"K" (ᚲ), "G" (ᚷ), "D" (ᛞ)--Rune Origins Series
Вставка
- Опубліковано 22 лют 2022
- A look at possible origins for the runes for K, G, and D in the Elder Futhark.
Jackson Crawford, Ph.D.: Sharing real expertise in Norse language and myth with people hungry to learn, free of both ivory tower elitism and the agendas of self-appointed gurus. Visit jacksonwcrawford.com/ (includes bio and linked list of all videos).
Jackson Crawford’s Patreon page: / norsebysw
Visit Grimfrost at www.grimfrost.com?aff=183
Latest FAQs: vimeo.com/375149287 (updated Nov. 2019).
Jackson Crawford’s translation of Hávamál, with complete Old Norse text: www.hackettpublishing.com/the... or www.amazon.com/Wanderers-Hava...
Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Poetic Edda: www.hackettpublishing.com/the... or www.amazon.com/Poetic-Edda-St...
Audiobook: www.audible.com/pd/The-Poetic...
Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Saga of the Volsungs: www.hackettpublishing.com/the... or www.amazon.com/Saga-Volsungs-...
Audiobook: www.audible.com/pd/The-Saga-o...
Music © I See Hawks in L.A., courtesy of the artist. Visit www.iseehawks.com/
Logos by Elizabeth Porter (snowbringer at gmail).
A current (Feb. 2023) summary of what I think is the most likely derivation for the rune alphabet (and its individual letters) at ua-cam.com/video/NwEIqeJaNLY/v-deo.html
I am really enjoying this series on runes! Thank you for sharing your knowledge, and providing fodder for immense amounts of jealousy with your scenic filming locations.
I just got one of your books, the Prose Edda, I’m so excited to read it!
The intro music sounds very much like the theme for The Mysterious Stranger in the Fallout games!!! Good job!
I’m so glad I found this channel. I love learning!
Hey! Awesome possum 🧝. Love these Rune Origins Series. I'll smash this like button & share it like boss. Thank you Dr J. Greetings from Ireland now. 🙏
I find runes of great interest to me most of all because I am a huge fan of the band Wardruna and they have used the runes in much if not all of their music. I love learning about runes! I think I need some example words given for discussion of each rune you discuss as it is very difficult to see the runes as they were used in context when you discuss them as isolated “letters” without giving any context of meaning. Thank you for all your teaching,
I ordered a winged spearhead off of Grimfrost thanks to your advertising....Thanks!!
Super interesting content, thank you!
I can understand why the c is often used in Old Norse writing.
The idea of a letter forming from two letters written together isn't too far fetched-it happened in german to give us ß! I personally am surprised that Futhorc ended up not having a bindrune on the end to represent the sh sound!
Because there was no sh sound in the time that runes were used.
@@faramund9865 It evolved from *sk, and futhorch was in usage after palatalisaiton. There was a seperate ch and k rune in it.
@@tompatterson1548 There wasn't a separate ch and k rune, both sounds were written with the old english cen (ċēn) rune. Only modern transcriptions distinguish the sounds using a dot over the c, i.e. ċ, and the sh sound was written sc (in runes), in modern transcriptions often sċ
I'm enjoying this exploration of the influences on the Futhark alphabets. The possible links to other languages is fascinating. When it comes to why the Younger F has fewer runes that the Elder, it just makes me think of Type I and Type II Braille. The rationale behind getting rid of symbols for Type II was supposedly to make it more efficient for communication, and it's the version that apparently gets taught to new users - although it wasn't popular with existing users, one of whom described it to me as being like 'text-speke'. Would it be worth looking into that at all?
Well I see that most runes are similar to etruscan/ venetic scripts, leading me to believe the script was probably adopted by the norse from some earlier tribe that lived closer to them, like in the alps
And the Lepontic?
Yes, the alps are right next to the Norse.
What you’re trying to say is that the Germanic people adopted it from someone living next to them.
I’m sorry it annoys me to no end that people think the Norse somehow exclusively own Germanic culture even though they received e.g. runes from their West-Germanic cousins to their south.
The only reason we speak so much of the Norse is because they managed to fight back against Roman christianity for the longest period, probably because they were furthest away from... Rome.
Well yes im aware, what I really mean is that maybe that alpine tribe passed down the early runes to a Germanic tribe in contact with the norse, who passed it to them
Would you possibly be able to show us in a video how to properly spell the rune names using the runic alphabet itself? Kauna in particular seems confusing. That "au" sound... should it phonetically be spelled more like "ah" (just an ansuz) or more like "ow" (incorporate a wunjo)?
/au/ is spelled as ansuz + ūruz. See, for example, the Øvre Stabu lancehead, reading /raunijaz/. In general, diphthongs always seem to be written with two vowel letters.
What are your views on people writing modern languages in runes?
4:11 "from the etruscans, from the romans, or from some other group, maybe for example the elves" 😂
From Sindarin, perhaps?
What language would the first writers of Runes have been speaking ?
At what point on the road from etruscan to proto-northwest-germanic are we calling it runes?
Did dialects of Greek with "chi" already used for a fricative exist at the relevant time?
Couldn't the extra leg making a G from a C actually be sort of a denouncing symbol to signal that it's no a C but a G since the added leg on the G is a right angle like an upside down C? Does that make sense?
Cowboy-Vikings will reign, I have forseen it!
I wonder if any alphabets had both C and Gamma, because they look different enough.
👍
A question about "X": in Etruscan, the letter makes /ks/ like it does in Latin, while in the Greek scripts at the time X could be /ks/ or /kʰ/, and Ψ could make /kʰ/ or /ps/, and to make things even more confusing the symbols X and Ψ could look like each other and weren't always distinguished as different...
So, when looking at where the "X" letter in the Alpine scripts that use it for a /k/ or /g/ sound, is it more likely that they borrowed it from the Etruscan "X" and converted /ks/ → /k/ → /g/, or that they borrowed it from a different Greek script that _did_ use X for /kʰ/, and converted it to /g/?
The latter in my mind seems more likely, _but_ it seems from these videos that in ancient Italy the Etruscan script was very influential; after all, if they _did_ borrow Greek X = /kʰ/ over the Etruscan X = /ks/, why not also borrow C for /g/ and not for /k/? Perhaps both happened in earlier versions of these scripts, and then _those_ scripts got re-recombined to end up with the usage of X = /g/ and C = /k/? I'm interested in these ancient Celtic Alpine Scripts, it would be cool to see a big table of the different ones we know of and their suspected sounds to compare and contrast.
One factor is that in Etruscan /k/ and /g/ are positional variants from one another, the latter being a voiced allophone in intervocalic position.
The story of C and G in Latin is more complicated than simply adding a bar, the Latin G is primarily derived from the original Etruscan borrowing of Greek zeta which is why it has the position of zeta, although the eventual form is influenced by C. (The Z at the end of the Roman alphabet is a secondary borrowing of zeta.) See Hempl's famous paper "The origin of the Latin letters G and Z". Also Q was not simply just a k sound, qoppa was a k sound with rounded lips - unnecessary in Greek as the lip rounding in cases where it was used is part of the vowel. Latin also used it for lip rounded k. Latin also had a lip rounded g but just wrote c for it the same as it did for ordinary k and g. These develop a furtive u vowel following it and with time the lip rounded k and furtive u develop into a kw cluster, and that is why we write kw as qu. Similarly the lip rounded g and furtive u became a gw cluster. See Sturtevant's famous paper "The pronunciation of Latin qu and gu". Also "san" is just the original name for sigma. The letter you are referring to is actually "sampi" which in the past has wrongly been called "san" by some scholars.
I don’t see your argument against the mirrored C, it’s exactly the same scenario as the Romans making a G out of a C. And I do mean EXACTLY the same.
That doesn’t mean the other theory isn’t credible too. Just don’t see why you’d crack down on the first theory even though it’s perfectly plausible. Also because we see plenty of mirroring in runes.