Demonstrated are the attraction of paramagnetic materials, such as aluminum, to a magnetic and repelling of diamagnetic materials, such as graphite and glass, from a magnet.
Surprised to see one of my favorite professors making UA-cam videos! He explains his thoughts (like which area you want to integrate) very clearly in his class.
on the pencil lead, it is clay that added to graphite to make it cheaper and do the shades or toneage base on how much graphite in which say no.1 vs number 2 pencil The Conté Process, as it became known, mixes powdered graphite with finely ground clay. This mixture is then shaped into a long cylinder and then baked in an oven. The more clay that is added versus graphite the harder the pencil lead. In January 1795, Conté patented his method as patent number 32. (Pretty high up there!)
Clay usually includes a zeolite component that would have any of various mixed metals, and a metal oxide component, so it's hard to predict what magnetic properties the product would convey in mixture with graphite. I think the fact that graphite occurs as carbon planes with delocalized electrons must give it its diamagnetism.
I did not do well enough in P-chem, but the type of magnetism is predictable from the electron configuration in the outer most orbitals. I just don’t remember how. I do remember that liquid oxygen is paramagnetic.
what if the aluminum or the glass rods you placed between the magnets were shaped square or a ball, how would it align with the magnetic field lines? and what if the glass rod's original position was the same as when placed in the magnetic field? And the same and opposite twist with the aluminum?
I was going to playfully give you crap about the $200 piece of equipment being slid around on a couple CD cases until I noticed: 1) Led Zeppelin, can't say nothing bad there. 2) Those CDs might be so old, your infinitely adjustable, low-friction magnet positioning apparatus may very well have cost over 50 bucks. :) Outstanding video!
John C, It is the force of gravity caused by the earth on these objects, which is much greater than the magnetic force. John C's comment is below. It is a linked comment, I do not know what that means, but it does not allow me to reply directly to the comment.
Considering that the magnetic properties of matter are due to its electronic properties, and that those properties may be modified by externally applied fields, is there a magnetic analog of the field effect transistor? In other words a MFET, a magnetic field effect transistor? And if it is possible, could it have any advantages in rapidity or sensitivity of response?
If the diamagnetic and paramagnetic tubes are joined together parallel to eachother like with a thread and suspended in the field, will they OSCILLATE indefinitely
Interesting. Thanks for uploading that video Michael. If I may make a suggestion, would you be willing to take the Led Zeppelin C.D out of its case and play it while the video is running?
Did anyone notice that at about 3:30, he has his magnet rig on top of a Led Zeppelin CD? Good to know that even university professors like to let the Led out!
Can anyone tell me why is the paramagnetic substance parallel to the magnetic field while the diamagnetic one is perpendicular? I understand that paramagnetic subs. are attracted to magnets & diamagnetic subs are repelled by it, but what makes them align into their parallel/perpendicular position? Thank you !
As the diamagnetic rod is repelled, it tries to be as far away from the magnets as possible. In the perpendicular position it is the farthest for what the string allows. With the paramagnetic rod it is the opposite, it is attracted so it tries to get closer to the magnets. by turning parallel to the field lines it is actually in a possition that is closest to the magnetic source. You could say that it can be closer by sticking to the magnet in a perpendicular manner, but this doesn't happen because of the weakness of the force. The gravitational pull is still interfering here: the string acts as a pendulum. Although it is not much, the rod is pulled up a bit when the magnet pulls it out of the original state. Gravity now pulls it back into that dead straight position: this counteracts the magnetic pull. I hope I explained it clearly.
To put it another way, the paramagnetic material wants to align into the greatest magnetic flux density (i.e. near the poles), while the diamagnetic material is pushed away into the lowest magnetic flux density it can find (i.e. away from the poles). The opposing force in both cases is supplied by the torsion of the thread.
At the surface of the neodymium magnet, and depending on size of the magnet, in the range of 0.1-0.8 Tesla. Here is a link to a table that has surface magnetic flux density in Gauss, so divide by 10,000 to get Tesla, for one manufacturer, www.kjmagnetics.com/magnetsummary.asp
I'm REALLY curious, what is the difference between the polar repulsion of two magnets (for example, north pole facing another north pole) and the repulsion between a magnetic field and a diamagnetic material? Is something different happening?
Michael Melloch Thank you for the reply, though I'm not quite sure I understand. What I mean is, if you bring the north pole of a magnet to the north pole of another magnet, they both repulse each other. If you bring the north pole of a magnet to the south pole of another magnet, they attract each other. However, it seems like when a magnet is brought near a diamagnetic material, regardless of whatever pole is facing it, the diamagnetic material is COMPLETELY repulsed. So if I bring the north pole of a magnet towards a diamagnetic material the material is repulsed, and if I bring the south pole of a magnet towards the diamagnetic material the material is STILL repulsed. In other words, magnets repulse each other based on pole orientation (north repulse north, south repulse south), but magnets repulse diamagnets just by virtue of having a magnetic field (north or south, material is still repulsed), and I don't understand what is going on differently between the two on an atomic level. When I think "magnetic" I think two poles, but diamagnetic materials don't seem to have poles in the sense I'm thinking.
RedZeshinX With no magnetic field present, a diamagnetic material has no magnetic field so there is no north or south pole. When placed in a magnetic field, the field inside the diamagnetic material is smaller than the field was in the region where you placed the diamagnetic material. So inside the diamagnetic material a magnetic field developed in the opposite direction to the existing field. This is a quantum mechanical effect, it happens in all materials, and in paramagnetic and ferroelectric materials this diamagnetic effect is much smaller than the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic effects. If the existing field is pointing to the right, the field that develops inside the diamagnetic material will be pointing to the left. Hence the north pole with be on the left and the south pole will be on the right. If the existing field is pointing to the left the field that develops inside the diamagnetic material will be pointing to the right. Hence the north pole with be on the right and the south pole will be on the left.
Michael Melloch Ohhhh, I get it now, thank you so very much for the detailed explanation! I'm only just beginning to learn about electricity and magnetism, and at the moment a lot of it seems almost like a wonderful, mysterious magic. This really helps my understanding a lot, thanks again!
You cannot detect glass with a metal detector. In a typical metal detector you have a magnetic field. When you move the detector over a piece of metal (moving the magnetic field relative to the metal), you are changing the magnetic field in the metal which generates an induced current in the metal. This induced current in the metal generates a magnetic field. This effect is called electromagnetic induction (Faraday's Law). ua-cam.com/video/KUihEkvabpo/v-deo.html This induced magnetic field is what the metal detector detects. So since glass is not conducting, you will not get this induced current or induced magnetic field. Note diamagnetism and paramagnetism are very weak effects. So diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials are referred to as non-magnetic materials.
wouldn't it be easier to demonstrate Diamagnetism with bismuth? Why is the diamagnetism in bismuth so strong anyway , is it the large amount of electrons?
Possibly, the relative permeability of bismuth is 0.999834 and that of graphite is 0.999986 but bismuth is 4.3 times denser so the same size piece of bismuth would weigh 4.3 times more than the same size piece of graphite. I used graphite because that is what I had available. I do not know how the atomic structure effects the diamagnetism.
+Michael Melloch Sorry to bring back the dead, but could you possibly answer a question for me? I need to know if bismuth displays magnetic drag similar to copper and silver? I have some bismuth but it doesn't show any drag like my silver coin does when I move a magnet near it. it does lightly repell a small magnet though. Basically I'm questioning the purity of my bismuth.
So does paramagnetism effect air molecules? so can electromagnetism cause flight levetation. If magnets can effect air molecules then it can potentially fly an object by effecting the air. The future will most likely find a use for CNT but now it is only theories and science.
good video. have you ever seen lead that will stick to a magnet? or aluminum or copper? induced super- paramagnetism! you can pick up the samples with a magnet. i could send some samples if you are interested. you can see how i do it on my channel. magnetic lead and magnetic aluminum are the titles
this experiment is great, I am a teacher and I want to replicate the experiment. ¿which is the magnetic field strength of the magnets you use on the video?
you say diamagnetism is weaker than the gravitational force, but i think this is a bit misleading, shouldn't you say, is typically weaker than the gravitational force? One example being pyrolytic graphite. It's diamagnetism overcomes the gravitational force, and will levitate on a strong magnet at room temperature.
The statement about gravitational force is wrong. It is of course stronger than the gravitational force. The gravitational force between these objects is zero- or dam close!!!!
Led Zeppelin, yeah! :)
Thank you for your videos Michael!
Surprised to see one of my favorite professors making UA-cam videos! He explains his thoughts (like which area you want to integrate) very clearly in his class.
one of the amazing video..........Thanks respected sir.......
nice, thank you for your great demonstration!
on the pencil lead, it is clay that added to graphite to make it cheaper and do the shades or toneage base on how much graphite in which say no.1 vs number 2 pencil
The Conté Process, as it became known, mixes powdered graphite with finely ground clay. This mixture is then shaped into a long cylinder and then baked in an oven. The more clay that is added versus graphite the harder the pencil lead. In January 1795, Conté patented his method as patent number 32. (Pretty high up there!)
Clay usually includes a zeolite component that would have any of various mixed metals, and a metal oxide component, so it's hard to predict what magnetic properties the product would convey in mixture with graphite. I think the fact that graphite occurs as carbon planes with delocalized electrons must give it its diamagnetism.
Brilliant!!! Thank you!
Very well illustrated, this is the one of the best ways to teach students.
Thanks a lot for the explanation with experimentation sir
Great simple video that explains it thanks!
Great video!
i like it it was better than any other videos which were not having any practical concepts like yours ...thank you for sharing...
@Michael Melloch....mr melloch...thanks a lot for your vids..ive learn a lot about magnetism things I never knew before.....subscribed ¡¡¡¡¡¡
Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Led Zeppelin... it's a amazing video, realy does.
Led Zeppelin!
Liked and Subscribed.
Seriously, excellent video!
The things they never teach you in high school.
I did not do well enough in P-chem, but the type of magnetism is predictable from the electron configuration in the outer most orbitals. I just don’t remember how. I do remember that liquid oxygen is paramagnetic.
what if the aluminum or the glass rods you placed between the magnets were shaped square or a ball, how would it align with the magnetic field lines? and what if the glass rod's original position was the same as when placed in the magnetic field? And the same and opposite twist with the aluminum?
Cool clip. Levitating graphite chip rocks.
very nice explanation Sir.
This is very interesting, thank.
Thank you!
You are correct, in the case of graphite and a strong magnet the diamagnetism overcomes the gravitational force.
great job sir.
I cannot understand why there are 19 dislikes !!! what's there to dislike?
Thanks for the kind words!
Thank you , i'm happy to learn that ! :) ( Nice choice Led zeppelin CD !! :) )
awesome....it is really helpful
u r really too gud.. u explain it in the ry8 way
Thanks for the kind comments!
could you explain how can long range locators find diamagnetic substances like glass or gold?
I was going to playfully give you crap about the $200 piece of equipment being slid around on a couple CD cases until I noticed: 1) Led Zeppelin, can't say nothing bad there. 2) Those CDs might be so old, your infinitely adjustable, low-friction magnet positioning apparatus may very well have cost over 50 bucks. :) Outstanding video!
+vanderticked Thank you!
+vanderticked If you like Led Zeppelin, you should like this, ua-cam.com/video/6Slmr99o5wI/v-deo.html
John C, It is the force of gravity caused by the earth on these objects, which is much greater than the magnetic force.
John C's comment is below. It is a linked comment, I do not know what that means, but it does not allow me to reply directly to the comment.
You got a pair of magnets on a Zep CD - so Led is pair-of-magnetic.
Cadmium must be too!
SO helpful
Respect to you now I know these concepts and there easy
Thanks!
How does sound effects radiofrequency?
Considering that the magnetic properties of matter are due to its electronic properties, and that those properties may be modified by externally applied fields, is there a magnetic analog of the field effect transistor? In other words a MFET, a magnetic field effect transistor? And if it is possible, could it have any advantages in rapidity or sensitivity of response?
Here you go! www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26059724.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7fb8efb2f18a4deed70b43ac0b501529
very cool
If the diamagnetic and paramagnetic tubes are joined together parallel to eachother like with a thread and suspended in the field, will they OSCILLATE indefinitely
Interesting. Thanks for uploading that video Michael. If I may make a suggestion, would you be willing to take the Led Zeppelin C.D out of its case and play it while the video is running?
Good suggestion! I do play it in this video,
ua-cam.com/video/6Slmr99o5wI/v-deo.html
love this tnx!
excellent
3:23 LED ZEPPELIN !!!
First thing I noticed lol
can do to attract gold?
Did anyone notice that at about 3:30, he has his magnet rig on top of a Led Zeppelin CD? Good to know that even university professors like to let the Led out!
+Brett Carter You might want to listen to this video ua-cam.com/video/6Slmr99o5wI/v-deo.html
thanks A TON SIR ~!
You are welcome!
Nice taste of music!
Thanks!
I like the led zeppelin magnetic mount
Can anyone tell me why is the paramagnetic substance parallel to the magnetic field while the diamagnetic one is perpendicular? I understand that paramagnetic subs. are attracted to magnets & diamagnetic subs are repelled by it, but what makes them align into their parallel/perpendicular position? Thank you !
As the diamagnetic rod is repelled, it tries to be as far away from the magnets as possible. In the perpendicular position it is the farthest for what the string allows. With the paramagnetic rod it is the opposite, it is attracted so it tries to get closer to the magnets. by turning parallel to the field lines it is actually in a possition that is closest to the magnetic source. You could say that it can be closer by sticking to the magnet in a perpendicular manner, but this doesn't happen because of the weakness of the force. The gravitational pull is still interfering here: the string acts as a pendulum. Although it is not much, the rod is pulled up a bit when the magnet pulls it out of the original state. Gravity now pulls it back into that dead straight position: this counteracts the magnetic pull.
I hope I explained it clearly.
Yes, you did. Thank you for taking the time to explain this !
To put it another way, the paramagnetic material wants to align into the greatest magnetic flux density (i.e. near the poles), while the diamagnetic material is pushed away into the lowest magnetic flux density it can find (i.e. away from the poles). The opposing force in both cases is supplied by the torsion of the thread.
michael brother could u what is more diamagnetic i.e. copper bismuth lead or silver. i ll b gratful
+Asif Zeb I'm sorry but I do not know the answer to that and I do not know where to look.
how strong fields are generated by those neodymium magnets? ( in terms of tesla)
At the surface of the neodymium magnet, and depending on size of the magnet, in the range of 0.1-0.8 Tesla. Here is a link to a table that has surface magnetic flux density in Gauss, so divide by 10,000 to get Tesla, for one manufacturer,
www.kjmagnetics.com/magnetsummary.asp
Thanks :-D
I'm REALLY curious, what is the difference between the polar repulsion of two magnets (for example, north pole facing another north pole) and the repulsion between a magnetic field and a diamagnetic material? Is something different happening?
On one side is a north pole and on the other side is a south pole. So in the gap the magnetic field is in one direction, such as from left to right.
Michael Melloch
Thank you for the reply, though I'm not quite sure I understand. What I mean is, if you bring the north pole of a magnet to the north pole of another magnet, they both repulse each other. If you bring the north pole of a magnet to the south pole of another magnet, they attract each other. However, it seems like when a magnet is brought near a diamagnetic material, regardless of whatever pole is facing it, the diamagnetic material is COMPLETELY repulsed. So if I bring the north pole of a magnet towards a diamagnetic material the material is repulsed, and if I bring the south pole of a magnet towards the diamagnetic material the material is STILL repulsed. In other words, magnets repulse each other based on pole orientation (north repulse north, south repulse south), but magnets repulse diamagnets just by virtue of having a magnetic field (north or south, material is still repulsed), and I don't understand what is going on differently between the two on an atomic level. When I think "magnetic" I think two poles, but diamagnetic materials don't seem to have poles in the sense I'm thinking.
RedZeshinX With no magnetic field present, a diamagnetic material has no magnetic field so there is no north or south pole. When placed in a magnetic field, the field inside the diamagnetic material is smaller than the field was in the region where you placed the diamagnetic material. So inside the diamagnetic material a magnetic field developed in the opposite direction to the existing field. This is a quantum mechanical effect, it happens in all materials, and in paramagnetic and ferroelectric materials this diamagnetic effect is much smaller than the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic effects.
If the existing field is pointing to the right, the field that develops inside the diamagnetic material will be pointing to the left. Hence the north pole with be on the left and the south pole will be on the right.
If the existing field is pointing to the left the field that develops inside the diamagnetic material will be pointing to the right. Hence the north pole with be on the right and the south pole will be on the left.
Michael Melloch Ohhhh, I get it now, thank you so very much for the detailed explanation! I'm only just beginning to learn about electricity and magnetism, and at the moment a lot of it seems almost like a wonderful, mysterious magic. This really helps my understanding a lot, thanks again!
Can glass be detected with a "metal" detector? I was very surprised to hear you say glass is diamagnetic. Great video, thank you!
You cannot detect glass with a metal detector. In a typical metal detector you have a magnetic field. When you move the detector over a piece of metal (moving the magnetic field relative to the metal), you are changing the magnetic field in the metal which generates an induced current in the metal. This induced current in the metal generates a magnetic field. This effect is called electromagnetic induction (Faraday's Law).
ua-cam.com/video/KUihEkvabpo/v-deo.html
This induced magnetic field is what the metal detector detects. So since glass is not conducting, you will not get this induced current or induced magnetic field.
Note diamagnetism and paramagnetism are very weak effects. So diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials are referred to as non-magnetic materials.
Hey you that was a killer question and a Good answer
wouldn't it be easier to demonstrate Diamagnetism with bismuth? Why is the diamagnetism in bismuth so strong anyway , is it the large amount of electrons?
Possibly, the relative permeability of bismuth is 0.999834 and that of graphite is 0.999986 but bismuth is 4.3 times denser so the same size piece of bismuth would weigh 4.3 times more than the same size piece of graphite. I used graphite because that is what I had available. I do not know how the atomic structure effects the diamagnetism.
+Michael Melloch Sorry to bring back the dead, but could you possibly answer a question for me? I need to know if bismuth displays magnetic drag similar to copper and silver? I have some bismuth but it doesn't show any drag like my silver coin does when I move a magnet near it. it does lightly repell a small magnet though. Basically I'm questioning the purity of my bismuth.
So does paramagnetism effect air molecules? so can electromagnetism cause flight levetation. If magnets can effect air molecules then it can potentially fly an object by effecting the air. The future will most likely find a use for CNT but now it is only theories and science.
www.physicsforums.com/threads/ultra-high-magnetic-fields-using-carbon-nanotubes.193266/
where can i get this adjustable supermagnet?
+! EpzilonZ ! www.pasco.com/prodCatalog/EM/EM-8618_variable-gap-magnet/index.cfm
good video. have you ever seen lead that will stick to a magnet? or aluminum or copper? induced super- paramagnetism! you can pick up the samples with a magnet. i could send some samples if you are interested. you can see how i do it on my channel. magnetic lead and magnetic aluminum are the titles
this experiment is great, I am a teacher and I want to replicate the experiment.
¿which is the magnetic field strength of the magnets you use on the video?
Here is a link to information on the magnets I used www.pasco.com/prodCatalog/EM/EM-8618_variable-gap-magnet/index.cfm
Where did you get the big magnet?
sparkstarter From PASCO, www.pasco.com/prodCatalog/EM/EM-8618_variable-gap-magnet/index.cfm
I thought just like you.
Helpful and yeah, Led Zeppelin!
what about aluminum iron alloys
Herve Keptner thats useful
Have a silver coin or bar? That is diamagnetic. Other metals are diamagnetic also, that is just the first one I know that is repelled by a magnet.
+John Doe Besides silver, some other diamagnetic metals are mercury, lead, copper, and bismuth.
Is the Led Zepelin attracted to the magnet?
Led Zeppelin is very magnetic!
How strong is the magnetic (?T) in the experiment?
Here is information on the variable gap magnet used in the video
www.pasco.com/prodCatalog/EM/EM-8618_variable-gap-magnet/
Thank you
Where did you procure that 0.5Tesla Magnetic gap?
I purchased it,
www.pasco.com/products/lab-apparatus/electricity-and-magnetism/magnetic-fields/em-8618
@@electricandmagneticfields2314 Awesome, thank you for the quick reply!
Can we amplify DIAMAGNETISM?
led zeppelin yeah!
so dowsing rods are paramagnetic
Dowsing rods are wood and would be diamagnetic.
Why do schools don't teach this.....
Led Zeppelin!
Bismuth is the strongest diagmetic element.
by the way, cool video, and im first to comment.....:P
you say diamagnetism is weaker than the gravitational force, but i think this is a bit misleading, shouldn't you say, is typically weaker than the gravitational force? One example being pyrolytic graphite. It's diamagnetism overcomes the gravitational force, and will levitate on a strong magnet at room temperature.
why do humans care about this stuff, why don't we study bones instead? I'm with it
dot tell my human i "borrowed" it's laptop shhhh
NERDOLOGIA
The statement about gravitational force is wrong. It is of course stronger than the gravitational force. The gravitational force between these objects is zero- or dam close!!!!
Diamagnetism means it hates magnetism. Read Uncovering the Missing Secrets of Magnetism.
What about a human. Tie a human to a string lol and put him/her between some magnets.
Living things are made up mainly of diamagnetic molecules. So on a strong enough magnet a human would float.