Yeah the on-fabric dying concept was a complete enigma to me to the point I couldn't understand what the literature was even trying to say 😅 eventually Experimental chemistry explained it to me in a way that made sense and even still it's such a strange concept to me for whatever reason
@@integral_chemistry There’s a hydroxyl group on the dye molecule and fabrics such as cellulose fabrics have lots of hydroxyl groups on them too. You can chemically bind them with an ether-ester link. React butyrolactone with thionyl chloride in the presence of sulfuric acid, react the chloro-acyl chloride with the fabric to make a bunch of chloro-esters then make a quaternary ammonium salt of the para-red dye and react it with the fabric containing chloro-groups to make ester links.
Let's not forget the AZO dye Verbatim used on their DVDRs! Would synthesis be almost the same as this or different? Dye chemistry fascinates me! Verbatim also had metallized AZO dye!
If you have a chemical name for the azo that would be helpful, as far as I'm seeing it's a proprietary product so the exact dye(s) used might not be easy to find. In general though, all azo dyes are made via this generic azo dye-coupling reaction between an aromatic hydroxyl group and a nitrosonium.
05:58 is a fantastic demonstration of the magic of chemistry. Thank you very much for demonstrating this classic procedure, it still makes me smile after seeing it happen on far larger scales for years 😌
Nice that you finally succeeded in completing a project that you spent so long working up to! It’s also fascinating that color chemistry contributed to cancer research I never knew that.
Para Red and Azo Violet both contain nitro groups. ‥They are not explosive alone by themselves, but if you combine them well with an oxygen balanced amount of ammonium perchlorate, you will get a binary explosive with 90% of the destructive power of Trinitrotoluene… *_Explosives with a warning color!_*
Para Red, Azo Violet, and TNT all have nitro groups in their structure! Very few modern dyes have them anymore. Whenever I see a nitro group on a chemical structure, my day is brightened… 💥
I just wanted to say that I love your videos and have a question. Their is a dye called 1-methlyamino-anthraquinone or disperse red 9 for short. I was unable to find a synthesis anywhere so I wrote my own with some help from the guys on the science madness forum. I was wondering if you could try and make. I know the answer will probably be no, but hey, no harm in asking. Thank you for your videos!
Thank you so much! As for your question, I do have anthraquinone, and I've got methylamine, so I'd love to give it a shot! (Not to imply it'll be a simple matter of mixing those two chemicals together lol). If you want, you can email me what you've put together, and I can try it out once I wrap up what I'm working on now. If it works I'll be happy to credit you along with whoever helped you from the forums 😁
If you want another concept video that makes a pretty green pigment, not exactly a dye but its used to make dyes, mix a solution of 5% potassium chromate with an equal volume of 6% sulfurous acid and boil to dryness. My initial belief was that this was dichromium trioxide, but after a couple weeks of sitting in a container it gained a shiny almost black sheen and now im not sure exactly which chromium species it is.
Azo dyes are color-fast as they don't come out of fabric easily by washing. But they're not particularly light-fast and are easily degraded by UV in solar light. So if you want that towel to be nice and red for a long time, better not expose it to the sun. :)
Hey! I haven't had any luck with 68% but you could possibly get away with ammonium nitrate dissolved in sulfuric acid. The mix really does need to stay anhydrous though, I honestly couldn't even get good yields without acetic anhydride
@@integral_chemistryPlease answer my question, when making RDX, the first step is to add hexamine to nitric acid, followed by ammonium nitrate which has been mixed with sulfuric acid and then stirred. Can acetic anhydride be replaced with glacial acetic acid?🤔
Thank you so much! I'm not sure I'll do ANFO since it's hard to justify that as anything but a weapon and might get my channel banned.. it's easy to make though just 94% ammonium nitrate 6% diesel
@@integral_chemistry You can make a private video by joining, this way you can earn money and even if the monetization feature from your video is removed, you will still earn money. Also, it would be really cool. Thank you very much for your interest and reading my comment.
Very nice. This red colour is absolutely gorgeous. Question: for dying, can you replace sodium hydroxide, which will probably somewhat damage cotton fibres, by a milder base such as sodium carbonate in order to dissolve 2-naphthol (given that 2-naphthol has a pKa = 9.5, and sodium carbonate 10.33).
Something I've been thinking about a lot lately (who could possibly imagine why, surely has nothing to do with the current political climate) is the synthesis of estrogen and estrogen-derived compounds such as levonorgestrel. Seems like a pretty nasty thing to deal with in a home lab -- low yields + a lot of hydrogenations, among other things -- but if that was ever a process you'd consider looking at, I for one would really enjoy that.
God I've been working on that one almost as long, and it might be as much as a year before I get it right. Such an insane molecule but so beautiful I won't stop trying lol
I'll ask around for sure. I've still gotta work out a way to make dimethylaniline and I really didn't want to have to make methyl iodide first but I seem to be out of choices.. either way it'll be a while lol
At 1:31 you say that the nitrosonium ion attacks the amine group, but that is incorrect as your mechanism shows that the nucleophilic amine attacks the electrophilic nitrosonium ion. Nevertheless a nice video to make organic chemistry more accessible to the public!
What a chemical journey - congratulation to this final success! Nice to see how well the fabric dying based on my recommendations worked. Btw: did you know that using 1-naphthol instead of 2-naphthol results in an azodye named magneson (II), which is even more sensitive to magnesium ions than azo violet? The dichromate volcano at the end of the video is a little off-topic and not really necessary at this point. Every single video of yours is a little masterpiece self-standing on its own - no need to dilute this good content by different stuff.
Well thank you so much, and thank you again for your advice regarding these azo dyes (they used to be something of a mystery to me). I didn't know about magnesion (II) though, that is fascinating! Considering I had to make 1-naphthol for Nile blue/red I may as well give it a try. And yeah the dichromate volcano was kinda random. You probably noticed but I started shoving footage from future projects at the end to let the music play out naturally (and to give something to look at in the case that I go over-script). I do think it might be distracting though so I do plan to re-evaluate what I put at the end. As always, I deeply appreciate the feedback 😁
This is amazing. You got me with the fasting. I was sure you were going to explain that a mordant would be necessary. To my delight I was wrong!
Yeah the on-fabric dying concept was a complete enigma to me to the point I couldn't understand what the literature was even trying to say 😅 eventually Experimental chemistry explained it to me in a way that made sense and even still it's such a strange concept to me for whatever reason
@@integral_chemistry
There’s a hydroxyl group on the dye molecule and fabrics such as cellulose fabrics have lots of hydroxyl groups on them too.
You can chemically bind them with an ether-ester link.
React butyrolactone with thionyl chloride in the presence of sulfuric acid, react the chloro-acyl chloride with the fabric to make a bunch of chloro-esters then make a quaternary ammonium salt of the para-red dye and react it with the fabric containing chloro-groups to make ester links.
Omg i love watching dye synthesis colorful chemistry ❤❤
Let's not forget the AZO dye Verbatim used on their DVDRs! Would synthesis be almost the same as this or different? Dye chemistry fascinates me! Verbatim also had metallized AZO dye!
If you have a chemical name for the azo that would be helpful, as far as I'm seeing it's a proprietary product so the exact dye(s) used might not be easy to find. In general though, all azo dyes are made via this generic azo dye-coupling reaction between an aromatic hydroxyl group and a nitrosonium.
I don’t fully understand the chemistry, but I know pretty colours when I see them 🤩
Honestly that's the important part 😁
05:58 is a fantastic demonstration of the magic of chemistry.
Thank you very much for demonstrating this classic procedure, it still makes me smile after seeing it happen on far larger scales for years 😌
hey, no dead bugs!
usually you need soooo many dead bugs to get a vivid red as that.
So cool! I really like how you dyed the cloth at the end-clever approach!
Nice that you finally succeeded in completing a project that you spent so long working up to! It’s also fascinating that color chemistry contributed to cancer research I never knew that.
That's a really nice color.
TNT is my favourite dye 😁
Para Red and Azo Violet both contain nitro groups. ‥They are not explosive alone by themselves, but if you combine them well with an oxygen balanced amount of ammonium perchlorate, you will get a binary explosive with 90% of the destructive power of Trinitrotoluene…
*_Explosives with a warning color!_*
It's definitely top 3 dyes 😎
Para Red, Azo Violet, and TNT all have nitro groups in their structure! Very few modern dyes have them anymore. Whenever I see a nitro group on a chemical structure, my day is brightened… 💥
@@ShortFuseManMy day gets brightened only if the compound has an azide group in its structure !
Well done!
I just wanted to say that I love your videos and have a question. Their is a dye called 1-methlyamino-anthraquinone or disperse red 9 for short. I was unable to find a synthesis anywhere so I wrote my own with some help from the guys on the science madness forum. I was wondering if you could try and make. I know the answer will probably be no, but hey, no harm in asking. Thank you for your videos!
Thank you so much! As for your question, I do have anthraquinone, and I've got methylamine, so I'd love to give it a shot! (Not to imply it'll be a simple matter of mixing those two chemicals together lol).
If you want, you can email me what you've put together, and I can try it out once I wrap up what I'm working on now. If it works I'll be happy to credit you along with whoever helped you from the forums 😁
Great! I will send you an email.
Actually, what is your email?
@@MsForumula click "more" and then "about" ;)
@@tinygriffy I looked there but I was unable to find an email. Thank you though.
Man whoever invented toilet paper that turns red when you are done wiping was a genius
If you want another concept video that makes a pretty green pigment, not exactly a dye but its used to make dyes, mix a solution of 5% potassium chromate with an equal volume of 6% sulfurous acid and boil to dryness. My initial belief was that this was dichromium trioxide, but after a couple weeks of sitting in a container it gained a shiny almost black sheen and now im not sure exactly which chromium species it is.
From 6:27 to 7:18 I couldn't stop thinking about the "Cerulean mologue" from "The Devil wears Prada"
Makes me want to go into the dye business.. also, dude casually makes a volcano. Twice. 😂
7:08 gas lighter is a bad candidate for igniting ammonium dichromate since it will blow it away (Dichromate dust☠)
Azo dyes are color-fast as they don't come out of fabric easily by washing. But they're not particularly light-fast and are easily degraded by UV in solar light. So if you want that towel to be nice and red for a long time, better not expose it to the sun. :)
Please can you tell about who much amount of HCl you added(in prior clips).
Thank you
Can you make a pH indicator?
Hello Apoptosis 😁👋, I want to ask whether 68% nitric acid can be used for RDX synthesis?🤔
Hey! I haven't had any luck with 68% but you could possibly get away with ammonium nitrate dissolved in sulfuric acid. The mix really does need to stay anhydrous though, I honestly couldn't even get good yields without acetic anhydride
@@integral_chemistryPlease answer my question, when making RDX, the first step is to add hexamine to nitric acid, followed by ammonium nitrate which has been mixed with sulfuric acid and then stirred. Can acetic anhydride be replaced with glacial acetic acid?🤔
Dude your videos are great can you make ANFO PLS ??
Thank you so much! I'm not sure I'll do ANFO since it's hard to justify that as anything but a weapon and might get my channel banned.. it's easy to make though just 94% ammonium nitrate 6% diesel
@@integral_chemistry You can make a private video by joining, this way you can earn money and even if the monetization feature from your video is removed, you will still earn money. Also, it would be really cool. Thank you very much for your interest and reading my comment.
Very nice. This red colour is absolutely gorgeous. Question: for dying, can you replace sodium hydroxide, which will probably somewhat damage cotton fibres, by a milder base such as sodium carbonate in order to dissolve 2-naphthol (given that 2-naphthol has a pKa = 9.5, and sodium carbonate 10.33).
Something I've been thinking about a lot lately (who could possibly imagine why, surely has nothing to do with the current political climate) is the synthesis of estrogen and estrogen-derived compounds such as levonorgestrel. Seems like a pretty nasty thing to deal with in a home lab -- low yields + a lot of hydrogenations, among other things -- but if that was ever a process you'd consider looking at, I for one would really enjoy that.
Dioxazine? I'm addicted to the purple.
God I've been working on that one almost as long, and it might be as much as a year before I get it right. Such an insane molecule but so beautiful I won't stop trying lol
you also intend to make nile red? i think someone may have already started doing that but im not too sure
I'll ask around for sure. I've still gotta work out a way to make dimethylaniline and I really didn't want to have to make methyl iodide first but I seem to be out of choices.. either way it'll be a while lol
Diazomethane?
That is certainly the simplest azo compound 😅 never made the stuff but I'd imagine it to be insanely unstable
At 1:31 you say that the nitrosonium ion attacks the amine group, but that is incorrect as your mechanism shows that the nucleophilic amine attacks the electrophilic nitrosonium ion. Nevertheless a nice video to make organic chemistry more accessible to the public!
Ah you are 100% correct, good catch! I'll make the correction in the video description. Thank you btw!
What a chemical journey - congratulation to this final success!
Nice to see how well the fabric dying based on my recommendations worked.
Btw: did you know that using 1-naphthol instead of 2-naphthol results in an azodye named magneson (II), which is even more sensitive to magnesium ions than azo violet?
The dichromate volcano at the end of the video is a little off-topic and not really necessary at this point. Every single video of yours is a little masterpiece self-standing on its own - no need to dilute this good content by different stuff.
Well thank you so much, and thank you again for your advice regarding these azo dyes (they used to be something of a mystery to me).
I didn't know about magnesion (II) though, that is fascinating! Considering I had to make 1-naphthol for Nile blue/red I may as well give it a try.
And yeah the dichromate volcano was kinda random. You probably noticed but I started shoving footage from future projects at the end to let the music play out naturally (and to give something to look at in the case that I go over-script). I do think it might be distracting though so I do plan to re-evaluate what I put at the end.
As always, I deeply appreciate the feedback 😁
I wouldn’t consider the dichromate volcano a dilution. In fact my eyes enjoyed watching that thoroughly.