Відео

There are 2 types of carbon used in this preparation. 1 Carbon Black Nanometric powder, there are different types of carbon black, the cheapest are used as a pigment but have a conductivity not too high, the best is Acetylene Black which offers high conductivity but comes at a high cost. Of course, the use of the carbon black type, greatly affects the conductivity of the sheets that are prepared. 2 graphite micrometric powder, this powder is always conductive, if I prepare a pile of my graphite and at the ends at the distance of 2 - 3 cm I place the 2 tips of a tester I read a resistance of about 1000 ohms, if I then compress this powder or use glue to the Polyinylacetate as a binder the resistance is lowered again. So if a graphite does not have these values, it is not a good graphite, or rather it is polluted by other products. Another component that can lead to bad results is polyvinyl acetate glue, I use Henkel AG's Pattex, which has proven to be excellent for this use. Other brands can lead to worse results, in these glues in addition to polyvinyl acetate there are also other additives that can affect negative on the final product. At the beginning I had used a glue of Chinese origin but the results were bad, greater electrical resistance of the sheets and frequent cracks in the final product. So polyvinyl acetate glues must first be tested.

From an economic point of view it makes no sense, and a self-built capacitor is unlikely to outperform the commercial product. But here other factors come into play: it is the pleasure of experimenting, of trying solutions different from the traditional ones. And let's not forget that, even if in rare cases, experimentation can lead to unexpected and highly rewarding results

@@claudiohomelab8181 .. like an invention of rubber (they even tried to mix with soup). However since then, I cannot remember something interesting discovered outside of a lab (I mean a chemistry and materials).

These graphite sheets generate a voltage when they are coupled by an electrolyte to an element of different electronegativity, there must always be an electrolyte. Thank you for subscribing

ok, I plan to try applying your composition in making solar panels in the hope of satisfactory results because I see that the working system is not much different from making batteries. If you have any suggestions on what materials are good or good for making solar panels. I thank you very much, healthy greetings always

Between the electrodes I use 2 sheets of non-woven fabric for the reason that with a single sheet I had noticed that in case of pressure there was a short circuit between the activated carbon particles of the 2 electrodes. The central electrode does not contain protective glue for the metal. While in the 2 external electrodes the metal is protected from direct contact with the electrolyte

The aluminum foil I used was made from an old plate from an off-set printing press. You can safely use 30 micron or even 500 micron sheets, no problem.

Can be purchased at a laboratory chemical store, sodium perchlorate is expensive: 250g about 100€, and being classified in some countries as a precursor to explosives, may be subject to restriction in sale

@@claudiohomelab8181 I see the alternative is sodium nitrate, is this as good as sodium perchlorate? It appears to be cheaper too. If used the video mentions to use 91 grams in 100mL of water, is this the correct amount for the ideal electrolyte or is there a different ratio to be used? Thanks for your response.

Sodium nitrate is the second best alternative after perchlorate and is less expensive and easier to find. The voltage that can be reached is slightly lower. The solubility of sodium nitrate is 91 grams in 100 ml at a temperature of 25 ºC

@claudiohomelab8181 And is that how much I use per 100mL of water? Or do I use what I calculated for 5mol/L to be 42.5 g per 100mL for sodium nitrate? And the water used can be distilled or deionized water? I do appreciate your responses to the many questions I have asked by though way, so thank you.

@@Ryan-gf6bs To use sodium nitrate you need to dissolve 91g of NaNO3 in 100ml of water, the water can be either distilled or deionized

I have to admit that my AI narrator isn't the best. In the next videos I will change it. Thank you

no magazine, it was just my idea, I had a few kilos of graphite powder and I thought I'd use some of it in the making of these sheets

You can not use it. However, remember that carbon black with its nanometric particles helps to lower the resistance of the electrodes. However, carbon black is also used as a pigment to make colors used in graphic arts, so you should find it in your country as well. Check it out here: www.jacksonsart.com/blog/2021/11/17/pigment-colour-index-black-pigments/

Reaction products are aluminum oxides and hydrates and also aluminates, which are formed on the aluminum electrode and then precipitate to the bottom

Thank you for the clarification

I have to admit that soaking the non-woven fabric directly into the electrolyte is a better solution, in fact in the preparation of another supercapacitor I adopted this technique

@@claudiohomelab8181 I look forward to more of your videos in the future!

@@bearnaff9387 OK

يمكن أن يكون القطب موجبا أو سالبا ، ويتم إنشاء القطبية من الشحنة الأولى ومن ثم ينصح بالحفاظ عليها.

It could be an idea to experiment with

@@claudiohomelab8181 science is testing hypothesis. Many hypothesis don't work, but we always learn something. And work or not, interested people will watch to learn.

Thank you for your appreciation. I know that for a few hours after publication the subtitles were not visible, but now they should be seen

Thanks for sharing news about your trial, it's useful news! I use aluminum foil as a collector which then undergoes corrosion. In my last video I made a supercapacitor with protected aluminum that should solve the corrosion problem. For now, it works, but we will have to wait to see the final results. If it goes wrong I will use other metals, such as nickel foil, an alternative could be stainless steel foil

@@claudiohomelab8181 Yes stainless could also be used. Nickel might be slightly easier to work shape cut or handle. sand or roughen the surface etc. I recommend if your using flat sheets to highly roughen the surfaces thoroughly with sandpaper or similar roughening options before applying the active material coating. Makes it stick a lot better and you get a much better easier wetting of the active material and better bond. more conductivity. Sodium sulfate will give highest performance but too much will cause crystal precipitation to form. At room temperature probably 50% to 75% of the maximum solubility will be a good target. Too close to 100% will form precipitation and reduce performance. Nickel works extremely well much better than aluminum No oxide layer formation and high resistance to corrosion in neutral or strong alkaline electrolytes.

Hello Joseph, I can't print the graphite foil directly on the aluminum foil because the foil shrinks during drying and due to the stiffness of the aluminium would result in a completely cracked foil. Look here: ua-cam.com/video/CJnWq3MzMNo/v-deo.html at 07:29 As you can see the foil contracted but the thin plastic sheet followed its deformation and the foil is perfectly intact.

Yes, I should have thought6 of that myself. Thanks J@@claudiohomelab8181

Hi Martin, I am aware of this problem, to improve I should be able to lower the resistance by an order of magnitude, which on the one hand would be easier to do using acetylene black, but I would like to solve it using low cost materials. Now I'm using these electrodes in making a Water-in-salt supercapacitor with NaClO4 electrolyte, we'll see what happens Regards Claudio

Bonjour Simonsimon, Merci pour votre appréciation, j’ai également utilisé de vieilles plaques d’impression offset en aluminium pour le collecteur de certaines électrodes, Je trouve très intéressante la nouvelle que vous m’avez donnée sur la façon de trouver du PVP (PVP iodé à usage agricole !!). Pour éliminer définitivement le problème de la corrosion, il suffirait d’utiliser de fines feuilles d’acier inoxydable comme collecteur des électrodes. Bien sûr, ceux-ci sont plus chers que ceux en aluminium, mais ils pourraient être la solution ultime à ce problème. Maintenant, avec ces électrodes, je construis un supercondensateur que je viens de fabriquer, je vais poster la vidéo. Pour le stockage d’énergie off-grid, mon idée est d’utiliser des supercondensateurs, Mais compte tenu de l’énorme capacité que le système nécessiterait et des coûts élevés actuels des supercondensateurs, cela n’est guère réalisable Cependant, s’il pouvait être produit à faible coût, alors ce serait la meilleure solution. Je te salue, Claudio

As for the durability of these graphite electrodes, there are no problems in contact with salt electrolytes, I have some cells with LiClO4 and LiCl electrolyte, and electrodes aluminum - graphite sheet still working after 2 years. They cannot be used with strong acids because they are slowly dissolved, with concentrated NaOH KOH they are slowly consumed, if the solutions are diluted they resist enough.

@@claudiohomelab8181 I thaught that they may react with the glue. Anyway awesome work.

I'm sorry but I didn't use AI to make this video. The content was processed directly by me. I just used a Text To Speech program for English audio My English pronunciation is pretty bad

Acetylene black

@@claudiohomelab8181 It seems you didn't add this additive. Where can I obtain this additive?

Acetylene black is an expensive product, that's why I didn't use it. Now I'm preparing low-resistance carbon electrodes for supercapacitors, without using acetylene black, so far I have managed to have electrodes with R < 1ohm @@kazeem-mustapha

@@claudiohomelab8181 I'm looking forward to this video

@@kazeem-mustapha OK

It is not advisable to do so, because the pH of the electrolyte would become acidic and the consequence would be the production of chlorine

​​@@claudiohomelab8181could you put 3 or 4 different positive electrodes in series with one negative and get more voltage.

can calcium hypochlorite work ?@@claudiohomelab8181

Add carbon too system too store power....I took one piece off charcoal put foil around it soaked in salt it gave off power for weeks...not even charged...the power was low but the principle is there

This is correct, but I'm working on lowering the electrical resistance of these sheets

@@claudiohomelab8181 no, you must learn what flexible graphite foil is, it's have resistance near metal but inert to chemical reaction, it's the true current collector, what you try to make is cathode material not current collector

@@teknosql4740 It's interesting what you say. Can you tell me where to find information about these graphite foils to be used directly as a current collector? The electrodes that I prepare with these foils have a stainless steel mesh manifold, so in effect they are cathode material

@@claudiohomelab8181 just buy what called synthetic graphite foil for smartphone.

@@teknosql4740 Graphirte foils or grafoils are very fragile and only practical for lab experiments. What Claudio is doing is quite practical and he can easily go to 0 Ohm and it can be used as a cathode material and or a current collector!

It's interesting what you say. Can you tell me where to find information about these graphite foils to be used directly as a current collector? The electrodes that I prepare with these foils have a stainless steel mesh manifold, so in effect they are cathode material

There are so many ways of doing anything!!! I think we should learn to appreciate what people offer to us for information. If you know any other ways, then it would be better that you share the information rather than seek for non existing mistakes from people who are taking their time to inform people like us. I am an electrochemist and I deeply appreciate the efforts and work of our dear claudiohomelab!!! Let's encourage him and let's share the little or the much he offers. It's a gift!!!

@@claudiohomelab8181 Sorry for those unscientific words from our friend! Keep your head high and just keep on keeping on with your great work! We need you! There will be distractions all over but the world needs you - remember that! We need people like you ready to share the little precious experiments with the rest of the world. Congratulations!

Thank you very much for what you have said

@@claudiohomelab8181 You're welcome!