Buccaneer And TSR-2 | The British Nuclear Capable Aircraft | A Historical Documentary
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- Опубліковано 27 лют 2023
- A documentary about the Blackburn Buccaneer, the cancelled BAC TSR-2 and the british nuclear capable aircraft, such as the English Electric Canberra.
The Blackburn Buccaneer is a British carrier-capable attack aircraft designed in the 1950s for the Royal Navy (RN). Designed and initially produced by Blackburn Aircraft at Brough, it was later officially known as the Hawker Siddeley Buccaneer when Blackburn became a part of the Hawker Siddeley Group, but this name is rarely used.
The Buccaneer was originally designed in response to the Soviet Union's Sverdlov-class cruiser construction programme. Instead of building a new fleet of its own, the Royal Navy could use the Buccaneer to attack these ships by approaching at low altitudes below the ship's radar horizon. The Buccaneer could attack using a nuclear bomb, or conventional weapons. It was later intended to carry short-range anti-shipping missiles to improve its survivability against more modern ship-based anti-aircraft weapons.
The Buccaneer entered Royal Navy service in 1962. The initial production aircraft suffered a series of accidents due to insufficient engine power, which was quickly addressed in the Buccaneer S.2, equipped with more powerful Rolls-Royce Spey jet engines. The Buccaneer was also offered as a possible solution for the Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a supersonic interdictor carrying nuclear weapons. It was rejected as not meeting the specification in favour of the much more advanced supersonic BAC TSR-2, but the cost of the TSR-2 programme led to its cancellation, only to be followed by the cancellation of its selected replacement, the General Dynamics F-111K. The RAF purchased Buccaneers and American Phantom IIs as TSR-2 substitutes, the Buccaneer entering service in 1969.
The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 is a cancelled Cold War strike and reconnaissance aircraft developed by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The TSR-2 was designed around both conventional and nuclear weapons delivery: it was to penetrate well-defended frontline areas at low altitudes and very high speeds, and then attack high-value targets in rear areas. Another intended combat role was to provide high-altitude, high-speed stand-off, side-looking radar and photographic imagery and signals intelligence, aerial reconnaissance. Only one airframe flew and test flights and weight-rise during design indicated that the aircraft would be unableto meet its original stringent design specifications. The design specifications were reduced as the result of flight testing.
The TSR-2 was the victim of ever-rising costs and inter-service squabbling over Britain's future defence needs, which together led to the controversial decision in 1965 to scrap the programme. It was decided to order an adapted version of the General Dynamics F-111 instead, but that decision was later rescinded as costs and development times increased. The replacements included the Blackburn Buccaneer and McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, both of which had previously been considered and rejected early in the TSR-2 procurement process. Eventually, the smaller swing-wing Panavia Tornado was developed and adopted by a European consortium to fulfil broadly similar requirements to the TSR-2.
General characteristics
Crew: 2
Length: 63 ft 5 in (19.33 m)
Wingspan: 44 ft (13 m)
Height: 16 ft 3 in (4.95 m)
Wing area: 514 sq ft (47.8 m2)
Empty weight: 30,000 lb (13,608 kg)
Gross weight: 62,000 lb (28,123 kg)
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Spey Mk.101 turbofan engines, 11,000 lbf (49 kN) thrust each
Performance
Maximum speed: 580 kn (670 mph, 1,070 km/h) at 200 ft (61 m)
Maximum speed: Mach 0.95
Range: 2,000 nmi (2,300 mi, 3,700 km)
Service ceiling: 40,000 ft (12,000 m)
Wing loading: 120.5 lb/sq ft (588 kg/m2)
Thrust/weight: 0.36
Armament
Hardpoints: 4 × under-wing pylon stations for up to 12,000 lb (5,443 kg) of bombs, and 1 × internal rotating bomb bay with a capacity of 4,000 lb (1,814 kg), with provisions to carry combinations of:
Rockets: 4 × Matra rocket pods with 18 × SNEB 68-mm rockets each
Missiles: Either 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders for self-defence, 3 × AS-37 Martel missiles, 2x AJ-168 TV Martel,or 3 × Sea Eagle missile
Bombs: Various unguided bombs, laser-guided bombs, as well as either the Red Beard or WE.177 tactical nuclear bombs
Other: AN/ALQ-101 ECM protection pod, AN/AVQ-23 Pave Spike laser designator pod, buddy refuelling pack or drop tanks for extended range/loitering time
Avionics
Blue Parrot ASV search/attack radar
#aircraft #bomber #buccaneer - Наука та технологія
Click the link to watch more aircraft, heroes and their stories, missions: www.youtube.com/@Dronescapes
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I am sorry to say, your pronunciation of "Canberra" is very far from the way we Australian say the word. Try "Can-bruh" and you will get closer to it. 😁
I served in the RAF in the mid 80s and the Buccaneers were in service. I was on exercise in Gibraltar when a Buccaneer came in to land at the airport. Had a chat with the pilot and was allowed to sit in the cockpit. A memorable experience, good days.
Can-bear-ra? Never heard the Canberra called that
An endless debate. As I mentioned before in other comments, there is even a newspaper article debating that, it was written in 1926. Same goes on the way you pronounce aluminum. I also mention how Italians are not bothered by the way Michelangelo's name is butched around the world. they are a peace with that. Perhaps it takes 500 years to be ok with that 🙂😉
@@DronescapesThere’s no debate. Your saying it wrong. It’s an Australian Aboriginal word……..I’m Australian . Our capital is called Canberra. The aircraft is named after it.
Why is it that innovative British engineering is always let down by bad leadership at all levels. Sort of hints at why the UK is in its current mess.
Who's the more foolish, the fool or those who elect them?!!😁😁
That was only the start, look at us now, a laughing stock.
Bloody criminal from any viewpoint.
It's because we delegate responsibility
to those with a plum in their mouth
The British Government, in my three quarters of a century have done, I reckon, more harm to Industry (and the country) than ever the Third Reich did.
Buccaneer FTW. And even in the TV series "Fighter Pilot" one guy called it 'a real aircraft'; oh in the "Area 88" 2004 TV series it makes an appearance in one episode.
I had a model of the Buccaneer… in the 70s…, beautiful lines
👍
I used to visit BA Brough about 30 years ago. There was a hanger with a Buccaneer with rams on the wings moving up and down. I assume it was long term fatigue testing. I had assumed the Buccaneer was retired at that time. I met one of the retired pilots. He had flow them in the first Gulf war with a targeting pod. Apparently at the time it was the most stable platform.
Outstanding documentary!👏👏👍👍👍
Glad you enjoyed it!
Excellent, but the raid on Taranto was in November 1940, not 1941.
@@scottwood2106 Who cares, it's not like knowing it happened in 40 or 41 has any bearings on what we go through today😕 It'll be the same if someone said it happened in 1945, makes no difference at all😕👍
That's very historical in the 20th century very complex technology & mechanisms.
Wow! It left a Lightning "in the dust" with one engine on reheat/afterburner, while the Lightning was using both engines in reheat.
How could they be so stupid to cancel it?! A world beater.
The Miles M52, the TSR2... There were several after WW2 where the English shot themselves in the foot.
Corruption and ego over scientific method and real unbiased comparison to other options.
The TSR2 looks to me like it's wings are too small, obviously not in reality.
The later Sepecat Jaguar looks like a mini version of the TSR2. I wonder if there were some recycling of concepts...
I suspect there was also US pressure originating from majors such as McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed and others who I am certain didn't want the TSR's performance and capability to overshadow their own aircraft. Irrespective of developing for home defence services (first) such as the RAF and Royal Navy, these aircraft would have been sold on* to other countries in various forms... not something the Americans wanted at all.
I wonder if political pressure / sweeteners came Labour's way from Washington. There remains much debate to this day over the alleged pressure on Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker over Avro Canada in the late 1950s and their highly advanced mach 2 (potential) Arrow programme. This was scrapped at short notice with assembly line, tooling, plans, existing airframes, and engines ordered destroyed. AVRO Canada as a result went bust and the designers, engineers and technical system developers scattered many picked up... by American companies.
Today, US companies dominate the strike fighter / bomber / stealth / multi-role markets with huge support and open ended black budgets from their government / military complex... although they had to lean on the British S/VTOL Harrier for decades until the F35 arrived (at eye watering expense). Accepted that I am not considering the impractical X13 / Convair Pogo dev projects and aircraft like the tilt rotor Osprey.
And yes, the British have ordered F35s for the airforce and navy and these are in service (just about). Last time I looked there had been several recalls and groundings due to 'technical issues'.
***
* Even the heavy WW2 bomber, the Lancaster was re-purposed and sold at the end of the war and into the early 1950s as a commercial freight and travel aircraft, The Lancastrian. AVRO Canada flew these with passengers between Montreal and Prestwick in England. Later Quantas in Australia, BOAC and others extended further routes across the world.
Part of this success was down to the brilliant 'British' Rolls Royce Merlin engine... which the Americans had borrowed during the war to save their limited performance (versus the Axis) P-51 Mustang. Mustang ace Col. Clarence E. “Bud” Anderson wrote that the Mustang “went like hell” because “the Merlin had great gobs of power and was equally at home high or low, thanks to its two-stage, two-speed supercharger.”
AV Roe & Company (AVRO), a British company were established in 1909 and one of the first aircraft manufacturers in the world effectively forefathers of an industry and arguably produced the first successfully mass-produced aircraft, the Avro E or Avro 500 in 2012. Britain were world leaders in engine / aircraft design for decades and this always meant a sharp eye on commercial opportunities.
Yes I know... the Wright Brothers but not successfully mass produced "the Wright Company built approximately 120 airplanes across all of its different models between 1910 and 1915".
All politics. The TSR was a superb aircraft. The Americans just did not want it to fly. Afraid of the competition. And the Americans made the rules as the UK came out of WW2 with massive debts to the US. So the Americans were in charge in the UK.
@@Spartanm333 Hi, sorry to be pedantic, but Prestwick is in Scotland, that little country across the border from England. A certain Elvis Presley once landed there. Allegedly, American rendition flights landed there also - like I said, allegedly.
The TSR2 was far from ready for operational service and still not capable when it finally became the TSR3 Tornado.
The Buccaneer was designed as a proper transonic aircraft with extensive area ruling to the airframe envelope. This gave it a great edge in low level operations with denser air. I believe a thin wing version was also planned. The outstanding problem that plagued British military aviation post war, in spite of political forces was simply lack of money. The UK was bankrupt. The price of saving Europe from tyrrany bankrupted us, and we never really recovered despite the spin. Other forces were present willing to enforce their place under the sun in the emerging world.
🇬🇧🇬🇧❤️👍🤗😁😀 the Buccaneer is an interesting aircraft jet the wings fold up retractable like the landing gear. Nice jet RAF that's so cool.
i love these old brit air craft..the buc is such a cool looking plane...love the jag also..and the hunter
Very Good 😊
Thanks 😄
That’s was a unique air brake!
I once saw inside the cockpit of a Buccaneer, saw what you might say. I was stood on the Flight Deck of HMS Bulwark as we made passage from Malta to Gibraltar. Bloody amazing and at the same time gut wrenching
Can-bara! Otherwise a very good vid!
You can find a newspaper article from 1926 debating how to pronounce it....🙂 the producer is English. It is a bit like the endless debate about how to pronounce aluminum.. Italians, for example, gave up on how Michelangelo is pronounced. Perhaps after hundreds of years, they are at peace with the fact the probably only Italians pronounce it right.
The idea of joint development should have been implemented a long time ago. Allies pitch in to reduce cost, then equally reap the benefits.
Sverdlovs didn't deploy nukes, and those pictures of the missiles aren't from Sverdlovs.
There was a lot of talk in defense circles in the 50’s of the threat of the Sverdlov class cruisers … in actuality they were a WW2 design not able to take out carriers … like the missile gap in the 60 s cause a little hysteria to pump up defense spending
"Lovely the buck, and the british lightening. 🏴🇬🇧❤️💪
Blackburn were going to deliver the mk2 Buccaneer known as the Super Buccaneer which was larger and supersonic again this was stalled even though the mk1 was in service.
No doubt that would have fitted the bill
TSR2 was so ahead of its times there wouldn't have been the need for the Tornado. TSR2 being cancelled was a major mistake.
So the Buccaneer was designed as a sort of ship-killing "manned nuclear Exocet" decades before the Exocet !
Wilson looked to America for the F111. A hi-tech aircraft still in the development phase and plagued by budget overruns, after scrapping TSR 2; a high-tech aircraft still in the development phase and plagued by budget overruns. Mr Wilson, Jenkins Healey etc were perhaps trying to keep America happy in buying F111. Sadly we shall never know what really happened, because even with the thirty year rule many documents are not released because they're still too sensitive.
The Canadian Avro Arrow faced the same fear from the Americans in the 1950's as the British TR2 in the 1960's. The Arrow in the 50's could fly higher, further carry more weapons, and fly faster than anything in the world. The Americans had nothing that could compare in existence nor on the drawing board
@barracuda7018 where did I say that the CF-105 was a bomber? Show me. I just pointed out a similarity with the 2 aircraft!
Yes, the CF-105 was developed as a high altitude high-speed interceptor in order to combat potential russian bomber from attacking North America via the Arctic. That changed as soon as Russia launched sputnik (exact same day as the CF-105 Arrow was unveiled to the public)
After which, through political pressuring, LBJ made a deal with Diefenbaker (knowing how much the Arrow was costing) that the US would sell Canada 66 F-101 Voodoos as well as the Bomarc missle, a surface-to-air guided missile system resulting from the 1957 NORAD agreement with the United States, this is because LBJ and the US Military believed that bombers were no longer the threat because the launch of sputnik changed their thinking to that now ICBM's were the threat.
The US DID have a hand in the demise of the CF-105 Arrow by playing on the high cost over runs and with some political pressures, hell, even the CIA was very "interested" in the Arrow because it was the first to incorporate computer technology.
Also, The USAF at one time DID want to purchase some CF-105's but the US Government didn't want to send the wrong message regarding their own Areospace program to their export partners, AND the UK Government was also interested as they even went so far as requesting an Arrow for Flight Testing to which Diefenbaker asked them to recind their request for an Aircraft
@@roberttanguay8532 don't even argue wit this guy, he's just a NPC clown, no awareness
Saw a movie about the arrow . The yanks wrecked it . The day after Canadian avro folded they were actively recruiting laid off Canadian aircraft engineers . Bloody devious and treacherous . The arrow had better performance than .the much later hornet .
@@philipcamp1370 That movie was 20% fact 80% fiction.
During the Cold War RAF Buccaneers would perform simulated low level attacks on our airbase during our combat employment excercises. We were never warned of their approach and they would scare the bejesus out of you. 😉
The RAF should have just bought 120 new-build Buccaneers in 1964 as a interim measure until something way better came along. The Buccaneer would have served well for medium-range interdiction strikes against Warsaw Pact targets even well into the 1980's. It was very fortunate that the Panavia Tornado, a plane that could carry 5,000 lb more payload and could operate out of even shorter runways than the TSR.2, started to enter service in 1980.
What the Wilson Government did to the TSR2 was criminal
It was a dog. Cancelling was correct
1947 Wilson was president of the board of trade . Russia put in a request for our most advanced rolls Royce jet engine . Wilson agreed . 3 years later they had reversed engineered them and put them in mig 15 over Korea. Nice one arold
@@philipcamp1370 Stafford Cripps was the Labour Chancellor at that time and thought the Sun shone out of Stalin' s arse. There was a lot of treachery in that Government as there is now.
Still appalling .
Closing down shipyards and aircraft factories was criminal, not cancelling a plane full of problems with no export potential.
Those two guys at the end had the same eyeglasses. What are the odds on that?????
Anytime Mountbatten gets involved… turns to shit
You got big buccaneers! LoL
An excellent video, that needs to be seen as a warning from history.
TSR2, I remember my parents and many of their generation were furious when TSR2 was cancelled.
They could see their government was beginning the process that runs right through to this year's fashionable woke-ism, and with Americans this year pointing to the British military as no longer first class front line due to lack of investment, stock and lack of numbers of personnel.
The fact is, today the British government is incapable of successfully defending the country and people due to a severely underfunded and far to small military, even against a determined rouge state like Iran, a clear betrayal of any government's primary reason to exist.
Notice how the SU25 looks like a cheap copy of the Buccaneer?
🙂
We was the best in the world
The British government has ALWAYS made bad choices in the war. Almost to the point, you needed ask your self "who's side are you on"?
Every time he says Can-bear-a 😬
The Buccaneer…….they flew it so low they had to climb to raise the undercarriage.
Built for pilots that couldn't stand height.
All these years later, one can’t help but think that the Americans engineered the cancellation of TSR-2…and the Canadians Avrò Arrow. Sad times that we had such weak governments who were so ready to sell out their aviation industry.
A month later ????
What are you smoking ?
Only off by a whole year.
The RAF Buccaneer was the result on the wholesale cancellation of British military projects by the Harold Wilson Government of 1964. It would have been far cheaper to produce TSR-2, but it was cancelled and $ Millions spent on the American F-111K, money down the drain as that too was cancelled. The RAF ended up with the Royal Navy Buccaneer S2 which it did not want.
The armed forces ask for the impossible yesterday! The manufacturers attempt to achieve their ever increasing demands and lack of design freeze. The politicians pull the plugs when the development costs overrun to keep up with ever growing customer demands. I love the idea of Comrade Denis blaming the Conservatives for everything 😂
What politicians did to TSR2, they are now doing to Great Britain. When you look at the effect the current lack of will to solve any of our problems is having, especially the problem of too many people being allowed to flood in, illegally or legally, which placing a crippling and ultimately destructive burden on all of our services, what other conclusion can one reach.
That's bullshit, regurgitated from the Daily Mail. Immigration is absolutely not the reason for Britain's current problems and any real look at the facts and statistics would disprove your point. Incompetent and corrupt leadership is killing this nation, not a comparatively small number of immigrants.
Please learn how to pronounce
Canberra. 🥴
Canbra. not Can Berra.
A "holy British bomber", sure it was a fine aircraft but "holy"????
Can-bear-a? It's not just this video which really is very good, I do wish video makers in general were not so sloppy with pronunciation and spelling or should I say pro-noun-c- ation and Engrish spelink?
Canberra is not pronounced can-bear-a!
The controversy about the pronunciation goes back a century. There is a article from 1926 debating it. Imagine what Italians think every time they hear the name Michelangelo from non native speaking Italians.
@@Dronescapes In that case maybe I'll soon play some music by 'Jay Zed'!
@@Dronescapes Listen at 33.43 and next minute or two you will hear the conventional UK/Aus pronuncuation. Like wise Minister Duncan Sandys is SANDS not Sandease. Might as well get it right if you can as he was a key inner circle member of Churchill's wartime administration. Just for fun, did you hear the story of how TSR2 was dropped on the floor just prior to cancellation. There's no such thing as a secret around factories since the top guys are too lazy and too proud to empty own bins and clean own offices.
Didn't the standoff missile Blue Steel ever figure in all this mess.
British should be rise again
You mispronounced Canberra its pronounced Can-Beh-Rah
wonder how many brown envelopes the yanks were handing out,are there any parts of this affair "D" noticed?
Allegedly someone instigated the destruction of AVRO Canada's highly advanced Arrow project - mach 2 capable (in the late 1950s) including planning, designs, tooling, engines, airframes being destroyed on instruction of Canada's prime minister. It's never been bottomed (the truth) and bankrupt AVRO, making the highly qualified and world leading designers and engineers redundant.
Two questions.
How did Canadian leader John Diefenbaker survive the suicidal action (for his country) of killing one of Canada's most successful companies (and an industry), and putting so many gifted people of work?
Where do you think the workforce went?
Answers on a postcard please.
@@Spartanm333 I imagine it was the same case as the tsr2,in so mutch as the yanks didnt want them to be made as it would hurt there f111 export plans,i wonder how much pressure was put on uk or canadian powers that were to kill these projects and how much money ministers got paid in brown envelopes under the table to ensure it happened?! bastards!!!.
I'll say one thing for the US, they'll always back their own products, by hook or by crook. Hawking around Europe selling a vastly inferior product, which apart from capability and cost, also killed a lot of pilots. I think the German airforce in particular lost many pilots flying the f111. The utter destruction of all TSR-2 prototypes, plans, jigs etc, like the Avro Arrow, show a level of malevolence that can only be caused by greed or fear and outside influence. Labour Governments dis-arm UK forces routinely, so fear is probably ruled out. That takes us back to greed............with allies like that!!......!! I don't think its as bad these days but then, we're not capable of competing now either and we're both worse off because of it.
@@jacksprat9172 You're thinking of the F104 Starfighter - the Germans never operated the F111. Australia was the only other operator of the F111 other than the USAF.
The TSR2 was flawed from the start. Massively overpowered for the role with reheated Olympus turbojets, very high wing loading like the F104, very difficult electronic fit using outdated technology. And eye wateringly expensive. The Buccaneer with the Spey turbofans was the ideal choice and as noted fitted with the MRCA attack suite would have been outstanding.
.. when the British NAVE was forced by the known expansion of the NATA forces. TALK TRUTH.
U.K aircraft capable of giving the Russians a “bucket of Sunshine”😂
Have never ever heard anyone pronounce Canbera like that,😂😂😂😂 you would think after 200 odd years the Americans would have got to grips with the English language but it seems not🤷♂️
Imagine what Otalians think about how most pronounce Michelangelo, and he has been around for many centuries, and Inguess he is more famous than Canberra
Why are Americans incapable of pronouncing "Canberra" correctly?
B/c they pronounce it with an Aussie accent.
Why isn’t anyone able to pronounce Bruschetta, or Michelangelo, beside Italians?
@@Dronescapes Feel free to correct that.
@@dijkbi think it is a lost cause, and Italians live with it fine, perhaps because after hundreds of years they are at peace with it, or perhaps because it really does not matter much to them. there is newspaper article dating back to 1926 debating how to correctly pronounce Canberra...
@@Dronescapes Fair point. Sometimes I think Americans do it on purpose just to mess with us.
The Mustang was nuclear capable. These days a powerful atomic bomb can be built the size of a suitcase, and the Mustang had the range to carry it to Berlin.
Lol what?
By your logic the Wright flyer was nuclear capable:)
@@billpugh58 Silly man! The Wright flyer didnt have the speed or the range or the ceiling, the Mustang did. Woke logic is irrational.
The English can't be trusted to spell words how they should be pronounced... 'Lieutenant' 'Worcester' 'worcestershire' 'garage' 😇
Imagine that Italian had to deal for 6 centuries with names like Michelangelo being butchered. Let’s not get into the food part of things. If people cannot learn how to properly pronounce the name of a pillar of humanity, then perhaps we can be patient for a few more centuries when it comes to names that a greatly more irrelevant
The English language was invented in the UK.. It is not the UK's problem that the rest of the english speaking world, can't spell or pronounce words correctly.
You had communists in your government.
51:50 et seq Wilsons Labour government was never for the productive working people only for party power. British labour was never remotely an effective socialist regime nor effectively patriotic. Britain bankrupted itself on Welfarism. They haven't changed a bit since and now it seems the tories are becoming like them.
They've been like them since Blairism
@@stephenchappell7512 Thanks for that. 👍🏼
31:55 typical yanks
Ugly plane😮
What is? Neither of the 2 in this video, so what are you looking at?
Taranto was 11 November 1940 NOT 1941. When you get such simple things so wrong why would i waste my time watching any further.
Coś co ladnie wygląda, dobrze lata ,TSR 2 ohydnie wygląda w porównaniu do F 111 dlatego przegrał. Ten film to żenada brytyjska i wyplakiwanie się w mankiet.
I disagree- the TSR 2 was a triumph of British engineering skill, looked beautiful and definitely was not an embarrassment.
Britian made nothing but ugly and almost useless cheap looking airplanes tbh
Really? What about the Hawker Hunter? The Avro Vulcan? The Vickers VC-10?
@@well-blazeredman6187 all those planes definitely look stupid and low grades
Harrier jump jet/ Concorde....ugly okay......
What about the English Electric Canberra, English Electric Lightning, Folland Gnat, Gloster Meteor, Hawker Sea Hawk, Handley Page Hastings, and the Hawker Siddeley Hawk? The US also produced the Cutlass, a useless, unsafe pile of garbage.