” democrats
it was good in 3 parts, now great when supercollided together!
This is the best documentary i've ever seen man. The amount of detail and plot that you cover throughout your three parts seriously made it feel like an action movie it was so captivating! I don't want to say too much but i live in a city 15 minutes away from the SSC. When i met my best friend, at the time they lived literally in walking distance (Texas walking i should say haha) of the SSC. One day when we were hanging out, i honestly can't remember how it was brought up but my friend was explaining to me what particle accelerators are and how they operate and somewhere along the line they mentioned that there was an abandoned accelerator literally across the street. I was always curios, why? how? how does something like that just.. stay abandoned? I feel like you've given me and my friend who i have shared your videos with a bit of closure to a part of our lives that we never thought was possible. Thank you
oh my god this video is amazing. i usually watch videos like this in 20-30 minute segments over multiple days but your writing and visual style is so entrancing and clear passion and knowledge on the subject is wonderful to see. Thank you
I’m not really interested in how a supercollider gets funded but the way you tell stories kept me glued to it till the end. Well done my man, your a very talented storyteller
Would you say it kept you glu(ed)on?
@@12308ac *slow clap*
I think it’s pretty fascinating how a multibillion dollar particle accelerator got lumped into the same vote as “just keep the powergrid working so that the lights stay on and people don’t start dying en mass.” I still don’t know how that happened, but I know what it means.
I've watched this multiple times, and it really is incredible how well-presented this story is. Actually some of the highest-quality content on this entire website. So thoroughly and passionately delivered. Bravo
This video is astounding. I vaguely remember the beginning of the project but had long forgotten what happened in the end.VERY well done, and I'm glad to be a new subscriber. ❤
Absolutely cool how well put together this was. Shows how much time you put into this. People like you don’t get enough credit. Well done.
Literally my favorite UA-camr right now. You’re obviously so smart but you’re able to dumb it down for us so it’s 100% understandable which I appreciate so much. Thank you for making a UA-cam channel
And thanks to Sherry, who I assume is responsible for every difference between the subtitles and what Bobby says.
@@Look_What_I_Did Wrong, he speaks for me too. And at least 362 other people.
Props to you cause I just randomly spent 3 hours watching this video even though at the start I had no idea why I was watching this video 😂 very good editing and presentation. You’re very clear and easy to listen to, barely losing my attention. Such an interesting topic as well, good job honestly and fair play
Just finished part one, on to part two! This is one of the best documentaries I have ever watched. Very easy to follow, and graphics are great, and most important, understandable!! Excellent job!
This might be one of the best videos ever uploaded to this platform, I'm not joking. There are very few people who could get me to sit through a 3-hour documentary about particle physics but the storytelling, presentation, and production value here just really pulled me in and made me so invested in a branch of science that I don't even understand, even got me excited about its future as a field of research. Here's to more breakthrouhg discoveries that will mean a lot to people way smarter than I am, and many more great UA-cam videos like this talking about them!
Agreed. If only schools/educators managed to do half as well.. imagine the possibilities.
Boring and pointless
Seriously impressed I’m still here 3 hours later
I couldn’t have said it better and I’m absolutely blown away how insanely well put together this is. I can’t imagine the amount of time it took. Furthermore, I doubt few people could have done such an amazing job given all the time in the world. If everyone in the country watched this, which includes the 50% who lack the brainpower to understand it, then we’d be living in a much better world.
@@JarJar-mv6vrwhy teach American kids anything. When you can source jobs out and people from other countries in for the few jobs that's left.
Interesting footnote: The rise of "quantitative finance" as a career can partly be attributed to the many physicists who moved to Wall Street after the cancellation of the SSC in 1993 (new graduates who were crowded out when the SSC physicists returned to academia, as well as some who worked on the SSC who became disillusioned with physics). It's admittedly a shaky connection, but this coincides with the emergence of complex derivatives like credit default swaps, which played a role in the 2008 crisis.
Yeah, I can see physicists coming up with that kind of exploit/loophole in economics. They’re trained to probe those energy-conservation edge cases, where physics would reveal something exponential/logarithmic to keep stuff in balance but economics goes “linear response? Sure! (……until the market suddenly crashes)”
@@kaitlyn__Lphysics is taking complex and hard math equations to their furthest extreme then wondering why the numbers don’t add up like expected (turns out it’s a new particle).
Economics is similar to physics , it’s complex and hard maths but with more logic and a concept humans created not a wild phenomena of the universe… you can “gamer” it, exploit it.
@@draketurtle4169 exactly! 😁
Reminds me of what was talked about in the silent weapons for quiet wars document.
GENERAL ENERGY CONCEPTS
In the study of energy systems, there always appears three elementary concepts. These are potential energy, kinetic energy, and energy dissipation. And corresponding to these concepts, there are three idealized, essentially pure physical counterparts called passive components.
(1) In the science of physical mechanics, the phenomenon of potential energy is associated with a physical property called elasticity or stiffness, and can be represented by a stretched spring. In electronic science, potential energy is stored in a capacitor instead of a spring. This property is called capacitance instead of elasticity or stiffness.
(2) In the science of physical mechanics, the phenomenon of kinetic energy is associated with a physical property called inertia or mass, and can be represented by a mass or a flywheel in motion. In electronic science, kinetic energy is stored in an inductor (in a magnetic field) instead of a mass. This property is called inductance instead of inertia.
(3)In the science of physical mechanics, the phenomenon of energy dissipation is associated with a physical property called friction or resistance, and can be represented by a dashpot or other device which converts energy into heat. In electronic science, dissipation of energy is performed by an element called either a resistor or a conductor, the term "resistor" being the one generally used to describe a more ideal device (e.g., wire) employed to convey electronic energy efficie ntly from one location to another. The property of a resistance or conductor is measured as either resistance or conductance reciprocals.
In economics these three energy concepts are associated with:
Economic Capacitance - Capital (money, stock/inventory, investments in buildings and durables, etc.)
Economic Conductance - Goods (production flow coefficients)
Economic Inductance - Services (the influence of the population of industry on output)
All of the mathematical theory developed in the study of one energy system (e.g., mechanics, electronics, etc.) can be immediately applied in the study of any other energy system (e.g., economics).
BREAKTHROUGH
The aviation field provided the greatest evolution in economic engineering by way of the mathematical theory of shock testing. In this process, a projectile is fired from an airframe on the ground and the impulse of the recoil is monitored by vibration transducers connected to the airframe and wired to chart recorders.
By studying the echoes or reflections of the recoil impulse in the airframe, it is possible to discover critical vibrations in the structure of the airframe which either vibrations of the engine or aeolian vibrations of the wings, or a combination of the two, might reinforce resulting in a resonant self-destruction of the airframe in flight as an aircraft. From the standpoint of engineering, this means that the strengths and weakne sses of the structure of the airframe in terms of vibrational energy can be discovered and manipulated.
APPLICATION IN ECONOMICS
To use this method of airframe shock testing in economic engineering, the prices of commodities are shocked, and the public consumer reaction is monitored. The resulting echoes of the economic shock are interpreted theoretically by computers and the psycho-economic structure of the economy is thus discovered. It is by this process that partial differential and difference matrices are discovered that define the family household and make possible its evaluation as an economic industry (dissipative consumer structure).
Then the response of the household to future shocks can be predicted and manipulated, and society becomes a well-regulated animal with its reins under the control of a sophisticated computer-regulated social energy bookkeeping system.
That's a major simplification and incorrect timeline of credit default swaps. That entire industry had been around for a while before 2008.
Interesting idea, but almost certainly not correct
Good making, insightful! Thanks for putting everything together! This video is a keeper! Being 3 hours long is already an achievement given the level of detail to cover. Once again, well done!
You're the only one who can make me sit down and watch 3hrs about a hole in Texas in the other side of the globe for me. Amazing storytelling and love both visuals and audio (cues) in this video! Hope you'll make more great videos like this. :)
The Collider in Waxahachie would have brought so many jobs to the area, but now, the only things left here (I live close by) are these huge tunnels around the area.
On a related note, I remember my Physics teacher last year had a poster in her room that had every major physics events up to "Waxahachie". She kept the poster all these years later, probably because that's one of the greatest claims to fame Waxahachie (and Ellis county for that matter) will ever have.
Howdy neighbor
My physics teacher in Midlothian (neighboring city) had the same thing!
@@austinowensby9192 Mrs. Hayden??
@@ronnie_howard Yes!
@@ronnie_howard I graduated back in 2015, good to know it’s still up.
Yes rereleasing the trilogy as a full on video is a great idea! Why dont you do this to your other trilogies too?
Considering it, but this one felt like the best one to do a trial with!
Okay I thought I was going nuts! I could’ve sworn I’d seen the video before but it was only one day old haha
@@BobbyBroccoliSave it for the times when you want to have time off!
@@BobbyBroccoli As someone new to the channel, I do like the longer formats, rather than having to go around hunting for part 2's or 3's.
@@BobbyBroccoli personally i think it'd be great to still release series as episodic when necessary but release supercuts after the fact
Wow! Really nice job with this documentary. And NO annoying commercials! I liked, saved, and forwarded immediately. I really like the use of the wheel to show data visualization. I really liked the opening explanation of of the model showing the groupings of hadrons and mesons… I’ve never seen a simple representation like that. Thanks!
This is the first video I've watched from you and it was so engrossing. I've watched videos about this before but they were abridged versions compared this this deep dive. Very well done video. 👍
It's rare that you find such a detail compiled story about the massive FAILURE in history. But I think it's important we know stories like this so we may avoid them in the future. Thank you Broccoli. 🥦
As they say. Everything is bigger in Texas.
1:00
Most countries simply don't even try such ambitious projects.
@@chickenfishhybrid44 collaboration is necessary for any scientific process
@@chickenfishhybrid44well, money is expensive
I remember the announcement of the finding of the Higgs boson, I was in high school, and was a science kid. It was incredibly exciting and got me into more complex physics. It's incredibly abstract and I loved it. However, I ended up choosing a more tangible branch of science, since I'm now an MD 😄 Still, happy and exciting times
W
it was a nothing burger you are a doofus
Radiology?
Podiatrist
Optician or dentist
Absolutely loving these videos, hope you keep making more in this style!
I couldn't stop watching, all 3 hours in one go. I can't do that when i try binge watching some show. Incredibly well done!
This is a masterclass in infographic education and highly entertaining and engaging. Great work.
The last soundtrack and its dedication to some of those who have since passed was pure heaven. An absolute masterpiece. Thank you so so much for this.
What an incredible piece of of storytelling. The end credits alone are better entertainment than most UA-cam videos
Perfection. Truly. And brutally honest. Cringe
Fascinating video. It played automatically and I was going to look for something else but I couldn't stop watching because it's so well made!
This is the best documentary I've seen in my life. Seriously, respect for your research, assembling the media and I loved the diagrams/animations. Standing ovation!
You should check out Jon Bois's documentaries too, on the channel Secret Base. Because what Bobby Broccoli does is make Boisian style documentaries, just about science instead of sports. Bobby even has a video explaining how to make a Boisian style documentary, so he's very open about it, it's not like he's ripping him off or anything.
But yeah, even if you have absolutely zero interest in sports, you should definitely definitely definitely check out Jon Bois's documentaries, because they're more stories about extraordinary people, than they are about sports. The majority of Jon Bois's fans don't watch any sports at all, funnily enough. And stories about extraordinary people doing extraordinary things are always interesting, especially when you've got a great storyteller like Jon Bois or Bobby Broccoli.
I remember Sam Ting very well. My father worked with him as technical director of the AGS at BNL. This was a very exciting time in particle physics. If this had gone through in Texas, we’d (USA) have become what CERN is today. Instead, BNL built RHIC.
Thanks for putting this together! It’s a trip down memory lane with people, places and projects that was the topic of talk around the dinner table.
Very, very, well written. It's what makes your content fun and easy(ier) to understand.
Thanks you for all the effort you clearly poured into this. Glad your content was suggested. Time to binge and catch up.
I watched this entire series a few days ago in the original videos, it's pretty nice seeing this uploaded as one full video
I really liked this series, this whole channel is just gold, huge respect and keep making these videos!
It's been forever since I watched them so I hoping you could help jog my memory a bit. Did BobbyBroccoli say that the Soviets won the space race because they beat the US to everything bar the moon landing or was it another documentary style UA-camr? That line has been living rent free in my head for ages now and not being able to source the quote is driving me wacky.
@@EdgarAllan2pointPoeBobbyBroccoli did say that
@@but_heres_the_homestuck Ah, so he did. Did you happen to find his take as baffling as I did?
@@EdgarAllan2pointPoe no
As far as backgrounds and themes in your documentaries goes, This ones definitely the best by far. The "mountains" being part of the story, not just part of the aesthetic, was fantastic.
This is an incredible presentation! Your research is impeccable and the presentation simply great. Thank you for putting this out there, I always wondered what the backstory was with our Collider
Thorough and Comprehensive. The 3-D Web spanning decades for visual illustration was extremely helpful. The writing for this subject would normally be very dry and monotone but you made it entertaining and engaging. Well done!
I found this very nostalgic as I was involved in the selection of advanced magnet power supplies first used at SLAC in the late '70's or early '80's. That same technology (very fast PWM amplifiers with low-pass filter outputs) was to be used on the SSC and is now used for magnet control on every collider world-wide.
That must have been cool. I was there back in the 2016-2018. It was a terribly toxic work environment when I left, but I'll be damned if it wasn't interesting as hell. The people that were into talking about their research were fascinating. Just walking the accelerator line was amazing, just to see all of that tech and hardware working together to examine something smaller than I can even imagine... and then smash those tiny things together to see what happens.
My father worked there up until I was born. He said it was a truly horrible environment, but the way he described it was so damn cool. Just the idea of my dad being somehow involved with the SSC is a weird bit of happiness.
That was insanely comprehensive for a very muddled and intricate story. Well done! I enjoy your videos a lot. Your production and narration is top notch.
I honestly struggle with understanding all the science or math based concepts, but you do a great job (assisted by graphics) of making it easier for people like me.
The whole time watching this I kept thinking what a waste! Knowing ultimately we would not succeed in this quest. All those minds, all that knowledge, all that money & for what?
Admiral Watkins leaves behind a very complicated legacy, eh?
The postscript hit hard, accompanied by a beautiful score - this was just outstanding work, B. Thank you.
All I want for Christmas is to experience the kind of rage that transforms a man into non-euclidean geometry.
The ending few lines of this, along with the perfect music choice over the outro and the very sad, infuriating fate of Leon Lederman , will forever be a gut-punch to me.
A fantastic series, having it all in one video is so helpful for recommending it to new people so thank you!
Leon Lederman's story is so sad. The fact he had to sell his Nobel medal to pay off his medical bills is a true indictment on the American medical system.
No scientist who worked for the government should ever be facing such debt in their twilight years, specially with struggling health, its awful
Scientists should avoid working for the US government and take their skills to private enterprise so they have a chance to receive proper compensation.
The USA is savagely anti-intellectual and rustic (thanks to the Crown using it as a social dumping ground) and that will never be different. That means
our government is broken with respect to science. Capable humans should know going in to chase profit or starve.
I'm really surprised that his university or a physical sciences related corporation didn't cover his medical expenses. It's very sad.
*indictment of the government intervention of the American Medical system*
If the government got out of the way everything from prescription drugs to cosmetic surgery would go the way of MedExpress.
Competition lowers prices.
Because the insurance Companies own the politicians, they set price MINIMUMS. This makes it unaffordable without insurance, which keeps the insurance companies rich.
The hospitals don't mind being able to overcharge either.
As an insurance network provider, once you mention insurance the doctors are not allowed to tell you the cash price or they will lose the agreement with the insurance company.
That cash price averages about 20% of the insurance price.
If your insurance pays 5k for a service, you could have paid 1k in cash.
Nope lmao. It’s a “true indictment” of his lack of foresight. Even my private insurance would cover what he went through.
These creators who put so much research and effort in making these videos are awesome. I like to think that people through the future will keep going back to such videos for research or school or even just to learn history
Love it
honestly this video is one of the very best videos i have ever seen on UA-cam. its not just the great editing and gfx.....its how you are able to weave a comprehensive, well researched narrative that is able to keep you hooked despite being 3 hrs long. great content
I was born in Waxahachie and I never knew that this project existed. That’s crazy.
I was there for a wedding last year.
I grew up in red oak, we used to sneak down there a couple of times a year. Back then, late 2000s, I didn't think anything of it. I just assumed like every major city had one of these lol. Not until years later when I started seeing videos like this getting millions of views did I realize how unique our town was.
Go Indians
@@TheBrohamExpress sorry, that was worded in a confusing way. When I say 'sneak down there' waxahachie is one town south of where I grew up. So 'down' as in 'traveled south' They had the actual tunnels sealed off, we just went into the old abandoned office buildings on site. I remember seeing only one security guard making laps. I DO recall a huge fucking hole in the ground though, that we would throw office chairs and shit down into the abyss, unsettling
@@TheBrohamExpress that's okay, I kind of don't care. just a weird thing to lie about in some random youtube comments. did you and all your friends literally try to walk through the front gates
Just seeing how many random coincidences, tiny personal conflicts, large cultural shifts and powerful self interests are all involved in this story its easy for me to feel no single person had any great choice in how it went down. Great video
Wow your work is amazing MrBroccoli!!! Geez I'm so glad I found this channel! It's blowing my mind
Amazing graphical style and a compelling deep dive into the subject. You are doing great work!
Too bad his only fact checker is a mirror, with BobbyBroccolis smiling broadly and nodding his head foolishly. DUDE, I'm sorry, but sometimes other people actually KNOW things, and might not like it when you just skip around with "opinions you heard somewhere". You are nothing but some kid who is up to date on his tech -- I was too back in 1992, so enjoy you little blip of time when you can be useful. After it's over, you will need facts, not how you feel about Reagan.
I really love how "It's always somehow Reagan's fault" starts there and spirals out into the rest of history. He was just messing things up and left a lasting mark on the US
The only thing trickling down is the piss on ronnie's grave
Reagan did a lot of great things for this country, but he definitely had some screw-ups as well. A lot of Democrat's try to demonize Reagan as much as possible, because it's proof of how the ideals behind conservatism and capitalism, when properly regulated, make America the strongest, most advanced country the world has ever seen. If we could have a leader like him again minus the religious part of it, this country would become that shining example on the hill once again.
@@koltoncrane3099it seems that all of this chain of comments got removed (or something failed on youtube backend) i see you responding like a nonsequitor about inflation
@koltoncrane3099 you misunderstood me friend I just like pissing on graves
@@critespranberry8872 Yeah, thanks for displaying your IQ. It's always nice to see slow people speak that can't grasp anything for themselves.
Wow, what a masterful display of story writing, visual design and editing this video is. I'm blown away by the quality and attention to detail that went into every little piece of this video.
Man, that must be the best video I've ever seen on UA-cam. Thanks for this! I know that it ain't much, but you've just got another subscriber. Cheers from São Paulo, Brazil.
Thanks for creating! Loved the visuals and of course the insightful content.
Your way of presenting information is phenomenal, the amount of effort you put into all of the visuals is so eye catching. It's a visual guide to what has been talked about, the year, personally I get so lost with information that it's extremely helpful to me and I imagine many viewers. Plus, your breakdown is easy to digest and I throughly appreciate how much you put into each video you do, it doesn't go unrecognized. I always look forward to each subject you cover, even if it's not something I usually would be interested in.
Babe wake up, new bobbybroccoli just dropped
sadly its old videos combined
Babe wake up, ive got to post a cliché
You're single.
@@triplethegrowthyou need two jobs to survive in this economy, do YOU have time for a relationship?
@@kraft.singles That's the wrong angle to be looking at my comment buddy.
The research is well done, the script is well put-together, and the jokes are on point. A perfect video to watch if you have the time to watch the whole thing.
I just wanna say your visual style is *extremely* good, you found a great format, well done
Your videos are always amazingly well researched and produced.
You are literally a one man's full professsional documentary crew.
Bobby. This is simpy outstanding naration. It is like drama itself. I was blown away with this outstanding production. I enjoy immensly many hours. Keep up this amazing work. Bravo maestro.
This documentary is super well done, love your editing and graphics keep it up man.
I just subscribed look forward to watching some more videos.
The amount of research that this video must have taken is astounding. I really appreciate the visual aid as well. Outstanding work.
Man, this takes me WAY back. I think i still have the SSC Conceptual Design Review in my bookcase from LBL. Later i worked directly on the SSC in RF drive systems and as part of the “impedance police”. Good times where CERN and the SSC worked seamlessly with friends at Novosibirsk (Russia). RIP, old friend.
They fell victim to one of the classic blunders! The most famous of which is, never get involved in a land war in Asia, but only slightly less well-known is, never try to implement a cost and control system when Physcists are in charge.
Inconceivable!
Just amazing work, better than any big production on a complex topic like this and with such creativity and depth. I sat here for hours watching this and wasn't bored once. 🎉
good ol' U S of A, where even if you won a Nobel prize, you have to sell it to pay off medical bills