lysosomes in urdu | lysosomes in hindi | lysosome structure and function in urdu | lysosomes mdcat

lysosomes in urdu | lysosomes in hindi | lysosome structure and function in urdu | lysosomes mdcat
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are cytoplasmic organelles and are diferent from others due to their morphology.
These were isolated as a separate component for the irst time by De Duve (1949). Lysosomes (Lyso
= splitting; soma = body) are found in most eukaryotic cells. Any foreign object that gains entry into
the cell is immediately engulfed by the lysosome and is completely broken into simple digestible
pieces. The process is known as phagocytosis (eating process of a cell). They are most abundant in
those animal cells which exhibit phagocytic activity. They are bounded by a single membrane and
are simple sacs rich in acid phosphatase and several other hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are
synthesized on RER and are further processed in the Golgi apparatus. The processed enzymes are
budded of as Golgi vesicles and are called as primary lysosomes. Lysosomes contain
those enzymes which can digest the phagocytosed food particles.
components of the vacuole. Some times, under abnormal circumstances, e.g. starvation, or as a
normal physiological process the parts of the cell are engulfed by primary lysosomes and digested
to generate energy. The lysosomes which eat parts of their own cell are known as autophagosomes.
The digestive vacuoles and autophagosomes are also known as Secondary Lysosomes.
They are also involved in the autophagy (self eating). During this process some old, worn out parts
of cell, such as old mitochondria are digested. In this way, materials of cell may be recycled and cell
may be renewed. Their enzymes can also result in degeneration of cell, as may occur during some
developmental processes. Lysosomes also release enzymes for extra cellular digestion.
Several congenital diseases have been found to be due to accumulation within the cell of substances
such as glycogen or various glycolipids. These are also called storage diseases and are produced
by a mutation that efect one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the catabolism of a certain
substance. For example, in glycogenosis type II disease, the liver and muscle appear illed with
glycogen within membrane bound organelles. In this disease, an enzyme that degrades glycogen to
glucose, is absent. About twenty such diseases are known these days, which are because of absence
of a particular enzyme. For example Tay-Sach’s disease is because of absence of an enzyme that is
involved in the catabolism of lipids. Accumulation of lipids in brain cells lead to mental retardation
and even death.
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Lysosomes

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