Mozambique's rubies: A blessing or a curse? | DW Documentary

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  • Опубліковано 25 січ 2025

КОМЕНТАРІ • 783

  • @rodongo5221
    @rodongo5221 2 роки тому +235

    Exploiting your own people is the worst form of treatment in this century. Corruption is a global thing but at least give your people some dignified life

    • @nomahope3182
      @nomahope3182 2 роки тому +11

      I couldn't have said it better myself.

    • @JimBob1937
      @JimBob1937 2 роки тому

      Unfortunately, exploitation of your own people is a story as old as time, it's not unique to this century.

    • @CS-dn8rd
      @CS-dn8rd 2 роки тому +2

      Ditto!

    • @ericcloud1023
      @ericcloud1023 2 роки тому +4

      100% smart wealthy countries learned that the better off/wealthier your people are the more wealth you can extract & probably even more important, their regime's become MUCH more stable & lasting. From a purely greedy perspective it's a win-win

    • @GolDRoger-fx2fp
      @GolDRoger-fx2fp 2 роки тому

      The one who exploiting its own people is also a victim of being exploited by the greedy capitalist outside the country.

  • @pauloakwood9208
    @pauloakwood9208 2 роки тому +155

    Interesting comment by the government official that no one can expect prosperity after only 50 years of independence. I hesitate to point to Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, or any number of other former colonies that greatly improved their people's lives. Of course, those countries did not have the same levels of corruption one sees in Mozambique or Angola.

    • @sirineuantonio1622
      @sirineuantonio1622 2 роки тому

      Rwanda just to add an African country after a genocide.... Mozambique like most of the African countries has a huge problem ahead, hunt all those who are stealing and making things worse for d people. But there's no will and for those who rule everything is working according....

    • @salehothman449
      @salehothman449 2 роки тому +6

      And Malaysia.

    • @YouYou-sm8tf
      @YouYou-sm8tf 2 роки тому +15

      Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan succeed because they INVESTED IN EDUCATION. Student from all those countries are in TOP5 best students in the world. If Africa want to prosper, it need to invest in EDUCATION in TECHNOLOGY field...

    • @pauloakwood9208
      @pauloakwood9208 2 роки тому +1

      @@YouYou-sm8tf Absolutely agree!

    • @AshleyG24601fan
      @AshleyG24601fan 2 роки тому +12

      Rme. The united States went out of its way to help those countries. Unlike African countries, which the united States goes out of its way to keep poor.

  • @contemplatinggod2791
    @contemplatinggod2791 2 роки тому +69

    I just wish Africans wont be so wicked to Africans! Howdoes a country sell Gem stones and still its people at the fringes of starvation and extreme poverty! My heart weeps for Africa!

    • @geoms6263
      @geoms6263 2 роки тому +3

      stop doing that it's embarrassing

    • @Flower-ck2bs
      @Flower-ck2bs 2 роки тому

      @@geoms6263 ?

    • @Flower-ck2bs
      @Flower-ck2bs 2 роки тому

      So true. So sad.

    • @beberodriguez4160
      @beberodriguez4160 2 роки тому

      Yes so true and as Naija countrymen you would know... your people 500 year betrayal is still wreaking havoc globally... Atone NOW Nigeria 🇳🇬 and ALL of West 🌍 Africa.

    • @beberodriguez4160
      @beberodriguez4160 2 роки тому

      @@Flower-ck2bs that's a coward that wants to continue to hide the crimes and betrayal of west africants.

  • @labworm
    @labworm 2 роки тому +64

    Did the area governor lady said "countries don't become rich in 50 years"...lady have you seen Asian countries?
    As an African watching this kind of broken and corrupt government system all of over African countries breaks my heart!
    I hope that countries in mama Africa will get the leaders they deserve and stop nonsenses like this one!

    • @amosmunezero9958
      @amosmunezero9958 2 роки тому

      Definitely countries do develop in even less than 50 years, China, well Tanzania tried under Magufuli, till some globalist killed him! It is easy to blame african leaders, but then forget about the role of corrupt and greedy multinationals, especially in the case of Tanzania how they dodge taxes and try to mislead the government

    • @goal5767-e8n
      @goal5767-e8n 2 роки тому +7

      I was waiting for this comment... That lady is very corrupt...50 years is too much for a country with so much resources to be rich...school hospital and they are done... No no no that's madness

    • @sirineuantonio1622
      @sirineuantonio1622 2 роки тому +6

      That's the only way to protect they power no education, no development, no future for d locals

    • @JoyFay
      @JoyFay 2 роки тому

      @@goal5767-e8n but it’s a country that the white colonizers keep stealing from.

    • @andersonxavier6364
      @andersonxavier6364 Рік тому

      If you elect the right governor the system kills him.

  • @bangolobo1235
    @bangolobo1235 2 роки тому +227

    I am Mozambican and believe me this woman is lying 😕 it really breaks my heart to see my people suffering like that, and all they do is make excuses of colonialism and independence. I don’t deny it played a role, but we can see a lot of countries that took less than 50 years to make a turn around. Excuse makers and thieves this is our government. I really hope for the best of my people

    • @craiggoodwin7556
      @craiggoodwin7556 2 роки тому +11

      Agree with u ... What a lame excuse

    • @robrob6719
      @robrob6719 2 роки тому +1

      Be the side of your people even if they are lying

    • @kalvin8307
      @kalvin8307 2 роки тому +6

      Muito triste
      Mas vão pagar por tudo
      Corruptos

    • @riskinhos
      @riskinhos 2 роки тому

      a culpa é dos moçambicanso que votaram no governo. portanto são a favor dessa corrupção.

    • @paultheallknowing
      @paultheallknowing 2 роки тому +4

      Exatamente! Muito triste a situação.

  • @jordrider1917
    @jordrider1917 2 роки тому +180

    "Countries aren't underdeveloped, they're overexploited."
    -Michael Parenti

    • @GolDRoger-fx2fp
      @GolDRoger-fx2fp 2 роки тому +2

      👍

    • @aeliusromanus9338
      @aeliusromanus9338 2 роки тому +6

      By their own countrymen. That's the case of Africa.

    • @JimboJamboJames
      @JimboJamboJames 2 роки тому +3

      Exactly!

    • @jordrider1917
      @jordrider1917 2 роки тому +3

      @@aeliusromanus9338 oh yeah. Just like the rubber industry or the slave trade. It was their fellow countrymen who were responsible for the whole thing. Ask lamumba how well opposing exploitation went for him.

    • @emperortomatopaste900
      @emperortomatopaste900 2 роки тому

      @@aeliusromanus9338 influenced by secret services and intelligence agencies

  • @hoboryan3455
    @hoboryan3455 2 роки тому +39

    2:55 "You feel bad for the guy" But not enough to cut profits and pay people a real wage. Be clear; you don't feel THAT bad for the people.

    • @ok.ok.5735
      @ok.ok.5735 2 роки тому +4

      Yeah but by 5:30 you learn they set up a complaint box so there’s that🕋🤷‍♂️

    • @Dante-fk4yi
      @Dante-fk4yi 2 роки тому

      Exactly

    • @michaelf.2449
      @michaelf.2449 2 роки тому +3

      Pay real wages? He didn't work there he was a thief...

    • @hoboryan3455
      @hoboryan3455 2 роки тому

      @@michaelf.2449 Did you watch the whole video or just not understand it?

    • @michaelf.2449
      @michaelf.2449 2 роки тому +2

      @@hoboryan3455 literally watched the whole thing and the company isn't in the wrong here.. they're paying the taxes and paying good wages obviously because all the workers look to be doing fine. He's right they cannot hire 80k people

  • @burzane
    @burzane 2 роки тому +76

    A mine making millions, and look at their lifestyle and poverty... Also getting arrested for "stealing" for some food from their own country resources. This is disgusting.

    • @wiltonmassitela2343
      @wiltonmassitela2343 2 роки тому +4

      Exactly. Thank you for Your Wisdom.

    • @roarbertbearatheon8565
      @roarbertbearatheon8565 Рік тому +1

      And when that mine leaves there will be absolutely nothing except open hands reaching for a hand out

    • @GoldenBoy-et6of
      @GoldenBoy-et6of 11 місяців тому +1

      Yall don't seem to relise their adults chosing to work in the mine by their own free will, people in America pay alot just to visit these mines and spend a day in the mine themselves. It's a privilege to have a ruby mine , also stealing what others grow is not ok , they need to grow their own food instead of committing crimes, you and them are the probl3m

    • @edmonddantes5104
      @edmonddantes5104 11 місяців тому

      The man who owns the mine is a colonial European man

    • @thefinster
      @thefinster 8 місяців тому

      The mine is providing 1500 jobs, 97% for people from Mozambique. The company are the highest tax payers in the region and are supporting thousands of medical consultations, school placements, infrastructure investment and training centres. Please get your facts straight.

  • @juanpablosanchezaveleyra6454
    @juanpablosanchezaveleyra6454 2 роки тому +94

    People thrown in jail for "stealing" resources that should be theirs, not owned by a shady occidental company.

    • @infinitebb
      @infinitebb 2 роки тому +1

      YA KNA 🙌🙌🙌

    • @olsaffa7679
      @olsaffa7679 2 роки тому +3

      It does because everyone is supposed to get something from the taxes paid. But as usual, the government spending the taxes correctly is a problem. The people should make sure the government they vote for is a good government. That's how all the people benefit.

    • @juanpablosanchezaveleyra6454
      @juanpablosanchezaveleyra6454 2 роки тому

      @@olsaffa7679 But we have already known for decades that concession of a states natural resources only benefits the companies, maybe a few politicians and generate inequality. There have never been a different result, ever. Not in Latin America, not in africa, not in Asia. It's imperialism. And it only benefits the top 1%, always
      It is easy to blame the governments, but it's the IMF, WB and occidental organizations that push for this privatization, and they know every single leader can be either corrupted or pressured, that's their speciality.

    • @juanpablosanchezaveleyra6454
      @juanpablosanchezaveleyra6454 2 роки тому

      @@olsaffa7679 Like Right now, the US south command, Laura Richardson, is planning to take some Military proxy war or tactic to take Bolivia's (and the triangle) Lithium.
      Of course, DW will never address this, but they are planning to steal the lithium in LA, everybody knows it does not benefit locals, but nobody cares.

    • @Pepe-dq2ib
      @Pepe-dq2ib 2 роки тому +3

      It is their corrupt government, not the corps. The gov can out restrictions and laws on the crops operation in their country to benefit their people.

  • @CodingWithUnity
    @CodingWithUnity 2 роки тому +40

    "the mine has been burrying people alive so complaint boxes were set up"
    thats hilarious

    • @draco2xx
      @draco2xx 2 роки тому +4

      they will just throw complaint papers in the trash

    • @WhuDhat
      @WhuDhat 2 роки тому +2

      the mineshaft is the "Complaint box"

    • @lrn_news9171
      @lrn_news9171 2 роки тому

      That was just a claim without evidence though. And I hope we all know here that DW is not the most trustworthy source, it's literally a state owned outlet.

  • @MARIOdeANGOLA
    @MARIOdeANGOLA 2 роки тому +29

    Thanks, DW. This is a great documentary.

  • @GJ-ub2im
    @GJ-ub2im 2 роки тому +20

    Feel sad for these poor ppl... God bless them

  • @dekev7503
    @dekev7503 2 роки тому +39

    There is always going to be poverty when raw materials are involved. The powers that be ALWAYS MAKE SURE THAT these places remain ungovernable in order to exploit their desperation

  • @alphahoss1947
    @alphahoss1947 2 роки тому +25

    Sounds like a bunch of BS that the locals are being cared for at all and then they act like they don’t understand why people get violent when their wealth is being robbed from underneath them and they’re not getting anything but grief and sorrow The greed of some people knows no boundaries.

    • @WillieFungo
      @WillieFungo 2 роки тому

      It's not their wealth. They probably didn't even know what rubies were until that mine came along. Instead of bum rushing the place, they should politically and economically organize themselves to get shares in the mine or even a land concession. Until people like them wise up and act like intelligent humans, they will always be at the bottom of any society they inhabit, even their own.

    • @CarsonSingclere
      @CarsonSingclere 24 дні тому

      Those rubies wouldn’t be anything if it weren’t for foreign buyers. It’s not there wealth. They didn’t put value on it, outsiders did.

  • @teflon914
    @teflon914 2 роки тому +12

    As an African I can say that all the money is going into the politicians and government employees pockets. That lady talking at 10:45 already filled her pockets, she doesn’t care about developing the country. Self preservation.

    • @Flower-ck2bs
      @Flower-ck2bs 2 роки тому +3

      So true.

    • @chuckdeezy_313
      @chuckdeezy_313 6 місяців тому

      Then may I suggest removing the crooked from office and ex!stance?

    • @JacoSchwartz-p5t
      @JacoSchwartz-p5t Місяць тому

      I agree 💯.....they are neglecting their own people.

  • @cheri238
    @cheri238 2 роки тому +36

    This happens in all countries where there are need for resources. It has been going on for centuries. Look at South American countries, the Middle East. Diamonds, emeralds, rubies, gold, copper, lithium, uranium, trees, the vultures of governments and Coorperations. New ideas now. 💡 Love to all humanity ❤️ Families and people come first in all countries, not greed.

    • @CHMichael
      @CHMichael 2 роки тому

      But some spread the wealth - ask them for advice.

    • @Pepe-dq2ib
      @Pepe-dq2ib 2 роки тому +3

      @@CHMichael no they dont, but they do provide jobs.

    • @CHMichael
      @CHMichael 2 роки тому

      @@Pepe-dq2ib emirates seem to do it right. - also Sweden. - Alaska has some profit sharing.
      I wonder if some of these people would be willing to set up a system that is good for the people. ( I know- it's a fairytale)

    • @ericcloud1023
      @ericcloud1023 2 роки тому

      It's a sad fact that as our societies grow from tribes to nations the amount of power/authority conceded to Gov'ts inherently becomes abusive towards the civilians. Everything that's been tried has failed to curb the cycle, true democracies can't scale, republics eventually raise corrupt senates, Monarch's are a coin flip, Communism eventually eats itself through inept central control/rising dictators. I could go on for a long while, but I think I made my point lol. The only way to prolong our collapse is by being an educated, alert & cohesive citizenry with iron-clad rights

    • @Kenny.G-33
      @Kenny.G-33 2 роки тому

      Australia

  • @rankang2194
    @rankang2194 2 роки тому +24

    These people have EVERY RIGHT TO MINE ON THEIR HOMELAND! This is BS, these people should share in the profits plain and simple.

    • @GreenAppelPie
      @GreenAppelPie 2 роки тому +3

      This is history repeating itself over and over

    • @Pepe-dq2ib
      @Pepe-dq2ib 2 роки тому +3

      I dont know the property laws in Mozambique, but i imagine that the government owns the land around the mines, not the farmers.

  • @paulinekamau9633
    @paulinekamau9633 2 роки тому +19

    African leaders please make our countries better it’s high time

    • @CS-dn8rd
      @CS-dn8rd 2 роки тому

      Well..I suggest you not hold your breath🤷🏽‍♀️. Not them nor any world government will do that. Have you all not read Bible prophecies?
      Well whether you believe the Bible or not, see for yourself and then look around to see if what it foretold a long time ago is being fulfilled in our modern day. Then decide if it is lying or it is the honest to God truth🤷🏽‍♀️
      ​ You seriously think they can simply use votes to force A Government…any Government to give them a better life? Do you think they have the will or the intention to do so. When ever has this worked on this planet earth? Where in the world has voting and politicians improve the lives of its citizens by means of vote? You all in for a very rude awakening if you think or believe the one who rules and control and runs the world Satan the Devil 💎1 John 5:19 who has his minions in the Body of Government and man is going to allow them to fix what he intends to destroy….souls and lives and Almighty God’s beautiful creation…planet earth. If voting worked, things would have gotten better along time ago but instead things have gotten worst, are getting worst and will get worst than this for people all over the world. YOU AIN’T SEE NOTHING YET…JUST YOU HOLD ON A LITTLE WHILE LONGER…EARTHQUAKES, FOOD SHORTAGES, PESTILENCE, PLAGUES AND SICKNESSES OF ALL SORTS, PERSECUTION ….💎Matthew 24:1- 51 (READ THE ENTIRE CHAPTER FOR WHAT GOD TOLD US IS COMING. IF YOU THINK THIS IS A LIE, THEN READ THIS CHAPTER AND ITS SCRIPTURES AND THEN LOOK AROUND AND WATCH YOUR LOCAL AND WORLDLY NEWS.
      You know what this mean? THE GREAT TRIBULATION. These conditions will be unlike any that had occurred since men came to be on the earth….💎Revelation 16:17-21 (Read the entire chapter for full context). Our world as we know it is coming to an End JUST AS THE BIBLE HAS FORETOLD. We are in critical times…End times. JUST YOU READ 💎2 Timothy 3:1-5 which confirms this fact. No HUMAN GOVERNMENT CAN FIXED THE WICKEDNESS THAT PLAGUES THIS ENTIRE EARTH BECAUSE THIS WORLD WAS HANDED TO SATAN THE DEVIL TO CONTROL… HENCE THE MESS IT IS IN.
      Read 💎Revelation 12:12. SATAN TRIED TO OFFER IT TO JESUS WHEN HE TRIED TO TEMPT JESUS TO BOW DOWN AND WORSHIP HIM. Jesus wanted no parts of this world,.. nothing or any of the things in it because his kingdom is not of this world. Be like Jesus know and understand you all will never by voting get a human government to fix ANYTHING because Jesus is returning to to destroy the works of the Devil 💎1 John 3:8. And a New Kingdom…God’s Kingdom 💎Daniel 2:44 will replace this wicked one by cleansing it is the wicked one (Satan) and his followers. And the righteous will inherit the new earth 💎Psalm 37:9-11, 22, 29, 34.
      SO IN ESSENCE PEOPLES VOTES ARE AN ABSOLUTE WASTE OF TIME AND WILL AMOUNT TO NOTHING. BUT THEIR IS HOPE IN THE NEW WORLD TO COME….GODS KINGDOM…VOTE FOR THAT KINGDOM BY SPREADING THE GOOD NEWS AS WE ARE COMMISSIONED TO DO BY GOD AND HIS SON JESUS CHRIST
      💎Matthew 24:14 AND 💎Matthew 28:19, 20. And TELL THEM ABOUT THE NEW WORLD THEY CAN LOOK FORWARD TO
      💎Revelation 21:3, 4 BECAUSE THIS ONE IS JUST ABOUT OVER AS WE STEADILY MARCH CLOSER AND CLOSER TO THE END. THE WORLD AND THE WORLD CONDITIONS IS PROOF POSITIVE OF THIS TRUTH…BIBLE PROPHECIES ARE BEING FULFILLED. FOR THOSE WHO READ AND STUDY THE BIBLE THIS IS QUITE EVIDENT.
      SO NO MA’AM, VOTING WILL NOT FIX SOMETHING THAT IS MEANT TO BE DESTROYED AND REPLACED WITH SOMETHING BETTER JUST AS. ALMIGHTY GOD INTENDED IT TO BE WHEN HE CREATED THE GARDEN OF EVE AND PLACED THOSE TWO SOULS HER CREATED IN IT (ADAM and EVE) who messed things up because of their disobedience to God’s Law.
      Same destruction is coming to this earth like in the days of Noah and Sodom and Gomorrah because man choose to be like and follow the ways and rule of the Devil, the god of this world and Not our Almighty God. DISOBEDIENCE BRINGS DESTRUCTION.
      GOD’S KINGDOM IS THE ONLY THING THAT CAN FIX WHAT AILS THIS WORLD…NO EARTHLY GOVERNMENT…NO MAN. IT THEY COULD, IT WOULD HAVE ALREADY BEEN DONE🤷🏽‍♀️.
      LET THOSE WHO HAVE EARS HEAR AND LISTEN. CONSIDER YOURSELVES WARNED⚠️

    • @butchfils9464
      @butchfils9464 2 роки тому

      Exactly

    • @Flower-ck2bs
      @Flower-ck2bs 2 роки тому

      NOW!!!!!!!!

    • @AlphaMaverick1111
      @AlphaMaverick1111 Рік тому

      Africa has to unite first.

    • @anthonymanderson7671
      @anthonymanderson7671 Рік тому

      This is why the population should vote more wisely.

  • @jo-joserraventoso6465
    @jo-joserraventoso6465 2 роки тому +53

    Thus the wheel of history goes round and round , a never endind vicious and corrupted cicle 😲

    • @frenetic1057
      @frenetic1057 2 роки тому +4

      Indeed it's so disheartening

    • @CS-dn8rd
      @CS-dn8rd 2 роки тому +2

      God has a plan for all of them. This will not continue indefinitely. I can assure you of that.

    • @serenityx8927
      @serenityx8927 2 роки тому

      🇹🇹🇩🇰
      You can say that again!
      And they old, dried up, wrinkled up and drop dead and left it all behind for another greedy heartless, evil soul to enjoy...and the cycle continues.
      Disgusting Corrupted Humans👎💩

    • @marcoslightspeed5517
      @marcoslightspeed5517 2 роки тому

      @@CS-dn8rd Bruh

    • @Flower-ck2bs
      @Flower-ck2bs 2 роки тому

      @@CS-dn8rd nonsense

  • @federicokafeero9987
    @federicokafeero9987 2 роки тому +9

    This makes me want to cry

  • @dr.brandileebunge
    @dr.brandileebunge 2 роки тому +16

    Heart💔😢 sickening to see these people impoverished by it's own Govt.'s greed & oppression!!!

  • @elton7425
    @elton7425 2 роки тому +24

    Isn't it a odd coincidence militants tend to pop up where there is precious stones, oil etc

    • @ok.ok.5735
      @ok.ok.5735 2 роки тому +1

      Isn’t it odd money is the root of all evil? 🤑💰💵💵💵💲💲💲🙈🙉

    • @tshoganetsomokowe1815
      @tshoganetsomokowe1815 2 роки тому

      They know what they are doing

  • @KaushalKumar-se7sb
    @KaushalKumar-se7sb 2 роки тому +68

    What an informative documentary... I always love to watch DW Documentary.

    • @daniantonio5992
      @daniantonio5992 2 роки тому +2

      I am from mozambique and can tell you this documentary is for intertaining. Did they tell you that terrorist only appear after the multinationals start exploring? Did they tell you the multinationals have private army that kill people when cought diging? Do you know we never a single al shabab

    • @MFYouTube683
      @MFYouTube683 2 роки тому

      @@daniantonio5992 is there any way to get in touch with you via e-mail? I would very much like to speak with you about what you know in this regard.

    • @KaushalKumar-se7sb
      @KaushalKumar-se7sb 2 роки тому +2

      @@daniantonio5992 I know about the private army of multinational and exploitation of resources and people by them..But it is your government who allow them for money..and like most of the African countries government will spent few dollars on public and kept a large chunk for themselves...I said that line about DW Documentary because I haven't heard about monazambiqe and the rubies mining industry..I came to know first time.

    • @daniantonio5992
      @daniantonio5992 2 роки тому +1

      @@KaushalKumar-se7sb those goverments are western pupets, western put them there heigther by changing regime or manipulate election

    • @KaushalKumar-se7sb
      @KaushalKumar-se7sb 2 роки тому

      @@daniantonio5992 I agree...We have seen this in Africa, middle East, Afghanistan, Vietnam.

  • @dubinatub1
    @dubinatub1 2 роки тому +11

    Poor guy just trying to feed his family

  • @bangolobo1235
    @bangolobo1235 2 роки тому +4

    Please make a part 2 of this

  • @Mr.Stingy
    @Mr.Stingy 2 роки тому +26

    Sad state of our Nations. Government of Mozambique has neglected these people living around the mine. Can’t help but think about the guy when he was caught and he mentioned he have a 4 month old.

    • @RichardVSmall
      @RichardVSmall 2 роки тому

      Why have kids you can't feed?

    • @Mr.Stingy
      @Mr.Stingy 2 роки тому +1

      @@RichardVSmall Being poor is a pain

    • @Msambweni
      @Msambweni 2 роки тому

      @@RichardVSmall he was trying to make a living.

    • @thewarriorbunny
      @thewarriorbunny 2 роки тому

      @@RichardVSmall In many African cultures, if you do not have a child, your marriage is not viewed as a marriage by the family. And remember they do not have the same mind set as you. We get a bigger picture of the world and the economy than they do. I also understand that the gov can not afford to help everyone. Even here in South Africa, the tax payers is a tiny % of the population. It is a catch 22. You want your cities to run like a first world city (or as close as you can get it) so we can compete with the world and be a player. And at the same time fight crime, poverty and corruption and an infustructure that needs to be maintained and grow. This is a small part of a country. I bet there are similar things happening in your own country. A small town gets polluted for capital gain.

  • @gwalsh1657
    @gwalsh1657 2 роки тому +11

    This mine is owned 75 percent by a company based on London called Gemfields where they funnel all profits out of Mozambique to outside investors. Disgusting.

    • @andreabontempo643
      @andreabontempo643 2 роки тому +4

      It's probably owned by the Queen of England. I just found out one of the biggest copper mines in the world which is in Utah near my house is supposedly owned by the Queen. What doesn't this evil woman own?

    • @elainelindsey1306
      @elainelindsey1306 2 роки тому +3

      @@andreabontempo643 it's the same here with south africas gold and diamonds. The queen currently has the biggest south african diamond ever found the cullinan, she also wears indian kohinoor diamond on her crown. How can u ever respect a queen that wears a stolen diamond on her crown

    • @edmonddantes5104
      @edmonddantes5104 11 місяців тому

      The European Colonial Devil

    • @thefinster
      @thefinster 8 місяців тому +2

      Gemfields employ 1500 people, 97% from Mozambique, they are the largest tax paying in the region and around 80% of all revenue generated stays in Mozambique.

  • @pecelirovucago7149
    @pecelirovucago7149 2 роки тому +7

    Thanks for your video, lessons learned!
    Simple.

    • @daniantonio5992
      @daniantonio5992 2 роки тому +1

      I am from mozambique and can tell you this documentary is for intertaining. Did they tell you that terrorist only appear after the multinationals start exploring? Did they tell you the multinationals have private army that kill people when cought diging? Do you know we never a single al shabab

  • @isausilva819
    @isausilva819 2 роки тому +4

    It is triate to see a country with immeasurable wealth and with so many mining companies that take advantage of cheap labor often from corrupt governments that end up leaving its people increasingly poor and in misery

  • @qhawemoyo8940
    @qhawemoyo8940 2 роки тому +19

    Thank you foe another insightful documentary. Could you do one for the gas projects in Mozambique as well? The mine manager must be Zimbabwean, his Shona accent and polished English displays that.

  • @carettamyers13
    @carettamyers13 2 роки тому +31

    I was saddened to hear of the atrocities meted out to the people of the area. Buried alive? For risking their lives to earn a living? Oh my goodness! Yes, they are infringing on company property but where's the compassion? It's a matter of survival NOT greed! Can there be a compromise where the locals are given a section of the mining area to do their own mining on a rostered basis perhaps and then sell the rubies mined to the company? Surely, there must be an equitable solution. My heart bleeds...

    • @Deadassbruhfrfr
      @Deadassbruhfrfr 2 роки тому +1

      Nah

    • @msi4063
      @msi4063 2 роки тому +3

      @Jack Burton Actually that's how the American public became wealthy during the Gold rush, they panned and mined gold using simple tools and sold it to the govt. Africa has a curse, you can have a company extracting billions of dollars a year from an area but the locals don't eat 2 meals a day or have running or even clean water. In many cases the companies destroy the local water supplies. To compound the problem the revenue generated from these govt private company partnerships rarely makes it's way back to the nations treasury, it usually ends in the pockets of a few powerful politicians.

    • @faith5401
      @faith5401 2 роки тому

      I totally Agreed with u!! The locals are so poor to risk their lives for living only, who to blame ??? The Government of course!! Creat job employment to these poor locals, and NOT LOCK them up in jail !! So sad indeed .. GOD BLESS THE LOCALS ♥️♥️♥️✝️

    • @faith5401
      @faith5401 2 роки тому

      @@msi4063
      Exactly!! GOD WILL JUDGE THESE SINFUL PPLS on JUDGEMENT DAY !! We now living in END TIME. ✝️GOD IS LOVE. HE hates Greeds n Sins. The Result of SIN is DEATH !! 💀

    • @thefinster
      @thefinster 8 місяців тому

      The solution is called property rights and competent government.

  • @assanelourenco3183
    @assanelourenco3183 2 роки тому +3

    Thank you DW for showing our reality, this's Africa 😭😭😭😭

  • @GreenAppelPie
    @GreenAppelPie 2 роки тому +33

    I cannot imagine why this is a market. Synthetic ruby is quite affordable. I purchased a 10mm round brilliant cut for $20 last year for cosplay jewelry. I double checked it for hardness and florescence and it was absolutely real. People giving up so much for a few non-remarkable gems is sad and self-destructive.

    • @yasuke4593
      @yasuke4593 2 роки тому +3

      I think you might be mistaken. In this video 122kg were on auction and the turnover was close $100M. So, break it down it comes to approximately $817 per gram. That's huge.

    • @yasuke4593
      @yasuke4593 2 роки тому +2

      Apparently, they can run as little as $1 per carat to $100,000 per carat, It depends. So, my bad..you ain't wrong. But in this video, clearly this are expensive gems.

    • @mabrenz_n5391
      @mabrenz_n5391 2 роки тому +6

      They are remarkable to the buyers that's why they don't buy synthetic like you. Stick to synthetic and let those who want real ones buy those ones.

    • @Gyaradosage
      @Gyaradosage 2 роки тому +8

      There are people who don’t want affordable. They want to flaunt how much money they spend on something that can so easily be synthesized. It’s not about how much they can save, but how much they can spend.

    • @MFYouTube683
      @MFYouTube683 2 роки тому +9

      @@Gyaradosage I hope when all resources get scarce they will try to trade them and realise they can’t be eaten or still your thirst. They sure are beautiful. But so are the flowers in my garden in full bloom during the summertime.

  • @marllonlanga
    @marllonlanga 2 роки тому +2

    My country Mozambique. It's pretty sad what's happening here. There are several years of mineral exploration but the people of the region still hunt rats to eat. The whole country is full of minerals, we can get rich, wealth is having good living conditions, not lacking water, bread, schools, hospitals, gardens, and mainly sources of income to be able to occupy young people, want jobs. We are having a mismanagement of the people's assets. Our country, as always, will serve as a source, a stage to enrich people, other countries. Local politics that should interfere so that these riches are distributed to the people, do nothing, they themselves are the ones who steal, help the foreigner to take advantage. It is tearing what is happening in Mozambique. Every day several discoveries of minerals but without improvements in living conditions. We have gas in abundance but it is not benefiting anyone, just a few. The clear example is gas from Inhambane. Now, if he helped us, we wouldn't be paying high bills for water, electricity, garbage fees, cooking gas... Since the State, the country has minerals to be extracted. It's regret.
    Thanks to Dw for the documentary. There's a lot going on that even we here don't know because we don't have access to information.

  • @camloff
    @camloff 8 місяців тому

    Long time ago (1964) I lived in that area of Cabo Delgado, Moz. Diving in the Quirimbas and fishing was marvellous off shore Mocimboa da Praia, in the small island of TAMBUZI. People around were so kind and so respectful.
    It was a nice years stay at Cabo Delgado. The sea (fishes and corals) was so special and a great time of my life.

  • @debrajbanerjee95
    @debrajbanerjee95 2 роки тому +9

    Oh God !! This is just like the same story in the West African diamond mines of Sierra Leone. Lust and greed practically dominates in this Kali Yuga. Satyajit Ray's 1980 cult movie "Hirak Rajar Deshe" has perfectly depicted the story of these poor miners and farmers.

  • @DSFeweaDJsMaeze
    @DSFeweaDJsMaeze 2 роки тому +16

    Very sad that poor African people getting more poor and business people international taking there wealth. We need to stop this. 100% this is for African people Wealth not for other countries. My heart is broken

  • @jamesjohnmoss8130
    @jamesjohnmoss8130 2 роки тому +5

    Powerful film, keep tackling these issues, please. Question, if you do not buy the stones what can you do to help?

    • @draco2xx
      @draco2xx 2 роки тому

      nothing, the rich needs their rubies for their wives wedding ring

  • @qdbodisava9210
    @qdbodisava9210 2 роки тому +6

    So sorry for these guys indeed!

  • @mishaguevara
    @mishaguevara 2 роки тому +14

    All this for little red stones

  • @presterjohn1697
    @presterjohn1697 2 роки тому +8

    Nationalize the ruby business. This is the birthright of the citizens of Mozambique.

    • @uncriecrasant
      @uncriecrasant 2 роки тому +1

      Yeah, that will surely eliminate state driven corruption

    • @presterjohn1697
      @presterjohn1697 2 роки тому

      @@uncriecrasant Perfectly neoliberal of you to say that. Thanks for your continued support of western hegemony and plunder in Mozambique.
      So ironic whenever a country decides to nationalize "their own" resources, the US suddenly institutes coups, regime change and economic warfare. Perhaps there's something to the whole nationalizing of "your own" resources. Hmmm

    • @presterjohn1697
      @presterjohn1697 2 роки тому

      @@uncriecrasant I assume your state run institutions are politically sanitary and not gamed by corporate interests. Oh course.

  • @bernita88chaser80
    @bernita88chaser80 2 роки тому +13

    damn shameful 😞 just terrible how African people are exploited an robbed 😢 sad

  • @JanuárioAvelinoFato
    @JanuárioAvelinoFato 4 місяці тому

    Good afternoon, I was one of the workers on this project, and saying I felt on the skin of the abuse by the patronages.

  • @factshaker633
    @factshaker633 Рік тому +2

    Showing multiple aspects of Ruby Mining ⛏️ Great Documentary

  • @criessmiles3620
    @criessmiles3620 2 роки тому +12

    Africa is the economic hub of the entire world 🌎
    Cheers from west Africa
    🦅

  • @calvinhicks1992
    @calvinhicks1992 2 роки тому +25

    African nations need to nationalise they’re resources and kick out the corporations.

    • @RocketMonke69420
      @RocketMonke69420 2 роки тому

      Well, from my experience they seem to be very keen on selling them to outsiders for nought...

    • @calvinhicks1992
      @calvinhicks1992 2 роки тому

      @@RocketMonke69420 And that is the problem.

    • @RK-cj4oc
      @RK-cj4oc 2 роки тому

      And then who will you sell the resources too that now are less efficiently produced and mined? The same countries whose companies you just kicked out? Joker.

    • @ArnoSnyman007
      @ArnoSnyman007 2 роки тому

      That mine seems like a local opparation and not a global one. So they can't kick out local corporations.

    • @calvinhicks1992
      @calvinhicks1992 2 роки тому

      @@RK-cj4oc You can sell to them but not let them control the resources. Prick.

  • @pirato23
    @pirato23 2 роки тому +4

    teach people agriculture ... mining is not a long term solution... create dams.. "we buy things that we can grow, that is sad" also, land rights, like the land should be given to people with title deeds

  • @winstondonald3979
    @winstondonald3979 2 роки тому +3

    25% of taxes. Damn foolishness. Its exploited.

    • @mademen806
      @mademen806 2 роки тому

      25% should go to federal taxes. 25% to the community 25% to the state taxes they can keep 25%. Otherwise they can leave. SMH

    • @RK-cj4oc
      @RK-cj4oc 6 місяців тому

      And then you have nobody doing this work.​@@mademen806

  • @robrob6719
    @robrob6719 2 роки тому +3

    Akh how can they face 5 years in jail for what their Land offers to em. God help this people,

  • @shardanette1
    @shardanette1 2 роки тому +29

    So sad to see. Such beautiful land and beautiful people. Colonialism really screwed Africa over.

    • @GreenAppelPie
      @GreenAppelPie 2 роки тому +1

      For hundreds of years

    • @Pepe-dq2ib
      @Pepe-dq2ib 2 роки тому +3

      Yup, everyone was just dancing around having fun with no murder in sight till the whyte man came.

    • @marcoslightspeed5517
      @marcoslightspeed5517 2 роки тому

      @@Pepe-dq2ib f wipipo. 👉🏿🙍‍♂️🙍‍♀️

    • @shihlamarisondlhovu6609
      @shihlamarisondlhovu6609 29 днів тому

      Poor governance took over where colonialism left off. I am certain that despite the history that Africa has with colonialism it would have been far developed if African leaders practiced good governance.

  • @collinsoduor9659
    @collinsoduor9659 2 роки тому +1

    Good that you exposed this to the world. Something needs to change

  • @1Tahseen1
    @1Tahseen1 11 місяців тому

    Thanks DW This is a great documentary.

    • @DWDocumentary
      @DWDocumentary  11 місяців тому

      Thanks for watching and for the feedback!

  • @STONEDay
    @STONEDay 2 роки тому +1

    10:33 Countries damn well can become rich in two generations [50 years]. Seems that government official lacks vision.

  • @josegoncalvesmacamo2408
    @josegoncalvesmacamo2408 2 роки тому +2

    This is very, very, very sad.

  • @barimahkwakuosei8695
    @barimahkwakuosei8695 2 роки тому +7

    Hmmmm😭My prayers are with you, Mozambique. May JAEL, ARIEL bring back peace

  • @MnMcancook
    @MnMcancook 2 роки тому +3

    It is so sad to see so many different African countries being taken advantage of by corporations. This is just one example of resources found in one place that only benefit people in other places. Massive government corruption only adds to the suffering of the indigenous people. Mass migration is not a real solution unfortunately...the resolution must come from within in order for changes to be sustainable and truly beneficial.

  • @DaddySantaClaus
    @DaddySantaClaus 11 місяців тому

    I'm originally from Mozambique even though the last time I was there was in 1998. It breaks my heart.

  • @adil.m4590
    @adil.m4590 2 роки тому +2

    Political unrest in africa is the need of mining companies and the western market. Feeling sad for the people of Mozambique.

    • @serenityx8927
      @serenityx8927 2 роки тому

      🇩🇰🇹🇹
      Yeah, I feel the same too😪

  • @elliottswanson9307
    @elliottswanson9307 2 роки тому +7

    One could choose to stay out of all this and buy lab-made rubies. Much cheaper, still Al2O3 and the same optical/physical qualities as natural stones.

  • @g-dcomplex1609
    @g-dcomplex1609 2 роки тому +1

    i highly suggest to anyone reading this from mozambique or any other african country who has turned to claim jumping mines out of desperation, start digging prospect holes in places no one else has looked, and stay vigilant because you are going to discover either precious metals and or gem stones, when you do, keep your mouth/s shut, keep your discoveries a secret for as long as possible, anyone with the desire and determination can find gold or gems when they look hard enough for it

  • @bricaf
    @bricaf 2 роки тому +3

    Burying them alive, I was in the middle of something when I heard that, I looked up like what did I just hear?!?

    • @RossiRossida
      @RossiRossida 2 роки тому

      lol i think i know what you mean.

  • @ElJulioso
    @ElJulioso 2 роки тому

    10:22 is that a marble desk? This woman is making excuses for why there is so much poverty in the country while sitting at a marble desk? Not a good look for that government.

  • @misspamba1
    @misspamba1 2 роки тому +1

    5 yes for something you own?? Whereas Foreigners call it our mines?? The world is ruthless

  • @nishantahvan
    @nishantahvan 2 роки тому +2

    Major of gemstone 💎 in market are hoax. They charged you tonnes of money but when you try to sale it, it always water down price. I would buy gold or silver rather any stones.

  • @artbargestudio
    @artbargestudio 2 роки тому +1

    TALK ABOUT RICHNESS AND POVERTY! This is absolutely awful! I hope the Mozambique government put much more back into the communities!

  • @carlrodalegrado4104
    @carlrodalegrado4104 2 роки тому +1

    The resource curse
    If institutions aren't well established, corruption is rampant and the people don't get the benefits of their resources

  • @HerbaMachina
    @HerbaMachina 2 роки тому +2

    0:12 did this guy just say Ruby's are 10k/g lol no. Also it's stupid easy to make Ruby's, amd they're far better quality gemstones. Artificial Ruby's are superior.

  • @nameinvalid69
    @nameinvalid69 2 роки тому +2

    "can the lucrative business change that (poverty)?"
    of course no. There ten of thousands of example, you can just point your finger to a random spot on the globe, you will find resource exploitation by big corporation that do not benefit the local at all.

    • @AQuietNight
      @AQuietNight 2 роки тому

      A lot of socialist type countries have the same result. It is not always the
      corporation.

    • @Flower-ck2bs
      @Flower-ck2bs 2 роки тому

      @@AQuietNight yes, always the corporations including east and west.

  • @TheJacrespo
    @TheJacrespo Рік тому

    No, it is not 122 kg of rubies as the narrator reported in the documentary, but 1.223 kg reaped in 6 months. from Mozambique and sold in Bangkok. Total 100 million dollars, which is 16000 dollars per carat.

  • @richardjoseph8532
    @richardjoseph8532 2 роки тому +6

    I don't understand why there is an expectation for any business, whether it's a mine or a hamburger joint, to uplift the community within which it operates! If the mine is there legally, not breaking any laws, paying taxes and providing services to the community, what more do people expect them to do?! Should they give ALL the revenue to the locals? Then what's the incentive for them to carry the risk? I live in Africa and I see what the local tribes want... I'll give you a hint - it's not to earn an honest living or to start a sustainable business!

  • @awesomysticehab4493
    @awesomysticehab4493 2 роки тому

    wtf an ad after another ad after another ad after 5 seconds.

  • @AgathaR-v5y
    @AgathaR-v5y Рік тому +1

    Great movie! You "eventually" ..................................................have to take some responsibility for your own poverty. You can no longer blame Colonialism after 50 years

  • @bev8200
    @bev8200 2 роки тому +1

    Imagine being in jail for looking for rocks. It’s almost like humanity is running in place.

  • @faridouedraogo4939
    @faridouedraogo4939 2 роки тому +1

    I don't understand why African countries are so dependant on foreign countries to sell their resources; aren't they losing an enormous part of the profits like that, keeping the country poor?

  • @beautifulcrazy
    @beautifulcrazy 2 роки тому +2

    It's never enough. We know that the taxes do not filter down to the people

  • @mademen806
    @mademen806 2 роки тому +1

    Thailand doesn’t even have a mine yet most of the sale happens there. Fucking maddness! Wtf!

  • @irenesorina3934
    @irenesorina3934 2 роки тому +1

    It happened all over the world with regards with mining business,they manipulate the people instead of giving them the opportunity to have a better life through what they get from stone mining industry,only the govt,politicians got the percentage of mining industry.

  • @marllonlanga
    @marllonlanga 2 роки тому +6

    Meu país Moçambique. É bem triste o que está acontecendo aqui. São vários anos de exploração de minerais mas o povo da região ainda caça ratos para comer. Todo o país é cheio de minerais, nos podemos ficar ricos, riqueza é ter boas condições de vida, não faltar água, pão, escolas, hospitais, jardins, e principalmente fontes de rendas para poder ocupar os jovens, quer emprego. Estamos a ter uma má gerência dos bens do povo. O nosso país como sempre vai servir como fonte, palco para poder enriquecer pessoas, outros países. A política local que devia interferir de modo que essas riquezas se distribui para o povo, nada faz, eles mesmo, são os que roubam, ajudam o estrangeiro a tirar proveito. É de lacrimejar o que está acontecendo em Moçambique. A cada dia várias descobertas de minerais mas sem melhorias de condições de vida. Temos o gás em abundância mas o mesmo não está beneficiando a ninguém, alguns apenas. O exemplo claro é o gás de Inhambane. Ora, se o mesmo ajudasse-nos não estaríamos a pagar altas faturas de água, de energia elétrica, taxa de lixo, gás de cozinha... Sendo que o Estado, o país tem minerais a ser extraídos. É lamentar.
    Agradecemos a Dw pelo documentário. Há muita coisa que está acontecendo que nem nós daqui sabemos porque não acesso de informação.

    • @DWDocumentary
      @DWDocumentary  2 роки тому +1

      Thanks a lot for taking the time to comment. We kindly ask our viewers to comment on our channel in English so that we can answer questions and encourage dialogue.
      Thank you and all the best,
      The DW Documentary Team

    • @madaraabdula9211
      @madaraabdula9211 Рік тому +1

      @@DWDocumentary Ajudem aos Moçambicanos.

  • @aandrissotim2012
    @aandrissotim2012 2 роки тому +1

    I’m Mozambican and this is BS
    We the people pay the real price of these mines

  • @zeveneag4782
    @zeveneag4782 2 роки тому +2

    I belive te poverty next to this type of mines are not an accident. In an already distabilized region, it is easy for greed to prevail.

  • @oldguy7144
    @oldguy7144 2 роки тому +1

    How much do they pay the miners?

  • @marcusp905
    @marcusp905 2 роки тому +2

    All this for a ring or a necklace !!boy's 70% chance the relationship will end badly 🤣

  • @fredrickrari9338
    @fredrickrari9338 2 роки тому +1

    How comes the locals cant legaly mine the gems n the big company can?
    Surely the locals too have the potential to mine.

  • @brucepedersen4032
    @brucepedersen4032 2 роки тому

    What would you do as manager to keep the mine operating ?

    • @RubeeDtimebot000
      @RubeeDtimebot000 2 роки тому +1

      Get Elon billionaire to go in and improve the local workers lifestyle. He'll need his own private army for security to Stay there long term. But no they're taking monkeys to the moon

  • @Lord_Juvens
    @Lord_Juvens 2 роки тому +13

    Any company should be responsible for their action, no matter the location. The issue at hand is a company making use of a country that has no proper baseline to control and regulate companies. So, although the company being technically at fault, that's like complaining about stealing in an area where stealing is encourage. It's ridicilous. Unless you fix the baseline you can't expect to fix the problem, one company will just be replaced with another.
    To top it all off, if we as humans don't start with stopping to harm each other, we will never reach global equality. That includes the morons pointing fingers while doing jackshit themselves to change the status quo.

  • @RM-fe6ye
    @RM-fe6ye 2 роки тому +8

    These rubies don’t look all that beautiful…

    • @luizmatthew1019
      @luizmatthew1019 2 роки тому +4

      They aren't very transparent and don't shine much until polished and cut

    • @HerbaMachina
      @HerbaMachina 2 роки тому

      Raw uncut gemstones aren't generally very pretty until cut and polished.

  • @JohnDoe-fm2yk
    @JohnDoe-fm2yk 2 роки тому

    This dude is so healthy and comparisons to everybody else line straight to his teeth

  • @ludgerofernandes9302
    @ludgerofernandes9302 Рік тому

    Steps being Taken 🤣🤣🤣 my Next Life 😂😂😂

  • @abelmaseko4040
    @abelmaseko4040 Рік тому

    I own the Machubo/Macandza/Calanga land in Mozambique, my great grand father Folichi Macandza fought three wars and got to own this land, one day with my own money I'll build a school and hospital for people in this community

  • @jeanmoke1
    @jeanmoke1 2 роки тому +2

    Visceral reaction seeing more European owners of African mines. Seems history is repeating itself.

  • @acmcgowan751
    @acmcgowan751 2 роки тому

    This is I humane. The people should be compensated. Problem is people are never a priority.

  • @lindokuhlehlatshwayo9215
    @lindokuhlehlatshwayo9215 2 роки тому +1

    One wonder how come minerals of Mozambique belongs to the mine that's foreign owned 🤔🤔

  • @theswiftschoolofselfhealing
    @theswiftschoolofselfhealing 2 роки тому +2

    Until we become real human beings that understand we all live here together and have to function as a whole unit as obviously affect each other with our thoughtlessness, greed and selfishness; not much is going to work well. We see it everywhere. We have created an unsustainable world system. We like to point the finger at one person or one city or country as the problem. Our attitude towards each other is our biggest problem. We destroy each other constantly and think nothing of us, thinking it doesn't land on our heads, but it does.

  • @myung-heebauer6639
    @myung-heebauer6639 2 роки тому +1

    South Korea has rebuilt the economy from war torn to prosperity in 50 years. This Mozambique government official lady needs to find other explanation why her country is still so poor.

  • @TinaMei627
    @TinaMei627 2 роки тому

    I am a Mozambican I can tell you the money only goes to the government, this lady is telling lies, she is also corrupted…it breaks my heart to see this.

  • @boeingpameesha9550
    @boeingpameesha9550 2 роки тому +1

    Good to know, thanks!

  • @Mr.Kreator
    @Mr.Kreator 2 роки тому +6

    Facts of the World Today....
    While the Rich gets Richer and the poor gets poorer 🥺

  • @luismaposse8357
    @luismaposse8357 6 місяців тому

    This people should never be arrested. People in Mozambique are trugling, living without a food for days. they have been in this land for too long and no one never came to them even to give them a thing. now that they have descovered rubys, they came and private them to make use of their onw land. thats the result of bad government. FRELIMO MUST LEAVE THE POWER. WE ARE TIRED

  • @ninasantos261
    @ninasantos261 2 роки тому

    These precious ruby stones are stained with the blood of innocent people. Not worth buying. Thanks DWTV

  • @salmandekkari5523
    @salmandekkari5523 3 місяці тому

    The way I see it is that the mining company is legitime, they pay their due taxes. but there is no action taken by the government to reinvest these taxes into the community, a region shouldn't rely on a single type of revenue. they should attract other investors to the region to create other job opportunities in other sectors and fields maybe farming using the wasted of the mine and that will make it more sustainable, or introducing textile companies, honestly it could be anything whatever the sector is, because diversifying is key to prosperity; one day all those rubies will be gone and they will be left with nothing.
    I blame it on their government rather on the company.