Celtic Languages Compared - Animals
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- Опубліковано 9 бер 2022
- Welsh, Irish, Cornish, Scots Gaelic, Breton and Manx compared for animals, and for a bit of fun.
Comparison of Celtic vocabulary for the curious, learners and experienced alike. For everyone,
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This video shows the clear distinction between the Goidelic and Brythonic Celtic languages.
Another awesome presentation. Could I add a tuppence by pointing out that the word cu is used in Irish for hound. The name of Irish mythological hero Cuchulain translates as the hound of Culain (note also the mutation, same as Welsh)
Yes it is! And I thouhht about including it. Astute comment, thank you.
In the Faroe Islands we have words such as Tarvur and Dunna (duck), originated from Celtic
What an honour to be a Faroese speaker. Takk.
Interestingly the old Welsh word for fish (prior to borrowing piscis from Latin) is retained in the river name ‘Wysg’ (the River Usk) which literally means the River [of] Fish.
It is a clear cognate of Irish ‘iasc’.
I did not know that.
Well 'konikl' sounds so close to 'coniglio' in Italian, also those capall/ceffyl with 'cavallo'.
Carrow is a word found in many Cornish place names, means 'deer'. Ky or Cae often found in Cornish placenames (ki), means dog. Margh also found in Cornish placenames, means horse.
Love your videos.
Amazing. So many new words. I'm learning Scottish Gaelic for a while, and this video was quite useful for me :)
Also, I can pick up some words from it to illustrate why I prefer to use P/Q Celtic hypothesis evey time I have to explain the difference between Celtic languages - you are able to find some real distinctions in the words' spelling. Of course, this is not even a valid or convincing argument, but still xD
Glad I could help your Scottish Gaelic journey.
You probably aware that the different languages use different spelling systems. The revived Manx language uses a system based on English spelling which makes it look very different from other two Goidelic languages Irish and Scots Gaelic. Welsh has different spelling system from Breton and Cornish. It would be interesting to see a phonetic respelling the words.
Thank you for this Ben Llywelyn. Interesting that the Welsh for stallion is 'march'. Compare with Cornish 'margh' and Breton 'marc'h'. Capall and ceffyl, compare with 'caballo' in Spanish. I look out for comparatives between Iberian and Celtic languages. On another note. There's a pub in Inchicore, Dublin 8, An Capall Dubh (Y Ceffyl Du / The Black Horse) I visited once or twice when I lived in the Liberties, Dublin 8, back in the day.
Probably Latin/Romano influence on the Welsh language around 50 bce, a language not dissimilar to Brythoneg. In an Irish sense, Latin through the Church of Rome. Just a thought. Thank you for this channel, always interesting.
Also there is a weird thing with the word dog in welsh,
We have Cwn which means dog,
and Gi or Ci which means dog aswell, E.G. Corgi - Dwarf Dog
Cŵn is dogs. And corgi is adorable word.
Excellent work Ben. Greetings from the dying nation of Ireland. Soon to resemble London & Paris. The Bretons have similar problems with all their houses being bought up by parisians.
The fate of a people is in its own hands, I say. Thank you for watching.
Diolch yn fawr unwaith eto Ben, so interesting to see the similarities between Welsh, Cornish and Breton.
Hapus fod y gwideo yn fwynhad iti!
I am happy the video is an enjoyment for you!
Knowing several Slavic languages, I noticed some cognates that have common meanings with Celtic in Slavic and Baltic languages (I will use Latin transcription instead of Cyrillic words):
Squirrel:
from the proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *wewer- was formed the proto-Balto-Slavic (PBS) root *wēweris, which today exists in Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian (veverka), Belarusian (vaviorka), Ukrainian (vyvirka), Czech (veverka), Polish (wiewiórka), Silesian (wywiōrka), as well as in the Latvian (vāvere) and Samogitian (vuoveire) languages.
Eagle:
from the PIE root *h₃érō was formed the PBS root *arélis, which survives today in all Slavic languages: Serbo-Croatian orao, Slovenian, Bulgarian and Macedonian orel, Czech orel, Polish orzeł, Kashubian òrzéł, Silesian oreł, Slovak orol, Lower Sorbian jerjeł Upper Sorbian worjoł, Ukrainian orel, Belarusian arol, Russian oriol.
And also in Baltic languages: Latgalian ereļs, Latvian ērglis, Lithuanian erẽlis, and extinct Old Prussian arelie.
Bull:
from the PIE root *táwros was formed the PBS *taurás with the meaning “aurochs” (the wild extinct ancestor of modern cattle). In all Slavic languages the word sounds like /tur/, and as for the Baltic languages: in Latvian tàurs, in Lithuanian taũras.
Dog:
The PIE root *ḱwṓ did not develop in the Slavic languages, but was preserved in the Baltic: Latvian suns, Samogitian šou, Lithuanian šuõ, Sudovian kuo. By the way, I know that such a cognate for a dog also exists in the Armenian language: շուն (šun).
Thank you very much for the video! I hope to learn at least one Celtic language one day! (I’m already trying something in Duolingo 😅)
You are welcome. Thanks foe watching and for your indo-european cognates.
Interesting, that I could recognise, almost with certainty, words for squirrel, eagle, otter. Very similar like in my language, Croatian.
Through out the history Celtic influence in the area where I’m from, was big. Some historians from time, described some Illyrian tribes as joint, mixed Illyrian- Celtic tribes. Just some of the names of Illyrian tribes with Celtic influence: Ardijejci, Dalmati, Liburni, Scordisci, Veneti in north Italy.
I noticed this too! My native language is Ukrainian (and Italian), but I also speak Serbian well (I lived in Montenegro). Pozdrav! 😄
I wrote a commentary where I compared in detail the common roots between the Celtic and the Slavic and Baltic languages. You can search, but I’ll copy the part about squirrel and eagle:
Squirrel:
from the proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *wewer- was formed the proto-Balto-Slavic (PBS) root *wēweris, which today exists in Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian (veverka), Belarusian (вавёрка/vaviorka), Ukrainian (вивірка/vyvirka), Czech (veverka), Polish (wiewiórka), Silesian (wywiōrka), as well as in the Latvian (vāvere) and Samogitian (vuoveire) languages.
Eagle:
from the PIE root *h₃érō was formed the PBS root *arélis, which survives today in all Slavic languages: Serbo-Croatian orao, Slovenian, Bulgarian and Macedonian orel, Czech orel, Polish orzeł, Kashubian òrzéł, Silesian oreł, Slovak orol, Lower Sorbian jerjeł, Upper Sorbian worjoł, Ukrainian орел (orel), Belarusian арол (arol), Russian орёл (orjol).
And also in Baltic languages: Latgalian ereļs, Latvian ērglis, Lithuanian erẽlis, and extinct Old Prussian arelie.
Very informative. Thank you. Being half Welsh I just had to look up “corgi”.
Corgi is a splendid word!
I noticed the Cornish word margh seems similar to the english word mare which is a female horse.
Wonderful video Pur dha!
Mare and March are cognates (1 Germanic and 1 Celtic) coming from the same word in Indo-European which was more like the Celtic word (we think) as Germanic underwent more drastic changes away from the Indo-European root.
A fantastic video! Maith an fear! I would probably make in addition to "Madra" for "Dog" in Irish, "Madadh" (maybe also "Cú", with a note that it means "Hound" - I know another comment has already mentioned it)
Go raibh maith agat.
very interisting. i speak portuguese and we have some very similar words, curiously, not always from the same place, such as peixe, cavalo, urso and cão.
Portuguese has some very old pre-Roman elements in it. Obrigada.
Those are found in pretty much all Romance languages. French has poisson, cheval, ours and chien; Italian has pesce, cavallo, urso and cane; Catalan has peix, cavall, ós and ca; Spanish has pez, caballo, oso and (now archaic) can... which all are (along with Portuguese peixe, cavalo, urso and cão) evolved from Latin piscem, caballus, ursus and canis. It's more like a shared Proto-Indo-European root than really specifically Celtic.
Great video. Do you want to know what the longest living species is on this planet?
Sure. Go ahead.
In breton for a rabbit we can say juste lapin, like in french bit we pronounce all the letters
Vous utilisez le francais comme nous utilisons l'anglais.
Not a chance. :) Sev bear, siq fox, kitz dog, katz cat, lek eagle, qür hare, janavar wolf, mole nünüx. Lezgian language.
Interesting
actually some words are used in our language thats mix of slavic nd celtic, its kind of funny to see them still in use with the same meaning, tho bit surprising its closer to the isle of man stuff
There are Indo-European cognates.
Irish nathair Welsh neidr made me think of English 'adder' which used to be 'nadder'. All come from proto-Indo-European *(s)néHtr̥ meaning 'twisty thing'.
Nadder likely comes from Old Welsh.
@@BenLlywelynnaðra in icelandic
My surprise here was not the Welsh, Breton and Cornish links but the links to the Gaelic Irish, maybe not a total surprise here.
Oh yes, they are far apart but definitely some overlap and common roots in many places.
The area of West Cork where I live from about 1750 to the outbreak of the Famine in 1845 had an influx of Cornish Copper Miners, might explain why, trade with Brittany,and Northern Spain and Portugal also has a bearing even further afield too a shipwreck from around 1600 in the hold in 2015 they found cases of pineapples.
Welsh has 'March' for horse as well (Stallion) and 'Marchota' means 'Riding' (horses). A hefyd diolch am y vid. :)
Croeso! Diolch am wylio a'r wybodaeth.
It is interesting that in the Old Russian language squirrel is “veveritsa”, and in modern Belarusian it is “vаvуоrka”.
Romanian for squirrel - Veveriţă.
@@BenLlywelynIt turns out that the basis of “wewer” is not even proto-Celtic, Slavic or Romanian, but a common Indo-European.
Icelandic has ali similair to gaelic eala as in alifugl -raised or raisable fowl - a bird that can be keept as livestock. Swan is Svan.
Actually álft is as swan as well. May that is related more to eala.
Ben, if you had three Gealic speaking people on, 2 irish, one from Cork, one from Belfast and a Scots Gaelic speaker, I'll bet the Belfast person will understand both.
I am also a middle child.
Not of fan of how the Celtic languages say 'wolf', but everything else sounds nice.
Im sure the bleiddiau like you though.
Irish has a word for "snake" because snakes (serpents) are mentioned in the Bible!
There are no snakes in Iceland either.
Icelandic for snake is - snákur
@@BenLlywelynsnake-snákur. Adder - naðra. Serpent - ormur ( bit dated old icelandic as in the midgards-serpent - miðgarðsormurinn)
These arent Celtic peoples and Languages. The celts were a solitary tribe in southern France during the Roman Period. Edward Llwyd was an idiot to call them such!
Thank you for watching.
We do not have another standard, and academically accepted term for 'Celtic Languages'. So... I use that.
Actually, Celts were not a unified group of people.