FYI, zinc bromide is a very interesting salt. You can make it via double displacement with zinc sulfate and sodium bromide. The zinc bromide is so ridiculously soluble, you can make a syrup out of it that won’t tolerate any other salt being dissolved. All the sodium sulfate will crash out upon cooling, leaving nearly pure zinc bromide. The resulting zinc bromide solution is dangerously osmotic, and will burn skin. It weighs I think 16lbs per gallon. Plus, when electrolyzed, the zinc will deposit on the cathode, so you don’t have to worry about bromate production. Cheers!
Not at these concentrations and temperatures. If you heat the mixture, or you pour concentrated sulfuric acid directly onto the bromide salt, then this is definitely a possibility.
Acidic conditions mean that MMO won't survive the reaction for long. Additionally, the bromine (and the acid) will attack the titanium substrate if any tiny amounts are exposed.
Nice video. why don't just store all the red bromine solution and bromine (pure) into a glass bottle and take the bromine when you need it? I guess the bromine is more stable with the water solution.
I'm not sure whether the actual lead dioxide on the electrodes would hold up properly or not. Either way, all standard substrates which are normally used for lead dioxide (titanium, graphite, lead metal) will definitely not withstand bromide electrolysis conditions and quickly disintegrate or dissolve instead of acting as a valve metal. I'd also be concerned about lead contamination in the waste so I wouldn't risk trying it even if it did work. Graphite and pure platinum are the only real viable choices in my opinion.
Oh yea this makes sense I liked using graphite as an anode from batteries but now I don't because I'm scared there's thallium or cadmium in the battery so I use pencil graphite Any other graphite source you know?
You can use 'gouging rods' or 'gouging carbons', which are available at most welding supply stores. They're pretty high quality graphite rods and work very well (in fact, that's what I've used here), though they come coated in copper which you'll have to sand or dissolve off the surface before use.
I tought to indirectly oxidize the bromide to bromine by bubling chlorine in the solution. This chlorine can be produced electrochemically with an PbO2 anode in a NaCl solution with diaphragm and it doesn't need the use of an acid.
Hi mate there is a supplier in qld that supports hobby chemistry where you can obtain sulphuric acid. Let me know if you want the contact details. Also, if I were to use 97% sulphuric acid in the place of the 56g sodium metabisulphate what volume (or weight} will be needed? Thanks in advance.
I think I'm all good as far as sulfuric acid goes, I haven't actually found myself needing the concentrated stuff for anything yet, thanks though, I'll definitely consider it if I need some in the future. And the equivalent of 56g of NaHSO4 should be approximately 25g of your sulfuric acid (though you might want a slight excess on top of that).
İ live in tunisia , and its really hard to obtain beakers and chemicals , especially for under eighteen (16 yo) and paypal is prohibited by law.. But my mother do have a paypal and buys things over the internet but the problem is if i buy like beakers and chemicals over the internet i dont think the post will really be okay with just handing them over . 😢😢
@@BackYardScience2000 i think its to preserve the worth of tunisian dinars , or maybe to limit buying cheap stuff and instead buy them from tunisia , to preserve the tunisian economy
Yea man that sucks I live in algeria xD And I have the same problem I ordred some erlens and its been 2 months and i didnt get them The costumes wont let it go
You can make your own distillation set using glass cups as beakers, bottles as flasks, light bulb with the end snapped off as boiling flask, vinyl tubing and a gas stove. For electrolysis, use phone charger. Many chemicals are in houshold items. Sodium hydroxide in drain cleaner. Calcium carbonate in chalk. Manganese dioxide, zinc metal, and carbon rod in Carbon zinc/alkaline/heavy duty batteries. More info can be found by google ing a product's safety datasheet.
That would not be synthesis, but isolation. Chemical elements can be synthesized in nuclear reactors. In chemical reactions they are isolated from compounds. Nice work, by the way.
Thanks! Does your definition of synthesis only include methods involving nuclear reactions? The word can be used to refer to chemical reactions too. Take the title of this paper, for instance: doi.org/10.1021/ic00241a001
Doing this with a diaphragm is something I'll probably try in the future (because you're totally correct on the fact that the efficiency of the process would be much greater). However, introducing a diaphragm would slow down the reaction immensely (due to hindering of the current flow), so I decided against it for this video in the interest of time. I'm also not sure whether or not my clay pots would actually hold up to bromine. If you do want to see bromine being made by diaphragm electrolysis, there's this video by Aussie Chemist: ua-cam.com/video/aA62w6QhbdM/v-deo.html
@@ScrapScience Thanks. I suggest putting the cathode in a pot instead of the anode. Also, put a smaller inert container under the anode to collect bromine easier and prevent bromine from going near/under the pot.
Increase the voltage?? Increasing the current(amps) increases the wattage but not voltage. Good job on producing bromine and getting some ads on your videos.
Sorry, I should have been more specific in the video. Over any standard load of relatively constant resistance (like the electrolytic cell), changing the current from a constant current power supply must create a proportional change in voltage, and vice versa, as V=IR is always true. Increasing the voltage or current in my particular setup increases both values anyway.
@@EdwardTriesToScience Use brand new bottles not direct from a car battery And throw in some hydrogen pyroxide to purify any organic stuff I got like a liter of 90% from 3 bottles 30% Crystal clear
Koukou Zee, So you are talking about H2SO4 drain cleaner, but using that trick doesn't get concentrated 98%, but my hotplate gets to the boiling point of sulfuric acid so I can easily distill it to 98%, though the fumes are charring the rubber stoppers in the distillation set, because I still use stoppers and glass pipes, instead of ground glass. Also by using a car battery, I can get infinite 35% sulfuric acid by topping up the battery with magnesium sulfate solution and charging it. Then I distill it.
Congrats on being monatized! Knew you'd get there
Way under rated channel, keep up the great videos!!
Nice man. Bromine is a lot of fun to play with...I mean, work very professionally with.
FYI, zinc bromide is a very interesting salt. You can make it via double displacement with zinc sulfate and sodium bromide. The zinc bromide is so ridiculously soluble, you can make a syrup out of it that won’t tolerate any other salt being dissolved. All the sodium sulfate will crash out upon cooling, leaving nearly pure zinc bromide. The resulting zinc bromide solution is dangerously osmotic, and will burn skin. It weighs I think 16lbs per gallon. Plus, when electrolyzed, the zinc will deposit on the cathode, so you don’t have to worry about bromate production. Cheers!
Nice to see your video is monetized
Cool synthesis mate may give that a go sometime must just find a way to store it securely before I make it.
Lion Cub, Try bromine water instead it is much safer, because it's dissolved in water so it can't really fume.
Will there be any side reactions like HBr gas formation when used H2SO4?
Not at these concentrations and temperatures. If you heat the mixture, or you pour concentrated sulfuric acid directly onto the bromide salt, then this is definitely a possibility.
Could you have run it at 2amps the whole time?
I cannot believe that worked. Good job!
Planning to make azides ?
hi, is borax produced from sea water, I would appreciate it if you could prepare a video about it.I couldn't find enough resources
Nope, borax is mined, not extracted from seawater.
Does potassium bromide work in this process?
Yep, it sure does
@@ScrapScience Thanks for the quick response. I'll try that out this week, still have 1 kg of potassium bromide.
Will an mmo anode work as an electrode?
Acidic conditions mean that MMO won't survive the reaction for long. Additionally, the bromine (and the acid) will attack the titanium substrate if any tiny amounts are exposed.
Nice video. why don't just store all the red bromine solution and bromine (pure) into a glass bottle and take the bromine when you need it? I guess the bromine is more stable with the water solution.
Great video
Are you going into inorganic chemistry?
How to make sodium biasulphate
what about lead dioxide electrodes?
I'm not sure whether the actual lead dioxide on the electrodes would hold up properly or not. Either way, all standard substrates which are normally used for lead dioxide (titanium, graphite, lead metal) will definitely not withstand bromide electrolysis conditions and quickly disintegrate or dissolve instead of acting as a valve metal. I'd also be concerned about lead contamination in the waste so I wouldn't risk trying it even if it did work.
Graphite and pure platinum are the only real viable choices in my opinion.
Oh yea this makes sense
I liked using graphite as an anode from batteries but now I don't because I'm scared there's thallium or cadmium in the battery so I use pencil graphite
Any other graphite source you know?
You can use 'gouging rods' or 'gouging carbons', which are available at most welding supply stores. They're pretty high quality graphite rods and work very well (in fact, that's what I've used here), though they come coated in copper which you'll have to sand or dissolve off the surface before use.
I tought to indirectly oxidize the bromide to bromine by bubling chlorine in the solution. This chlorine can be produced electrochemically with an PbO2 anode in a NaCl solution with diaphragm and it doesn't need the use of an acid.
Hi mate there is a supplier in qld that supports hobby chemistry where you can obtain sulphuric acid. Let me know if you want the contact details. Also, if I were to use 97% sulphuric acid in the place of the 56g sodium metabisulphate what volume (or weight} will be needed? Thanks in advance.
I think I'm all good as far as sulfuric acid goes, I haven't actually found myself needing the concentrated stuff for anything yet, thanks though, I'll definitely consider it if I need some in the future. And the equivalent of 56g of NaHSO4 should be approximately 25g of your sulfuric acid (though you might want a slight excess on top of that).
I guess you can just oxidize the sodium bromide solution with hydrogen pyroxide no?
Koukou Zee, Not how science works.
İ live in tunisia , and its really hard to obtain beakers and chemicals , especially for under eighteen (16 yo) and paypal is prohibited by law.. But my mother do have a paypal and buys things over the internet but the problem is if i buy like beakers and chemicals over the internet i dont think the post will really be okay with just handing them over . 😢😢
PayPal is prohibited? Wow! That's crazy! Why is it prohibited?
@@BackYardScience2000 i think its to preserve the worth of tunisian dinars , or maybe to limit buying cheap stuff and instead buy them from tunisia , to preserve the tunisian economy
@@amir_husseyn7712 ah ok. Thanks for answering. That sucks though because when buying some stuff online, occasionally the seller only takes PayPal.
Yea man that sucks
I live in algeria xD
And I have the same problem
I ordred some erlens and its been 2 months and i didnt get them
The costumes wont let it go
You can make your own distillation set using glass cups as beakers, bottles as flasks, light bulb with the end snapped off as boiling flask, vinyl tubing and a gas stove. For electrolysis, use phone charger. Many chemicals are in houshold items. Sodium hydroxide in drain cleaner. Calcium carbonate in chalk. Manganese dioxide, zinc metal, and carbon rod in Carbon zinc/alkaline/heavy duty batteries. More info can be found by google ing a product's safety datasheet.
Nice work there friend!👍
That would not be synthesis, but isolation. Chemical elements can be synthesized in nuclear reactors. In chemical reactions they are isolated from compounds.
Nice work, by the way.
Thanks!
Does your definition of synthesis only include methods involving nuclear reactions? The word can be used to refer to chemical reactions too. Take the title of this paper, for instance: doi.org/10.1021/ic00241a001
Why just not separate the cathode and anode a little bit to save the pain.
Are you talking about separating the electrodes with some kind of diaphragm, or just separating the electrodes by distance?
@@ScrapScience the diaphragm, like what you did using flower pots
Doing this with a diaphragm is something I'll probably try in the future (because you're totally correct on the fact that the efficiency of the process would be much greater).
However, introducing a diaphragm would slow down the reaction immensely (due to hindering of the current flow), so I decided against it for this video in the interest of time. I'm also not sure whether or not my clay pots would actually hold up to bromine.
If you do want to see bromine being made by diaphragm electrolysis, there's this video by Aussie Chemist: ua-cam.com/video/aA62w6QhbdM/v-deo.html
@@ScrapScience Thanks.
I suggest putting the cathode in a pot instead of the anode. Also, put a smaller inert container under the anode to collect bromine easier and prevent bromine from going near/under the pot.
Wonderful info
Glad it was helpful!
Neat yeah graphite electrolysis of sodium bromide to make bromine is cool.
Glad you enjoyed! This was definitely one of my favourite experiments on the channel.
Yaaay a new vid
Increase the voltage?? Increasing the current(amps) increases the wattage but not voltage. Good job on producing bromine and getting some ads on your videos.
Sorry, I should have been more specific in the video. Over any standard load of relatively constant resistance (like the electrolytic cell), changing the current from a constant current power supply must create a proportional change in voltage, and vice versa, as V=IR is always true. Increasing the voltage or current in my particular setup increases both values anyway.
@@ScrapScience ah ok I see.
You can get sulfuric acid 37% from car batteries thingy
And just boil the water
Koukou Zee, that's not how chemistry works, I've done that and it ends up yellow, most likely lead sulfate. It also is not easy.
@@EdwardTriesToScience
Use brand new bottles not direct from a car battery
And throw in some hydrogen pyroxide to purify any organic stuff
I got like a liter of 90% from 3 bottles 30%
Crystal clear
Koukou Zee, So you are talking about H2SO4 drain cleaner, but using that trick doesn't get concentrated 98%, but my hotplate gets to the boiling point of sulfuric acid so I can easily distill it to 98%, though the fumes are charring the rubber stoppers in the distillation set, because I still use stoppers and glass pipes, instead of ground glass.
Also by using a car battery, I can get infinite 35% sulfuric acid by topping up the battery with magnesium sulfate solution and charging it. Then I distill it.
codyslab in small is this channel