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Thanks! I use the old version of the reflectivity software made by Malvern Panalytical. I have newer software from Malvern Panalytical for analyzing XRR, but I haven't taken the time to learn it yet. One question...what are you trying to get out of XRR? Most of my users just care about film thickness, and they have just one film layer on the substrate.

@ Hey thanks for getting back to me. We at NC state work on Semiconductor films of GaN/AlGaN layers (having multiple layers on a substrate). So having a tutorial even on old version would really help to build up on that knowledge. Thanks again!!

Unfortunately, I am unable to answer that question at this point as I only have the environmental heating chamber. I am working on a proposal to purchase the HTK 2000N stage that utilizes heating strips though. If I may ask, what stage are you using, and what do you think of it?

​@@IAMMDiffractionFacility The unit we are using is HTK 16NN with Pt strip. I think taking care of the strip seems essential for experiments. The sample alignment batch works fine, but I was unable to find the module in the instrument settings >> sample stage for automatic height control module.

@@mehmettasyagan2195 Thank you for sharing your thoughts on the stage! Regarding the automatic height control module, are you able to control the Z position of your sample with the computer? I think there is a manual Z stage and PC controlled Z stage, hence my question.

@@IAMMDiffractionFacility It is a PC-controlled Z stage, and yes, I was able to use automatic bacth for sample height control. After heating the strip, Z alignment is not required because there is an aparatus on the unit that keeps the tension of the strip. I also contacted Panalytical recently for the non-ambient batch because I got some sort of error after each reflection measurement. They suggested that I should use a general batch program, not a non-ambient batch.

Thank you for such a nice compliment!

Thank you so much!

I think the Crystallography Open Database (COD) can provide files with structural information. I would suggest trying to use that. If you can save a .cif file with structural information, you can load that into HighScore Plus and refine it (I think you just have to do choose File, Insert, and then choose the .cif file).

Thank you!

There are a couple of reasons I can think of quickly. 1) Do you have HighScore or HighScore Plus? I believe only the Plus variant has the capability to perform Rietveld refinements (but I'm not 100% sure of that). 2) If you are using HighScore Plus, it may be that your database of diffraction patterns doesn't include atomic positions. If this is the case, I THINK that the Crystallography Open Database (COD) has atomic positions in their files (or at least some of them), and it is a free database, so that might be something for you to look into. I've not used it personally as I use the PDF-5+ database from ICDD, but I've seen the COD recommended. Regarding making your graph more readable, that is a bit too broad of a question for me. Can you be more specific? Is there something in particular you want the graph to show?

Thank you very much, dear. Let me check it, and I will get you back.

I am using Highscore Plus, and even the newly released versions of COD19, 20, and 24 have the same error message: '' The application has encountered a problem. We are sorry for the inconvenience.'' I can't read the new object version.

@@haftamubirhanu6728 Oh, I have no idea what that error is. I have never seen it before. It really doesn't give much information to help with troubleshooting. I wish I could be of some help, but I'm afraid I don't know what to tell you.

@WWC94 Wow, that message means a lot! I really never thought when I started this channel that it would have much reach outside of the users of my own lab, but knowing that it helps others has really encouraged me to keep it up and expand, even when the thought of expanding is a bit...intimidating. My intention was to produce only training videos on how to use our instruments. However, making videos focused more on the science behind X-ray diffraction has actually helped me as well. You don't REALLY know a topic until you try to teach it. As you said, stuff like reciprocal space, the details behind Rietveld...these types of topics can be difficult to grasp and then understand well. I'm not going to pretend that I'm a genius when it comes to X-ray theory; I'm better on the experimental side of things. I'm also not the kind of guy to understand a concept through equations, I need words and clear images to paint a picture to allow me to visualize what is going on. I figure that I'm not the only person like this though; there's probably a lot of people who are similar. My goal is to make content to help those people. Unfortunately, it is very time consuming to figure out how to simply a complex topic, which means this series will likely take much longer to complete than I anticipated. I hope that my viewers and subscribers will be patient with me! Anyway, this comment is longer than I intended. I just want to thank you again for your kind words. You didn't have to take the time to comment what you did, but it was very kind of you to do so. I hope you enjoy the rest of the channel's content, and let me know if you have any specific questions in the comment sections!

Thank you, I'm so happy to hear that!

You're welcome!

Thank you!

😂 That's a pretty crazy suggestion it sounds like UA-cam made for you!

I appreciate that! The first one will release either in the next 24 hours or right after the weekend. Thankfully, I have a number of other presentations made, I just have to record and edit the audio.

@ahmadabubakar1364 To be honest, I am not overly familiar with the COD database as I have always used the ICDD database. I have two thoughts though. (1) Do you have HighScore or HighScore Plus? I believe you can only perform Rietveld refinements with HighScore Plus. (2) Maybe your candidate patterns that you tried converting to phases do not contain information regarding the atomic positions of each phase. If this is the case, you can't refine the phases based upon those candidate patterns. Please see this video for more detail (ua-cam.com/video/yGQDXCXEaqY/v-deo.html).

Can I get your email address?

Are you saying that your intensity while aligning is very low? If you perform a direct beam 2theta scan, what is your maximum intensity in cps?

If you have analysis software such as HighScore and a database of reference patterns, that is the easiest way. I have a phase identification video showing that. Once you identify the phases, you can find the peak list in the reference file, and that will tell you the (hkl) for each of the peaks. Otherwise, you need to index the peaks manually. I have a video for how to do that for a cubic system, but it gets more difficult as you move to lower symmetry systems.

@@IAMMDiffractionFacility Suppose I have the reference values ​​of hkl for both phases... but their numbers are very close like SNO2 and Zno... How do I distinguish between them and what is the comparison mechanism? Do I compare the first two peaks in the references with the first one in the sample and the closest one is the correct one? Then compare two peaks in each reference and compare them with the second peak? And so on? I am facing a big difficulty in that. Can you help me?

There are a number of reasons this could be. Maybe the refinement changed the lattice parameters too much, maybe the sample height displacement changed too much, maybe the sample has a lot of texture (causing the intensity fits to match poorly), etc. It is really difficult for me to say without seeing the refinement results (raw data vs. calculated pattern).

When you are on the chemistry tab selecting which elements to focus on, please look toward the bottom of the window. First make sure that the minimum number of elements is 1 and the maximum number of elements is something large (you can make it 100 if you like). Directly beneath that, you should see "Resulting hits: **** patterns of *****." Can you tell me what numbers yours shows? For example, in the video, it showed 1428 patterns of 412099.

I can help you

Glad you enjoyed it!

@@IAMMDiffractionFacility We expect more videos. Please keep uploading

@@IAMMDiffractionFacility Hi Micheal. I am about to finish my PhD in chemical engineering. Do you know any job openings in your center?