On the origins of land life
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- Опубліковано 7 вер 2024
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Vid about the crab tank: • Three-tiered vivarium ...
Vid about the garden enclosure: • Floating strawberries,...
Adam’s transition into being a dude who likes talking about his nerdy hobbies is one of the best things ever
Being rich must be so nice. Endless time and space to pursue your passions instead of always working for the next check.
He's earned it, so I'm happy for him.
It’s his autism reveal party!
I enjoy the big yaps
Facts
Same arc as the Top Gear trio.
Adam tries to speedrun evolution in his backyard
Speedrun to first biological lazer gun any%
He will then make clone of himself to ensure that he will never retire.
Doomed to forever appease the algorithm gods.
He already has the crab, which is the end of all lines of evolution.
was looking for this comment lol
Adam did a great thing by branding his channel with his own name instead of some kind of a food-based channel name. This way he can do whatever "Adam Ragusea" does and not what a "food" channel is expected to do.
(edit) SEAfood Ragu recipe when??
I mean there wasn't really any branding to begin with. This really is just his personal google account afaik
You'd be surprised how many food channels are simply the creator's name
just like Pewdie, the channel contents are wider than before
What are you talking about, his channel name is literally ragu-sea
The Red Coats ❤
Nice video! As a biologist, I really enjoy seeing Adam nerdying about these topics.
Just one comment though: at 9:05 he says that land plants evolved from cyanobacteria, which is not the case. Plants are eukaryotes, which are veeery distant relatives of prokaryotes like cyanobacteria. Plants' chloroplasts, on the other hand, *are* cyanobacteria (or at least used to be). These organelles originated from endosymbiosis, when a distant unicellular ancestor of plants engulfed a cyanobacterium and, instead of digesting it as it normally would, developed an intricate relationship with it. Over eons, the cyanobacterium became part of the other cell. That is pretty cool ^^
It’s all just a theory someone told you
@@MichaelWilliams85Yes. A theory that's backed up by evidence. Like how gravity is just a theory someone told you about. Or evolution. Or germ theory. Or heliocentrism. Or that the earth is round. Or plate tectonics. Or radiometric dating.
I think what he meant is that plants' ability to produce cellulose and use it for their cell walls come from their plasts, through some horizontal gene transfer.
This needs to be a pinned comment ❤
Well if a foundational portion of a plant cell evolved from cyanobacteria I'd say its fair to say that what he said is true...from a certain point of view. After all, the archaeans that became our mitochondria would be as important part of our evolutionary story as the ancestor of the nuclear DNA part of our cell. If the union of endosymbiont and host cell was necessary for us to exist, saying that we only evolved from one and not the other is like saying my grandfather is only my mother's father and not my father's father.
Fun fact about the Great Oxidation Event
The title "Rusting of the Earth" isn't metaphorical. Before oxygen became such a prominent component of Earth's atmosphere, there was a lot of pure metallic iron just floating around in the oceans. But when all that photosynthesis kicked in, there was suddenly a whole lot of oxygen around to turn that iron into rust. We know this because in places all around the world, you can find sedimentary rock with alternating layers of iron oxides and iron-poor rock (alternating because, as Adam mentioned in the video, the cyanobacteria would photosynthesize for a while, then die back until oxygen levels dropped and start again).
Gotta love them banded iron formations
It was not "pure metallic iron" floating in the ocean, but iron(II) (Fe2+) dissolved in the oceans that got oxidized into Fe3+ (rust) which precipitates in water.
I also recall that it's not the same thing. Any oxygen produced would've immediately reacted with the iron ions, and there's a *uck ton of it, so it could not have built up in sufficient amounts, until all the irons had been rusted over and precipitated out. THEN the oxygen could build up to trigger the great dying.
And that dying-out-and-resurging cycle is how cells evolved/developed tolerance to what's poisoning them, or gain the ability to directly benefit from said poison.
The timeline is also wrong. Banded iron formations are found in pre-Cambrian rock, whereas land plants didn't evolve until the Ordovician. An oxygen atmosphere already existed by then.
THE CRAB EATING THE FLOWER WITH HIS LITTLE CLAWS IS THE CUTEST THING THAT I'VE EVER SEEN!!!!!!
(3:54)
It's super adorable
He looks like he's eating popcorn while watching something XD
I'd watch a daily purple crab update!
@@krankarvolund7771🤣👏
Soon he'll be 8 feet tall and he'll be destroying cities along with his brethren.
This is a positive comment for the UA-cam algorithm
This is a negative comment for the UA-cam algorithm. This video made want to commit crimes of a violent, sexual nature
No it's not.
@@paintballercali yes it is, and this reply should hopefully boost engagement
@@swedneck more people need to argue in the comments!!!
@@paintballercali You are wrong, nobody should argue! (Oh, dammit)
Oh no he's becoming God
You ask God how to season your steak and what do you hear?
@@timmccarthy9917 I hear him telling me to season my cutting board.
Why i worship my god and not my relgion.
God is just a story. We have something much better: science; the ability to systematically test and understand reality.
please stop praying for my grandpa, he's too powerful!
Adam is certainly the only UA-cam foodie who can give a competent video about the origins of life, complete with his own terrarium.
If you are interested in learning or even making your own terrarium or aquarium I highly recommend checking out SerpaDesign.
I’m not certain Kenji has the background (he probably does though, his dad was a famed biologist and Kenji got some sort of engineering degree from MIt) but I’m certain J.Kenji Lopez-Alt would be more than able if he were to do a bit of research.
Also, it’s a bit disparaging to say no other food UA-camr could. Just because they don’t doesn’t mean they couldn’t. Adam and Kenji are both unique in that they don’t really care at this point about their UA-cam channels. For others, it their job, and often an entire team of employees job. Unfortunately, UA-cam algorithm promotes consistent viewership quality and content types for optimal success. This means very few UA-camrs branch out as a single poor performing video can hit later videos success quite heavily, unfortunately
@@Jordan-ru8yf Adam has consistently shown a solid understanding and interest in science, especially food science. He has a lot of depth in chemistry and biology,.
I'm Sure Kenji is a smart guy, but having a degree from MIT doesn't mean anything about what his interests are. If he's not a lifelong chemistry enthusiast he is unlikely to have the nerve or interest to make a video about such a daunting subject as the origin of life.
Of course there could be a food UA-camr out there who could make a video like this, but none have publicly shown such depth in science as Adam, so it would be surprising.
@@charliedoyle7824 Kenji is probably the most renowned test kitchen food scientist to have lived, and regularly applies chemistry to his work. His first book is called the food lab and could be considered, probably, the goto consumer textbook on food chemistry. Much of what UA-camrs do related to chemistry based cooking was popularized by Kenji (Adam/banish both readily admit to this often). I’m not trying to knock Adam, he’s great. And I’m not trying to nit pick your statement, I’m not aware if you have ever seen any of Kenjis stuff. But trust me, people like Adam are just following in the footsteps of Kenjis approach to cooking and science (which doesn’t mean they can’t be better at it, most science is heavily built on other peoples work).
I am 99% sure Kenji could make a video about much of this content without much additional research and study based on his content and knowledge shown
@@Jordan-ru8yf okay, fine. My point is mainly that if he doesn't regularly read about origin of life science and evolution, it's not likely he would take on such a project, even if he knows about the Maillard reaction and the PH of tomato sauce.
Just listening to Adam go on in his podcasts makes it obvious how wide-ranging his science interests are, and how he enjoys communicating those interests.
Adam could make a video on literally anything, and I would absolutely watch it
Your greenhouse is so gorgeous, im incredibly jealous. It seems like an incredibly peaceful place.
For reals
Cyanobacteria don't do photosynthesis "just like plants" but arguably they do it FOR plants! The plastids in the plant cell come from cyanobacteria that integrated within the eukaryotic cell to the point of being an integral part of it. This was the second time endosymbiosis of bacteria within eukaryotes gained them an additional and fundamental organelle
Mitochondria came before chloroplasts?
@@OmniversalInsect yup! remember plants also have those
So you're saying a tree is using hundreds of little terrace farms cultivating cyanobacteria
@@pascal6871 it depends. are you using millions of little terrace farms cultivating Rickettsia bacteria?
What's funny is that this enslavement of photosynthetic cells has happened recursively: a cyanobacterium became a chloroplast of another organism, which became a chloroplast of another organism, which become a chloroplast of another organism. There are also examples of protists which hunt algae and either steal their chloroplast or enslave the entire cell as an endosymbiont, but they haven't figured out yet how to make their photosynthesic slave reproduce so when the host cell divides one daughter cell inherits the symbiont and the other has to go hunt again.
Im addicted. Its crazy how im just following along becuase im so invested in his production. Everyrhing he does has so much flavor and zest. Hes a born online personality. Radio did him so many favors.
"the crab tank project" is a phrase my brain immediately interpreted in the coolest way possible
right after the crab train evolution
I originally came to this channel to learn how to make some pizza but stayed for the tangents and side content
The evolution of Adam's content has been one of my favourite developments of my modern UA-cam landscape
Adam talking about science is the best thing ever. Thanks for the transition.
I'm loving this "I'm just gonna talk about stuff I find interesting" Adam arc. I always learn something new that will inevitably put me in a Wikipedia rabbithole until 4am in the morning!
Love the loaches wriggling up above the waterline to nip at the terrestrial tasties!
Love how wholesome the whole aquarium saga has been
The most important part of this video is that Adam has a crab, a very tiny very precious very adorable lil crab. I would die for that crab.
Update: We must find this crab
Your home is so beautiful. I've always had a vague sense of what a dream house could be for me but looking at all of the green, the trees, and the little pond I'd like to imagine that that is a dream home. All of the green and the water tend to help my mental health and I'd imagine it does so for others.
But here I am in desert SoCal
My sympathies. I came from the Cascades in WA, so I can't imagine living in a desert.
This is a positive comment for the UA-cam algorithm
😊
"This is what I get for considering aesthetics" toooooooo real
There are home projects that look good, and home projects that work. Never the twain shall meet
I love the variety of his videos. Great videos that provide joyful and educational content
I LOVE your recent videos. You've explained evolution very accurately despite having a limited timeframe and an audience that may or may not understand more academic topics. "Life is just stuff that self sustains, and it's still here because well... it sustains itself"
You may be semi retired but the videos you've been making have been knocking it out of the park regardless!
Adam is like that one weird but slightly deranged cool uncle
When you use "but" in that way we expect an oppsit connotation to the following descriptive, like weird but cool, if you say two thing that are both somewhat negative or somewhat positive then "and" is better, "weird and deranged" or "smart but deranged" weird but deranged has a weird aftertaste.
@@SamTahbou man you really need to chill, my boy just wanted to make a comment and you analysed every word of it. 😂
@@maopedonz3983 … English majors, eh? >)X^D
You're on the channel of a well spoken, scientifically literate, former journalist.
Pedants are always in the woodwork. 😌☕
@@ShovelChef just make sure your pendant doesn't get into any heavy machinery 😏
That green house looks amazingly peaceful. I feel relaxed just watching that colorful crab eat that tiny flower
I absolutely adore this new format for you, Adam. So glad to see you doing things you REALLY want to make. It is obvious in your presentation and content!
I love that the feel of your interests and channel is akin to @AtomicShrimp 's variety videos!. Thank you for sharing those parts of yourself c:
Oh you’re right, AtomicShrimp is a great comparison to semi-retired Ragusea. I think AtomicShrimp mentioned being a fan of Ragusea’s a few years back too.
@@level10peon A laid back, urban foraging challenge colab would be great!
I really appreciate these new videos from prof. Regusea. Also those Vampire crabs are adorable and need names
It brings me great joy to be able to experience Adam's "listen to me nerd out about this thing I found cool" era.
Food videos are ok because you make it interesting with science stuff but these really are the best videos!
That Terrarium / Aquarium is absolutely AMAZING!! SO FREAKING cool!! I could watch it all day!!
Love your gardening adventures, Mr. Semi-Retired Ragusea.
I'm not touting your content as some sort of factual source, but I'm more than grateful to have your content as a reminder of the conclusions you can reach when you are curious about how things work. Education is a lifestyle and growth mindsets soak it up. This is why I'm commenting on a science video by an internet personality. ->
As guy that subbed for the cooking videos, I absolutely love seeing the aquaria and garden videos! More of this wouldn’t be a bad thing in the least! I’d actually enjoy seeing more of it!
I'm a simple man. I see Adam Ragusea's new upload, I give a Like before watch
well i’m not a man
Same, bro. 😊
I’m simple. I see
I subscribed for cooking and how you incorporated science into your videos, making them as objective and evidence-based as possible, which is a very fresh look at cooking, a subject known for being traditionalistic and biased. Now I'm delighted to watch your videos and learn about biology, health, history, and whatnot.
For some reason, I can picture this guy in the end scene from Blade Runner.
"I've seen things you people couldn't believe. Vampire crabs trying to climb smooth surfaces. I've watched as licken slowly broke the rock and loosened the soil.
All those moments will be recorded in time, in UA-cam or TikTok. Time to upload"
I think this is the best video to show someone to teach them about evolution in the easiest way possible
I loved the shots of the little loach or catfish beaching himself to get at the delicious goo.
Love this transition into Adam's nerdy little hobbies and construction ideas
I really liked seeing the follow ups on all your little experiments
Ill say it again, seeing this channel transition into my biggest hobby (aquaria) is the best character arc of all time
Love that crab tank, Adam! I'll go check out the build video now.
Tip for the strawberry rafts: you can still use wood but I suggest you put some small water bottles(thin glass or plastic is ok) filled with air underneath them and those should help the raft not sink for a very long time. Or you could just use bamboo since they contain a lot of air and are stable for longer.
So glad to see updates on these projects! Would love to see more aquaria and terraria and definitely whatever raised gardens you end up making 👍
YES WE WANT MORE UPDATES ON THE TANKS
Especially about these adorable crabs !!
You're a great teacher. I love your videos.
The time has come for an Adam Ragusea - Brady Brandwood collab.
April 1st, "This is Adam Ragusea here with Brady and tonight we're steaming lobster!"
@@oldfredbear 😂 LMBO poor Leon…
Adam, I tried designing and printing strawberry rafts a few years back. The design focused on those net cups you'd buy for a hydroponic setup, they slotted into a kind of floating cradle of hollow rings and spheres. At first, it worked, but I learned two things. One; FDM printed plastics will deteriorate in the elements and eventually the titanic like system of chambers would fill and sink despite my attempt to apply a waterproof coating. Two; even a pond with too much gunk in it to see to the bottom still isnt rich enough to fully support a strawberry, but it does grow some impressive roots. I think in the future if I try it again, I might honestly just try making the flotation parts out of ping pong balls epoxy'd to wire rings or something and then coat that, just make it very light and hope the ping pong balls hold up in the sun better. I'd also still use the net cups but plant them in one of those seed start soil plugs and see if that helps things. anyway good luck, this is one of those projects I just wanna see someone succeed at lol.
My dad watched some of this with me and found the star trek action figures amusing.
And i think your pond is absolutely beautiful! It looks perfect
I think I've slowly fallen in love with this dude
A tip for the (not) floating strawberry trays. You can use a styrofoam base under the netting (was it net ? I can't remember) which should be more than buoyant enough to keep the whole thing up, even with wet wood panelling and it will be mostly hidden by the other materials.
Love your mind!! Been here for years, you cover all my favorite bases!
I love to see a new video of urs pop up so often. I also love u talking about aquariums as I am a hobbiest as well lol
Crabitat coming along gorgeously
That's an adorably bright and colorful crab
One of my favourite youtubers talking about one of my favourite topics is a true delight!
I absolutely LOVE these videos! Adam’s able to explain the most complicated things in such an easy to understand way.
Love greenhouse and fardening content! Greetings from Germany.
Hearing Adam talk about stuff always cheers me up
i love the new version of adams channel even more and i hope it is still serving his personal/mental health goals. this is not the first time one of these has come out about a question that i've been thinking about but haven't read enough about to have more than a basic understanding of
Love the wider ranging video topics - more talk about plants and sludge please!
your aquatic videos are one of my favorite.
Hey Adam, great video. I love the tank and the whole greenhouse! It's beautiful! I know other commenters have already pointed it out, but it bears repeating (and with a few other points) that plants aren't descended from cyanobacteria - or any bacteria. At least not in the traditional sense of the word "descent".
Plants, like animals and fungi, are Eukaryotes, a type of cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Bacteria (as well as their distant cousins, Archaea) as prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes are much smaller and simpler than eukaryotes, and they just have their DNA floating around in their cell, rather than being stored in the nucleus like Eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are thought to be descended from Archaea, rather than bacteria.
So the single cellular ancestor of plants would have had a nucleus, mitochondria, organelles and all that, and therefore, would have been a single-celled eukaryote. So plants evolved from algae, which are other eukaryotes.
Now, as others have already mentioned, there is a connection between plants and cyanobacteria. A eukaryote long before plants was able to incorporate a much smaller, much simpler bacterial cell into their own cellular system through endosymbiosis. This resulted in the development of chloroplasts, an organelle that helps in performing the function of photosynthesis for the cell. Some of those cells with chloroplasts became green algae, and eventually, land plants emerged from green algae that became more and more adapted for life on land.
So plants aren't descended from cyanobacteria that developed multicellularity once they reached land, but they do have cyanobacteria inside of them. Plants are descended from green algae that made their way to the land, which are descended from marine green algae, which are descended from the marine-based common ancestor of most of the lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes who swallowed a little cyanobacteria and didn't digest it but started working with it.
You may talk about the gradual decline, but genuinely your content is better than ever. Or at least perfectly targetted at someone lime me
The fish eating the algae on the land was really eye opening for me. Such a cool live demonstration of how land animals evolved
I love this, thanks for making this video. I never much thought about how it actually might have looked like at the beginning of life on land. We tend to imagine violent boiling tide pools of murky sludge and somehow life comes about. But this paints a much more gentle and tranquil picture, like a zen garden that created itself the gentle trickle of water onto the very earth all earth should grow on. very nice
wow, i can't believe I've just gotten one of the most understandable and well worded lessons on early life on earth from Adam Ragusea... I love it!
Honestly one of the best youtubers in terms of how human the videos feel
you have no idea how excited i got seeing it was you posting a video on this subject. like a giddy little girl.
Already saw other biologists write about the endosymbiosis theory for cyanobacteria so i'm gonna write about something else Adam mentioned: lichens, due to their ability to produce organic acids to break up rocks, are considered to be "pioneer organisms" because they are the first to settle on a surface where there was no life on before. After some time the effects of those acids start to build up making the surface of that rock broken up enough to be able to host small rooting plants which will help further breaking up the rock with their roots. The cycle then goes on multiple times with larger and larger life forms. This is an example of "ecological succession"
This was awesome, reminded me of some of the old podcast topics. MOAR (but at a healthy work/life balance level)
A little overhanging lip of acrylic should also prevent crab escapes if they really can't climb smooth things.
I very much appreciate the evolution of your website.
You look much happier. From my experience, keep pushing the envelope.
i love small wet biomes. i set up a tray and mossy bricks and chunks of tree just on the ground to house and hydrate critters and just set some plants in it that looked like they enjoy water and its been swarming with lil critters at night living in harmony.
I know it's just an ad read but you really don't need some fancy heat conducter to make quick iced coffee. Just brew filter coffee over ice with less than usual brewing water and it does exactly the same thing. Look up flash brew recipes for your brew method, it's really quite easy.
I can honestly hear Princess Mononoke just listening to him(e) discussing the origins of life
I appreciate that Adam is willing to show that his ideas don't always work, it's easy to lie about, but trial and error is content baby
That's a really lovely aquarium. It's so nice to see a bit of ecological complexity for the fish to engage with. There is nothing sadder than a couple of fish swimming around in a barren oblong with a plastic castle.
I'm all for this video. I might honestly not watch your videos as often now but I certainly still enjoy them and that sounds like what we both need, so congratulations and enjoy fading back into non celebrity status
I have never felt so seen as I do now…just another nerd hype excited to think & talk about all of this! I may have wept in excitement when you got to mentioning fungi into/of lichen!
If you want freshly brewed coffee but you want it iced, just make more coffee than you need every morning and freeze some of it in ice cube trays and use those to ice your hot coffee. I've done this for years now. It's way better than ice cubes because it doesn't water down your coffee.
I could watch Adam talk about his greenhouse experiments for hours.
Love seeing updates on your projects, thanks for sharing!! The aquariums and tbh the whole greenhouse are so dreamy!
Take heart Adam, experiments are never failures. Hopefully the next try will work better.
Adam this is truly beautiful I’m so jealous of your set uppp
Every day we stray further and further from vinegar leg, it brings me joy to see you sticking with it though
Maybe one day I'll get one of those 3-tiered lobster tanks & set up a paludarium-aquarium set up...
That would be a ton of work & a ton of fun. So many different ecosystems to explore...
I enjoyed the main video as it was interesting and informative, especially as we have an explosion of blue-green algae in our main lake here in Northern Ireland... however I just wanted to say that I loved the update on the greenhouse and the other projects too. Petition to keep the regular updates coming as a treat at the end of the usual video.
It is cool how succulent plants got to survive on this moist enviroment.
The education continues, even if the topics have changed, and I'm so thrilled to be here to watch it!
Edit: also, consider some kind of non-absorbant foam for your floating strawberry thing. I realize styrofoam is a controversial choice, but it floats well, and is available in thick sheets (as insulation). Also the foam they use to make pipe insulation, and pool noodles floats well. Reporpoused pool toys in general would work, and you could always cover it in more earthy colors if the neon hurts your eyes.
Projects looking good, Adam! Thanks for sharing
I love the waterfall and river aquarium! 😻 Absolutely obsessed!
Great video as always. Have you done one on hard boiled eggs yet? Seems like something you would do well. Techniques for de-shelling. Soft boil times, etc. Just a thought. You do you
He does an tuna/egg/chicken salad video where he touches on it.
But just a real quick couple of tips: Bring the water to a full boil before adding the eggs. This will help create a separation between the eggs and shell. It also helps to get the eggs into an ice bag immediately after or, as Adam does, dump out as much hot water as you can from the pot and quickly replace it with cold water from the sink.
For the hydroponic garden you could print in plastic, paint with a painter's brush/wood grain brush, create a wood faux, then make waterproof with a sealet. With a 3D printer you could control the shape and size. Best of both words.
Lovely, from a biologist perspective this video is the perfect introduction to the matter