Taylor series | Chapter 11, Essence of calculus
Вставка
- Опубліковано 9 тра 2024
- Taylor polynomials are incredibly powerful for approximations and analysis.
Help fund future projects: / 3blue1brown
An equally valuable form of support is to simply share some of the videos.
Special thanks to these supporters: 3b1b.co/lessons/taylor-series#...
Home page: www.3blue1brown.com/
Full series: 3b1b.co/calculus
Series like this one are funded largely by the community, through Patreon, where supporters get early access as the series is being produced.
3b1b.co/support
Timestamps
0:00 - Approximating cos(x)
8:24 - Generalizing
13:34 - e^x
14:25 - Geometric meaning of the second term
17:13 - Convergence issues
Thanks to these viewers for their contributions to translations
Hebrew: Omer Tuchfeld
Vietnamese: ngvutuan2811
------------------
3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with UA-cam, if you want to stay posted about new videos, subscribe, and click the bell to receive notifications (if you're into that).
If you are new to this channel and want to see more, a good place to start is this playlist: 3b1b.co/recommended
Various social media stuffs:
Website: www.3blue1brown.com
Twitter: / 3blue1brown
Patreon: / 3blue1brown
Facebook: / 3blue1brown
Reddit: / 3blue1brown
My Calc professor called them "tailored polynomials" in the sense that they are tailored to fit a function at a desired point
Genius
Yeah, but actually it's named after Brook Taylor who (partly) came up with this in the freakin' first two decades of the 18th century (and thus only a couple of years after differentiation itself has been discovered by Newton and Leibniz independently).
Your prof deserves a medal
lone starr you bufoon its named after taylor swift
@@sblort123 No it's named after Taylor Lautner you dummy.
WOW! I'm a calculus teacher. I have watched hundreds of hours of calculus videos always looking for ways to improve my own methods of explanation. This is by far the best math video I have ever seen. I am in awe. It literally gave me goose bumps.
Is it possible to gain an intuition for what it means for a function to be classified as 'analytic'? I understand what it means for a function to be infinitely differentiable. I think it means that all its higher derivatives are continuos. However, roughly speaking, what property does a function need to possess, to be Taylor expandable in addition to being smooth?
@@vwlz8637 But the polynomials have turning points and points of inflection.
Like how the Taylor series and logarithmic forms are related to the golden ratio ,harmonic series Quadratic formula, and Prime numbers
@@MrAlRats Intuitively, I think it means that the function is continuous: It doesn't jump abruptly from one value to another, no matter how closely you look at it. All derivatives must be finite.
@@MrAlRats it just means that no matter where you look, the function will have a derivative
Taylor Series are one of the things I just could not grasp in my uni calculus class because of how dry and abstract everything was. I understand abstraction is important, but it helps so, so much to be led towards it from concrete examples rather than being thrown into its cold rapids right away. Thank you so much for closing this gap for me, you are a gift to humanity.
Same!
Completely agree and had the exact same experience!
Yes, examples are importnt
ll
..
?
O@.., plo.. Ol
L....,!lo. M.. Lu .! M...! O, pa.! p
oo ok main. Knolls. o.. L.
Lu., p. Old. O.... Oo.! 😅o... .! 😊
Look O. ... ? Mn o. P... On..., , ,.......om? Ll.. K... L.. Ll.. Oml. ?lm.. O. p.... K.. Ll.?? O.. Ooo@😅o.kom mm. Ko online m, ok? Mom oooo. oo... Wo
L.... M I'm,.?.? M,...... M !,.? Om? N
O. Mn omn mn. . .,.. . M kn!,,.., no. Mn ok.,. Mm. Lm? K mn... .p, ml......
Shout out to my math teachers at school and jee coaching centre who just wrote the formula for the Taylor series and proceeded to solve some example problems that may or may not appear in jee exam. And that was the end of it. All this time I was looking at this series as an ugly series until I watched this video. Under the guidance of the right teacher even the most mundane things do become beautiful. Thank you grant Sanderson for making these videos! Love from India 🇮🇳
jee selection hua ??
@@huzaifaabedeen7119 nope.
Agreed! He makes mathematics look like an art which in essence it is. This channel will always remain a goldmine :)
Not defending him, but tbh, time is very low in jee training, putting this much work into the visuals to teach every single concept is really hard, you don't really go to jee coaching to learn stuff, you go to it to learn algorithms to crack entrance exams, sad ik
Wouldnt be a yt comment section without that one unrelated india comment
Omg. This has to be one of the most brilliant math videos I've ever seen. Not just beautifully explained, but with amazing moving graphs, perfect syncing between explanations and animations, perfect rate of explanation, perfect tone. I'm just sitting here in awe. So thankful. SO thankful!!
Seriously. I just can't get over how amazing the animations are. How is this even possible? It would take me a decade to make a video like that. Just wow. I can't get over it.
www.udemy.com/diferansiyel-denklemler-differential-equations/?couponCode=DIFFOG
Welcome to 3B1B youtube channel
bruh he is on some type of adderall or something cos he's making these animations in the video editing software known as the python programming language
A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
this guy is in the next tier of brain ascension
@@abdullahx8118 we all know this was made in PowerPoint
Can we have a video where we just watch 3b1b animations of approximating functions with Taylor polynomials? That's so satisfying.
Blackwater Park Or any of his animations!
++++
Yes, yes, and yes! And I'd be thrilled to have a piece of software where I could do something like that on my own functions without juggling a zillion display parameters and other stuff.
Well, you could go search it on github anytime.
It made me think about the familiar series in a different way. Even though it's obvious if you think for a second about what adding more and more terms means!
It also gives really really good insight about why the series for cosine and sine skip the odd and even terms respectively.
This video was amazing
I am a calc 1 teacher for engineers and you just keep giving me amazing input to improve my lessons. Thank you!
I am a calc 1 engineering student and i want to think my professor does what you do too (even though i know he doesn't)
My 12th grade maths teacher used to teach us maths this way(on chalkboard) and his way was the only reason I still learn maths even at the age of 29.
Imagine what effect your videos can have on people..I really hope this inspires youngsters to maths.
Best explanation ever seen..wish i saw this years back..would have definitely been full time into maths research.
Finally understanding a new math concept is a spiritual experience.
Best Comment
What a beautiful comment!!!!
this is beautiful!!!!!!!!!!!!!
So true
You can say that again
Math teacher used this in class today instead of teaching it herself cause this video is THAT good, the teacher put aside her pride in favor of the amazing visuals. This is by far my favorite math channel and I was internally freaking out when she started playing it and I realized it was you. Probably the highlight of that class tbh
Bruhnling I wish my teacher did this. I was lost the whole lecture on this chapter
That's maybe not the best thing to do for there's quite a bit of hand-waving in these videos, which is hard to spot for students and thus quite easy to draw misconceptions from. Grant is right to emphasize every now and then that those videos are only meant to provide you the intuition (and do an amazing job in this regard). But they're not sufficient in on itself for a study of the respective subject. The math has to be made explicit in a rigorous manner at some point.
@@lonestarr1490 But only after you get the intuition. Formulas without a way to visualise and use them priorly only click for Math teachers, who are passionate about the beauty of formulas. They should get this
Here I'm, recalling my 2 year old Mathematics classes. How pathetic she taught me!
I praise the teacher 👍
I am a graduate students in maths, and i am literally having tears in the eyes after watching the video toward the ends. In so many years I just could'nt fully understand the meaning of all this, even though i had excellent grades during exams, everything was so abstract. All this time, It was all that simple !? Thank you so much
Tears? What a ....
I studied Taylor polynomial expansion almost 10 years ago. I remember seeing the professor write the factorial at the denominator and wondering "What does the factorial come out of?" and also "Why isn't the reason why it does part of the class?" "Why isn't it explained explicitly on my book?" And finally I see this video. I looked it up it because I was sure you were going to reveal this to me. THANK YOU GRANT
"cos(x)=1 is a good approximation too"-some engineer
Touche...
for x
""Cos(x) =/= 1"
- some math mathmatician or physicist" - some engineer.
@@boggless2771 Starting with double double quotes and ending with only single double quote.
Absolutely barbaric.
Yt
Just thinking how mathematicians used to think all these, we need these extraordinary animation to just pick up the superficial part of it, truly they were marvelous.
They simulate it in their brain...i have seen.
I wonder the same
An on top of it Euler was blind when he made many breakthroughs .
And are!
@@ANIKETSONAWANE really? That was his secret?
* proceeds to poke eyes out with pencil *
*NOW I AM AN UNSTOPPABLE GENIUS!!!!!!!!!*
I was asked by my teachers to just memorize the Taylor series expansion for some standard functions which has a higher probability to be asked in the examination.
Sad truth:This is very common in India.
Thank you Grant,this video felt like you were opening the cave in which i was living in.
that's some very strange wording at the end there
in 11th and 12th they dont teach talyor series but use its expansion, mainly in limits so solve questions, we are told that it will be taught in higher classes and taylor explansion is not in JEE syllabus. i came here for extra knowledge and loved the video
@@GS_geostorm 🤣
@@GS_geostorm it is an allusion to Plato's cave allegory I believe
THIS IS INCREDIBLE! that taylor polinomial for e^x just BLEW my mind! THANK YOU! So many things just clicked all at once in 2 minutes. The value ur videos have for humanity is immeasurable!
Our math teacher speaks highly of your work and encourages us to watch your videos to learn more about the chapters we're working on.
He's definitely right, congrats sir.
Cheers from France :)
I'm french myself, and another froggy cheer you.
I would suggest you cherish such professors :)
Your English is exceptional for a Frenchman!
I wish I would have had these videos when I was in calc 1 and 2. I hated taylor series and didn't really see the point in them other than proving integrals. If you ever take calc 3, try to find some videos helping to describe 3d graphs and planes, that is what I struggled with most conceptually in that class.
T'es d'où pour avoir des profs qui recommandent ça ?
On behalf of all students who've had dumb maths teachers that never reached us things right, thank you soooooo much
Abody Aref
I had dumb math teachers past.
This channel forces you to love math by thoses PI 's with the eyes!
Math is hard, breaking it down makes it easier.
Even the best you can expect to find in high school aren't this good for understanding. My teacher taught me everything by it formal definition and I managed to do well but seeing it all from this perspective makes it so much easier to remember and use appropriately.
If your excuse for not grasping mathematics is a bad teacher, then you aren't too bright yourself.
If you're mean to your maths teacher now, you'll regret it when you grow up. I promise
@@justrinat2207 Yes
I've never seen an explanation as beautifully and mind-blowing putted as this one! Amazing work, thank you so much
your understandings in maths are too good and the way you explain them is beyond just incredible; your animations always let me see things that I can't see, even after multiple trials. Thank you grant!
I'm still crying from the beauty in this video. I just fell in love with the Taylor Series.
still crying
Math is amazing
Truly beautiful
I see a potential math major here
You should try MacLaurin series too, this is as fascinating.
How beautiful! This is not just Math anymore it is art too. I envy young students who are just starting to study these topics and have access to such beautiful explanation.
Math is Art. It never was anything else but art
@@mountainc1027 Yes Thank you!!! That's what I was about to say...
Me too. This explosive "age" of such a high quality videos on internet (few but valuable youtube channels) catch me out
in my thirthies.
Beautiful and useful!!!
The nature of the tech we call artificial intelligence(AI) just like it!!!
@@mountainc1027 Must careful on what you just said, those day even silly girl who take a selfie will be consider as an art so...
Math is The Real Art!!!
The demo of e^x was absolutely magnificent to teach me more about taylor series. Thank you for all you do.
This series was fantastic! The animation is incredible and I watched every single episode multiple times. As someone who hasn't yet discovered the Taylor series in class, I had a huge grin on my face the whole time.
"The first time this clicked for me was in a physics class, not a mathematics class."
As an engineering graduate I can say that almost all math clicked for me in physics or engineering classes. Complex numbers clicked for me when studying control theory. Differential equations clicked for me when studying vibrations, etc. Math teachers could take that message home.
I think pure math students and engineering/applied physics students are fundamentally different types of people. Most math professors cater to math students ,have been math students themselves, and what they consider to be concrete examples that make things click are perhaps a bit different from what makes things click for engineering students.
This is why I teach both physics and calculus. I've convinced my school to let me teach it as a combined course.
Hey I was in a similar situation here. Maths clicked for me in Computer Science classes especially when proofs came along. I think this probably aligns with what @Anshuman Sinha said engineering students perhaps need physical applications, movements, natural phenomena to see how maths make sense whereas pure maths or CS students would find maths make sense in a more abstract way since everything we do is intangible. However, I think really the best way for anyone to appreciate maths is when it's put in a context like physics.
@@PersimmonHurmo Yea mathematicians from the past when there were no computers are those with a substantial amount of brainpower to do crazy abstract imagination/thinking. I'm in awe.
Noice. In fact I was taught the basics of calculus in physics class.
Enginers after skipping through the video: "alright got it cos (x) =1"
@Another Random Cuber maybe. However, this only really becomes helpful if made clear to the students why the approximation works, and when it doesn't, so if they run into the need for more accurate approximations in their work, they know HOW to get more information, i.e. add another term. I know nobody asked but this bothered me when it was taught to me.
@Another Random Cuber you're right about that.
@Another Random Cuber got it, we'll target physicists too
M J Well, the point behind the meme isn't that the approximation is overused, the point behind the meme is that it is misused, because the approximation is only really good for small x, but it gets treated almost as if it holds for all x.
XD
These videos are absolutely amazing. I am currently learning about Taylor polynomials in calculus and this makes everything so much more obvious when it comes to crunching numbers!
I had an interview question for a physics degree course about this today using E=γmc^2, where γ is (1 - v^2/c^2)^-(1/2). Approximated E to be mc^2 + mv^2/2. So glad I watched this the week before. Thanks for making the video.
Edit: I just got an offer at the uni lol.
How is that approximation?
@@sheetalmadi336 Becuase mv^2/2 is an approximation for the kinetic energy of a body with a low velocity compared to the speed of light. When v is higher, you can’t use the approximation and you need to use γmc^2
If all teachers were like him (and some other), imagine what we could learn and accomplish in our lives. We have about 17,000 hours of school in our lives. This video is 22 minutes.
this is a good example of how much there resistance there is to doing things better. especially in education, people are slow to change bc they know it would mean they would have less work. if people could learn math at 10x the rate, then that would mean 1/10 the jobs (all other things constant), or at least thats how people see it. i think its the reason we need universal basic income- people would be able to move out of the way of innovation bc they wouldnt be so reliant on the paycheck
Walter I agree. We spend a lot of time just trying to survive. Many times I’ve thought: Here’s your mansion and your food for the rest of your life. Now do something productive for humanity!Obviously it is an exaggeration but I agree things would be better with a minimum income or guarantee for everyone. Having just the basics to survive, even if it is 10m2 and a baguette or pizza a day, would mean we could focus so much time on productive things.
edu__ceo And we have 17500 hours of school till High school only..
Still Unknown Young Gamer yep I messed that up🙈 At 6 hours / day, 5 days per week, 4 weeks per month and 9 months that is a rough estimate of 1080 hours per year. With 15-16 years until university that is 16,200-17,280 hours.
Still Unknown Young Gamer I think I meant 3,000 hours of university: 4 hours/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks/month, 9 months/year and 4 years for roughly 3,000 (2,880) hours of university!
imagine if all math textbooks were this interactive and visual. We could be doing rocket science in 8th grade
kindergarten
You can, by the way. If you study impulses, basic Newton physics, then you'll know a lot about rocket science.
This why Star Trek is right when they showed Spock on Vulcan learning in a interactive environment (and then the other kids teased him afterwards because of his human mother).
@@pentachronic the moment every one wished to be born a vulcan
100 years from now, it has to. At that time, the vastness of human knowledge means that we have to learn and understand the essentials more quickly.
That's incredible. I was really struggling in understanding of Taylor series. You explained it very well with wonderful graphs. Thank you and your team a lot. Take care!
I have always seen, and painfully memorized the general formulas for the value of e^x or anything of the sort related to e. I could never have imagined that Taylor Series could be used for something like this, I have always found calculus to be interesting but this...new..perception - it just takes my thought process to a hole new level and my excitement to study maths more rigorously in the future continues to grow. I have watched countless videos of yours, and NONE of them have bored me. All of them were MAGNIFICENTLY visualized and I felt kinda happy when I realized hard concepts were actually pretty easy! All you needed was a different way to view the problem.
Thank you, 3b1b. Truly thanks, from the deepest part of my heart.
@3Blue1Brown - I'm currently teaching students aged 16-17 about derivatives and integrals... The educational impact you make is immense! Please keep creating series about math! You have great narratives conveying beautiful insights in a time efficient manner with visualizations of highest quality.
--- You are my educational hero.
One Chan to rule them all, One Chan to find them,
One Chan to bring them all and in the interest bind them
In the Land of Math where the insights lie.
❤️🙏
Hey guys 3Blue1Brown here WITH A DOUBLE UPLOAD TODAY.
Mr Rishi The Cookie Hell has frozen over XD
Mr Rishi The Cookie When are the 4 horsemen of the apocalypse coming?
Hey guys! It's Scarce here. Today we have a double upload!
more like... bubble upload
hey vsauce, michael here
The first few minutes were amazingly well explained! Very helpful of you to draw information from the initial example of the cosine function, and then apply that logic to other functions, before generalizing Taylor Series as a whole
Words of thanks are just too little to express my gratitude for reveling the beauty of calculus. The graphic illustration is just out of the world to reveal the philosophical nature of mathematics. There is much more to learn with this inspiration. My humble thanks and great appreciation!
Not only have a FINALLY understood Taylor Polynomials, I am completely ecstatic. They are so cool!!
Good way to remember it: Taylor polynomials are "tailored" to match the shape of another function.
These videos are helpful but don't be in an illusion that you understand them completely. You don't understand something unless you have done rigourous practice on the topic. Even after watching this video you won't be able to solve problems based on it. Hence to understand something in mathematics,you first have to go through the rigour.
13:30 watching the taylor polynomials of higher orders fit more and more closely to the original function is unbelievably soothing
...and revealing!
I love the way the little Pi characters have little eyes that follow whats going on above them. Great work with this video, your attention to detail is immaculate and the content is flued and intuitively understandable.
Thus true
This series has been such a big help to me, I am going back to college and my first math class in a decade is calculus 1, I was terrified about failing but after watching these videos everything just clicks so well, thank you so much for the high quality and excellent explanations.
What you are doing to educate all the science learners around the world is truly incredible. This generosity of heart, this dedication to share knowledge is a truly positive karma for your soul and will carry you across life. So happy to see someone explain things so incredibly well. This is what brings depth to life. Hope you have a long and healthy life.
Well said ..
I graduated with a math degree in '95 and started watching your linear algebra series a couple of weeks ago for a refresher. I was treated to a view of the topic that I hadn't considered and revealed so much more to me than I had ever thought possible. This is no different. I had always loved the Taylor series in describing transcendental functions, and was vaguely aware of the relationships involved, but fuzzy on the derivation. This is the best and clearest explanation I have seen, and one I will not forget. You have a real gift. Thank you for sharing it.
Was just learning about Taylor Series and needed to know why the hell we were doing what we were doing. This video summed it up perfectly and the dynamic visuals really propel this content to the best possible explanation of the topic. Great work
I just recently finished Cal 2 and always struggled with Taylor and McLaurin series. After watching this, I feel like I finally understand them. Love this channel!
This is how maths should be taught
*Everyone’s* talking about you right now, man. Good job
💯💯
Back in college, Taylor polynomials/series, and how they related to the rest of calculus, left me completely baffled. You've made clear in 20 minutes what a month of Math 1b lectures and problem sets didn't.
I’ve never seen complex math explained so well.
Mind blowing and wonderful to watch.
This has to be among the best pieces of content on YT.
This is amazing !! You explained it in the most simple and beautiful way , I was looking at my textbook confused and stressed about my upcoming exam and you explained it in a short time better than the hour and half with my teacher at college . Thank you so much !
Thanks for watching, and thanks for such a warm reception of the series! For those just landing on the series through this video, the full playlist is at 3b1b.co/calculus
Needless to say, there are many topics not covered in this series so far. Just think of how much was left unsaid about integrals! I do intend to revisit this playlist and add videos on simple differential equations (separation of variables), how and why substitution works in figuring out tricky integrals, and integration by parts. In the immediate future, however, there are other projects I'd like to sink my teeth into.
Please do keep exploring math, whether that's delving more into calculus, linear algebra, number theory, taking my sincere recommendations about 3b1b.co/aops or 3b1b.co/brilliant, or even just sitting down in a quiet room with nothing more than a pencil, paper, and a supply of curious thoughts. And if you want to see the kind of thoughts that might lead you to a formula for pi, through a path that wanders quite close to the Riemann zeta function, keep an eye out for the next video on this channel: 3b1b.co/subscribe
I loved the series! (Yours and Taylor's)
I would really appreciate a video/series explaining the Millennium Problems.
The animations are very helpful.
3Blue1Brown i dont even know what to say, but thank you so much. this and your linear algebra videos have helped me greatly
3Blue1Brown I'd love a small series on fractional calculus if you're up for it. I discovered it on the internet one day and asked my professor about it. He wasn't aware of it but looked into it. We ended up meeting for a few weeks to discuss what he found and it totally blew my mind. It generalizes calculus in a beautiful way so that you can take fractional integrals and derivatives. For example, you can take the 3/2 integral of some function.
This videos are incredible! They are better than any documentary I've ever seen. Thank you very much. I would like to know what programs are you using for the graphics and animations, they make the video amazing.
For the ln(x) Taylor series, for values of x greater than 1, does the *average* of the outputs of the polynomials at least approach ln(x)? It looks like it may, but I don't know. If it does, are there continuous (and continuous on every derivative) functions where this does not happen somewhere they are defined?
Beautiful. I always tell me calculus students, don't try to imagine the second derivative of a curve algebraically. Just think: would a parabola approximating the curve at that point be opening upwards or downwards? It helps so much with understanding what the second derivative is and why it is important, namely in finding extrema and solving optimization problems. Understanding mathematics is always better than mindless computation.
jmcsquared18 thanks very much for that tip, it finally got the idea of concavity to click in my head.
Anybody from you guys care to explain why at 16:05, the Height= Slope times (x-a). P.S. Sorry for the unrelated comment. It's just that this has been bothering me, and if I write it as a separately, it probably won't see any attention.
Hahaha. I can't believe I missed that. Thanks for your reply!
Also, I dare say that most of the concepts in the series were clear to me before starting to watch (watching just consolidated my understanding), but I never quite understood why slope equals height over length?! I know, pretty ironic.
I would appreciate it if you could explain once again!
Thanks for your fast reply. However, I already understand that, as I stated I know what a derivative is. The thing that I don't understand is - why do you describe/express the slope as height/length ratio (dy/dx). For example - I think that the slope should be calculated via the pythagoras theorem (slope^2=length^2+height^2). Again, thanks for your time, it is much appreciated.
That would be the *length* of the hypothenuse of the triangle representing the slope. But the length has nothing to do with how *acute* the slope is. You can't calculate that with Pythagoras theorem. What the word "slope" means is the angle of the hypothenuse expressed as a ratio of the tangents.
IDK man, how much I can thank you it has been over 3 years since I wondered how somebody came up with series, In schools, they just told us to memorize the series but you told us how that series was made, incredible work.
Thank you sooooo much 3b1b for this amazing series! I have learn't soo much that I know will help me and give me a huge head-start when I plan to take Calculus. My thanks to you is enormous!
I'm studying calculus at the univertity and whenever i don't fully understand a topic i come here and it lights me up. Thank you for the excelent and interesting explanations and for the extremely useful visual approches. Helps a lot!
Having just finished high school calculus, this series was brilliant for me to review for exams and actually understand calculus instead of mindlessly applying it.
So thanks a lot! I'm pretty sure I aced my exams thanks to you! :)
Pratyush Menon wow, how early do you bring calculus up in US? I live in Sweden, and calculus is almost NEVER tought before our 10th, 11th or sometimes even 13th year in school...
Brewer021 Well, I do the IB program (Higher Level Math) which is a lot more advanced than the regular curriculum in Canada, but we started calculus in Grade 11.
In the US, many students don't take calculus until university. But some take "Advanced" mathematics in High School (year 11-12), which is calculus.
IB math HL student here too! The timing of this series has been amazing. My calculus paper 3 is literally tomorrow :D.
Michalis Pardalos Haha good luck! My school does discrete math for the option (which I'm doing tomorrow as well) but I've been self-studying the calculus option for fun and to better understand the problems on Paper 1 and 2.
Every time I watch a 3B1B video I think it's the best explanation I could ever hear on the topic.
Yaay! Fantastic introduction for my calculus-class tomorrow (our teacher recommended to watch this). It's amazing to get this more warm and colorful introduction before diving into the more harsh world of lectures - it gives the lecture more of a soulful underline than it normally would have. Thanks for your content!
"and this is called the radius of convergence"
I can hear a nuke going off in my head.
Same. I learned about the radius of convergence a few weeks ago in my Analysis lecture, and it was presented as just some maths rambling of stuff that proves something but it made no sense except being some other thing to study for the tests...
@@KVVUZRSCHK Or you simply didn't got the explanation.
I was scrolling down the comment section in the middle of the video and I did not understand what you were talking about. 8 minutes later, a nuke also went off in my head XD
@@lonestarr1490 because the lecturer couldn't explain it well.......
Plebian: T-series
Me: *Taylor series*
Music: #TaylorSwift
I actually thought that
Trailer scene
Robots need upgrading too!
" We" employee it. Stalin said " Who is Nikola Tesla?"-J.P. Morgan " My money." Ford said " Great!", what is that about it.
I first saw this video when you posted it four years ago and didn't really derive much from it.
Now I'm a uni student, and I can tell you with absolute certainty, that this video should grant you an eternal afterlife and a golden casket.
Amazing video, thanks so much for making it. Visuals are amazing, explanations are clear, simple and to the point. Just wow. I really wish schools would adopt a system where instead of a teacher teaching the usual way, he would just hand out a list of videos (like this one) to learn from and be available to help those who need it.
Could you do Fourier transformation please..? Double please..?
Yup, a Fourier Transforms video would be great. And if possible please do cover all other transforms that map to the complex plane.
Fourier Transform is basically the same as a taylor expansion.
If you take a function and fourier transform it you get the coefficient function for ALL sine and cosine functions that you use to EXACTLY represent your original function.
For a taylor expansion you will get discrete values c0, c1, c2 because the polynomials are a discrese set of functions, while for sine and cosine functions you get uncountably many functions because their frequencies can be chosen to be real numbers.
If you take a piece of music or sound, or whatever and fourier transform it, then you will obtain a function that contains the information which frequencies made up your original music, sound piece, or whatever. Does that help?
Welch lab will probably do a serie on this topic soon. Take a look at this channel ! :)
Fourier transforms are really quite advanced (at least compared to this). You have to first understand Fourier series, which means understanding ideas like norm-squared convergence, orthogonality of functions, and complete bases of functions. I agree that Fourier transforms are as simple as Taylor series if all you're doing is is plugging into some formulas, but that isn't the way 3b1b does his videos. To really *understand* them, you need a lot of machinery to be built up first, most of which goes beyond the scope of anything covered on this channel so far (given that we have only _just_ got to 1D calculus).
TheSpinTensor what you said covers the theoretical essence of Fourier Transform. But I was hoping for a deep intuitive understanding of the topic like how this channel wonderfully explained calculus.
The way you fluently communicate math hits right into the hypothalamus.
Yes, and the poor thing just wanted to wallow in a pool of soothing mud . . . . . .
I can say I could watch these videos just for the pleasure of watching them, as long as they are so enjoyable. And I can learn or "just" understand something amazing (I'm no longer a student, but I thank you for these gems).
THE MOST AMAZING MATH TEACHER IVE EVER SEEN!!!
WONDERFUL WORK 3B1B!!!!
Wow, wow, wow! I thought I knew Taylor polynomials well but the visuals are just gorgeous and helped me understand Taylor's polynomials deeper than ever before.
Wow....I feel high right now, this is the purest drug I've ever had.
3BL1BR IS DOING THE LORDS WORK
You mean Crystal Math?
bhut bhyanker nsa hai ye
oxygen is probably the purest drug ever
@@yzyzyz44 Hell yeah bruther
Now I am left with the question why some functions can be approximated completely by derivatives at one point and others cannot. So I am going to find out by studying Taylor series. I love it.
As always, 3b3b is the best animation math channel on YT with precision and accuracy. I wish more and more videos come from it. Thank you very much for the extraordinary work to share with the world.
In AP Calculus BC, when Taylor Series were introduced, I was simply confused. It seemed as if my teacher was simply getting formulas out of thin air. I proceeded to memorize the formulas and do well in the class. But not until watching this amazing video did I really understand what was going on! The idea of approximating a function through taking many higher order derivatives at one point is simply mind blowing.
After thinking about the video, I now realize the importance of the many tests for series convergence that we had to learn. Taylor polynomials are created to model functions that have real life applications in physics and engineering, and the best approximations we have are Taylor series. We need all the tests for series convergence in order to determine whether or not the Taylor series that we create will actually provide an approximation that will be accurate at a given point! If the Taylor series is divergent then it won't approximate at all, if it is conditionally convergent it will approximate only within the interval of convergence, and if it is convergent then it will approximate everywhere. Awesome stuff! And people say math isn't fun...
Do you know if there has been a situation where people need to get the Taylor Series throughout a certain interval but couldn't because the function they were trying to approximate didn't work? Genuine question.
@@commie281 Try making a Taylor series of f(x) = 1/x centered at x = 0
True mister! watching and understanding this 22 min video and Your comment too makes me appreciate my engineering course SO MUCH MORE. thanks for the elaborate and informative comment :D
I’ve never commented on a post before but you did a bang on job. Absolutely clear. To the point. Easy to understand. Life saver
This is the best understanding of the Taylor's theorem. Starting my first year, I couldn't understand a thing about the Taylor's Theorem because I didn't understand what the theorem was doing to a function. Now I know what each of the terms mean. Thank you very much
JEE 2024 aspirant here. Today I have learn that the Taylor series ain't just a bunch of formulae that we had to memorise but a result of a beautiful way the creative mathematicians had devised to calculate trignometric, exponential functional values of weird values that are close to 0. THANK YOU SOOO MUCH for this elegant explanation and captivating Animations !
Jee 2018 cracker here. I was always confused about the series during my jee preparation. Teachers weren't able to answer from where these equations came and it pissed me off so much. Internet was not so prevalent then. What I did back then was to relate the kinematic equation derivation ( from HC verma ) and these series and formulated the taylor series myself.
if acc is constant
s = s0 + ut + 1/2 a t^2
which is simply the taylor series for displacement
s = s0 + s' * t + 1/2 * s'' * t^2
This way I was also able to solve the questions including jerk ( accn non constant ) by easily writing the equations directly. Feels so good to watch you all being able to form a intuition with such great videos and not being limited by the teacher teaching you.
All the best for your exams 😄
What a brilliant series, many issues fell into place for me. Like completing a puzzle, the last few steps can be very satisfying. I hope your next series touches on the binomial theorum, another area that can be conceptually sticky.
My math teacher sent me there after I just told him that in a certain way the functions sin(x) and cos(x) could be considered as polynomials with a degree tending to the infinite.
That is very often how mathematicians treat these functions. In fact, there is a rigorous formalism in which that makes some sense.
Nice. He must be a good teacher.
@@dasav6724 He sure is.
so 23 years ago, a somewhat desperate math teacher in highschool (with a specialisation leaning towards math and pyhsics over languages) tried to tell us about the usefulness of taylor polynomials ... he was very fascinated by them, we were very underwhelmed as 17-years-olds ... now watching this, i understand his fascination and i wish my kids will learn this one day too, just for the sake of it, just like for the sake of it to learn latin to understand and approximate modern languages better (i expect they will be very underwhelmed :-)
You're one of the most phenomenal teacher i come across. Really loved this
If I become rich one day, I'll make you rich as well.
haha
Matheus Cardoso Tinha que ser br.
This comment made me remember the plot of DIckens Book 'Great Expectations'
It had to be a BR.
@@xgalarion8659 Is that a spoiler?
I finally realized what "radius of convergenc" is. It's literally just beautiful. Thank you for your hard work😊
Have been spending tons of efforts to study the machine learning stuff and watching this guys' video to strengthen my understanding of math behind it. I purchase your music album to support you !
Really liked this series, all 10 videos. The visual explanations were 'infinitely' helpful!
anyone who has been watching these videos from the beginning can easily appreciate the amazing visuals but I think an under-rated aspect of these video's is the verbal elegance used to explain these abstract concepts... the phrase "derivative information propagating out from the radius of convergence" was never mentioned when I first learned this stuff and it took my understanding and appreciation of the subject to a whole new level.. thank you!!
What a fantastic video! Who else agrees he saved the best for the last?
I don't know. I think this is "the best" if it is because it's where things start to get interesting and relatively "unintuitive" (even if still relatively easy to follow). However, as with any great building, the architecture is interesting because of its foundations and plan, not by chance...
nice name
Me
I am in utter awe of your work. Thank you so much, Grant. I do not think I can praise you enough.
This was absolutely incredible, thank you so much for your hard work and dedication!! It really shows through in the video
You are a god. This AND linear algebra have been amazing. Although it takes only a fraction of the time i spend
on the course, i get just as much insight from ur videos (if not more) than from class.
It's incredible how Grant approaches and motivates these topics. I always learn something new watching them. And by learn I mean really internalise a particular concept. He's got an amazing ability to teach and is a genuine treasure.
I needed a refresher for 3rd yr classical mechanics--this was wonderful, thank you. I wish I had seen this long ago!
ok now thanks to this i LOVE taylor series? this was so cute and made me not only understand what they are but realise how cool it is that someone found out about this. falling in love with maths again. thank youuuuuu
I stand in awe. I finally understand! Thank you for your brilliance in presentation!
Wow. I just finished calc 2. And this was explained in a COMPLETELY different way. This is much more intuitive, and actually explains the reasoning behind taking multiple derivatives of the same function.
The visuals are stunning and I think I understand these better than I could at high school.
Let's take a moment thought, to appreciate Taylor was working without these visual tools, likely already able to visualize the series this way in his head.
I'm still a few years away from studying taylor series and calculus in depth, but with my partial knowledge, this video was able to raise my excitement. blood pressure and give me goosebumps lol
MIND = BLOWN , i cant explain my happiness right now , 3 years of frustration with taylor and laurent series !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
i always knew i lacked the intuition behind the purpose of these series , i knew how to derive and everything else , but the intuition part just makes it a 100 times better for me to appreciate these important concepts!!!
Beautiful. Simply amazing. Definitely the best video on the taylor topic on youtube so far. Wonderful work. Just beautiful.
Amazing vid and content ! Absolutely loved it 👍
The graphics and the way it was explained is phenomenal 🙏 You got a new subscriber :)
Exceptional explanation, the graphs changing with polynomial expression is amazing.
This one of the most intellectual beautiful things that I have seen in my career as a student, math is awsome.
"You can do even better approximation by adding c4"
_FBI wants to know your location_
ded
UnUnderstandable
Wut
it's 123 likes, it's to good to be broken.
@@heavennoes it's broken lol
I wish I could like this twice
I come back to watch either the calculus or linear algebra videos every few weeks and everytime I seem to learn something new everytime
I was so confused as to how the hell did this seemingly arbitrary summation approximated any function, but after seeing this if makes so much more sense. Your ability to explain topics with such intuitive ease is awe-inspiring, and to believe all of this content is free blows my mind. Thank you so much.