My mom was nagging me about how "you can't learn from watching a stupid screen" then she watched one video and said "wow that brings back so much of my knowledge from my college biology class."
It's amazing how necessary it is for your mind to contemplate the world on both the macro and micro level. I think the evidence and closing question in this video are perfect examples that tie the two in together perfectly. We have these organism to organism symbioses that demonstrate these types of relationships, but then we look further inside (neglected the overall organism for the time being) and see that it happens between cells themselves... it just ties everything together so well. :)
I came up with this theory independent of the world of curriculum. I am an autodidact and this theory is at the core of some of my philosophy of science concepts. This theory is extremely important. I recently acquired a friend who is a microbiologist/researcher. We were having a conversation and he mentioned this right as I was typing this to him and we both hit send at almost the same time..... so validating! ;-) ("I" and more individualism blah blah blah) Here is the statement I was making and I regularly say this to people and have been for 5+ years. We are not individuals; that is an oversimplification of our state of existence. More accurately, we are a mass of microbiological symbiotic consciousness in an unyielding process of transmutation.
Very good video explanation. You remind me a lot of some kind of fusion between Hank and John Green. My biology professor has us watch your videos, but I'm going to sub. Keep up the good stuff man.
This video is not meant to entertain, its meant to help those who either dont understand biology or have too incompetent of a biology teacher to explain it well.
Mr. Anderson, can you do a video over invertebrates and vertebrates please? I'm in pre AP biology and all I can say is thank you! Your videos have helped me so much... I get everything so much better! Haha
Hey Paul, great video, I really love this theory. Have some questions though. 1. What do scientists beleive "powered" the eukaryotic cells before being invaded by aerobic bacteria? 2. The way I understand it, the mitochondria undergo a type of binary fission to mutiply, thus are not coded into the human genome? (ie. no DNA codes for the creation of mitochondria). Do the mitochondria get a signal to split when time for meiosis comes around? Thanks
Many of these questions require much more 'back story' than a simple posted response. To explain how DNA transcription and translation work in order to explain mutation, semi conservative theory, protein synthesis ect. requires prior knowledge.and study. Science does not cherry pick theories or data, though nor does it have every answer; but it's exacting methodology provides an incredibly detailed series of explanations many processes well beyond the scope of ANY other system of understanding.
Love that. Mothers provide us with the energy and zest to live life! Not only do they carry us for 9 months & birth us, but also give us mitochondria :')
I have wondered if there was once a reverse rna or dna transcriptase or a reverse protease so that nucleotide chains or direct proteins were plagiarized.
If I'm not wrong, organisms that rely on consuming others are sessile because of the need to hunt those organisms; whereas autotrophic plants are stationary because they don't need to move to stay alive, only sunlight, CO2 and water.
This may not answer your question but it will give you a place to look for the answer. The sperm produces the energy to move in it's Middle Section between the head and tail.
A number of points invalidate the endosymbiosis hypothesis: 1- If chloroplasts, in particular, were once independent cells, then there could only have been one outcome if one were swallowed by a larger cell: namely, it would have been digested by the parent cell and used as food. This must be so, because even if we assume that the parent cell in question took such a cell into itself from the outside by mistake, instead of intentionally ingesting it as food, nevertheless, the digestive enzymes in the parent cell would have destroyed it. Of course, some evolutionists have gotten around this obstacle by saying, "The digestive enzymes had disappeared." But this is a clear contradiction, because if the cell's digestive enzymes had disappeared, then the cell would have died from lack of nutrition. 2- Again, let us assume that all the impossible happened and that the cell which is claimed to have been the ancestor of the chloroplast was swallowed by the parent cell. In this case we are faced with another problem: The blueprints of all the organelles inside the cell are encoded in the DNA. If the parent cell were going to use other cells it swallowed as organelles, then it would be necessary for all of the information about them to be already present and encoded in its DNA. The DNA of the swallowed cells would have to possess information belonging to the parent cell. Not only is such a situation impossible, the two complements of DNA belonging to the parent cell and the swallowed cell would also have to become compatible with each other afterwards, which is also clearly impossible. 3- There is great harmony within the cell which random mutations cannot account for. There are more than just one chloroplast and one mitochondrion in a cell. Their number rises or falls according to the activity level of the cell, just like with other organelles. The existence of DNA in the bodies of these organelles is also of use in reproduction. As the cell divides, all of the numerous chloroplasts divide too, and the cell division happens in a shorter time and more regularly. 4- Chloroplasts are energy generators of absolutely vital importance to the plant cell. If these organelles did not produce energy, many of the cell's functions would not work, which would mean that the cell could not live. These functions, which are so important to the cell, take place with proteins synthesized in the chloroplasts. But the chloroplasts' own DNA is not enough to synthesize these proteins. The greater part of the proteins are synthesized using the parent DNA in the cell nucleus.
I know this was posted a while ago and judging solely from your videos, I'm not sure how fluent you are in English (although this was a very well written comment, so I could be wrong), but a good paper for you to skim may be this: www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1199/tab.0110. I'm only a first year bio student, but this comment made me think and made me study the key concepts surrounding protists, chloroplasts, bacterium, and endosymbiosis, so even though I disagree with your rebuttal, thank you for posting your initial comment!
That question at the end boggled my mind for a while since viewing Journey to the Microcosmos videos. So glad I finally found an answer, also wow, that changes how I view life a lot. Also funny thing is I was probably taught that in school, but either didn't care or couldn't understand what it really means. Live and learn.
A very interesting theory for sure. Why aren't there eucaryotic cells that are similar to animals cells in structure but also contain chloroplasts though? Your coral example as well as the animal known as Elysia Chlorotica could be evolutionary steps to this sort of cell creation in the future. but why doesn't it already exist?
Thanks for the video! My teacher recently told us about endosymbiosis. It's fascinating! By the way, you said that the Mito DNA looks a lot like the DNA from a certain bacterium, you mean the Rickettsia that cause Typhus right?
Evolution from the free flowing strands of DNA in prokaryotic cells, as the DNA became more complex and more "numerous" the nucleus (and it's sub structures of chromosomes) evolved.
Sperm cells do have mitochondria, but when the he sperm head with the nucleus enters the ovum the rest of the body and flagela are cut of, and with it the mitochondria and the flagela.(without a powerhouse/mitochondria the actin of the flagela would not work well)
I like videos like this but wish I he would use common terms to make easier it to understand like crash courses. My professor give me an assignment that’s the reason I had to watch this and some one the information weren’t told in a way I can understand but I think I got it because I have rewatched it.
do we inherit the mitochondria themselves from our mothers' eggs or do we inherit the mitochondrial DNA from our mothers' egg cells, I really need help , this has been so confusing for me?
salma ibrahim Basically, the mitochondria reproduce independently from the cells through meiosis, and it just so happens that there's enough mitochondria in each of our cells that when they split, some are in one half and some in the other half of the cell. Ta daaa.
farman khan Not all bacteria are harmful, bacteria are an extremely important part of the human digestive system and without them, we wouldn't be able to digest properly.
Whatever you say still does not explain why these prokaryotes would all of a sudden choose to live side by side with the mitochondria. This directly goes against your own fact that with no new mutations( since it is asexual) there will be no changes in the way they function.
Paul Andersen explains things way better than my lecturers at university...
nst as better or not, anyx can be okx
@@zes7215 r/ihadastroke
You're learning this in college???
@@Ai_created_growth in my first year of university haha
Wait so are you out of college now Sunshine?😊
Thanks mom.
Well said. I am happy to hear that you enjoyed the video and the question.
My mom was nagging me about how "you can't learn from watching a stupid screen" then she watched one video and said "wow that brings back so much of my knowledge from my college biology class."
I came into my biology class one day and found my teacher on the computer watching you! Youre such a good teacher!!
this guy spoke continuously for 7 straight minutes. WOW non frickin stop
jaay pee its called; being prepared . Hehe.
janet1music true ;)
+jaay pee c:
You're wet you said frickin wettty.
ikr
My teacher actually uses your videos rather frequently to express points in class that he just can't seem to get past like you can.
Thanks!
*Endosymbiotic Theory*
Did you know that Mitochondria in our cells used to be separate organisms?
They even have their own DNA!
Biology is awesome.
It's amazing how necessary it is for your mind to contemplate the world on both the macro and micro level. I think the evidence and closing question in this video are perfect examples that tie the two in together perfectly. We have these organism to organism symbioses that demonstrate these types of relationships, but then we look further inside (neglected the overall organism for the time being) and see that it happens between cells themselves... it just ties everything together so well. :)
Endosymbiosis is an extremely fascinating topic. You explained it really well, so thank you for this!
u a gret teacher
+Perez Livias you need a spelling teacher?
+Liam Wall n0 he dos nt
Maybe English isn't his first language?
u a gret speller
I came up with this theory independent of the world of curriculum. I am an autodidact and this theory is at the core of some of my philosophy of science concepts. This theory is extremely important. I recently acquired a friend who is a microbiologist/researcher. We were having a conversation and he mentioned this right as I was typing this to him and we both hit send at almost the same time..... so validating! ;-) ("I" and more individualism blah blah blah)
Here is the statement I was making and I regularly say this to people and have been for 5+ years.
We are not individuals; that is an oversimplification of our state of existence. More accurately, we are a mass of microbiological symbiotic consciousness in an unyielding process of transmutation.
+Beyond Psychology cringey message
9randomful why do you say that?
cuz i felt like it...
9randomful so absolutely no real reason... Just being a childish troll I guess?
Are you just fishing for people to mute and block you?
why you mad though?
Very good video explanation. You remind me a lot of some kind of fusion between Hank and John Green. My biology professor has us watch your videos, but I'm going to sub. Keep up the good stuff man.
i always watch your videos to study for tests
This video is not meant to entertain, its meant to help those who either dont understand biology or have too incompetent of a biology teacher to explain it well.
That was REALLY helpful, I couldnt for the life of me understand this concept. Now i think i have a better understanding of it.
Mr. Anderson, can you do a video over invertebrates and vertebrates please? I'm in pre AP biology and all I can say is thank you! Your videos have helped me so much... I get everything so much better! Haha
Thanks for this amazing explanation! This question has puzzled me for a long time
I was looking through your channel for a video on this topic just yesterday! It was so strange to see that it was up today.
ibwm26 Perhaps serendipitous instead strange? 🤔
don't talk that way about my mom, science man
under rated comment
This is extremely helpful, thank you so much for your videos!
Love how you explain things! You are a genius!
Very good explanation, it helps me a lot to understand it better and pass the exam
Please consider to do a video on the heart! Your videos are very fascinating and it helps me so much in school :) wish my teacher was like you
Wow, great video. Thank you! You always make my studying much easier to understand.
i learnt so much in this video than in 2 lectures!!
Hey Paul, great video, I really love this theory.
Have some questions though.
1. What do scientists beleive "powered" the eukaryotic cells before being invaded by aerobic bacteria?
2. The way I understand it, the mitochondria undergo a type of binary fission to mutiply, thus are not coded into the human genome? (ie. no DNA codes for the creation of mitochondria). Do the mitochondria get a signal to split when time for meiosis comes around?
Thanks
Thank you very much! I'll use it in my science class for my students, hope you don´t mind. Congratulations on such a great project!
The endosymbiosis theory would always be the theory in Biology that amazes me most.
it's helpful on my studies, thanks a lot for sharing!
Many of these questions require much more 'back story' than a simple posted response. To explain how DNA transcription and translation work in order to explain mutation, semi conservative theory, protein synthesis ect. requires prior knowledge.and study. Science does not cherry pick theories or data, though nor does it have every answer; but it's exacting methodology provides an incredibly detailed series of explanations many processes well beyond the scope of ANY other system of understanding.
Great work, i use some of your videos for teaching in high school ir argentina, thanks
valkanoise The Falklands are British.
Hello Mr. Andersen, what is the hypothesized steps for the evolution of eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis
Thank you for posting this, Bozeman Science! 😀
Thank you - it is a great video!
But I have a question - if sperm doesn't have mitochondria (at all) - how does it move? where does it take energy?
Tq mr A.i got my bio exam this tuesday.
Love that. Mothers provide us with the energy and zest to live life! Not only do they carry us for 9 months & birth us, but also give us mitochondria :')
I have wondered if there was once a reverse rna or dna transcriptase or a reverse protease so that nucleotide chains or direct proteins were plagiarized.
Lynn margulis -- great lady.
Clear and concise, thank you!
Just the explanation I needed! Thank you!
If I'm not wrong, organisms that rely on consuming others are sessile because of the need to hunt those organisms; whereas autotrophic plants are stationary because they don't need to move to stay alive, only sunlight, CO2 and water.
i love your videos they are really helpful ! thank you !!
thank you mr andersen, you are the best
imma give a name to all the mitochondria in my cells. Thanks Mitoritos
Very informative,sir. Thanks a lot!
very much helpful..thank u😊😊
Valar Margulis
thank you
I always think about that.
Thanks a lot!
Very helpful. Thanks.
This may not answer your question but it will give you a place to look for the answer. The sperm produces the energy to move in it's Middle Section between the head and tail.
Really helpful sir
thanks so much! great job!
A number of points invalidate the endosymbiosis hypothesis:
1- If chloroplasts, in particular, were once independent cells, then there could only have been one outcome if one were swallowed by a larger cell: namely, it would have been digested by the parent cell and used as food. This must be so, because even if we assume that the parent cell in question took such a cell into itself from the outside by mistake, instead of intentionally ingesting it as food, nevertheless, the digestive enzymes in the parent cell would have destroyed it. Of course, some evolutionists have gotten around this obstacle by saying, "The digestive enzymes had disappeared." But this is a clear contradiction, because if the cell's digestive enzymes had disappeared, then the cell would have died from lack of nutrition.
2- Again, let us assume that all the impossible happened and that the cell which is claimed to have been the ancestor of the chloroplast was swallowed by the parent cell. In this case we are faced with another problem: The blueprints of all the organelles inside the cell are encoded in the DNA. If the parent cell were going to use other cells it swallowed as organelles, then it would be necessary for all of the information about them to be already present and encoded in its DNA. The DNA of the swallowed cells would have to possess information belonging to the parent cell. Not only is such a situation impossible, the two complements of DNA belonging to the parent cell and the swallowed cell would also have to become compatible with each other afterwards, which is also clearly impossible.
3- There is great harmony within the cell which random mutations cannot account for. There are more than just one chloroplast and one mitochondrion in a cell. Their number rises or falls according to the activity level of the cell, just like with other organelles. The existence of DNA in the bodies of these organelles is also of use in reproduction. As the cell divides, all of the numerous chloroplasts divide too, and the cell division happens in a shorter time and more regularly.
4- Chloroplasts are energy generators of absolutely vital importance to the plant cell. If these organelles did not produce energy, many of the cell's functions would not work, which would mean that the cell could not live. These functions, which are so important to the cell, take place with proteins synthesized in the chloroplasts. But the chloroplasts' own DNA is not enough to synthesize these proteins. The greater part of the proteins are synthesized using the parent DNA in the cell nucleus.
I know this was posted a while ago and judging solely from your videos, I'm not sure how fluent you are in English (although this was a very well written comment, so I could be wrong), but a good paper for you to skim may be this: www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1199/tab.0110. I'm only a first year bio student, but this comment made me think and made me study the key concepts surrounding protists, chloroplasts, bacterium, and endosymbiosis, so even though I disagree with your rebuttal, thank you for posting your initial comment!
THANK YOU, this video is very helpful.
The mitochondria reproduce within the cell and are more or less evenly distributed to the two new cells during mitosis.
Thank you so much, this was great! Good job! :)
Dr. Valar Margulis
Great video thank you so much 😊
Do they reproduce on their own? I have never heard of mitochondrial reproduction, but that would make sense.
That question at the end boggled my mind for a while since viewing Journey to the Microcosmos videos. So glad I finally found an answer, also wow, that changes how I view life a lot. Also funny thing is I was probably taught that in school, but either didn't care or couldn't understand what it really means. Live and learn.
thankyou! helped this CSUS hornet a lot!!
Paul Andersen is the Alton Brown of the biology world.
yes, this is very helpful. Thank you so much for making this video. :)
A very interesting theory for sure.
Why aren't there eucaryotic cells that are similar to animals cells in structure but also contain chloroplasts though? Your coral example as well as the animal known as Elysia Chlorotica could be evolutionary steps to this sort of cell creation in the future. but why doesn't it already exist?
Or maybe it did exist and creatures with such design went extinct. hmm
Thanks for the video! My teacher recently told us about endosymbiosis. It's fascinating! By the way, you said that the Mito DNA looks a lot like the DNA from a certain bacterium, you mean the Rickettsia that cause Typhus right?
Evolution from the free flowing strands of DNA in prokaryotic cells, as the DNA became more complex and more "numerous" the nucleus (and it's sub structures of chromosomes) evolved.
Sperm cells do have mitochondria, but when the he sperm head with the nucleus enters the ovum the rest of the body and flagela are cut of, and with it the mitochondria and the flagela.(without a powerhouse/mitochondria the actin of the flagela would not work well)
thank you fir alkl the great memoriroes thank yoiu soi much
That's cool, but what is the origin of eukaryotic nucleus?
I like videos like this but wish I he would use common terms to make easier it to understand like crash courses. My professor give me an assignment that’s the reason I had to watch this and some one the information weren’t told in a way I can understand but I think I got it because I have rewatched it.
do we inherit the mitochondria themselves from our mothers' eggs or do we inherit the mitochondrial DNA from our mothers' egg cells, I really need help , this has been so confusing for me?
due to the nature of meiosis, the mitochondria are inherited whole.
salma ibrahim Basically, the mitochondria reproduce independently from the cells through meiosis, and it just so happens that there's enough mitochondria in each of our cells that when they split, some are in one half and some in the other half of the cell. Ta daaa.
I never thought I would be learning from someone named @@Jockster109
@@luckycharms8020 Never thought anyone would be learning from someone with my name. And they probably shouldn't, I'm probably wrong.
Just a question: Why the facecam?
I honestly looooove biology XD
+sylvia hamilton What a waste of time.
i love your videos :)
Why didn't you mention phagocytes?
This is a fantastic presentation. Thank you so much!
When cell replicates, how do mitochondria replicates?
THANKS GUY
this guy has an epic jawline
Yeah it is helpful ! thank you :)
Amazing. It almost seems like winning the lottery. Because if it hadn't happened life as we know it would not exist right?
nst as topix or not
Wow, it makes me sad that we are in the same gene pool.
THANK YOUUUU SOOOOO MUCHHHH!!!
Thank you for this video!
If mitochondria evolved from bacteria,aren't mitochondria supposed to be harmful for a cell as it is a bacteria after all.
farman khan
Not all bacteria are harmful, bacteria are an extremely important part of the human digestive system and without them, we wouldn't be able to digest properly.
thanks
Love you mom
"well you can thank your mom for that"
But how?
interesting. ty
Whatever you say still does not explain why these prokaryotes would all of a sudden choose to live side by side with the mitochondria. This directly goes against your own fact that with no new mutations( since it is asexual) there will be no changes in the way they function.
I don’t want to do this assignment Mrs.Walde
Me neither “Matthew Baker”
I got a Mr. Beast ad after this
Great
why not?
Miiiiisssttttteerrrrrrr Anderson
What would creationists have us believe?
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏