Was their metal 2000 years ago? Bronze was available not iron. Hindus had awesome doors made of sandlewood for this reason. Bronze doors not used but gild decor was used.
@@king_has_no_clothskul8635 Yes there was metal actually 3,200 years ago, 1,200 BC, this building was built 160 AD, or 1,360 yeas after the Iron age. The Bronze age was 5,000 years ago or 3,000 BC, Bronze age collapse was 1,200 BC.
The ceiling of the portico of Pantheon was once filled with gold gilded bronze cassettes. They were taken down and melted to build Bernini’s huge bonze canopy in St. Peter’s basilica.
The previous temple was a totally different building, but on the same site. Hadrian wanted to honor Marcus Agrippa. The first temple was smaller and did not have a dome. Everything is rebuilt from scratch, even the incredibly deep foundations under the ground which together with the load bearing arches (in both directions) inside the wallls sending the pressure down under ground, and the dome’s engineering has helped the Pantheon survive many earthquakes.
@@richardsmith2879 yeah you're right, no one knows what it looked like before, only that it went by the same name. You would assume it was a similar structure
Unfortunately the original gilt- bronze tiles were removed in the seventh century, by an eastern roman emperor, Constans, who stripped the decaying city of much treasure and took it to Syracuse, possibly intending to ship it to Constantinople. It then fell into into the hands of Saracens and was taken to Alexandria.
You forgot to mention that they added coffers to lighten the structure. It is not only because of the light stones. Without coffers, this dome would not be possible.
I want to go on my birthday 4/21. They made it so on 4/21 near noon the sunlight was supposed to cast from the hole at the top and shine on the door. Gave the illusion that Hadrian had control of the sun....or at least knew what it was and how to use it for power
I have lived in Rome for short periods of studies, but never managed to be at the Pantheon on that day. It is in honor of the mythical founding day of Rome by Romulus and Remus that it is built to hit with the sun at noon that way the 21st April. Hadrian used the best engineers and mathematicians of the empire for the Pantheon, including from Egypt and Greece.
The center is a psychedelic experience if you close your eyes. It represents the sun, solis, which is the source of life and is by definition spiritual
We visited the Pantheon last year, it is awe inspiring and beautiful. I posted some 360 degree short video clips in my YT channel of the Pantheon which in a small way shows off the brilliance of this monumental ancient marvel! Thanks for posting.
The dome of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul would make a good subject, too ( Constantinople 537 A D Justinian. The church of the Empire of Rome in the East. since until the 1490s.)
Absolutely amazing that this building escaped the Catholic churches plundering of ancient Romes other structure although they removed all the brass supporting the entry covering roof to be used for the construction of St Peter's.
It’s because of that guy, I forgot his name sorry, who made Pantheon into a consecrated church so early on. Something the Colosseum (the Flavian Amphitheater) wasn’t until much later and hence got used as a quarry for a long time.
@@randomrazr It became a Church. The most intact ancient Roman buildings in Rome tend to be ones the Church converted to Churches or other religious purposes.
That dome is only like over 30 meters in diameter. The pantheon is ~ 43 meters, while the church in Florence is between 42 and 45 meters in diameter(the dome is not spherical, its octagonal, so its diameter varies from where you measure it.)
The dome at Hagia Sofia is made of masonry (brick laying) while the Pantheon's is made of non reinforced concrete. It was a huge achievement. Even today, with all advances in chemistry and material science no engineer or architect would dare to build a concrete dome without reiforcement.
@t This is a great detailed article of the construction of the Pantheon. From Dr. Stephen T. Muench (by student Alec Harrison) / 12.14.2015 Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington
The Hagia Sophia has a smaller dome, but it is higher up than the pantheon. Hagia Sophia- 55 meters off the ground Pantheon- 43.3 meters off the ground They're both amazing buildings. Also, the Hagia Sophia's dome is not directly supported like the Pantheon. It's "floating." It also has windows around the base of the dome. It's a real marvel. It was the largest Cathedral (Basilica?) in the world until 1507.
@Charlie O'Hearn Well, I could start with the origin of life itself, but let's jump off to the origin of the Ancient egyptian and Ancient nubian civilizations. 4800 BC A stone circle located in the Nabta Playa basin may be one of the world's oldest known archeoastronomical devices. Built by the ancient Nubians about 4800 BCE, the device may have approximately marked the summer solstice. I'm not going to put Ancient Egypt (or Kemet) in this just because, technically, it was not in SSA. Even though it was still an african civilization. The earliest style of Nubian architecture included the speos, structures carved out of solid rock, an A-Group (3700-3250 BCE) achievement. Egyptians made extensive use of the process at Speos Artemidos and Abu Simbel. Sudan, site of ancient Nubia, has more pyramids than anywhere in the world, even more than Egypt, a total of 223 pyramids exist. The Kingdom of Kush, The ancient kingdorm of Punt. At the time of Rome, the Romans, traded with the Kingdom of Axum, that was preceded by D'mt. In the middle of Africa, the Sao civilization, flourished from ca. the sixth century BC to as late as the sixteenth century AD. But the real question is: what was hapenning in Europe outside of the border of the Empire at this time. Lmao.
What was happening in Northern Europe about this time? Eastern Europe? Central Europe? The Balkans? What was happening in the Korean Peninsula? Indochina? Japan? Central Asia? The Malay Archipelago? What was happening in North America? Polynesia? The Arctic? See? I can name places that were less advanced than 2nd century Rome, too. *In fact, many of these places I just listed were even LESS advanced than Sub-Saharan Africa. At least by the 2nd century, Sub-Saharan Africans had already reached the Iron Age, developed the wheel, invented a true writing system, erected stone pyramids and obelisks, engineered astronomical megaliths (Nabta Playa), and carved buildings **_straight into the side of a cliff_** (speos built by the Nubians, for instance).* *The same can NOT be said about any of the other places I listed. By the 2nd century, they had NOT achieved ALL of these feats and abilities SIMULTANEOUSLY, as Sub-Saharan Africans had.* *Unlike Sub-Saharan Africans, 2nd century Northern Europeans had NOT developed a TRUE writing system (rudimentary symbols don't qualify anymore than emojis do). They had NOT left any noteworthy monuments such as stone obelisks and rock-cut architecture. Unlike Sub-Saharan Africans, the Japanese had NOT developed a writing system, discovered the wheel, nor engineered any complex astronomical devices. Neither had the Koreans, nor the Indochinese, nor the tribal nomads of Central Asia, nor the Inuit of the Arctic.* *There were plenty of other places around the world in the 2nd century that were more primitive than Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet you chose to single out Sub-Saharan Africa as the target of your scrutiny for being less developed than Rome.* ROME. Of ALL places. And your tone was clearly barbed and condescending. Gee, I wonder why? It couldn't have had anything to do with implications of racial inferiority, could it? I mean, that's _literally_ the definition of racism. You're not racist, are you?
@@a-dutch-z7351 Regardless of demographic changes over time, the ancient Ethiopians and Sudanese were still black (Nubians, Aksumites, etc). I don't think that's a particularly controversial or Afrocentric statement. Egyptians are a different story. I do correct my point about Nabta Playa as it now seems it was probably built by non-Nubians. In any case, the point is that no matter what society or civilization you mention by the time of the Roman Empire, they were less advanced than the Roman Empire because EVERYONE was less advanced than the Roman Empire. It's unfair to single out Sub-Saharan Africa as if they were somehow exceptional in lagging behind the Roman Empire when, in fact, Sub-Saharan Africa was (and had already been) home to some relatively advanced civilizations by that point. For instance, Kush was still in power while Aksum was considered one of the major four civilizations in the world along with Rome, Persia, and China. Meanwhile, virtually 100% of East Asia outside of China still hadn't developed the wheel or a writing system, including Japan, Korea, Indochina, the steppe nomads etc, while Western/Central Europe and Scandinavia had only JUST begun to develop writing (well, some did. Most still hadn't) and didn't have any real cities or infrastructures to speak of besides simple village settlements. These places were technically Iess "civiI-ized" than Rome and parts Sub-Saharan Africa and only really began to develop in the Middle ages, but no one ever mentions them in an attempt disparage white/Asian people. But that's EXACTLY what people do when they talk about Sub-Saharan Africa -- ignore all the developed civilizations and highlight only the undeveloped ones in an attempt to make them look less advanced than they actually were. It's unfair, disingenuous, and reeks of literal racial discrimination.
As a Metalworker those entry doors are a marvel of of metalwork , absolutely staggering of Romes technological brilliance .
Was their metal 2000 years ago? Bronze was available not iron. Hindus had awesome doors made of sandlewood for this reason. Bronze doors not used but gild decor was used.
@@king_has_no_clothskul8635 Yes there was metal actually 3,200 years ago, 1,200 BC, this building was built 160 AD, or 1,360 yeas after the Iron age. The Bronze age was 5,000 years ago or 3,000 BC, Bronze age collapse was 1,200 BC.
The ceiling of the portico of Pantheon was once filled with gold gilded bronze cassettes. They were taken down and melted to build Bernini’s huge bonze canopy in St. Peter’s basilica.
4:26 Sorry, I cannot spot the difference with those links hindering my view.
Exactly what I was thinking. Damn consumer's-society-evil-spiral ;)
same
any way to remove them?
And is still standing and monumentally beautiful. Visited last year.
This design looks off this world, like machine carved it from inside
Actually Hadrian rebuilt the pantheon, it was originally built under Augustus by Marcus Agrippa. It says it right on the front of the building.
The previous temple was a totally different building, but on the same site. Hadrian wanted to honor Marcus Agrippa. The first temple was smaller and did not have a dome. Everything is rebuilt from scratch, even the incredibly deep foundations under the ground which together with the load bearing arches (in both directions) inside the wallls sending the pressure down under ground, and the dome’s engineering has helped the Pantheon survive many earthquakes.
Every time I hear this narrator I get a little skeptic lol
THE PANTHEON 🏛️ IS MY FAVORITE BUILDING. 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
that is an amazing place to see in person. highly recommend it.
Only 1.4k views?
Only 2 comments?
What.. am I missing something, this looks to be a great channel
Debangsu Sarkar i know right, the clickbate and bad top 10 channels get tons of views but naked science a professional channel also on tv. 1k views!!!
Eksnoverse The sad reality! To get more views crater to the average people
Pity there were no close up views of the dome interior or exterior
My favorite interior space in the world!
I think originally the design was commissioned by Agrippa under Augustus, way before Hadrian. It just burnt down twice and was rebuilt.
Correct the second time it was rebuilt by domitian bu a fire burn it down again, so Hadrian rebuilt it a third time
But, it wasn’t rebuilt to the original,design, that’s the point.
@@richardsmith2879 yeah you're right, no one knows what it looked like before, only that it went by the same name. You would assume it was a similar structure
@@benedict6897No it is assumed by scholars that it was a classically shaped roman temple, not with a dome. And smaller.
Unfortunately the original gilt- bronze tiles were removed in the seventh century, by an eastern roman emperor, Constans, who stripped the decaying city of much treasure and took it to Syracuse, possibly intending to ship it to Constantinople. It then fell into into the hands of Saracens and was taken to Alexandria.
No Pantheons bronze from the portico was taken down and melted to build Bernini’s canopy in St. Peter.
You forgot to mention that they added coffers to lighten the structure. It is not only because of the light stones. Without coffers, this dome would not be possible.
I want to go on my birthday 4/21. They made it so on 4/21 near noon the sunlight was supposed to cast from the hole at the top and shine on the door. Gave the illusion that Hadrian had control of the sun....or at least knew what it was and how to use it for power
I hope that the corona virus restrictions don't hinder your plans
I have lived in Rome for short periods of studies, but never managed to be at the Pantheon on that day. It is in honor of the mythical founding day of Rome by Romulus and Remus that it is built to hit with the sun at noon that way the 21st April. Hadrian used the best engineers and mathematicians of the empire for the Pantheon, including from Egypt and Greece.
Beautiful portrait of a world treasure, with interesting technical analysis. Thank you.
The center is a psychedelic experience if you close your eyes. It represents the sun, solis, which is the source of life and is by definition spiritual
We visited the Pantheon last year, it is awe inspiring and beautiful.
I posted some 360 degree short video clips in my YT channel of the Pantheon which in a small way shows off the brilliance of this monumental ancient marvel!
Thanks for posting.
Love this segment as all video's on this chanel! tnk you lots
Not until the cathedral in Florence??? What about the huge dome on Hagia Sophia in Constantinople?
3:29 Don't rainwater and snow enter the building from the oculus? Or is the weather dry all year there?
It rains, but there are holes for water on the ground.
@@FrancescoBarberoIT I have had to explain this several times inside it to others. 😅The floor also curves towards the walls and the drain holes.
How come you didn't mention the optical tweezers used in this & Coliseum..?
But what about all those layers of squares. Mind blowing
The dome of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul would make a good subject, too ( Constantinople 537 A D Justinian. The church of the Empire of Rome in the East. since until the 1490s.)
He was built by Syrian Roman Apollodorus of Damascus 🇸🇾🇮🇹
Absolutely amazing that this building escaped the Catholic churches plundering of ancient Romes other structure although they removed all the brass supporting the entry covering roof to be used for the construction of St Peter's.
Did they loot that for Cannon? Or profit?
It’s because of that guy, I forgot his name sorry, who made Pantheon into a consecrated church so early on. Something the Colosseum (the Flavian Amphitheater) wasn’t until much later and hence got used as a quarry for a long time.
All these types of buildings worldwide are a mystery of who built
Hands down the best of Italian
The floor is the original one
So is the dome. This thing is in amazing condition.
@@GoyFromFinland how did this survive the dark ages
@@randomrazr It became a Church. The most intact ancient Roman buildings in Rome tend to be ones the Church converted to Churches or other religious purposes.
@@gamelot12093 maks u wonder what other magnificant buildings the romans could have built if the empire didnt fall
@@randomrazr Im so sad about that
amazing
Great
What about Haifa Sophia in Constantinople. That was build before the building in Florence
That dome is only like over 30 meters in diameter. The pantheon is ~ 43 meters, while the church in Florence is between 42 and 45 meters in diameter(the dome is not spherical, its octagonal, so its diameter varies from where you measure it.)
The dome in the Hagia Sofia is indeed smaller, but it is higher up.
The dome at Hagia Sofia is made of masonry (brick laying) while the Pantheon's is made of non reinforced concrete. It was a huge achievement. Even today, with all advances in chemistry and material science no engineer or architect would dare to build a concrete dome without reiforcement.
Makes me think of Dalis "Raphaelesque Head Exploding"
Sweet i love
Apollodus of Damascus 🇸🇾🐦🔥
Hey guys it’s me Damo
Hi Damo!!
Surfs Up hi surfs up
Noob
I saw National Geographic's video on Filippo Brunelleschi's dome before I found this video.
@t This is a great detailed article of the construction of the Pantheon. From Dr. Stephen T. Muench (by student Alec Harrison) / 12.14.2015
Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Washington
Why the horrible background music?
NO ONE NOT A SINGLE SOUL NOT EVEN GOD.Me a bunny owner: sees they used lava rock for the roof me: “MY BUNNY CAN EAT THE ROOF”
All the prophets throughout history said, " there's only one God"
You think they would have just closed the top with glass
An architect is a fool get an engineer to comment 😀😃😄
its an observatory for aliens. No!
👌
this is so wrong lol.. the pantheon was created to satisty divintion of roman emperors.. not the gods
A pantheon is a collection of God's. Which is what the emperor's believed in at the time. More than one god.
Imagine it all white. Infinity dome
The Pantheon -- Underthe Dome? Succes ermee, Categorie Mensen én Blogs! Licentie Standaard! UA-cam--Licentie!
looks like made by alien
No one worship...i am a pagan.
Jupiter!!
How sad
Roman Empire rule the world
👀
Not to be the acthzualy guy, but it wasn't the Duomo the one that surpassed it; it was Hagia Sophia.
Wrong. The hagia Sophia's dome has its width in the 30s of meters, while the Duomo has a dome which is like 44 or 45 meters max in diameter.
The Hagia Sophia has a smaller dome, but it is higher up than the pantheon.
Hagia Sophia- 55 meters off the ground
Pantheon- 43.3 meters off the ground
They're both amazing buildings. Also, the Hagia Sophia's dome is not directly supported like the Pantheon. It's "floating." It also has windows around the base of the dome. It's a real marvel. It was the largest Cathedral (Basilica?) in the world until 1507.
And what was happening in Sub-Saharan Africa about this time?
@Charlie O'Hearn Well, I could start with the origin of life itself, but let's jump off to the origin of the Ancient egyptian and Ancient nubian civilizations.
4800 BC A stone circle located in the Nabta Playa basin may be one of the world's oldest known archeoastronomical devices. Built by the ancient Nubians about 4800 BCE, the device may have approximately marked the summer solstice.
I'm not going to put Ancient Egypt (or Kemet) in this just because, technically, it was not in SSA. Even though it was still an african civilization.
The earliest style of Nubian architecture included the speos, structures carved out of solid rock, an A-Group (3700-3250 BCE) achievement. Egyptians made extensive use of the process at Speos Artemidos and Abu Simbel.
Sudan, site of ancient Nubia, has more pyramids than anywhere in the world, even more than Egypt, a total of 223 pyramids exist.
The Kingdom of Kush, The ancient kingdorm of Punt. At the time of Rome, the Romans, traded with the Kingdom of Axum, that was preceded by D'mt.
In the middle of Africa, the Sao civilization, flourished from ca. the sixth century BC to as late as the sixteenth century AD.
But the real question is: what was hapenning in Europe outside of the border of the Empire at this time. Lmao.
What was happening in Northern Europe about this time? Eastern Europe? Central Europe? The Balkans?
What was happening in the Korean Peninsula? Indochina? Japan? Central Asia? The Malay Archipelago?
What was happening in North America? Polynesia? The Arctic?
See? I can name places that were less advanced than 2nd century Rome, too.
*In fact, many of these places I just listed were even LESS advanced than Sub-Saharan Africa. At least by the 2nd century, Sub-Saharan Africans had already reached the Iron Age, developed the wheel, invented a true writing system, erected stone pyramids and obelisks, engineered astronomical megaliths (Nabta Playa), and carved buildings **_straight into the side of a cliff_** (speos built by the Nubians, for instance).*
*The same can NOT be said about any of the other places I listed. By the 2nd century, they had NOT achieved ALL of these feats and abilities SIMULTANEOUSLY, as Sub-Saharan Africans had.*
*Unlike Sub-Saharan Africans, 2nd century Northern Europeans had NOT developed a TRUE writing system (rudimentary symbols don't qualify anymore than emojis do). They had NOT left any noteworthy monuments such as stone obelisks and rock-cut architecture. Unlike Sub-Saharan Africans, the Japanese had NOT developed a writing system, discovered the wheel, nor engineered any complex astronomical devices. Neither had the Koreans, nor the Indochinese, nor the tribal nomads of Central Asia, nor the Inuit of the Arctic.*
*There were plenty of other places around the world in the 2nd century that were more primitive than Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet you chose to single out Sub-Saharan Africa as the target of your scrutiny for being less developed than Rome.*
ROME. Of ALL places.
And your tone was clearly barbed and condescending. Gee, I wonder why? It couldn't have had anything to do with implications of racial inferiority, could it? I mean, that's _literally_ the definition of racism.
You're not racist, are you?
Don't be a dick, Charlie
@@bluebird5173 Stonehenge? Ethiopia was very advanced but the Ethiopians then were not the Ethiopians of today. Egyptians likewise.
@@a-dutch-z7351 Regardless of demographic changes over time, the ancient Ethiopians and Sudanese were still black (Nubians, Aksumites, etc). I don't think that's a particularly controversial or Afrocentric statement.
Egyptians are a different story. I do correct my point about Nabta Playa as it now seems it was probably built by non-Nubians.
In any case, the point is that no matter what society or civilization you mention by the time of the Roman Empire, they were less advanced than the Roman Empire because EVERYONE was less advanced than the Roman Empire. It's unfair to single out Sub-Saharan Africa as if they were somehow exceptional in lagging behind the Roman Empire when, in fact, Sub-Saharan Africa was (and had already been) home to some relatively advanced civilizations by that point. For instance, Kush was still in power while Aksum was considered one of the major four civilizations in the world along with Rome, Persia, and China.
Meanwhile, virtually 100% of East Asia outside of China still hadn't developed the wheel or a writing system, including Japan, Korea, Indochina, the steppe nomads etc, while Western/Central Europe and Scandinavia had only JUST begun to develop writing (well, some did. Most still hadn't) and didn't have any real cities or infrastructures to speak of besides simple village settlements. These places were technically Iess "civiI-ized" than Rome and parts Sub-Saharan Africa and only really began to develop in the Middle ages, but no one ever mentions them in an attempt disparage white/Asian people.
But that's EXACTLY what people do when they talk about Sub-Saharan Africa -- ignore all the developed civilizations and highlight only the undeveloped ones in an attempt to make them look less advanced than they actually were. It's unfair, disingenuous, and reeks of literal racial discrimination.
who else is in Mr.dorns class
who else has to watch this for online school?
Eijiro Kirishima yep
SHOOK !! I know 😭
me for an art project
Torra hope everything goes well!
Zavier Wyman same tho 😭
The cinematography is bad and the editing is really really bad, but still good content~
Here Because of google classroom or zoom?
Roman gods > jeezus
Too much drama ! DREADFUL BACKGROUND MUSIC
Americas new stone wall will be the most amazing structure ever. Not this old hut
Huh?
@@tenarmurk he mean the trump wall.
@@badboypapi8621 yes what trump wall
Pam, you are uncouth.
Hw corona Video
Built by a Syrian architect 💪🇸🇾🔥
A roman pagan architect that was born in today's Syria
@@biochemistry5009 No he was a Nabatean Semitic