LIQUID OXYGEN LOX HANDLING, RECEIPT, TRANSFER, STORAGE & DISPOSAL TRAINING FILM 23004
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- Опубліковано 9 лют 2025
- “Liquid Oxygen Receipt Transfer Storage Disposal” is a 1961 US Air Force training film prepared for personnel handling liquid oxygen - a fuel used in liquid-propelled rockets including the Titan I and Titan II ICBMs. The film also discusses the handling of liquid nitrogen. Mark 01:00 takes the viewer to an unidentified USAF base generating plant where the liquid is manufactured into a cryogenic, or low-temperature, material. There are scenes of scientists testing the propellant (mark 01:45) and a propellant disposal area. The film discusses the three major hazards involved in the handling liquid oxygen beginning at mark 02:10, including frostbite, explosive hazards, and the possibility of a pressurized explosion, as well as providing examples as to how to avoid any troubles and protocol should trouble arise. With these basic rules in mind, the film moves on to discuss how the liquid oxygen is received, starting at mark 08:00, whether it be from a generating plant, storage tank, or mobile container. By mark 08:30 the narrator details the necessary steps in the transfer procedure, as each move is re-enacted on the screen. This includes proper grounding of a transporter, verification of a safety check list, proper cleaning of instruments, and purging of the transfer hose. Transfer of liquid oxygen into an operational storage tank at a launch site is shown at mark 11:00 followed by an illustration of a liquid oxygen storage tank, beginning at mark 11:25. Once a transfer is complete (mark 13:40), the film touches on how the propellant is undergoes regular quality control samplings, with the process revealed on the screen. Liquid oxygen that does not meet specification is disposed of in a process shown starting at mark 17:35.
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You always, always pay attention to which way the wind direction is. You do not want pure oxygen blowing back onto your vehicle or yourselves while handling LOX. Three vehicles were destroyed and several personnel were hurt at the Cape while near by a burnoff pond while dump procedures were underway. The atmospheric conditions caused the cloud of LOX to hug low to the ground, imitating water fog. The vehicles were bathed in the pure oxygen fog. So when the occupants got into the vehicles and turned the ignition, they heard a loud POP and flames started shooting from under the hood. They vacated while their vehicles were rapidly consumed in a oxygen fed fire.
When and where did this happen on the cape? Was it on KSC or the space force base?
@@jimc12 KSC, during the Moonport missions.
@@jimc12 A strange accident punctuated the last day of the test. Early on 25
March, Graydon Corn's propellants crew started the chill-down of the LOX
pumping system. The operation required a 760-liter-per-minute flow to the
replenishing pumps (which could handle five times that rate) and a lesser
amount through a bleed line that had been added to the LOX system after
the 500-F spill in August 1966 (pp. 343-44). During the 40 minutes of pre-
cooling, the launch team emptied 39000 liters of LOX into a drainage ditch
outside the perimeter fence. Normally ocean breezes dissipated the oxygen
fog. On the morning of the 25th, however, there was no wind and a pro-
nounced temperature inversion. A dense fog built up in the drainage ditch; at
a culvert where the road to the slide wire bunker crossed the ditch, the invisi-
486 MOONPORT
ble oxygen overflowed onto the bank. At 6:00 a.m. the closeout crew and
safety personnel left the LOX storage area. First-stage loading could begin
after a three-minute chill-down of the 38 OOO-liter -per-minute main pumps. A
security team completed its job of clearing the pad area and proceeded in
three cars to the perimeter gate southwest of the LOX sphere. The driver of
the first car, Patrolman Nolan Watson, drove through the gate and parked.
As he walked back to Earl Paige's car, an order over the radio directed the
team to clear the slide wire bunker area. Paige turned his ignition on and
heard a loud pop. Soon flames sprang up from beneath the hood. Watson
ran back to his car, only to find it also on fire. About the same time, the third
car burst into flames. The three guards quickly ran for cover. A fire and res-
cue crew arrived in five minutes but took no action until the oxygen cloud
dissipated. It was nearly 7:00 a.m . before the fire was under control, leaving
three burnt hulks and a shaken crew.
Debus called for an immediate investigation. The preliminary report,
rendered a week later, blamed the accident on the enriched oxygen atmos-
phere. Spontaneous ignition resulting from the engine heat, combustibles (oil
and grease on the engine covers and gas around the carburetors) and the oxy-
gen vapor cloud caused two of the fires, the third apparently starting when
the driver turned the ignition switch. The report criticized the practice of
dumping large quantities of cryogenics and termed the resulting vapor a
hazard. Recommendations included immediate studies of the drainage
system l ~ ading from the LOX storage area and its dump reservoir, of entry
and exit routes at pad 39 A, and of KSC's safety training course. The major
change brought about by the accident was to extend the LOX drainage pipes
beyond the perimeter ditch to a marshy area farther from the pad . 2
@@jimc12 ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19790003956/downloads/19790003956.pdf
@Nighthawke70 pad 39A, thanks. I work with LOX and LN2 on that pad, as well as 40 and 41. I didn't know this happened.
LOX was the best hangover cure ever, standing in a LOX charging bay early in the morning after the night before was a case of going in totally hanging and after an hour filling LOX pots for aircraft came out without a hint of the mother of all hangovers, best feeling ever. Standing in the middle of the LOX production plant in the Saudi Arabia desert in 40+ degree C heat basically bathing in the gaseous boil off from the plant was a weekly trip from the flight line that we used to fight over, better than any air conditioning system ever, same for the Liquid N2, except you had to be careful not to suffocate, those were the days. 😀👍🇬🇧🏴
Thats becouse you were oxidizing the alcohol at molecular level in water rich environment. Your body. You were creating molecule sized fires by trilions in your blood stream, lungs, brain, and other tissues. Lord knows the damage you caused.
azbestos gloves?
As far as safety equipment, asbestos gloves seem like a very good choice. Its insulating properties and flame resistance makes it a good choice for this application. Just don't sniff the glove.
We were provided with that type of glove but found the heavy duty firemen’s gloves better, totally against SOPs but once you have worked with liquid O2 and N2 you do become a little overconfident in its handling, silly, but a reality.
4:17 Is human feces also vulnerable to this aspect of LOX?
7:15 It's organic, why be an moron about it?
Asbestos gloves? Really now?
Maybe my LoX-on-a-stick venture isn’t such a good idea...