The Tuskegee Veterans Hospital did not participate in the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study that took place in Tuskegee between 1932-1972. To learn more, visit: www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/index.html
Really good video. Do you have a list of your sources too? I could not find them in your video description and would love to learn more about this. I am definitely going to check out this link too.
@@tauntingeveryone7208 Thanks for asking! The primary sources used for this video were the book "The Tuskegee Veterans Hospital and its Black physicians" and this article www.jstor.org/stable/2206200 along with the NPR article linked in the description. But there were other books, articles and historians used as well to ensure our primary sources were accurate.
I’m still mad, as a wet hen.. Gil Scott Heron, wrote a song, called Tuskeegee 626, that tells, one perspect of this. I loved Gil from 1972-4, then opened stage/shows for him, near Amh. Mass. My friends , as vets, discussed this with me, right after the end of the AMERIGO WAR IN Viet Nam.
To clarify for those who wondered: The infamous Tuskegee syphilis study had nothing to do with the hospital. It was merely conducted in the same region by the PHS. I knew Tuskegee only for this story. And I find it sad how such an act of immense cruelty and cold indifference like that study could overshadow the great progress made in the Tuskegee hospital!😢
I was going to bring this up, but you beat me to it. To find such contrasted events is common, though too many of the negative acts are whitewashed. It's an uncommonly addressed aspect of humanity that in any country such acts of wonder and horror will comingle, dancing intimately while stabbing brutally at each-other in the moonlight of history.
Great! Thanks for clarifying. I got very confused... why would a black hospital do such a horrific study on black people.. but as you pointed out, it didn't!
8:58 The first Black Director in V.A. history is my Great-Great Grandfather, Dr. Joseph Henry Ward! His granddaughter who was a former Senator in Chicago, Dr. Alice J. Palmer transitioned before she could see the story of his legacy be told! We are soullll grateful as a family for this coverage! Thank you! #SayTheirNames
Col. Joseph H. Ward, M.D. was my great grandfather. I cannot express fully how proud I am of him, and many others who then and now, continue the struggle for equality, fairness and opportunity in the face of savage racism and inequality. I keep a photo of him above my desk to keep me focused on my role in his legacy. My sister and I are working on telling the many other stories about him, his equally amazing wife, Zella, and their community of fearless fighters for freedom and progress. Thank you PBS.
@DavidRobinson-m2x Greetings my mother's family name is Ward they lived in Dumas Arkansas. My great grandfather name is George Ward. My mother is deceased so honestly when I read the name I thought we might be related. Peace and blessings upon you and your family . It's awesome that your family member was mentioned.
@DavidRobinson-m2x Greetings my mother's family name is Ward they lived in Dumas Arkansas. My great grandfather name is George Ward. My mother is deceased so honestly when I read the name I thought we might be related. Peace and blessings upon you and your family . 🙏✨️✌️
This series is such a treasure - it's so exciting to learn and uncover our roots and untold historical events. Thank you so much for sharing American history. I look forward to each episode. Well done PBS!!
WOW as recently retired Black medical professional, this was really enlightening...i remember "Black" hospitals in the NE but never knew about the courageousness of Tuskegee ❤
It is so refreshing to know that the place that I always visited as a child since I grew up in Montgomery and went toAtlanta a lot, stood their ground against tyranny and white racism to preserve our heritage, and the buildings that were forged from the hands of our ancestors so that these days we can look back and still visit these buildings due to their unshakable will ✊🏽❤️💚🖤
Incredible episode!! I love how the archival images were presented, and I love hearing about how powerful we are as a people when we pressure the government to do more and to be better. I can't imagine how stressful it was to be Robert Morton.
How interesting. I’ve heard about the Tuskegee Airmen but I never knew about a hospital that established specifically for not only those veterans but for their people, as well. At the time and place this has occurred, it makes complete sense of why it is still a huge deal today since we’re still facing such problems. Thank you for this, PBS Origins.
Great story....my grandfather graduated from Tuskegee medical school....he practiced in the tri-city area of Sheffield-Florence-Muscleshowls Alabama....Dr. Washington Levert Ruffin !
Outstanding work to Theo Moore II and the entire Hiztorical Vision Production team for this current and updated expansion on an important piece of American history!
Every time we as Black people had something great, people like that destroyed it. I’m so glad that they did not destroy this. My great uncle was a Tuskegee airman. My dad was named after him. I wish I would’ve known more about him.
I learned to stop thinking of those that destroy as people. My pronouns for such is "it" so that I can take action against them expeditiously courtesy of Uncle Sam.
Me and my sisters were both born at Tuskegee Hospital in the late 60's . Our parents drive from Wetumpka to Tuskegee because they won't be born where it was black excellent. So proud they did even today we're proud to say that we were born in Tuskegee.
I completed my podiatric surgery residency at the Central Alabama VHCS. Unfortunately the merger in 1997 stripped many of the medical services from Tuskegee to relocate them to Montgomery. I’m proud to have trained there, but there is still much work to be done.
I went to school in Ann Arbor Michigan. Never learned a word about this is the north, maybe the history tachers didnt know? CRT really needs to be an AP elective.
That was an amazing story and one of the ones that needs to continuously to be told. It is incredulous. They literally did not want us to have anything. The audacity and the gaul to say we want to own and control and manage a hospital that is specifically built and designed to treat people whom we refuse to have olwork or be treated in our own hospitals that we already have access to and control..
This is why DEI (Diversity Equity and Inclusion) is so important. It’s a shame, but many businesses did not willingly practice DEI prior to these laws. Hospitals nationwide that receive government funding are required by law to provide treatment to all people. Failure to do so, would result in the loss of Federal funding.
@@lenettranixon4683 you did, but I submit the fix is just as easy as…well frankly the excuse for *not* hiring a diverse workforce has been for some people. If not easier
This was eye-opening. Dr. Moton is usually portrayed as timid and accommodating to white supremacy, but he stuck to his guns for black staff at the Tuskeegee VA Hospital.
Thank You for the coverage. Little is known about the Valuable Essence and presence of Black Americans and the important part they played and still play in the History of this Country👍😊
It's alive and well but it's shown in wide spread activism by the youth for a brighter tomorrow. There's a community centred culture of collective responsibility but it's being labelled as "snowflake entitlement" by those who have the weakest skin
@@juliancalero8012 Protests aren't collective community; you need permanent institutions and effective, dependable traditions replacing dependence on enemy resources for that. Creating, running and defending our own hospitals despite threats of terrorism and pogroms is what we should be aiming for.
@@eliyahubenysrael6272 but the grass roots communities that spawns and organises them are as they having nothing but what the many hands can provide to the table to keep the pressure on those who need to feel it
Ya’ll so dense is sickening. There are such fields that are considered black jobs! These are jobs that comprise a majority of black jobs or historically are jobs or careers black people have held!
The Tuskeegee Institute did not participate in the infamous Tuskeegee syphilis study despite the name of the study. The study got its name because it was conducted in the area.
My question: how did black southerners travel to Tuskegee in 1920's Jim Crow South? It could not have been easy with all of the laws in place to keep black southerners in place.
Look up Sundown towns, but in the south they were used to harass the black population. Look up Knowing Better's video on Neoslavery. Alabama itself had a prison population that used to mine for coal. I'm guessing that Tuskegee had a train station that made it easier for the black population at the time to get there.
They were fully authorised to use public transport and if they could afford it a car. The laws did restrict where they can sit and some business (even if the owner wanted to) were prohibited from serving them
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN FAIRLY EASY BY RAILROAD AS THEY HAD EITHER SEGREGATED CARS, OR AT LEAST AN CAR HAVING AN WHITE AND SEGREGATED CAR, WITH THE TRAVEL DIRECTION ARRANGED TO HAVING BLACKS TO THE REAR! INTERESTINGLY, AN LARGE PORTION OF RR EMPLOYEES WHO WERE NOT OPERATING PERSONELL, AND WERE THERE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE TRAVELING PUBLIC WERE BLACKS ALREADY! THESE SERVICE JOBS ON PASSENGER TRAINS, CREATED THE MIDDLE CLASSES OF THEIR RACE! KEEP THEM ROLLING BROTHERS! 👍👍
The more and more that comes out about the wicked is incredible, Do to a real lack of education, and the fact that we have been on a treadmill Just to survive, this captivity, Shows you the degree of pressure and Oppression we have been Under all this time. I had know idea of any of this at all, and this would never just be a foot note in history if this was any other peoples, I would take it from me if anyone bothers to read this, we do not die, and someone and I won’t say who, is in a lot of Biblical trouble, We are the Israelites,
Videos like this I find difficult to watch. Octogenarian male widower here who spent the first thirty years of his life, less three years in the US Army, in a segregated by law south and segregated by understanding rest of America. This is 2024 and blacks are being told to get over it. Solve that one.
Our country is rich in history. The KKK is one of many stains on the fabric of this great nation. If more people took a not violent approach to todays issues, we could find common ground. This was very good information. A person isn't born racist. Racism is taught. Fear is the key and ignorance the door. 😊
Just a thought! Verterans are former soldiers. All you had to do was spread the rumour that some of them are trained snipers and they like to spend a lot of time on the roof. That alone would have deterred some of the KKK members. Knowing that a group only makes the target bigger.
Now medical has returned as a force to be recognized with. Americas health system is complex to say the least. Our last makeshift Hospital was Peter's Palace during Katrina. 10199 is in all kinds of documents now.
The Tuskegee Veterans Hospital did not participate in the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study that took place in Tuskegee between 1932-1972. To learn more, visit: www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/index.html
Thx god, but why didn’t they do something to help them? They should’ve been well informed right
Thanks for posting this website
Really good video. Do you have a list of your sources too? I could not find them in your video description and would love to learn more about this. I am definitely going to check out this link too.
@@tauntingeveryone7208 Thanks for asking! The primary sources used for this video were the book "The Tuskegee Veterans Hospital and its Black physicians" and this article www.jstor.org/stable/2206200 along with the NPR article linked in the description. But there were other books, articles and historians used as well to ensure our primary sources were accurate.
I’m still mad, as a wet hen.. Gil Scott Heron, wrote a song, called Tuskeegee 626, that tells, one perspect of this. I loved Gil from 1972-4, then opened stage/shows for him, near Amh. Mass.
My friends , as vets, discussed this with me, right after the end of the AMERIGO WAR IN Viet Nam.
To clarify for those who wondered:
The infamous Tuskegee syphilis study had nothing to do with the hospital.
It was merely conducted in the same region by the PHS.
I knew Tuskegee only for this story. And I find it sad how such an act of immense cruelty and cold indifference like that study could overshadow the great progress made in the Tuskegee hospital!😢
Yes! This! Thank you for sharing this important and positive story of Tuskegee medical history.
I was going to bring this up, but you beat me to it. To find such contrasted events is common, though too many of the negative acts are whitewashed. It's an uncommonly addressed aspect of humanity that in any country such acts of wonder and horror will comingle, dancing intimately while stabbing brutally at each-other in the moonlight of history.
Great! Thanks for clarifying. I got very confused... why would a black hospital do such a horrific study on black people.. but as you pointed out, it didn't!
Thanks, I appreciate and needed the clarification!
That is exactly why i clicked on this headline... i was very confused!
8:58 The first Black Director in V.A. history is my Great-Great Grandfather, Dr. Joseph Henry Ward! His granddaughter who was a former Senator in Chicago, Dr. Alice J. Palmer transitioned before she could see the story of his legacy be told! We are soullll grateful as a family for this coverage! Thank you! #SayTheirNames
What a legacy.
We've come a long way but still have a long way to go.
Amazing! Thanks for sharing this.
Col. Joseph H. Ward, M.D. was my great grandfather. I cannot express fully how proud I am of him, and many others who then and now, continue the struggle for equality, fairness and opportunity in the face of savage racism and inequality. I keep a photo of him above my desk to keep me focused on my role in his legacy. My sister and I are working on telling the many other stories about him, his equally amazing wife, Zella, and their community of fearless fighters for freedom and progress. Thank you PBS.
That's amazing! Thanks for sharing this with us.
@DavidRobinson-m2x
Greetings my mother's family name is Ward they lived in Dumas Arkansas. My great grandfather name is George Ward. My mother is deceased so honestly when I read the name I thought we might be related. Peace and blessings upon you and your family .
It's awesome that your family member was mentioned.
@DavidRobinson-m2x
Greetings my mother's family name is Ward they lived in Dumas Arkansas. My great grandfather name is George Ward. My mother is deceased so honestly when I read the name I thought we might be related. Peace and blessings upon you and your family .
🙏✨️✌️
@@abusednomoresilence Peace! We have Wards in our family too, but our roots are Virginian.
Thank you. ✨🖤🏥✨
Salute to all the brothers and sisters who helped make this hospital happen.
Learning about firsts in History is always a delight.
I wish I could upvote this video 1000 times … Bravo for history!
This series is such a treasure - it's so exciting to learn and uncover our roots and untold historical events. Thank you so much for sharing American history. I look forward to each episode. Well done PBS!!
They served a country that hated them. We should be ashamed. The Tuskegee Airmen fought valiantly.
They didn't serve a country that hated them they served a government that hated them countries don't hate people do
@turtle29dad.....Yes.....
@@tbnrwolff3354The people that hated them.
@@tbnrwolff3354people form the government of those countries and are represented by them.
@@tbnrwolff3354 right and those ppl IN the country did hate them Stop the gaslighting!
That's absolutely the BEST civil rights story I've ever heard! Thank you!
WOW as recently retired Black medical professional, this was really enlightening...i remember "Black" hospitals in the NE but never knew about the courageousness of Tuskegee ❤
It is so refreshing to know that the place that I always visited as a child since I grew up in Montgomery and went toAtlanta a lot, stood their ground against tyranny and white racism to preserve our heritage, and the buildings that were forged from the hands of our ancestors so that these days we can look back and still visit these buildings due to their unshakable will ✊🏽❤️💚🖤
Incredible episode!! I love how the archival images were presented, and I love hearing about how powerful we are as a people when we pressure the government to do more and to be better. I can't imagine how stressful it was to be Robert Morton.
They were so brave. A very hard thing to be.
How interesting. I’ve heard about the Tuskegee Airmen but I never knew about a hospital that established specifically for not only those veterans but for their people, as well. At the time and place this has occurred, it makes complete sense of why it is still a huge deal today since we’re still facing such problems. Thank you for this, PBS Origins.
Great work PBS. Subscribed.
Great story....my grandfather graduated from Tuskegee medical school....he practiced in the tri-city area of Sheffield-Florence-Muscleshowls Alabama....Dr. Washington Levert Ruffin !
Thank you for this very informative film i will share
Tuskegee VA Hospital is a life saver,
Outstanding work to Theo Moore II and the entire Hiztorical Vision Production team for this current and updated expansion on an important piece of American history!
I graduated from Tuskegee University and never heard this amazing story!
A fantastic story to hear about, can’t wait for more!
Fascinating video, thank you!
Wow, this story is crazy and sad. Thanks for sharing the history.
Always like to view these documentaries on black history.
Thank you for the hard work needed to make this possible 👍🏼😃🇲🇾
Love this series!
Thank you for this excellent presentation.
Every time we as Black people had something great, people like that destroyed it. I’m so glad that they did not destroy this. My great uncle was a Tuskegee airman. My dad was named after him. I wish I would’ve known more about him.
That they did not succeed, because they definitely tried !
They told us to get our own... .boots straps nonsense...and when we did, they did what they do....mind you, unprovoked
I learned to stop thinking of those that destroy as people. My pronouns for such is "it" so that I can take action against them expeditiously courtesy of Uncle Sam.
I thank your great uncle for his service. And yes everytime blacks did great things and had it good racist were hell bent on destroying it.
@@melindanewton6303 I appreciate that. I wish I would’ve been able to have conversations with him before he passed away.
I attended Homer G. Phillips Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Mo.Excellent education.
Wonderful docu! Thank you!!!!
Learning about the Black history right here in my home state is amazing
What a GREAT story!! NICE WORK!!
I just love learning Black history!!😎
Thanks for this Historical information.
This is why Dr Booker T Washington is a HERO!!! He does NOT get the credit he deserves.
Me and my sisters were both born at Tuskegee Hospital in the late 60's . Our parents drive from Wetumpka to Tuskegee because they won't be born where it was black excellent. So proud they did even today we're proud to say that we were born in Tuskegee.
I appreciate this topic being covered. My thanks to all involved. ✌️
I completed my podiatric surgery residency at the Central Alabama VHCS. Unfortunately the merger in 1997 stripped many of the medical services from Tuskegee to relocate them to Montgomery. I’m proud to have trained there, but there is still much work to be done.
Absolutely love your channel, been watching PBS since I was a kid in the 90s
This is also what happened with the Vietnam War… Men Of Color were Drafted to fight in a War but faced Racism when they returned😢
Teach History. Period! Bama grad 76.
Very good video. Thanks for posting it.
Keep up the good work
In school i hate history now im grown i find it amazing alot of this wasnt spoke upon at my schools
I went to school in Ann Arbor Michigan. Never learned a word about this is the north, maybe the history tachers didnt know? CRT really needs to be an AP elective.
That was an amazing story and one of the ones that needs to continuously to be told. It is incredulous. They literally did not want us to have anything. The audacity and the gaul to say we want to own and control and manage a hospital that is specifically built and designed to treat people whom we refuse to have olwork or be treated in our own hospitals that we already have access to and control..
I love finding out about history like this. It gives me hope for the future.
Black woman from Texas…didn’t know this history, thank you ❤
Hi thank you very much, this one I did not know of, very good job.
This is why DEI (Diversity Equity and Inclusion) is so important. It’s a shame, but many businesses did not willingly practice DEI prior to these laws.
Hospitals nationwide that receive government funding are required by law to provide treatment to all people. Failure to do so, would result in the loss of Federal funding.
DEI would have been a good idea if the hires was good at their jobs. Nepotism, friends and DEI that can't do the job is a waste.
@@lenettranixon4683you're all up in every comment with your racism! GTFOH
@@lenettranixon4683so hire people good at their jobs if that the concern. Do you think all the White hires were based on merit?
@@NoPawn Not always. That's why I wrote the comment.
@@lenettranixon4683 you did, but I submit the fix is just as easy as…well frankly the excuse for *not* hiring a diverse workforce has been for some people. If not easier
Tweeted!
Thank you!!
🇨🇦
History really unlocks the mind, thank you!
Thanks PBS, i love your documentaries
This was eye-opening. Dr. Moton is usually portrayed as timid and accommodating to white supremacy, but he stuck to his guns for black staff at the Tuskeegee VA Hospital.
Excellent report ❤😊
THANK YOU !
Yes, my father a veteran info was burned with all the other. But he was 100% disable worked at the post office and we live pretty good
Fantastic learn.
Thank You for the coverage. Little is known about the Valuable Essence and presence of Black Americans and the important part they played and still play in the History of this Country👍😊
Love this educational information.
Thank you
First time learning about this, Jim Crow laws! Based off the color of your skin, hard to comprehend but apart of the past!
The men in my family were part of the Tuskegee experiment
Community centered culture of collective responsibility and action did incredible things. It's not as widespread today.
Thank you for this history!
It's alive and well but it's shown in wide spread activism by the youth for a brighter tomorrow. There's a community centred culture of collective responsibility but it's being labelled as "snowflake entitlement" by those who have the weakest skin
@@juliancalero8012 Protests aren't collective community; you need permanent institutions and effective, dependable traditions replacing dependence on enemy resources for that. Creating, running and defending our own hospitals despite threats of terrorism and pogroms is what we should be aiming for.
@@eliyahubenysrael6272 but the grass roots communities that spawns and organises them are as they having nothing but what the many hands can provide to the table to keep the pressure on those who need to feel it
To be so afraid of another groups success in itself is sad. Self determination was what they was seeking.
Wonderfully done
I wonder if President Trump considers 'surgeon' to be a "black job."
😆
Ya’ll so dense is sickening. There are such fields that are considered black jobs! These are jobs that comprise a majority of black jobs or historically are jobs or careers black people have held!
The only job that Donald J Trump would consider to be a black job is that of janitor, cleaners, porters, shoes 👞 shine guys, and so forth
You never heard of Dr. Ben Carson that served in his cabinet?
@@rjl5759 Trump is angry and afraid that immigrants are coming in and stealing brain surgeon jobs?
That outro music is a bop, man
Interesting 👍🏾 💯
This is why black people are always on guard with doctors (black, white, Indian, etc.)
Exactly!
The Tuskeegee Institute did not participate in the infamous Tuskeegee syphilis study despite the name of the study. The study got its name because it was conducted in the area.
Ok this was a great documentary but the song on here is so dope its soulful hip and magical all at once to me 😂❤
This is what I would call great video
I bet those white sheets weren’t too white at the end of that walk!
Wonderful
Just seemed like it was a long time ago only 100 years think about it we still have a long way to go
My question: how did black southerners travel to Tuskegee in 1920's Jim Crow South? It could not have been easy with all of the laws in place to keep black southerners in place.
"The Negro Motorist Green Book" I believe came out during that time or 1930s but before that safe travel was provided word of mouth
That's really interesting. Are you or anyone else able to expand?
Look up Sundown towns, but in the south they were used to harass the black population. Look up Knowing Better's video on Neoslavery. Alabama itself had a prison population that used to mine for coal.
I'm guessing that Tuskegee had a train station that made it easier for the black population at the time to get there.
They were fully authorised to use public transport and if they could afford it a car.
The laws did restrict where they can sit and some business (even if the owner wanted to) were prohibited from serving them
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN FAIRLY EASY BY RAILROAD AS THEY HAD EITHER SEGREGATED CARS, OR AT LEAST AN CAR HAVING AN WHITE AND SEGREGATED CAR, WITH THE TRAVEL DIRECTION ARRANGED TO HAVING BLACKS TO THE REAR!
INTERESTINGLY, AN LARGE PORTION OF RR EMPLOYEES WHO WERE NOT OPERATING PERSONELL, AND WERE THERE TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE TRAVELING PUBLIC WERE BLACKS ALREADY!
THESE SERVICE JOBS ON PASSENGER TRAINS, CREATED THE MIDDLE CLASSES OF THEIR RACE!
KEEP THEM ROLLING BROTHERS!
👍👍
Great vid
Respect ❤🎉💪🏿💯
I’ve never understood how people with a soul can hate anyone based on the color of their skin. It’s just so hard to wrap my head around that…
They should make this into a feature film. I’ve never really heard of this. I’ve heard of the airman but not this hospital
That beat at the end *chefs kiss*
The more and more that comes out about the wicked is incredible,
Do to a real lack of education, and the fact that we have been on a treadmill
Just to survive, this captivity, Shows you the degree of pressure and Oppression we have been
Under all this time. I had know idea of any of this at all, and this would never just be a foot note in history if this was any other peoples, I would take it from me if anyone bothers to read this, we do not die, and someone and I won’t say who, is in a lot of Biblical trouble, We are the Israelites,
Wait! Isn't that outro music from I Robot?!?! Is that Alan Parsons Project?!? 😮🤯🥰
It's not Alan Parsons but it kinda sounds like "Eye in the Sky" doesn't it?
Discovery by Brian Bennett
Excellent historic reminder to voters in 2024! Which party ran the South? Which party fought against segregation?
Great story the world needs to look upon. These veterans needs reparations!
Videos like this I find difficult to watch. Octogenarian male widower here who spent the first thirty years of his life, less three years in the US Army, in a segregated by law south and segregated by understanding rest of America. This is 2024 and blacks are being told to get over it. Solve that one.
Only cowards hide their identity.
Sweet Home America 😈
Interesting the music credits didn't include Dexter Wansel's "The Theme From Planets" you had in the intro. One of the most talented Black composers.
The two songs in the intro are "Venus Probe" by John Cameron and "Discovery" by Brian Bennett. Both pieces are stock music created in the early 80s.
Our country is rich in history. The KKK is one of many stains on the fabric of this great nation. If more people took a not violent approach to todays issues, we could find common ground. This was very good information. A person isn't born racist. Racism is taught. Fear is the key and ignorance the door. 😊
Thank you
Just a thought!
Verterans are former soldiers.
All you had to do was spread the rumour that some of them are trained snipers and they like to spend a lot of time on the roof.
That alone would have deterred some of the KKK members. Knowing that a group only makes the target bigger.
💯Truth✅✅
I am the daughter of a historian and have done my best to study the history outside of white men. I didn’t know this. Thank you SO much!!
Remember whites are bad, blacks are good - what more history do you need honeychile?
Jealousy at its worse.
Inspiring! Shame 30% of Americans think this era was 'great'
They told us to get our own... .boots straps nonsense...and when we did they did what they do....mind you, unprovoked
Now medical has returned as a force to be recognized with. Americas health system is complex to say the least.
Our last makeshift Hospital was Peter's Palace during Katrina.
10199 is in all kinds of documents now.
This is what CRT needs to be about
It already is...
This IS what it's about.
Why do you think they want it stopped.
Wow 100 years ago says it all it's over victims aren't here anymore
Flipping stupidity should be current concern