*Who do you believe is the most underrated scientist in history?* CORRECTION: Marie Curie and Pierre Curie never bombarded atoms with alpha particles. These experiments were done by their daughter Irene and her husband, Frédéric-Joliot Curie. Try brilliant.org/Newsthink/ for FREE for 30 days, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription
Max Born, Arnold Sommerfeld, P.A.M. Dirac, Wolfgang Pauli, H.Kammerling-Onnes, John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, J.W.Gibbs, Heinrich Lehmann, J.P.G. DeGennes, L.D.Landau, ... and so many more. Their work has more influence on our world today - even our life every day - than all philosophers and artists together.
Lisa Meitner and her nephew. Was his name Hahn? They were outside skiing for leisure when they decided to take a break. Lisa took out a pencil and a piece of paper she had in her pocket. She and her nephew made some calculations to determine how to split a nucleus. They discovered that the key was not to use fast neutrons, but to slow down the neutron so that they would stick to an already overly stuffed nucleus. This extra neutron was like the staw that broke the camel's back. It caused the nucleus to wobble like a water balloon being squeezed in the middle. Eventually, the overstuffed neutron would fly apart thereby releasing more neutrons. Lisa Meitner should get a lot more credit IMHO. I hope I'm correct in what I just stated.
Fermi doesn’t need recognition from anybody. He was the ultimate Guru and acknowledged by all scientists as one of the greatest ever. They used to call him the the “pope” for a good reason.
Yea. Oppenheimer was not mentioned in any classes I ever took and I almost got a BS in Physics before I changed to E.E. Fermi was mentioned often. So… “credit for the atomic bomb” is not a scientific achievement. Its an engineering and management achievement. After 1903, everyone had what was needed “scientifically” to build a bomb.
Fermi is a legend in nuclear physics! He discovered/invented the first controlled nuclear reactor. Oppy and HIS TEAM built the plutonium implosion fission weapon. Little Boy was built on Fermi’s work with Uranium in Chicago.
You make it sound like a great thing. It isn't. We are a heartbeat away from the end of the human race. Read "Nuclear War" by Anne Jacobsen and then tell me what a great man Fermi is.
Which makes sense considering atomic energy is based on the strong force, and only fermions can exhibit the strong force. Most fermions do exhibit the strong force, except for leptons, but they are still involved with beta decay and the weak force. The weak force, specifically beta decay, are still important for nuclear energy, but for a chain reaction it doesn't have much bearing other than fallout and other residual effects after the blast. Either way, understanding of both is critical to understanding astrophysics and nuclear physics in general.
He rly didn’t though… This man, truly, is the father of the atomic age Everyone know Einstein… how many even know Fermi beyond *Fermi’s Paradox ? If that? Simply do a search here on yt for any Fermi documentaries, versus the others. I’ve never understood why this is
@@Sacrosanct5910not on UA-cam maybe but in real life cultured people do know him. And if I have to be real Majorana was even smarter than him and is even more unknown
@@Sacrosanct5910 the fun fact is that Fermi developed such paradox during his period while working at the bomb. Seems he was in the Cafeteria togheter with the other scientists of the project and they was talking about extraterrestrial life and why they didn't yet contact us. Fermi came out with his famous paradox.
@@marcobelli6856 Ettore Majorana was the finest mind of that century. Even smarter than Einstein. When Eisenberg show him his data about nazi nuclear project, he answered that such things was "banal". Or basically, of a disarming simplicity.
@@marcobelli6856 I wouldn’t disagree, though you prove my point in admitted that Majorana is even LESS known, receiving less credit But I disagree about ‘cultured’ & proper representation of our reality, in books… I do not agree or believe that this Anglo-normativity which permeates Western consciousness, is some inevitable, organic conclusion; rather, I think it’s pretty evident that it’s a purposefully engineered narrative. Who then can deny the erasure of the Italian design & root of our modern mind? This.. is the wider point There are more relevant structures to be discovered, in the world of men, than just these basic components of our physical existence Those who offer up & celebrate the Einstein’s of our world, in place of the truth, do so because they understand this… they better understand such mechanisms of power - and seek to wield it
Fermi's most significant contributions to Phsyics was his work on quantum statistics, especially in the context of condensed matter. Fermi-Dirac statistics, the Fermi Level, etc. are key ideas in understanding the electronic structure of metals and semiconductors.
Fermi’s major contribution to the Manhattan project was the development of the nuclear reactor, which was later able to produce kilogram quantities of plutonium.
How was Fermi overlooked? Outside America, he is a lot more famous than Oppenheimer. In the Periodic Table of Elements, we have an element named after him (Fermium), but none named after Oppenheimer
Fermi is VERY famous among those who are more knowledgeable on this topic than a movie marketing campaign. He was critical to the bomb-building project, but he wasn't the director of the project. Big difference...
I wish they focused slightly more on the scientists in the film. I was long enough but I was a little disappointed to only get a few quick clips of men like Feynman and nothing of von Neumann.
Oppie was also a genius...as a young physicist, I never realized this until I looked into his actual work and career prior to the bomb. I used to think like you, that was mostly a good coordinator...he was that as well, but, he was also at the top of the list in terms of geniuses of the world and history. He was also remarkably well-rounded in his knowledge of history, classics, liberal arts, literature, languages, etc....he wrote some of the best postmodern TS Eliot-ish poetry I have ever read. His background from upper class Jewish NYC at the turn of the century and connections with the Ethical Society, etc. are also important and interesting aspects of history that contributed to the depth of his genius
Fermi is clearly significantly more famous than Oppenheimer as a physicist. Perceiving Oppenheimer as a more important physicist must be obvious U.S. unconscious bias. It remains that Oppenheimer indeed oversaw the fabrication of the bomb, and may thus legitimately be called the "father of the atomic bomb". His work in there was more of an engineer than of a physicist, but it does not follow that Oppenheimer would not be quite a remarkable figure of the time
I wouldn't even go so far as to calling him an engineer. He was a coordinator. He was operating at the O level in that organization, and he probably didn't have much hands on anything at that point.
@@BitwiseMobileHe was an administrator, who never managed even a lemonade stand previously in his career. I still wonder why he was selected for the job, and not say Ernest Lawrence.
@@BitwiseMobile This is clearly an overstatement, however. Oppenheimer was a brilliant physicist, but not of the levels of the Fermi, Dirac, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, von Neumann, de Broglie, Bohr, etc..., and not either at the level of junior physicists like Feynman, Schwinger etc. He was however respected by all of these scholars, whom he knew, and would not be considered an 'operator' by any of them.
Fermi is a whole class ahead of Oppenheimer (his work on quantum statistics alone dwarfs anything Oppenheimer did), but Oppenheimer did also very significant works such as the Born-Oppenheimer approximation which is very important in chemistry and molecular physics
The sad thing is that Italians invented: - the pile (Volta) - the telephone (Meucci) - the radio (Marconi) - nuclear fission (Fermi) - personal computer (Olivetti) But we hardly got anything out of it and any credit or real sustain or economic advance for that. Rather a lot Americans got the public perception credits for many of these inventions. They managed to manipulate perceptions and convince the average public opinion that overall these are all American inventions
No...He was famous indeed!! We are talking about a giant here, the man that was also call "Pope Physicist. Winner of the nobel prize in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity, inventor of the nuclear reactor, co discoverer of new radioactive elements, significant contributions in quantum physics statistical mechanics , nuclear and particles physics and more!!
Those of us who studied physics at university are fully aware of the genius and importance of Enrico Fermi -it's good to be reminded just how great and versatile a physicist he really was- but the fact remains that other great scientists in the Los Alamos team also made important and essential contributions to the development of the bomb. Fermi had a steely determination and stubbornness that could sometimes upset others; he could certainly be difficult if he thought he was in the right; however he could be forgiven for having a "dark side" given the pressure they were all under. A interesting upload-thank you.
Who said that Enrico Fermi was not "as famous" as J Robert Oppenheimer? But he was not credited with making a bomb because he and Szilard made a working nuclear reactor, not a bomb. So he established the exothermic process of nuclear fission and obtained energy from it.... without making the ignition process of creating an explosive device of mass destruction.
Sure, I estimate news agency folks are at least 99% similar dna. Throw in orangutans and the like and a lot of potential "votes" there. Eventually scientists will figure out how to clone democrats but it's really unnecessary as made so evident in the last election. You only need one Truman to "get er done". @@retiredbore378
It is quite unbelievable the talent that the Manhattan Project had at its disposal. Arguably the greatest minds ever to have been assembled at the one place at the one time. Fermi, von Neumann, Feynman, Teller, Ulam, Bohr, Chadwick, Oppenheimer etc. I doubt we will ever see so many geniuses working on a project again.
The person I would most like to interview is Gen Groves. Could you possibly imagine putting the smartest scientists in the world, In the equivalent of a . Combat Team. And making it work.
Fermi was interested in the pacific use of Uranium, but he had to collaborate with the Manhattan project for many reasons. He was indeed the guy who found the path to the chain reaction. Without his research nothing could have been achieved.
He was present when the X-10 Graphite Reactor went critical at Oak Ridge and witnessed the Trinity test in the New Mexico desert. After the war, Fermi became a professor at the University of Chicago, dying of stomach cancer in 1954.
4:55 "hitler pressed Mussolini to target Italian Jew", is not exactly true. Mussolini had ever at least since the 20s a quite anti-Semitic, but it not a systematic anti-semitism, so it means that for jews where are a possibility to live in Italy and join to PNF but they will be treated like a second-class citizens, or the fact that they was a Jew was a negative (but not exclusionary) factor on choice to be appointed at the role of responsibility in the state and/or party administration. But slowly, the anti semitism become more systematic, that leads to the racial laws, and with the war and after the 1943 armistice in the Italian Social Republic an active persecution of lives of Italian Jews.
Fermi, Leo Szilard, Feyman, Oppenheimer and many, many more. This was the largest group of extremely talented genius in history. No one should be credited with the development although the absence of any one of them might have caused the effort to fail. In this sense Fermi was essential to the effort, but that is true of so many others.
die ganze Forschung ist zuvor in Deutschland erfolgt von den weltbesten Physikern der damaligen Zeit Warum wird das alles nicht erwähnt, die Geschichte wird damit verdreht
That's because after Fermi, experimental physics were about teams, not individuals. Though I guess in the aftermath people have misconstrued Oppenheimer as one of those individual experimental physicists.
I'm not so sure about that. There have been a number of remarkable scientists in the fields of solid state physics, lasers and spectroscopy who were involved in both, theory and experiments. Take as an example the confirmation of Bose-Einstein condesates by Ketterle, or the quantum Hall effect by von Klitzing. Probably, today, technology used in modern experiments is on such an advanced level that special engineers are needed to support experiments such as the ones at CERN and Fermilab.
Other comments probably have made this point, but Oppenheimer did not "oversee the Manhattan project". He was responsible for managing the work at Los Alamos where scientists and engineers designed and built the actual bomb using . The director of the Manhattan Project was General Leslie Groves.
0:00: 💣 Enrico Fermi's experiments and his interest in probability theory led to the creation of the atomic bomb. 2:40: 🔬 Enrico Fermi's contributions to physics include the development of Fermi-Dirac statistics, his explanation of beta decay, and his discovery of nuclear fission. 5:40: 💣 The race to understand and control nuclear fission, leading to the development of the atomic bomb. 8:16: 🔬 Fermi's pivotal role in creating the controlled release of nuclear energy and his contributions to the Manhattan Project. 11:04: 💣 Enrico Fermi, the father of the atomic bomb, made significant contributions to physics and faced moral dilemmas regarding the development of more powerful weapons. He also pondered the Fermi Paradox and battled stomach cancer before his death at the age of 53. 14:07: 🔑 Tech companies use Fermi problems in job interviews to assess problem-solving skills. Brilliant offers courses to cultivate analytical thinking. Recap by Tammy AI
The bomb inventors saved millions of lives both Allied and Japanese. Count the cost on both sides if an invasion had taken place. I wish the idealists who condemn, would allow reality into their thinking?
Another good one. I would love to see a video outlining how you make a video,. From how you pick a topic, what areas you focus on within that topic, and how you find and select certain photos and videos to include. I would say Briilant has made you brilliant but I believe there was another cause for your brilliance. I bet you have amazing parents. That would make a good video topic to see how you were nurtured and guided to become who you are today. Tell them thank you, for raising you to be someone who so many people like me have come to rely on for educating us in such an entertaining way.
:(, at least you can still enjoy learning about it :). Im a physicist but i didnt made science, i ended working as software engineer and i also enjoy that, there is always things to enjoy.
@@godfreydaniel6278while true, it will also never become your priority when you are past a certain point in life. I've been trying to relearn to play piano for almost two years already but cannot due to family, professional and house work.
There is no point of comparison between Fermi and Oppenheimer. Fermi was a first rate physicist and he was able to complete his work in physics. Oppenheimer is different, he directed the construction of the atomic bomb which was used without his approval against japan. After that he was involved in politicals turmoils and his career as a physicist was gonne for ever. Everybody recognize Fermi's work in physics (he is in the pages of any physics textbook) . Oppenheimer is different, he was named the 'father of the atomic bomb', which kills thousands of people, and he is accused of spying for the soviets. Oppenheimer is a 'villain', but to me he is truly a victim.
Well, he did spy for Soviets, as did his brother and his wife. Alongside the fact that he had zero administrative experience prior to the Manhattan project, it's a miracle and a headscratcher why Groves chose him to lead it to begin with.
@@danesovic7585 History says that his wife and brother were communist, but the hearings or investigations couldn't prove that he was a spy for the soviets. Grove selected Oppenheimer as a director or manager of the Manhattan project because he was the 'best': he knew the physics, he was well networked in the scientific community, he had strong communications skills, he was a hard worker and the Soviets were allies in WW2.
@@jmguevarajordan Someone with that kind of connections is a red flag already. Manhattan project was peppered with spies, clearly selection process was flawed, even if it wasn't conclusively proven in the case of Oppenheimer. And no, he had zero experience in running any kind of research lab or doing real physics. There were people like Ernest Lawrence who was a Nobel prize winner and created two major national physics laboratories.
This is an excellent mini-documentary on Fermi’s scientific contributions to the Manhattan Project. I often wondered if Fermi had lived another 20 years, what he would have discovered. Fermi was exposed to a lot of radiation including neutrons in his work. Fermi concentrated on Pu production at Hanford. A great book on his life is The Uranium People by Leona Libby Marshall who lived with Fermi and wife before she got married. I spent 38 years working at the Department of Energy’s nuclear facilities in Oak Ridge, TN, the first Manhattan Project site. Fermi and Arthur Compton came to the Clinton Engineer Works for the start up of the X-10 graphite pile which made the first gram quantity’s of Pu. Congratulations on a fine documentary.
I did credit him in my video about Nuclear warheads and it's history and their impact on humanity as Enrico Fermi and Glenn Seaborg were responsible for the production of plutonium in Manhattan project, but unfortunately I did not talk about how he's the man who started the race to expand the periodic table and how he's also the first man to design and build a nuclear reactor.
This entire comment stream is entertaining as well as perplexing. Those who think that Fermi was overlooked obviously never studied science in a serious fashion. And to debate who was more (or the most) critical to the development of the bomb is pointless. How far back in physics history do you want to go? Why not include the Curies? It's a chain - remove any one link and it doesn't work. Bethe even said in an interview later in life that Oppenheimer possessed the quickest mind he had ever seen. And while Oppy was important in getting the project together, I don't think that makes him more or less important than others.
After the first successful American nuclear tests and bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, Stalin felt the need to act and urged Soviet scientists to develop an atomic bomb as well. But the project stalled. When a Chinese delegation visited Moscow in July 1949, Stalin showed them a film allegedly depicting the first Soviet nuclear test a few weeks before it took place. But where did this film come from? Where did the test take place? "Atomic Film" Delays in creating the bomb disrupted Stalin's foreign policy plans. A few months earlier, Stalin had received from his personal envoy to Mao Zedong, Ivan Kovalev, that the Chinese communists had discovered a secret American plan at Chiang Kai-shei headquarters. Accordingly, the Americans were preparing for World War III. Together with the national Chinese and Japanese, they intend to use atomic bombs to crush the People's Liberation Army of China. Stalin made it clear to Kovalev that the United States was not yet ready for a great war. On July 9, the first reception of the Chinese delegation led by the second highest party figure Liu Shaochi was held at Stalin's dacha. The second conversation, which is of particular interest to us, began on the evening of July 11 in the Kremlin. Liu Shaochi asked Stalin if he wanted to help the People's Liberation Army land in Taiwan. Stalin denied it. Liu then raised the question of how great Stalin considered the danger of World War III. The dictator acted calmly. The “imperialists” are not yet sufficiently armed to resist the Soviet Union at any moment. Liu then asked permission to visit Soviet nuclear laboratories. This request was no doubt agreed with Mao, who was familiar with and interested in nuclear weapons. Mao kept his intentions secret from the public, calling the atomic bombs "paper tigers". However, Stalin did not want to show the guests the nuclear laboratories and instead invited them to watch the film. An atomic bomb exploded. The tests, as Stalin Liu said, took place in the far north of the Soviet Union, in a deserted area near the Arctic Circle. Strangely enough, the screening of the film took place a few weeks before August 29, 1949, the first successful Soviet atomic bomb test in Semipalatinsk. Two key actors independently confirmed the fact of the film: Kovalev, Stalin's expert on China, reported it in his memoirs, as did Shi Zhe, Mao's translator. What drove Stalin to this bluff? His attempt to oust the Western Powers from West Berlin failed. Worse, the Berlin crisis contributed to the merger of many Western European countries and the United States into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in April 1949. America's nuclear arsenal, though small, was growing, and the Soviet Union did not yet have an atomic bomb. In Europe, Stalin was on the defensive. His attention, therefore, more than ever, was focused on Asia, where the centre of the world’s revolutionary movement had moved. Despite some reservations about Mao, Stalin saw the Chinese Communists as strategic allies. It must therefore be important for him to look as strong as possible. Nothing could illustrate this better than possessing an atomic bomb. German film? My guess is going in a different direction. Perhaps the film was found somewhere in Germany after the end of the war. What at first sounds like a wild conspiracy thesis is confirmed by documents I found in the inventory of sources of the archive of modern Russian history in Moscow, which lists hundreds of files of German mining. In addition to the files, films were also recorded. Most of them were rocket launches. The contents of one roll of film are described as follows: "The film about the launch of Fau-2 and the detonation of an atomic bomb". This designation of the name appears to have been literally translated from the German film into Russian. The film was handed over to the vice-chairman of the Special Committee on Missile Construction (Committee No. 2) Ivan Grigorievich Zubovich in May 1946. There is no way to prove whether these are indeed recordings of a nuclear fission bomb test. They are more likely to test a hybrid bomb consisting of a large amount of explosives and a small amount of fissionable and thermonuclear material. Only the original films or other archival materials that have not yet been discovered can provide information about this.
even without Oppenheimer or fermi humanity will always find a way to create the bomb as long as the foundation and theory for it exist so does the people who desire it the US was lucky for prioritizing the research on it and have it first if not the Soviet or German might have build it decades later
Leo Szilard and Fermi imagined-made/built the reactor in Chicago respectively. Then Fermi went on from there and literally built the reactor with his own hands, stacking the graphite blocks with the help of football players. Szilard never got his hands dirty. Szilard was on the outside looking in after the team in White Sands built the Trinity bomb.
There shouldn't be any confusion about Fermi/Oppenheimer over the utilizing of atomic energy. Fermi did the FIRST pioneering experiments to show the practicality of what other famous Theoretical Scientists such as Einstein & he himself, Oppenheimer had been found out. Oppenheimer was THE father of the large scale development of the world famous atomic bomb that we all of know.
Fermi's name comes up all the time in atomic/nuclear/solid-state physics. Oppenheimer, not so much. Oppenheimer's contribution was as principal investigator of the Manhatten Project.
Sir Enrico fermi one of very few physicist who excelled in both theoritical and experimental physics. A great scientist,legend, you are my inspiration sir after Sir Albert Einstein, Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Leonhard Euler& Sir Carl Friedrich Gauss🙏.
Why not give credit to Lise Meitner, who made the theoretical groundwork for the atomic bomb, even in the new film about Oppenheimer she is not mentioned, allthough without her work the Manhattan projekt would have been in the Dark about the process. Hahn stole her work and Got the Nobel prize, a prize that rightfully should have gone to Lise.
Leo Szilard who discovered and patented the means to produce a nuclear chain reaction played the most critical part in developing nuclear power production including nuclear weapons.
It is very interesting that nobody mentions the great Scientist Lise Meitner who was the first to comprehend what happens during fission , the phenomenon which took us to the construction of the so called Atomic Bomb
Meitner is my special hero scientist, but she wouldn't have snapped to the fission mechanism without Bohr's "liquid drop" model of the nucleus and the concept of nuclear "surface tension". In turn, Bohr knew about surface tension from his doctoral work describing those forces, work inspired while he watched his own urine stream while camping in Norway as a child and wondering about the behavior of the "braided stream". So the atomic bomb came about because Bohr's mind wandered while he was looking at his dick. Go figure.😅
leo szilard was the first one who figured out that large amount of energy can be released splitting the nucleus of an atom before ottohan.he was the first one to figure out the theoratical framework of fission in 1933.but as he wasnt famous at that time so his works werent much looked at that time.meitners works were unfamiliar to most of manhattan scientists.
Fermi, on top of all the pioneering he did in Theoretical Physics, was the founder of Nuclear Power and built the first ever Nuclear Reactor. On top of that, his huge contributions to understanding Fission, were the primary tool for building the atomic bomb. So while Oppenheimer took all credit in that hideous movie, it was actually Fermi that did most the work. He deserves SO MUCH more recognition... he also pioneered many many more fields within Physics, not just Nuclear Physics, which just adds to his genius.
The Fermi paradox isn't a paradox at all, if you consider the known Universe's size & Humanity's age, closely. When you are talking about millions of light years in distances, it's no wonder no extra terrestrial life has ever contacted us. Millions of alien civilizations might have developed & gone extinct in a .million different star systems, millions of light years away & ago, without ever getting the chance to look for fellow naighbors in the cosmos! Couple that with the mere 200,000 years or so that Homo Sapiens have roamed the earth, a blink of an eye in the cosmic time scale, one can logically conclude that we haven't been here long enough to find our fellow cosmic dwellers! The distances are just too f*****g crazy! 😰
Instead of asking why an alien species has not visited Earth (which is indeterminate), we should rather come up with reasons for other species to visit Earth at all, frankly. There is a vast number of potential scenarios that goes beyond our current understanding of nature. We are designed as such to never exhaustively understand natural phenomena. We can only see a small spectrum of light. We can only hear a small range of sound waves and frequencies. The amount of information we can process at any given time is limited. These aliens could embody a species so different from us beyond those limitations of what to us carbon-based-life-forms is nature, that there is such a minor probability we could recognize them.
The universe has dust particles which make long distance travel impossible. If a ufo traveling at speed of light hit a dust particle it would be like an atom bomb going off. It would have to go very slow to be able to detect and steer around every dust particle.
Eh, of all the different types of cancer, stomach cancer probably has less connection to radiation than many others, such as thyroid cancer, leukemia, lymphoma. etc. The current thinking is that chronic infection of the stomach by H. pylori, a bacteria, is the main cause of stomach ulcer, and chronic H.pylori infection is what eventually leads to stomach cancer.
Oppenheimer was the face of the Atomic Bomb, but there were many brilliant minds behind it. Not just Fermi. Heisenberg, Einstein, Bohr, Feynman, just to name a few made great contributions towards understanding the strong force and how to unleash that energy. Some of them may not have worked directly at Los Alamos, but their research and theory helped pave the way for understanding fission and ultimately fusion. That research had long lasting impacts on our viewpoints of energy, the formation of stars, and the ultimate fate of all stars in our universe. Energy, cosmology, and physics were changed forever by those gods of physics in the early 20th century as they slowly peeled back the layers of reality to peer into the looking glass of quantum mechanics.
@@danesovic7585 I think I was trying to hard to sound smart and lost the meaning I was trying to convey. What I mean is, the nuclear stuff is good. But it is not as important or critical as his contribution to todays tech world. The Fermi level is one of the most important reference points in designing any semiconductor device .
Tesla is one of the most overrated inventors ever. Like outside of HELPING establish alternating current he legit didn’t do shit. He failed at almost everything he did. Like Edison might not have been a great dude but he was a far far better inventor
@@metalfingerz4203 you are half right… there was no one identifying themselves as politically Italian back then because there was no Italy we know it now…. But the DNA of medieval people living on the whole Italian peninsula is nearly the same as it is today….the blood line is the same.
The comment at 10:23 that the energy released by the gadget could power 2 million homes for a year is wrong by three orders of magnitude. The energy is much smaller; but it is released within a millionth of a second.
The high school in the musical Zombie Prom is named for him, as is the real-life Scuola Italiana Enrico Fermi in Chicago! Oh, and Jimmy Neutron name-dropped him in at least one episode. “By the spirit of Enrico Fermi…science shall never take a backseat to mindless pop culture again!”
J. Robert Oppenheimer did NOT head up the Manhattan Project. What he did is lead the bomb design effort. General Leslie Groves headed the Manhattan Project.
There are a lot little imprecisions. The estimation of the yeld to 10KTon was pretty accurate since the fermi method was based on order of magnitude, quite like the number of piano tuners in Chicago… The paradox also should be interpreted as an extension of this statistical problem analysis. Technically at lunch he was thinking at Drakes equation. Just a ton of years in advance, even before nasa, Apollo, Sagan. Such a genius indeed
*Who do you believe is the most underrated scientist in history?*
CORRECTION: Marie Curie and Pierre Curie never bombarded atoms with alpha particles. These experiments were done by their daughter Irene and her husband, Frédéric-Joliot Curie.
Try brilliant.org/Newsthink/ for FREE for 30 days, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription
Albert Einstein
Max Born, Arnold Sommerfeld, P.A.M. Dirac, Wolfgang Pauli, H.Kammerling-Onnes, John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, J.W.Gibbs, Heinrich Lehmann, J.P.G. DeGennes, L.D.Landau, ... and so many more.
Their work has more influence on our world today - even our life every day - than all philosophers and artists together.
Issac Newton
Actually I think that Newton and Einstein are often the first names people associate with physics and science in general.
Lisa Meitner and her nephew. Was his name Hahn? They were outside skiing for leisure when they decided to take a break. Lisa took out a pencil and a piece of paper she had in her pocket. She and her nephew made some calculations to determine how to split a nucleus. They discovered that the key was not to use fast neutrons, but to slow down the neutron so that they would stick to an already overly stuffed nucleus. This extra neutron was like the staw that broke the camel's back. It caused the nucleus to wobble like a water balloon being squeezed in the middle. Eventually, the overstuffed neutron would fly apart thereby releasing more neutrons. Lisa Meitner should get a lot more credit IMHO. I hope I'm correct in what I just stated.
Fermi is as well-known as Oppenheimer to anyone who is interested in the history of science.
Probably more, his contributions to science far outpace Oppenheimer.
For everybody else, fed by the mainstream media, it's the other guy.
He's known more I'll say
didn't Oppenheimer get the Fermi award? fakenews this title
Fermi’s Paradox would like a word….😊
Fermi doesn’t need recognition from anybody. He was the ultimate Guru and acknowledged by all scientists as one of the greatest ever. They used to call him the the “pope” for a good reason.
I actually learn about Fermi first as a kid not Openheimer and for me he was father of nuclear energy.
Exactly right
Same with me, I actually got to learn more of Oppenheimer when the movie was made
I was about to comment on the same thing. Enrico Fermi father of nuclear energy through fission.
same
Yea. Oppenheimer was not mentioned in any classes I ever took and I almost got a BS in Physics before I changed to E.E. Fermi was mentioned often. So… “credit for the atomic bomb” is not a scientific achievement. Its an engineering and management achievement. After 1903, everyone had what was needed “scientifically” to build a bomb.
Fermi is a legend in nuclear physics! He discovered/invented the first controlled nuclear reactor. Oppy and HIS TEAM built the plutonium implosion fission weapon. Little Boy was built on Fermi’s work with Uranium in Chicago.
You make it sound like a great thing. It isn't. We are a heartbeat away from the end of the human race. Read "Nuclear War" by Anne Jacobsen and then tell me what a great man Fermi is.
@@guardsful Fermi was in the team who built the bomb.
But he firstly was against such project.
Fermi died for cancer a couple of years after the war.
Fermi well known in scientific community. Even a subatomic particle category is named after him called "Fermion"
Which makes sense considering atomic energy is based on the strong force, and only fermions can exhibit the strong force. Most fermions do exhibit the strong force, except for leptons, but they are still involved with beta decay and the weak force. The weak force, specifically beta decay, are still important for nuclear energy, but for a chain reaction it doesn't have much bearing other than fallout and other residual effects after the blast. Either way, understanding of both is critical to understanding astrophysics and nuclear physics in general.
@@BitwiseMobile actually strong force is causes by the particle called Gluon which is a Boson and massless. Everything except that is correct
Fermi certainly got his due. The premier physics research facility in the US (and arguably, the world) is called Fermilab...not Oppenheimer Lab.
He rly didn’t though… This man, truly, is the father of the atomic age
Everyone know Einstein… how many even know Fermi beyond *Fermi’s Paradox ? If that?
Simply do a search here on yt for any Fermi documentaries, versus the others. I’ve never understood why this is
@@Sacrosanct5910not on UA-cam maybe but in real life cultured people do know him. And if I have to be real Majorana was even smarter than him and is even more unknown
@@Sacrosanct5910 the fun fact is that Fermi developed such paradox during his period while working at the bomb.
Seems he was in the Cafeteria togheter with the other scientists of the project and they was talking about extraterrestrial life and why they didn't yet contact us.
Fermi came out with his famous paradox.
@@marcobelli6856 Ettore Majorana was the finest mind of that century. Even smarter than Einstein.
When Eisenberg show him his data about nazi nuclear project, he answered that such things was "banal". Or basically, of a disarming simplicity.
@@marcobelli6856 I wouldn’t disagree, though you prove my point in admitted that Majorana is even LESS known, receiving less credit
But I disagree about ‘cultured’ & proper representation of our reality, in books…
I do not agree or believe that this Anglo-normativity which permeates Western consciousness, is some inevitable, organic conclusion; rather, I think it’s pretty evident that it’s a purposefully engineered narrative.
Who then can deny the erasure of the Italian design & root of our modern mind? This.. is the wider point
There are more relevant structures to be discovered, in the world of men, than just these basic components of our physical existence
Those who offer up & celebrate the Einstein’s of our world, in place of the truth, do so because they understand this… they better understand such mechanisms of power - and seek to wield it
Fermi's most significant contributions to Phsyics was his work on quantum statistics, especially in the context of condensed matter. Fermi-Dirac statistics, the Fermi Level, etc. are key ideas in understanding the electronic structure of metals and semiconductors.
My father was born in Chicago in 1930 and attended the University of Chicago to become a chemist. Fermi was one of his professors.
@@Music--ng8cdwow!
Well, he couldn`t have done it with Joe Biden...the great scientist to ever live. COME ON MAN!
@@baneverything5580 You can't do anything without your daddy all up inside you
@@baneverything5580 LET'S DO SOME CALCULUS, JACK!!
I thought "Obama Victories" were painful, then came "Biden Victories"!
Fermi’s major contribution to the Manhattan project was the development of the nuclear reactor, which was later able to produce kilogram quantities of plutonium.
"Atoms in the Family: My Life with Enrico Fermi" written by Fermi's wife is a wonderfull biography.
I'd also recommend the biography "Enrico Fermi: Physicist" by Emilio Segrè, a long time friend of his and a Nobel laureate for physics.
How was Fermi overlooked? Outside America, he is a lot more famous than Oppenheimer. In the Periodic Table of Elements, we have an element named after him (Fermium), but none named after Oppenheimer
Fermium : Atomic Number 100
Opium
Oppenheimium is too amusing to say in a serious context and keep a straight face while doing it.
Fun fact: Fermi worked in the Manhattan Project.
Robert Oppenheimer was later awarded of his work on the bomb with the "Fermi Prize".
Fermi is VERY famous among those who are more knowledgeable on this topic than a movie marketing campaign. He was critical to the bomb-building project, but he wasn't the director of the project. Big difference...
I wish they focused slightly more on the scientists in the film. I was long enough but I was a little disappointed to only get a few quick clips of men like Feynman and nothing of von Neumann.
Fermi was one of the greatest geniuses of all time, credit to Oppenheimer got coordinating all the geniuses.
Amazing that theycould all work together in step when they were such independent thinkerd
@@BonnieHaynes-gg4nk Agreed, nearly all geniuses, half a dozen Nobel laureates and future Nobel laureates
Oppie was also a genius...as a young physicist, I never realized this until I looked into his actual work and career prior to the bomb. I used to think like you, that was mostly a good coordinator...he was that as well, but, he was also at the top of the list in terms of geniuses of the world and history. He was also remarkably well-rounded in his knowledge of history, classics, liberal arts, literature, languages, etc....he wrote some of the best postmodern TS Eliot-ish poetry I have ever read. His background from upper class Jewish NYC at the turn of the century and connections with the Ethical Society, etc. are also important and interesting aspects of history that contributed to the depth of his genius
"We're cooking" ...This man was indeed ahead of his time
Breaking Bad
ua-cam.com/video/K8xcPhsaris/v-deo.html
Fermi is clearly significantly more famous than Oppenheimer as a physicist. Perceiving Oppenheimer as a more important physicist must be obvious U.S. unconscious bias. It remains that Oppenheimer indeed oversaw the fabrication of the bomb, and may thus legitimately be called the "father of the atomic bomb". His work in there was more of an engineer than of a physicist, but it does not follow that Oppenheimer would not be quite a remarkable figure of the time
I wouldn't even go so far as to calling him an engineer. He was a coordinator. He was operating at the O level in that organization, and he probably didn't have much hands on anything at that point.
@@BitwiseMobileHe was an administrator, who never managed even a lemonade stand previously in his career. I still wonder why he was selected for the job, and not say Ernest Lawrence.
@@BitwiseMobile This is clearly an overstatement, however. Oppenheimer was a brilliant physicist, but not of the levels of the Fermi, Dirac, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, von Neumann, de Broglie, Bohr, etc..., and not either at the level of junior physicists like Feynman, Schwinger etc. He was however respected by all of these scholars, whom he knew, and would not be considered an 'operator' by any of them.
Fermi is a whole class ahead of Oppenheimer (his work on quantum statistics alone dwarfs anything Oppenheimer did), but Oppenheimer did also very significant works such as the Born-Oppenheimer approximation which is very important in chemistry and molecular physics
I would argue that Fermi was way more well-known and important than Oppenheimer.
The sad thing is that Italians invented:
- the pile (Volta)
- the telephone (Meucci)
- the radio (Marconi)
- nuclear fission (Fermi)
- personal computer (Olivetti)
But we hardly got anything out of it and any credit or real sustain or economic advance for that.
Rather a lot Americans got the public perception credits for many of these inventions. They managed to manipulate perceptions and convince the average public opinion that overall these are all American inventions
Here! Here!
Sorry Marconi did not invent the radio, he essentially stole it.
Even worse, US claims to have invented pizza!!! 🤣
American just do it. Others are thinking about it.
@@qwertyman9560 Bell stole the phone to Meucci
No...He was famous indeed!! We are talking about a giant here, the man that was also call "Pope Physicist. Winner of the nobel prize in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity, inventor of the nuclear reactor, co discoverer of new radioactive elements, significant contributions in quantum physics statistical mechanics , nuclear and particles physics and more!!
Fermi and Von Neumann were critical to the Manhattan Project and legitimate geniuses.
And Leo Szilard...
Yes, Oppenheimer did not invent the bomb, but was responsible for
coordinating the creation of the bomb, with many physicists. He did that well
Those of us who studied physics at university are fully aware of the genius and importance of Enrico Fermi -it's good to be reminded just how great and versatile a physicist he really was- but the fact remains that other great scientists in the Los Alamos team also made important and essential contributions to the development of the bomb. Fermi had a steely determination and stubbornness that could sometimes upset others; he could certainly be difficult if he thought he was in the right; however he could be forgiven for having a "dark side" given the pressure they were all under. A interesting upload-thank you.
Fermi did not build the bomb, period. He made the essential breakthrough that enabled the building of the bomb.
Fermi was the only scientist after Isaac Newton and Maxwell who was both an expert experimentalist and theoretical physicist.
Who said that Enrico Fermi was not "as famous" as J Robert Oppenheimer?
But he was not credited with making a bomb because he and Szilard made a working nuclear reactor, not a bomb. So he established the exothermic process of nuclear fission and obtained energy from it.... without making the ignition process of creating an explosive device of mass destruction.
There were many men over a 50 year period who were responsible for the bomb and splitting of the atom not just one man
Neil Bor,Salazar
Yeaaaaaa.......not. it is said enough monkeys randomly typing can eventually create a work of Shakespeare.
@@retiredbore378 Marie Curie
Ernest Rutherford was a prolific contributor, especially on the practical side
Sure, I estimate news agency folks are at least 99% similar dna. Throw in orangutans and the like and a lot of potential "votes" there. Eventually scientists will figure out how to clone democrats but it's really unnecessary as made so evident in the last election. You only need one Truman to "get er done". @@retiredbore378
It is quite unbelievable the talent that the Manhattan Project had at its disposal. Arguably the greatest minds ever to have been assembled at the one place at the one time. Fermi, von Neumann, Feynman, Teller, Ulam, Bohr, Chadwick, Oppenheimer etc. I doubt we will ever see so many geniuses working on a project again.
Leo Szilard
@@BonnieHaynes-gg4nk Yes. Yet another genius. They all seemed to compliment each other's strengths and weaknesses!
Hans Bethe, Victor Weisskopf
Leo Szilard.
The person I would most like to interview is Gen Groves. Could you possibly imagine putting the smartest scientists in the world,
In the equivalent of a .
Combat Team. And making it work.
I always thought fermi was the main scientist while Oppenheimer was more of a project manager.
I would agree
Well that's false, both of them contributed a lot to the actual development. Oppenheimer too.
Without him , no stable bomb . Glad he made money from his patents . We need a movie on Fermi
Actually, if you learn physics - Fermi is a far more important and named figure than Oppenheimer who was mostly a man-manager and politician.
Fermi was interested in the pacific use of Uranium, but he had to collaborate with the Manhattan project for many reasons. He was indeed the guy who found the path to the chain reaction. Without his research nothing could have been achieved.
Thats why theres a Fermi lab and not an Oppenheimer lab
I actually knew more Fermi than Oppenheimer before the film
He was present when the X-10 Graphite Reactor went critical at Oak Ridge and witnessed the Trinity test in the New Mexico desert. After the war, Fermi became a professor at the University of Chicago, dying of stomach cancer in 1954.
Definitely a possibility radiation caused his cancer! Wonder how radioactive his body was? ☢️☢️
They were all geniuses on the Manhattan Project.
There were three Hungarians involved as well.
This is absolutely true... thanks for this clarification...
Nolan writing the movie: I will deliberately avoid to mention this man achievements.
4:55 "hitler pressed Mussolini to target Italian Jew", is not exactly true. Mussolini had ever at least since the 20s a quite anti-Semitic, but it not a systematic anti-semitism, so it means that for jews where are a possibility to live in Italy and join to PNF but they will be treated like a second-class citizens, or the fact that they was a Jew was a negative (but not exclusionary) factor on choice to be appointed at the role of responsibility in the state and/or party administration. But slowly, the anti semitism become more systematic, that leads to the racial laws, and with the war and after the 1943 armistice in the Italian Social Republic an active persecution of lives of Italian Jews.
Justly deserved tribute. Nice! “You can tune a piano but, you can’t tune a fish!” 😂☮️
Fermi, Teller, Ulam. Lots of overlooked scientists worked on this.
Fermi, Leo Szilard, Feyman, Oppenheimer and many, many more. This was the largest group of extremely talented genius in history. No one should be credited with the development although the absence of any one of them might have caused the effort to fail. In this sense Fermi was essential to the effort, but that is true of so many others.
Don't forget Kistiakowsky, Pauli, Bethe, and Rabi, among others.
With respect, Fermi is a few notches above all the rest.
No. The most talented gathering of geniuses happened in the late 80s in Staton Island
die ganze Forschung ist zuvor in Deutschland erfolgt von den weltbesten Physikern der damaligen Zeit
Warum wird das alles nicht erwähnt, die Geschichte wird damit verdreht
The last physicist to excel in both theory and experiment.
That's because after Fermi, experimental physics were about teams, not individuals. Though I guess in the aftermath people have misconstrued Oppenheimer as one of those individual experimental physicists.
I'm not so sure about that. There have been a number of remarkable scientists in the fields of solid state physics, lasers and spectroscopy who were involved in both, theory and experiments. Take as an example the confirmation of Bose-Einstein condesates by Ketterle, or the quantum Hall effect by von Klitzing.
Probably, today, technology used in modern experiments is on such an advanced level that special engineers are needed to support experiments such as the ones at CERN and Fermilab.
Other comments probably have made this point, but Oppenheimer did not "oversee the Manhattan project". He was responsible for managing the work at Los Alamos where scientists and engineers designed and built the actual bomb using . The director of the Manhattan Project was General Leslie Groves.
Dirac is truly someone who does not get credit they deserve. What he did was amazing. Feynman’s hero as a young man was Dirac.
At the Argonne Nation Lab they have the original notebook and signed bottle on display.
Just buy “The last man who knew everything” and you will find out that Fermi wasn’t underrated EVER.
He's far far far more famous than Oppenheimer to anyone with an education in physics.
0:00: 💣 Enrico Fermi's experiments and his interest in probability theory led to the creation of the atomic bomb.
2:40: 🔬 Enrico Fermi's contributions to physics include the development of Fermi-Dirac statistics, his explanation of beta decay, and his discovery of nuclear fission.
5:40: 💣 The race to understand and control nuclear fission, leading to the development of the atomic bomb.
8:16: 🔬 Fermi's pivotal role in creating the controlled release of nuclear energy and his contributions to the Manhattan Project.
11:04: 💣 Enrico Fermi, the father of the atomic bomb, made significant contributions to physics and faced moral dilemmas regarding the development of more powerful weapons. He also pondered the Fermi Paradox and battled stomach cancer before his death at the age of 53.
14:07: 🔑 Tech companies use Fermi problems in job interviews to assess problem-solving skills. Brilliant offers courses to cultivate analytical thinking.
Recap by Tammy AI
The bomb inventors saved millions of lives both Allied and Japanese. Count the cost on both sides if an invasion had taken place. I wish the idealists who condemn, would allow reality into their thinking?
It could have been a gigantic version of the battle for Saipan.
Unimaginable carnage.
Best freaking channel ever!!! I am so addicted to it and easy to follow knowledge!
maybe overlooked by the general community, but in the physics community fermi is a hero.
one of the greatest. oppenheimer is not.
Another good one. I would love to see a video outlining how you make a video,. From how you pick a topic, what areas you focus on within that topic, and how you find and select certain photos and videos to include. I would say Briilant has made you brilliant but I believe there was another cause for your brilliance. I bet you have amazing parents. That would make a good video topic to see how you were nurtured and guided to become who you are today. Tell them thank you, for raising you to be someone who so many people like me have come to rely on for educating us in such an entertaining way.
I always cry when i watch anything related to science. The missed opportunity to pursue physics still haunts me.
:(, at least you can still enjoy learning about it :). Im a physicist but i didnt made science, i ended working as software engineer and i also enjoy that, there is always things to enjoy.
It's never too late to seek knowledge...
@@godfreydaniel6278while true, it will also never become your priority when you are past a certain point in life. I've been trying to relearn to play piano for almost two years already but cannot due to family, professional and house work.
I know much more about Fermi than I do Oppenheimer, but then again I worked at the Enrico Fermi power plant for 30+ years.😁
There is no point of comparison between Fermi and Oppenheimer. Fermi was a first rate physicist and he was able to complete his work in physics. Oppenheimer is different, he directed the construction of the atomic bomb which was used without his approval against japan. After that he was involved in politicals turmoils and his career as a physicist was gonne for ever. Everybody recognize Fermi's work in physics (he is in the pages of any physics textbook) . Oppenheimer is different, he was named the 'father of the atomic bomb', which kills thousands of people, and he is accused of spying for the soviets. Oppenheimer is a 'villain', but to me he is truly a victim.
No one needed Oppenheimer's "approval".
@@PhilMoskowitz yes, you are correct, history tell us that.
Well, he did spy for Soviets, as did his brother and his wife. Alongside the fact that he had zero administrative experience prior to the Manhattan project, it's a miracle and a headscratcher why Groves chose him to lead it to begin with.
@@danesovic7585 History says that his wife and brother were communist, but the hearings or investigations couldn't prove that he was a spy for the soviets.
Grove selected Oppenheimer as a director or manager of the Manhattan project because he was the 'best': he knew the physics, he was well networked in the scientific community, he had strong communications skills, he was a hard worker and the Soviets were allies in WW2.
@@jmguevarajordan Someone with that kind of connections is a red flag already. Manhattan project was peppered with spies, clearly selection process was flawed, even if it wasn't conclusively proven in the case of Oppenheimer.
And no, he had zero experience in running any kind of research lab or doing real physics. There were people like Ernest Lawrence who was a Nobel prize winner and created two major national physics laboratories.
This is an excellent mini-documentary on Fermi’s scientific contributions to the Manhattan Project. I often wondered if Fermi had lived another 20 years, what he would have discovered. Fermi was exposed to a lot of radiation including neutrons in his work. Fermi concentrated on Pu production at Hanford. A great book on his life is The Uranium People by Leona Libby Marshall who lived with Fermi and wife before she got married. I spent 38 years working at the Department of Energy’s nuclear facilities in Oak Ridge, TN, the first Manhattan Project site. Fermi and Arthur Compton came to the Clinton Engineer Works for the start up of the X-10 graphite pile which made the first gram quantity’s of Pu. Congratulations on a fine documentary.
Fermi is known for his peaceful use of nuclear energy as well as his sub nuclear particle as Neutrino.
Fermi was Steve Wozniak and Oppenheimer Steve Jobs
I did credit him in my video about Nuclear warheads and it's history and their impact on humanity as Enrico Fermi and Glenn Seaborg were responsible for the production of plutonium in Manhattan project, but unfortunately I did not talk about how he's the man who started the race to expand the periodic table and how he's also the first man to design and build a nuclear reactor.
Love your videos! Keep it up!
This entire comment stream is entertaining as well as perplexing. Those who think that Fermi was overlooked obviously never studied science in a serious fashion. And to debate who was more (or the most) critical to the development of the bomb is pointless. How far back in physics history do you want to go? Why not include the Curies? It's a chain - remove any one link and it doesn't work. Bethe even said in an interview later in life that Oppenheimer possessed the quickest mind he had ever seen. And while Oppy was important in getting the project together, I don't think that makes him more or less important than others.
After the first successful American nuclear tests and bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, Stalin felt the need to act and urged Soviet scientists to develop an atomic bomb as well. But the project stalled. When a Chinese delegation visited Moscow in July 1949, Stalin showed them a film allegedly depicting the first Soviet nuclear test a few weeks before it took place. But where did this film come from? Where did the test take place?
"Atomic Film"
Delays in creating the bomb disrupted Stalin's foreign policy plans. A few months earlier, Stalin had received from his personal envoy to Mao Zedong, Ivan Kovalev, that the Chinese communists had discovered a secret American plan at Chiang Kai-shei headquarters. Accordingly, the Americans were preparing for World War III. Together with the national Chinese and Japanese, they intend to use atomic bombs to crush the People's Liberation Army of China. Stalin made it clear to Kovalev that the United States was not yet ready for a great war.
On July 9, the first reception of the Chinese delegation led by the second highest party figure Liu Shaochi was held at Stalin's dacha. The second conversation, which is of particular interest to us, began on the evening of July 11 in the Kremlin. Liu Shaochi asked Stalin if he wanted to help the People's Liberation Army land in Taiwan. Stalin denied it. Liu then raised the question of how great Stalin considered the danger of World War III. The dictator acted calmly. The “imperialists” are not yet sufficiently armed to resist the Soviet Union at any moment.
Liu then asked permission to visit Soviet nuclear laboratories. This request was no doubt agreed with Mao, who was familiar with and interested in nuclear weapons. Mao kept his intentions secret from the public, calling the atomic bombs "paper tigers". However, Stalin did not want to show the guests the nuclear laboratories and instead invited them to watch the film. An atomic bomb exploded. The tests, as Stalin Liu said, took place in the far north of the Soviet Union, in a deserted area near the Arctic Circle.
Strangely enough, the screening of the film took place a few weeks before August 29, 1949, the first successful Soviet atomic bomb test in Semipalatinsk. Two key actors independently confirmed the fact of the film: Kovalev, Stalin's expert on China, reported it in his memoirs, as did Shi Zhe, Mao's translator.
What drove Stalin to this bluff? His attempt to oust the Western Powers from West Berlin failed. Worse, the Berlin crisis contributed to the merger of many Western European countries and the United States into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in April 1949. America's nuclear arsenal, though small, was growing, and the Soviet Union did not yet have an atomic bomb. In Europe, Stalin was on the defensive. His attention, therefore, more than ever, was focused on Asia, where the centre of the world’s revolutionary movement had moved. Despite some reservations about Mao, Stalin saw the Chinese Communists as strategic allies. It must therefore be important for him to look as strong as possible. Nothing could illustrate this better than possessing an atomic bomb.
German film?
My guess is going in a different direction. Perhaps the film was found somewhere in Germany after the end of the war. What at first sounds like a wild conspiracy thesis is confirmed by documents I found in the inventory of sources of the archive of modern Russian history in Moscow, which lists hundreds of files of German mining. In addition to the files, films were also recorded. Most of them were rocket launches. The contents of one roll of film are described as follows: "The film about the launch of Fau-2 and the detonation of an atomic bomb". This designation of the name appears to have been literally translated from the German film into Russian.
The film was handed over to the vice-chairman of the Special Committee on Missile Construction (Committee No. 2) Ivan Grigorievich Zubovich in May 1946. There is no way to prove whether these are indeed recordings of a nuclear fission bomb test. They are more likely to test a hybrid bomb consisting of a large amount of explosives and a small amount of fissionable and thermonuclear material. Only the original films or other archival materials that have not yet been discovered can provide information about this.
This guy was a genius, they could not have been succesfully made this bomb in time without him 👌
And murdered people for US global dominance. Nice. Seems you approve.
Or $2.2 Billion
even without Oppenheimer or fermi humanity will always find a way to create the bomb as long as the foundation and theory for it exist so does the people who desire it the US was lucky for prioritizing the research on it and have it first if not the Soviet or German might have build it decades later
@@Music--ng8cd that's not something to celebrate or be proud of, but fine
@@antun88 Neither is your comment
Leo Szilard and Fermi imagined-made/built the reactor in Chicago respectively. Then Fermi went on from there and literally built the reactor with his own hands, stacking the graphite blocks with the help of football players. Szilard never got his hands dirty. Szilard was on the outside looking in after the team in White Sands built the Trinity bomb.
There shouldn't be any confusion about Fermi/Oppenheimer over the utilizing of atomic energy.
Fermi did the FIRST pioneering experiments to show the practicality of what other famous Theoretical Scientists such as Einstein & he himself, Oppenheimer had been found out.
Oppenheimer was THE father of the large scale development of the world famous atomic bomb that we all of know.
Click bait title as usual.
Fermi's name comes up all the time in atomic/nuclear/solid-state physics. Oppenheimer, not so much. Oppenheimer's contribution was as principal investigator of the Manhatten Project.
When something about Ettore Maiorana? And the kids from via Panisperna?
Oppenheimer's insistence on radiological weapons is why he was chosen to be a test engineer at Trintiy.
Sir Enrico fermi one of very few physicist who excelled in both theoritical and experimental physics. A great scientist,legend, you are my inspiration sir after Sir Albert Einstein, Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Leonhard Euler& Sir Carl Friedrich Gauss🙏.
Why not give credit to Lise Meitner, who made the theoretical groundwork for the atomic bomb, even in the new film about Oppenheimer she is not mentioned, allthough without her work the Manhattan projekt would have been in the Dark about the process. Hahn stole her work and Got the Nobel prize, a prize that rightfully should have gone to Lise.
Fermi was a brilliant physicist to bad today he's only known by the Fermi paradox to most people
Leo Szilard who discovered and patented the means to produce a nuclear chain reaction played the most critical part in developing nuclear power production including nuclear weapons.
It is very interesting that nobody mentions the great Scientist Lise Meitner who was the first to comprehend what happens during fission , the phenomenon which took us to the construction of the so called Atomic Bomb
Meitner is my special hero scientist, but she wouldn't have snapped to the fission mechanism without Bohr's "liquid drop" model of the nucleus and the concept of nuclear "surface tension".
In turn, Bohr knew about surface tension from his doctoral work describing those forces, work inspired while he watched his own urine stream while camping in Norway as a child and wondering about the behavior of the "braided stream".
So the atomic bomb came about because Bohr's mind wandered while he was looking at his dick.
Go figure.😅
leo szilard was the first one who figured out that large amount of energy can be released splitting the nucleus of an atom before ottohan.he was the first one to figure out the theoratical framework of fission in 1933.but as he wasnt famous at that time so his works werent much looked at that time.meitners works were unfamiliar to most of manhattan scientists.
Fermi, on top of all the pioneering he did in Theoretical Physics, was the founder of Nuclear Power and built the first ever Nuclear Reactor. On top of that, his huge contributions to understanding Fission, were the primary tool for building the atomic bomb. So while Oppenheimer took all credit in that hideous movie, it was actually Fermi that did most the work.
He deserves SO MUCH more recognition... he also pioneered many many more fields within Physics, not just Nuclear Physics, which just adds to his genius.
The Fermi paradox isn't a paradox at all, if you consider the known Universe's size & Humanity's age, closely. When you are talking about millions of light years in distances, it's no wonder no extra terrestrial life has ever contacted us.
Millions of alien civilizations might have developed & gone extinct in a .million different star systems, millions of light years away & ago, without ever getting the chance to look for fellow naighbors in the cosmos!
Couple that with the mere 200,000 years or so that Homo Sapiens have roamed the earth, a blink of an eye in the cosmic time scale, one can logically conclude that we haven't been here long enough to find our fellow cosmic dwellers!
The distances are just too f*****g crazy! 😰
Absolutely.
Instead of asking why an alien species has not visited Earth (which is indeterminate), we should rather come up with reasons for other species to visit Earth at all, frankly.
There is a vast number of potential scenarios that goes beyond our current understanding of nature. We are designed as such to never exhaustively understand natural phenomena. We can only see a small spectrum of light. We can only hear a small range of sound waves and frequencies. The amount of information we can process at any given time is limited.
These aliens could embody a species so different from us beyond those limitations of what to us carbon-based-life-forms is nature, that there is such a minor probability we could recognize them.
Known universe is as far as we can see.
Outside that distance we don't know.
That proves there are billions of suns with habitable planets , there was low probability of evolving intelligent lives!
The universe has dust particles which make long distance travel impossible. If a ufo traveling at speed of light hit a dust particle it would be like an atom bomb going off. It would have to go very slow to be able to detect and steer around every dust particle.
Thank you.
Eh, of all the different types of cancer, stomach cancer probably has less connection to radiation than many others, such as thyroid cancer, leukemia, lymphoma. etc. The current thinking is that chronic infection of the stomach by H. pylori, a bacteria, is the main cause of stomach ulcer, and chronic H.pylori infection is what eventually leads to stomach cancer.
Excellent video on an interesting topic about an interesting person. Thanks!
I quote from the video, 9:06: “He was responsible for developing a means for the CONTROLLED release of nuclear energy”. That’s not the bomb, actually.
Your videos are excellent!
The bomb was conceptualized by Leo Szilard. Fermi did the experimental work.
Fermi did much more back in Italy, for example the first nuclear scission using slow neutron
Fermi invented nuclear reactor.
Oppenheimer was the face of the Atomic Bomb, but there were many brilliant minds behind it. Not just Fermi. Heisenberg, Einstein, Bohr, Feynman, just to name a few made great contributions towards understanding the strong force and how to unleash that energy. Some of them may not have worked directly at Los Alamos, but their research and theory helped pave the way for understanding fission and ultimately fusion. That research had long lasting impacts on our viewpoints of energy, the formation of stars, and the ultimate fate of all stars in our universe. Energy, cosmology, and physics were changed forever by those gods of physics in the early 20th century as they slowly peeled back the layers of reality to peer into the looking glass of quantum mechanics.
I am an electrical engineer. I have learnt some Semiconductor Physics. His work for the bomb is trivial in magnitude and consequence.
Really, when does bomb happen if Fermi doesn't invent nuclear reactor?
@@danesovic7585 I think I was trying to hard to sound smart and lost the meaning I was trying to convey. What I mean is, the nuclear stuff is good. But it is not as important or critical as his contribution to todays tech world. The Fermi level is one of the most important reference points in designing any semiconductor device .
Nicola Tesla I think.
He does not get credit for many of his own inventions.
Tesla was good in his field but absolutely goofy about other fields
Tesla is one of the most overrated inventors ever. Like outside of HELPING establish alternating current he legit didn’t do shit. He failed at almost everything he did. Like Edison might not have been a great dude but he was a far far better inventor
leo szilard, jonny von neumann, ede teller
One of the many italians mind of the other century, incredible how many geniuses were born in a so little country in a little span of time
Italy also produced genius like De Vinci and others!
Why is it incredible??…. You have Da Vinci and all the renaissance masters.
@@Slo-ryde i would not consider him "italian" cause at that time Italy was not a thing like today
@@metalfingerz4203 you are half right… there was no one identifying themselves as politically Italian back then because there was no Italy we know it now…. But the DNA of medieval people living on the whole Italian peninsula is nearly the same as it is today….the blood line is the same.
???? it was literally called italia" int he roman empire@@Slo-ryde
Maria Skłodowska - Curie.
The comment at 10:23 that the energy released by the gadget could power 2 million homes for a year is wrong by three orders of magnitude. The energy is much smaller; but it is released within a millionth of a second.
Fermi has been called the greatest experimental physicist of 20th century.
Newsthink, thank you for these interesting biographies of the "Great Minds" that have influenced our past, present, and future.
The high school in the musical Zombie Prom is named for him, as is the real-life Scuola Italiana Enrico Fermi in Chicago!
Oh, and Jimmy Neutron name-dropped him in at least one episode. “By the spirit of Enrico Fermi…science shall never take a backseat to mindless pop culture again!”
Idk why but the title screen makes me think of Schmidtywarbermanjensen😂😂😂😭. Uk from SpongeBob? “He was number one!!!” 😂
J. Robert Oppenheimer did NOT head up the Manhattan Project. What he did is lead the bomb design effort. General Leslie Groves headed the Manhattan Project.
one of my heroes with faraday and maxwell
Can you make a same type of documentary about Physicist Paul Dirac.
Forgotten? There’s an element named for him.
2:00 thats muscle hes pulling out
There are a lot little imprecisions. The estimation of the yeld to 10KTon was pretty accurate since the fermi method was based on order of magnitude, quite like the number of piano tuners in Chicago…
The paradox also should be interpreted as an extension of this statistical problem analysis. Technically at lunch he was thinking at Drakes equation. Just a ton of years in advance, even before nasa, Apollo, Sagan. Such a genius indeed
Love this history lesson!
Enrico Fermi won a Nobel price for the discovery of the “neutrino” and the chain reaction in 1936.