How Do Ships Stop Without Brakes?
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- Опубліковано 29 кві 2021
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In this video, we take a look at different methods ships use when they need to stop. Unlike a car, ships do not have brakes, so we need to be a little more creative when it comes to stopping them
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Alternatively, you can use a canal's walls as breaker pads to generate enough friction to fully stop the ship. This method is known to be so effective it can take up to 6 days and a hilariously small bulldozer to get the ship moving again.
[country music]
Oh, Evergiven.... how you really fucked up. Evergiven, you incompetent schmucks. Where did you learn to pilot-that big fat tub? You embarrass every captain, and fucked up the world economy. You done fucked up.
omg, great idea! sounds so much more efficient than the torpedo idea i had the other day xD
The Suez squeeze.
1 out of 10 captains recommend this method
Reading this, I imagined a steel lock in a canal with rubber bumpers before realizing it was a joke about the suez canal
How vehicles brake
Car: brake pads
Plane: lower flaps
Ship: *D O R I F T O*
lower ailerons?
@@kubefs lower flaps
@@orbitalpotato9940 those aren't for braking tho, spoilers, brakes and thrust reversers are
@@kubefs flaps help to slow down in the air
@@orbitalpotato9940 it's really a side effect, their main purpose is to increase lift for lower stall speed
How to stop a ship without breaks?
Iceberg: challenge accepted!
Yep, if all fails, crash into something. That usually works. Assuming, you survive the crash, that is. 😁
@@chrissi.enbyYT I would like to see a container ship do 50 mph !
@@welshpete12 look up the most economically convenient speed in knots and do the conversion
Without breaks? But it still breaks though.
@@welshpete12 funny thing is that Knots are close to miles per hour
There are a few other options as well, though far less common; the Swedish CB90 combat boat uses twin water jets with thrust reversers, and can crash stop from over 40 knots in three or four boat lengths. It's something to see...
There's also the Barn Door stop the Iowas did one time, where they turn both rudders in towards each other
I google the CB90. It is a boat NOT a ship. Just stop the engines and the boat will stop pretty damn quick.
@@peggyt1243 You'd be surprised - from 40 kt even a relatively small boat will coast a long way without active braking. And yes, it is a boat rather than a ship, though the terminological distinction is nowhere near as relevant as you seem to think; there are plenty of larger vessels with water jets and reversers. It's not one of the most common options like the ones in the video, but it's far from unheard of.
@@demondoggy1825 This one ended up throwing everything not secured to the deck into the bulkhead ahead causing multiple injuries and a leak that was fixed only during Iowa's reactivation for Vietnam War.
@@tymoteuszkazubski2755 It was Wisconsin, not Iowa, and the stopping distance and injuries is only a rumor.
This is the most informative video you've done yet - not only did I learn the ship facts I came for, but I also learned how car brakes actually work as a bonus
Thanks @Matt M Glad you enjoyed it.
@@CasualNavigation you should have briefly added how a plane stops on the runway
Why u copy my name bro
@@allamasadi7970 They use brake pads and rotors like a car.
If you wanna learn more about cars, I recommand ChrisFix channel on youtube !
Interesting I never knew that there were so many ways of stopping a ship great vid 👍
Thanks @TrainMan 2345 😊
@@CasualNavigation very interesting
Next time you are in a car put your hand out with the palm facing the direction of travel , its the same effect as turning a ship sideways
There is another nice way of stopping a ship if it has the right type of propulsion.
Usually a cargo vessel just has a single propellor with a rudder, but other types of ships sometimes have multiple propellers that turn the propellor to direct the thrust in a different direction. In that case, if you would turn the starboard propellor to starboard and the port side propellor to the port side and give maximum thrust you can stop a ship very quickly.
The water that is being pushed to the side creates a wall of water next to the ship. This wall produces immense amounts of drag slowing down the ship, while keeping full control.
@@autobootpiloot I think what you are talking about is directional propellers and they are normally found on things like heavy duty tugs where they need the extra maneuverability provided . It would not exactly form a wall of water as the thrust of the water would have nothing pushing back , if they could be turned to face even slightly forward it would help slow the ship , a bit like with the Harrier jump jet and its nozzles . The main benefit would be that the props are not giving forward thrust .
Something that could be installed is thrusters built into the bow and facing forward but then you would have to have doors for when not in use otherwise they would cause a lot of drag .
The Dutch are experts with tugs and salvage work , they probably have some with the variable propellers
The one dislike is from someone who thought they could use the anchor to stop their ship
May be someone was waiting for Suez block explanation...
The director of “Battleship”
I thought it was flaps on the bottom of the ship
You can , in an emergency situation it is used and can work but you need to do it soon enough . There is a video on here of ship crashes , a container ship is heading towards land and you can hear the anchor cable being let out
It's 17 dislikes now, perhaps the person brought friends to make them feel better?
1:22 "DEJA VU, I've just been in this place before
Higher on the street, and I know it's my time to go..."
There’s no room to slow down, he’s going into the guardrai- woah. What the hell? Kansei dorifto?
Higher in the ocean
More like 1:58
Rudder technique makes sense why A Huge ship got Stucked in Canal
It's unlikely that they'd have needed to decelerate fast enough to require HFRC. It's still being investigated, of course, but current thinking is leaning towards a couple of misjudged course corrections due to heavy winds, followed by a sudden bank effect kick to starboard.
That's a different phenomenon caused by Bernoullis equation known, literally, in that case as the "Canal effect'. All to do with with the increase in velocity of a fluid as volume reduces.
Yeah, so can 1000 other legit reasons.
@@MarkSmithSa I hope it's fun, you chose it as a job
@@drockjr like aliens from andromeda using a wormhole to prank us for the lulz?
Great video!!
Another way of stopping (not mentioned in the video) is burying your ship in the side of a canal. Don't forget to make sure the stern also gets lodged or it may swing the whole thing around. It's a very effective manoeuvre, stopping in less then 1 ship length when executed properly.
This is absolute gold!
It's a highly specialized maneuver. Fun fact, this is one of the main reasons why canal and port pilots board a ship at those critical moments, they have the training.
As a naval architecture student, your videos are simply amazing
Huh, never actually thought about how "reverse" thrust would work physics wise, just assumed it should be fine and pretty efficient way to stop. But apparently not. TIL.
In aviation we use reverse thrust, although it isn't as efficient as brakes or spoilers. The only reason we deploy it upon landing is to help the aircraft settle onto its brakes, or in wet conditions it really helps with stopping as the brakes are much less efficient.
@@FrecklesAviation Aren't thrust reversers way more efficient comparatively to a ship? I thought, physics-wise, nearly all the force of the turbojet is channeled, instead of just reversing a propeller while moving forward through a fluid, be it prop-planes or ships.
@@epicosity5588 yeah, they’re great in rain. When it’s dry they are used but normally idle, as they have no effect on the braking as the auto brake provides a fixed rate of deceleration
@@FrecklesAviation Oh neat! I didn't know there was auto braking. I suppose it makes sense given how automated commercial passenger flights are.
@@epicosity5588 yep, when you touch down it begins braking and it has different settings, normally 3 or 4 which are the different intensity, from 1 to MAX (differs between aircraft). Some newer aircraft also have brake to vacate, which is where you select the runway exit point you desire and the system will apply the right amount of braking to stop for that exit, and one more feature of it is RTO, where if you decide to reject the takeoff it will sense that and automatically apply max autobrake, and one of the memory items for a rejected takeoff is to verify its working or brake manually. Autobrake can also be overridden so if you set it too high or need more brakes you can just takeover manual brakes. So yeah, it’s a pretty cool system.
An interesting variety of using the rudders I’ve read about that was done once or twice in tests on USN battleships with twin rudders was called “closing the barn door.” It consisted of decoupling the rudder controls so each moved independently, then turning them in opposite directions while also reversing the engines while at flank speed. The report I read indicated that the battleship USS Wisconsin was able to stop within a hull length from 33 knots. However, the maneuver needed to be planned in advance given the rudder decoupling, and also apparently slightly tweaked Wisconsin’s hull aft.
You can totally use the anchor to stop the ship quickly. I saw it in a documentary once. "Battleship" I think it was called.
Or losing it.
Can confirm, I saw it in the documentary about Caribbean pirates
@@ramon1930 If the anchor dug in and the anchor cable came up tight that quick you would lose a good portion of the bows , it would be ripped out .
Got to love Hollywood ))))
@@bluemountain4181 lol
@@bluemountain4181 Bootleg Turn technique???
a lot of ships have an adjustable pitch propellor as well, where the shaft can continue spinning clockwise, but the blades of the prop are moved to have their screw effect in the water move the opposite direction, but not risk breaking anything by going immediately to stern. The pitch of the propellor can be zero as well, and spin in the water without moving your vessel.
There was more to this than I expected!
I'm so glad I found your channel, you have no BS in here, just pure information, and that told for someone who has no idea of seafaring but still understands it. Thank you for your effort man.
This reminds me, it would be interesting to see a more in-depth examination how the Titanic could have avoided hitting the iceberg. In popular knowledge it is often cited that they both started to turn and reversed the propeller at the same time (only 1 of 3 could be reversed, the other 2 just sopped), and had they only turned they would have avoided hitting the iceberg, and if they only tried reversing they would have hit it head-on, flooding fewer compartments and then not sinking. I wonder how much of an oversimplification it is.
Small correction here: 2 of 3 could be reversed. Those were the two outer propellers, powered by reciprocating steam engines. The center propeller was powered by a turbine engine that was fed from the exhaust steam from the other two engines. It could only run ahead, so it stopped when the other two were reversed. Since it's mounted in front of the rudder, the ship lost a lot of control authority when it stopped.
Would, say running the starboard propeller forwards & the port propeller aft have caused Titanic to turn faster? Along with keeping the center propeller running at low power to keep the rudder working?
man I love your channel, it's simple and easy to understand. I personally have no interest in joining maritime Jobs but it's really fun to learn about ships 👍👍👍
Cheers @MASTER RAV glad you enjoyed it 😊
Same 🤣 But I could talk about it with people xD
We were moored up on a high quay during an upriver trip. A dad looking down on us pointed to our trim tabs and said "See those son, theyre the brakes".
He had no explanation for the laughter coming from below.
It’s amazing to see how far your animation has come from your first videos to these now. I hope you continue to make these great videos.
Cheers @ A person
Smaller vessels also have a hard time stopping. It was something I quickly realized when I got my first boat. Well done as always!
I've never once considered this in my life but know that the question is posed i won't rest easy until i know
Actually emergency anchor is a valid emergency stop technique. Especially in a loss of power or situations.
What about heading towards the beach head on 😂
wow this video puts the Titanic collision scene into perspective.
As an ETO Cadet, these videos are the only way the deck cadets let me sit at their table.
lmao how so? you mean knowing the info from this channel?
Lol, you should learn seamanship and navigation, it's interesting.
@@creepswithcameraphones2423I quite agree.
That means you're incompetent at your job
I really like these videos. I'm not a shipping/marine person, but I do have an interest in machines and Engineering, and how things work. Your delivery of the information is very good, and easy to follow. Thank you.
"High frequency rudder cycling" is exactly what we would use in a small sailing dinghy... but actually not to brake, to accelerate when there's no wind, swinging it left and right it as a paddle xD
Isn’t that called TACKING?
@@Animalwon Can not TACK without wind.
Pumping the rudder! I've done that in a 30ft deep-keeled boat... It works, but not especially efficiently - mostly it entertains the helmsman/lady, and possibly gives a little bit of steering.
tacking is turning towards the direction of wind, however pumping the rudder or High frequency rudder cycling is called sculling pulling the sail back and forth like you would do when pumping the rudder but with the sail is also called sculling
Great video. I would also like to mention tug boat assistance, this is very common.
The tug boat can of course have many purposes, but many times the main purpose is to slow the ship down. This also allows the ship to keep some engine (propeller) speed to maintain ship maneuverability even at very low speed though the water.
I always thought they used varying amounts of reverse thrust to stop, quite interesting learning about these different techniques, these videos are fantastic, keep it up
This whole video. Talked about water resistance. When all we needed was an anchor. My life is so peaked right now
a lot of your videos are helpful to my line of work!
we mostly use 15M long Catamarans, so for us slowing down is actually fastest and most controlled by full reverse on both engines!
You should do "How to Survive a Rogue Wave"
To complex and to many variables , the video would take forever
He should do a video on ROGUE WAVES. So much has been learned about them in recent years that it would be interesting to know MORE!
Awesome! You should do a video explaining different common docking methods used by ships and boats. Like the spring line technique and putting hard astern with rudder towards dock etc.
I like how easy it is to understand the video. I have seen huge cruise ships in Kiel smoothly stopping and docking at the harbour, I did not realise how careful they had to be.
Cruise ships are usually a bit more manoeuvrable as they are normally berthing every day instead of every six weeks or so. Quite common to have twin props or azimuth pods and thrusters so they don’t require a tug.
This man just makes everything easier to understand.
Fascinating video I look forward to more! Could you do a video elaborating on the ship engine speeds and when/where they are used commonly?
Absolutely amazing, learned so much!
Thanks @Max McGee
Your videos are amazing. Personally i am into aviation and know nothing to do with ships yet your videos are easy to understand for a newbie like me.
I found my new favorite UA-cam education channel.
“I double-triple dog dare you to stop, ship!”
*ship realizes there’s no other option*
This channel helps alot young seafarer. I myself consider as young seafarer with 7yrs of experience. Not all seafarer understands the complexity of each type of vessels operation. Your videos also helps me understand some ships cargo operation and technicalities for my licensure exam. Hope you make also videos about ships framing or about the sextant.
I live near a large port and always presumed that when ships came in they just reversed throttle , very informative thank you.
So much content for a simple topic. Thank you!
There is a method for ships with 2 rudders, known as 'closing the barn doors' (I don't know of any official name). This is where the rear end of both rudders face inwards, which acts like the airbrake on a plane
I wonder if retractable speedbrakes like on plane wings but deployed on either side of the side of the ship’s hull could be an effective mechanism to stop while maintaining control with the option to use differential brakes to assist turning if needed
Actually, that would be a great idea. :) How much force can the speedbrakes take? If using those brakes after 30 years of ship lifetime, how would the mechanism survive? Whatever the case, I hope that someone tests out speedbrakes on a boat. Also, having twin propellers to the left and right of the rudder (instead of directly in front) would be a great idea, so that when engine reversing, the propellers don't disrupt flow around the rudder. Engineering and science are fascinating stuff.
Ship brakes had long been invented but are not used because the disadvantages of using them significantly overweighs the advantages. Main disadvantages being added weight leading to added fuel consumption and less cargo space and more failure points, thus more costly maintenance. The only advantage being quick stops. The need to do emergency stops is extremely rare with all the radar and auto pilots technologies and relatively very slow speeds in very open spaces.
TL;DR, too expensive and there's no use for them.
No ads + very surprising content. You got yourself a sub
Yess!!, keep feeding me with new content every month!!!
There is a nice scene in the movie "Battleship" where the captain throws an anchor to change the direction of the ship and evade enemy missiles. But I don't think even military ships could do that in real life
Great upgradation from 2d to 3d animations
Keep growing , you make great content
Cheers @Harsh Jain
The backing method also works very well when you have flanking rutters in front of the wheel to counteract your stern sway.
Wow, I learned so much from this video! Thanks a lot.
Awesome! One of my favourite videos yet! The info and visuals are great. Always a pleasure to see you upload :)
Thanks @Bailey Wright Glad you enjoyed it 😊
Interesting content, i always wondered how that is done in the naval world. Coming from aviation where we do not have the option of friction brakes either (until on the ground), we do use normal thrust reduction as well, we do not use the rudder in that way as it might rip off, it is simply not build for rapid opposite use, although flying s-curves is somewhat similar to the slow rudder technique.
What we do have though, and apparently ships do not, are drag-brakes, or speedbrakes as we call them, metal flaps that will be extended into the surrounding air creating a huge drag and slowing us down, or allowing rapid descent. Those are usually, but not always, on the top of the wings. Similar things would be possible for ships as well, at least in theory. Is anything like that used? Or do ships rely on the much higher drag due to the extremely high density fluid they move through?
A few other things that we do use are of no use for ships of course, mainly the high lift devices, leading and trailing edge flaps on the wings, as well as the landing gear which is the biggest and most efficient speed brake there is.
There's another method in aviation that's like the low-frequency rudder technique, although it's not commonly used on larger planes: sideslip. In both the idea is to use the slip angle to increase the drag of the hull, it's just that on a plane you can use the lift of the wings to prevent the direction of travel from changing, and so you can perpetually keep the sideslip going one way without having to alternate the direction of the slip. As an added benefit the lift required from the wings increases and therefore their drag increases as well.
Planes can also do 360-degree turns, but those tend to be coordinated as far as I know, and therefore do not rely on the slip angle like turning a ship under full helm, only on the increased track miles in a small area.
@@heto795 Well, as someone who started out glider flying i do a know the sideslip, especially on older gliders that is a very much used method, newer ones have extremely efficient speed brakes and do not need a slip.
However, in commercial aviation that is not used. Slipping can and does stall the engines as those are can not deal with much of a slip angle before flow separation at the intake lip which in turn will lead to a compressor stall.
Yes, 360° turns are a possible method if everything else has failed, but if those are possible depends on arrival sequencing and traffic density. In high traffic density they can be a nightmare for the air traffic controllers.
Excellent video as always! Keep up the good work!
"High frequency rudder cycling"...... WOW.... I am impressed .....
This is devastating to my approach to stopping in the green circle in Ship Mooring Simulator...
When you want to stop, if you have several propellers and rudder, could you use like 2 propellers to slow and one to steer or use the power of each propeller independantly to steer with the throttle instead ?
Anyways awsome video as always.
If you have multiple screws you'd just apply differential throttle to steer while slowing (or reversing).
I’m shocked, as a techie, that I didn’t know any of this! Thanks for much for helping me be a better pedant! ;)
Are fin stabilisers on cruise ships able to be utilised for braking? (by turning them the same direction rather than opposite so it increases drag without inducing any rolling force)
...I'd imagine they'd be fairly effective for that.
Also, if a ship has twin rudders are they ever able to operate independently so they can both be pivoted in opposite directions to increase drag without applying any steering force?
I was thinking on similar lines or even having recessed plate in the hull and pivoted at one end and hydrollics lower them to increase the drag!
That's a thought; or if you had twin propellers you could use reverse thrust and still maintain some control by cranking one engine up higher than the other if you need to turn towards that side (and if you had bow thrusters, you could use those for steering). But most cargo ships are made as simple as possible (for maximum efficiency under normal cruising conditions), so they have just one giant propeller and 1 big rudder and no bow thrusters (even recessed bow thrusters would add drag unless covered, and even if covered they would still deduct from cargo space). Known exception: Maersk Triple E class has twin propellers because a single propeller that would be big enough would have exceeded the depth of the harbors they are expected to operate in. I also saw a video taken on some LNG carrier that had twin rudders (and presumably twin propellers), although I don't know if the control system would let you move the rudders in opposite directions.
The twin rudder has been tested historically with an Iowa-class battleship. They had this thought, and so they unlinked the rudders to operate them manually, then "closed the barn doors" and pivoted them inwards.
Supposedly, the stopping force was so powerful, people were thrown forward, and the ship stopped something like within a ship-length of itself.
Why don't ship have "air-breaks" like planes with small wings extend underwater to increase friction while going ahead.
because that needs to be insanely strong to withstand the water pressure
and such a technique under water is very very prone to damage, or just gettign stuck with plants, mud, shells and what not.
In reality the speedbrakes on aircraft don't act like you think they do. It's common sense to believe that panels lifting up on the wing would act as drag, but no. The way they work is by disrupting the airflow over the wing, which disrupts the lift so that the wing becomes much less efficient. On a boat i doubt it would work as it is propelled via a very different system and the forces would be huge.
Fascinating stuff! Thank you.
0:49 Kinda ironic because when you're sailing a small sailing boat (and I mean small like 2 man sailing boat), cycling the rudder is actually used to increase speed when there is no wind
Question: could using the propeller in reverse also damage it? (Cavitation, reverse flow on the blades, etc...)
Wouldn´t, in theory, Huge underwater pneumatic flaps work? Like, having a big flap on either side of the ship and one beneath, which extend when there is the need to brake thus increasing the drag massivly?
This would require huge (like HUGE) and heavy pieces of machinery placed in poorly accessible areas, would decrease ship's volume which could be used for ballast or for cargo, would require tonnes of certification, maintenance and testing, would create drag of its own even when not in use. Steering gear on most cargo ships is about the size of a bulldozer - you would require two more of those, and they will only be used occasionaly. And there's literally no piece of machinery on a ship that doesn't break or at least malfunction in some way at least once every several months.
@@alexeylutskyi6420 i had the same thoughts as both yall. What about a lot of small fins that in essence kinda are meant to be replaced, but could help in a emergency if drag was needed. I get it, it would be expensive, impossible to replace without a dry dock, and somewhat unecessary for most ships but could be used in certain cases
One of those things that I’ve never really thought about, but now I need to know
Wonderful video! Your video production skills keep improving all the time!
0:36 my mind just went full "airbrake but in water" with flaps or some shit
The quickest way to stop a ship is to run aground...
Love your content! Please keep it coming.
That animation at 4:57 is excellentfor describing power curves for airplanes as well
Did he assume the ship's gender?
awesome video, very informative
Very informative.
Great channel. This is quality UA-cam.
This is similar to skateboarding.
Braking on a skateboard you can either:
- use friction from your shoes
- powerslide where you suddenly rotate 90° without changing direction. The drag from the wheels being perpendicular to the direction of motion causes it to slow/stop.
I'm familiar to the aviation world but has no idea of the marine world, it's really amazing that both worlds are pretty similar and connected. This is an example of it.
A question I didn’t know I wanted answered!
Very good video. As a sailor I know of these methods but as a laser sailor (single sail) I can just drop my sail. Good stuff. Enjoy your videos.
Drop your sail or steer into the wind.
That rudder hardover technique really blew me away! If only you were the Instructor of White Star Line Officers... so many lives would have been saved!!!
The chief problem of the Titanic was that the iceberg was so close to the ship a hard over was not enough to avoid the obstruction. They were one of the top liners of the day.
@@martintheiss4038 What if they rammed the iceberg head-on?
@@talhabintariq786 a study actually proved that it would have saved the ship from sinking.(terrifying amount of damages to the hall tho)
Another piece of information i never intended to know but now i do
We use similar techniques in airplanes like forward slips, flaps and airbrakes. We also have hydraulic wheel brakes when we're on the ground as well as aerodynamic braking with the elevator and speed brakes.
Very informative!
This is what I was missing! Great video man!
I don't know why and how this video was suggested but am I glad that it did
thank you casual navigation
I heard that one time one of the Iowa class battleships which apparently have two Rutters to "close the barn doors" as they said to stop the ship in less than the ship length if I recall
excellent work, congratulations
Very well explained. Thank you.
So insightful content.
Wow your videos are really informative, to the point and nicely animated.
Kudos for that ^_^
Another great informative video from my favorite channel. Loved it.
Cheers @Hsn
This Channel has the most value/video second
You’re telling me they Tokyo drift my bags of chips to America. Insane.
*Tokyo drift INTENSIFIES*
Simple : Propellers counter rotate.. Same principle as Commercial Airlines and some fighter jets with Reverse Thrust.. The ships propeller rotate clockwise to move forward, and counter clockwise to go reverse.. This is why propellers, shafts and transmission in ships are so big and super strong, durable and efficient because it needs to withstand the engine power and the drag the water makes.
I was aboard a Nimitz class carrier during sea trials after a major refit. A crash back stop from maximum speed nearly shook our teeth loose from the cavitation of the 4 screws, and about 2 miles to stop. BTW I was manning the throttles on #1 Main Engine. There is a limit as to how fast your can apply steam to the reverse turbine for two reasons, the torque limits of the reduction gear and the power transients caused in the Reactors.
great explanation omg, thanks.
Hello Sir. I am Sailor and I like your videos. thanks a lot.
Never knew that, always thought ships stopped with engine. Very interesting!
No ads,no time waste ......nd u got 1 like and subs🎉🎉🎉