Network Application, Client-Server & Peer-to-Peer P2P Architecture, Socket, Transport layer services

Learn Network Application, Client-Server Architecture, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture, Process, Socket, Transport layer services. A network application is a software program that runs on a computer and utilizes the computer network or the Internet to connect with another program running on another computer.
TCP IP Model Explained: • TCP IP Model Explained...
There are two types of network application architectures.
1. Client-Server architecture
2. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture
In Client-Server architecture, there is an ALWAYS-ON end system called Server which receives requests from many other end systems called Clients. In P2P architecture, end systems communicate directly with each other without any dedicated server.
Within the clients and servers, there are network application programs that create and receive requests. It means that it is a program running on both a client and server which communicates with one another over a network. A running program is called a process. So we say that it is a process which communicates with each other.
All messages that the client process sends into the network and the server process receives from the network, move through a software interface called a socket.
In the Internet, the receiving end system (which is server in this case) is identified by the IP address, and the receiving process within the receiving end system is identified by the port number.
Network application is built using the services offered by the selected transport layer protocol.
The services which transport layer protocols can offer includes:
1. Reliable data transfer
2. Throughput
3. Timing, and
4. Security
Transport layer protocols - TCP and UDP - do not provide any data encryption. However, TCP-enhanced-with-SSL or Secure Sockets Layer provides data encryption, data integrity, and end-point authentication.
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